Table of contents

PREFACE

We would like to thank God for the blessing of International Conference Research Collaboration that was held on 12th March 2018 by The Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. This conference is purposed to build promising international networking between our department, The University of Kitakyushu Japan, and some other Universities (Universitas Andalas, Universitas lampung, Universitas Pasundan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Universitas Negeri malang, Universitas Padjadjaran, Universitas Langlangbuana, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Universitas Janabadra, and University Malaya, Malaysia), which have similar research interests for Improvement of City Environmental Quality. Hopefully through this seminar can help to improve the quality of our city environment.

We would like to thank Prof Toru Matsumoto who initiated and supported this conference. We would like to thank all the participants who have participated in this seminar, hopefully as the expectation of all parties.

We would like to also thanks the Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga for supporting the conference. We give great appreciation to the committee who has worked very hard to keep the conference running on schedule.

Last but not least, we hope that real and excellent networking may arise in the future from this event.

Thank you and best regards

Surabaya, March 5th 2018

Head of Biology Department

Faculty of Science and Technology

Universitas Airlangga

Dr. Sucipto Hariyanto, DEA

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

This study aimed to determine the amount of distribution of active waste banks along with the composition and amount of waste generation in Surabaya City, as well as to provide a generation map for paper, plastic, and metal waste from Surabaya's active waste banks. The data of the research was obtained through the survey of all Surabaya City waste banks consisting of waste bank activity data, coordinate data, waste bank documentation, composition data, total waste generation, and East Java map. Based on the data obtained, the researchers mapped the waste banks using the ArcGIS 10.2 software. Based on the results of the research, there were 64 active waste banks in Surabaya City during May-July 2016 spread in five areas: 9 waste banks in Central Surabaya, 12 waste banks in West Surabaya, 12 waste banks in South Surabaya, 19 waste banks in East Surabaya, and 12 waste banks in North Surabaya. The waste composition and generation consist of paper waste of 8,254.3 kg/month, plastic waste of 2,870.5 kg/month, and metal waste of 2,352.3 kg/month. The distribution map of paper, plastic, and metal waste from GIS-based active waste banks can facilitate waste management in Surabaya City.

This research aimed to determine the CaO and SiO₂ content in landfill mining residue and glass waste, variations of selected compositions in accordance with SNI 03-0691-1996 on Paving Block, and the best values of the selected composition variation as paving block raw material. The research consists of six test steps namely visible properties, size, compressive strength, water absorption, wear resistance, and sodium sulfate resistance test. X-Ray Fluorescence method was used to determine the value of CaO and SiO₂ content in landfill mining residue and glass waste. The CaO and SiO₂ content in landfill mining residue were 5.81% and 46.31%; glass waste values were 8.77% and 65.07%. The variations were landfill mining residue, glass waste, and product 1. Paving block composition variations 2, 3, 5 have met the SNI 03-0691-1996 classification of quality D, which is geared towards city park use and the paving block composition variation 4 with the classification of quality C, used for pedestrian walkways. The best values of the selected paving block composition are a compressive strength of 18.84 MPa; water absorption value of 3.41%; wear resistance value of 0.188 mm/min; and sodium sulfate resistance value of <1%.

This study aimed to determine the content of CaO and SiO₂ in landfill mining residue and ceramic shard waste, the best composition variation in accordance with SNI 03-0691-1996 on Paving Block, and the best values in the selected composition variation as paving block material according to SNI 03-0691-1996 on Paving Block. The research consists of six test steps, namely visibility test, size test, compressive strength test, water absorption test, wear resistance test, and sodium sulfate resistance test. The X-Ray Fluorescence method was used to determine the value of Cao and SiO₂ compounds in landfill mining residue and ceramic shard waste. The CaO and SiO₂ content in landfill mining residues were 5.81% and 46.31%, while in ceramic shard waste the concentrations were 4.60% and 64.33%. The selected paving block composition variation which is in accordance with SNI 03-0691-1996 was variation 4 with a composition ratio of 10% ceramic shard waste:20% landfill mining residue:50% sand:20% cement, which has meet the classification of quality C. The best values in the selected variation were a compressive strength test value of 21.69 MPa, water absorption test value of 3.16%, wear resistance test value of 0.169 mm/min, and a sodium sulfate resistance test score of 1%.

Grounding resistance of the earthing system is affected by soil resistivity. Soil resistivity should have a high-water content (moisture) inside the ground. Soil moisture can be made and maintained by substance addictive that can absorb water in vicinity. This research uses bentonite as an additive. It has undergone the heating process in different temperature and duration before used, thenbentonite is mixed into the soil with the different composition. Those treatments are categorized as physics-activated. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of bentonite in order to reduce soil resistance. The grounding resistance is observed with and without bentonite. The earthing system with bentonite as addictive has the smaller grounding resistance than that without bentonite. The biggest percentage of reduction in grounding resistance are 74% due to bentonite which is activated at temperature 2000C. Non-activated bentonite can achieve 68% reduction in grounding resistance. In contrast, the composition of 50% non-activated bentonite and 25% soil can reduce the grounding resistance by 69%.

The University of Lampung is located in the City of Bandar Lampung. Like many other cities in Indonesia, the city is still having difficulty in solving the waste problems. Meanwhile, the university generates waste of 14.7 tons per day (24.5 m3 per day). The waste produce at university commonly rich in organic content, which is has the potential to be processed into bio-methane. Answering the challenge of implementing a decentralization and zero waste policies, helping to ease the burden of government in handling waste as well as considering the potential of rich organic content of waste, the University of Lampung set up a plan to develop a campus community integrated waste management and carry out innovation in waste processing by utilizing a Biomass Power Plant (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biomasa or PLTBM). The advantage of PLTBM is while converting organic waste into energy (electricity and gas), it produces solid and liquid fertilizer as its byproduct. This paper presents the feasibility study of the plan, specifically on technical aspect. The study was assessed by comparing the condition with and without project. The result of this study can be used by university stakeholders to take actions to make this plan work properly. The plan is expected to improve the campus environment quality, divert 80% of waste being dump into landfill as well as can be a pilot model for a wider communities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proximate characteristics found of nano-calcium in shells of blood cockle (Anadara granosa liin) in four different areas, namely Kenjeran, Surabaya; Gresik Regency; Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency; and Bluru District, Sidoarjo Regency. The parameters used were yields, proximate analysis and mineral content of calcium (Ca) and lead (Pb). The results showed that the nano-calcium in blood cockle shell from Kenjeran, Surabaya, had the lowest yield value of 0.2448 grams. The highest proximate result of ash content was found in the shell of the cockle from Bluru, as much as 53.46%.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) characteristics including generation rates, composition, proximate analysis, and recycling potential were evaluated for suggesting the appropriate recycling-based municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Padang City. Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 19-3964-1994 was used as guidance for obtaining MSW characteristic through 8 consecutive days sampling in 2016. MSW characteristics from domestic and commercial areas were compared and evaluated to find the most suitable recycling-based MSWM for each area. As a result, both areas show MSW differently in composition. Domestic area generates higher food and yard waste compared to commercial area. On the contrary, commercial area generates higher amount of dry waste. Recycling potential data shows that domestic area generates biodegradable waste (59.420 % weight) higher than that of commercial area (21.816 % weight), while commercial area generates marketable waste (47.949 % weight) higher than that of domestic area (5.730 % weight). Aerobic or anaerobic treatment facility must be implemented for domestic area, while sorting, collecting, sell and recycling activities of marketable dry waste must be carried out more intensive for commercial area. Such treatments and activities must be incorporated into 3R waste treatment facility/TPS3R, integrated waste treatment facility/TPST, and waste bank (WB).

Landslide is a general term that covers a wide variety of soil forms and processes involving earth, rock, or debris movements falling on the lower slopes below due to the influence of gravity. This disaster occurs in many parts of Indonesia, including in Bantul Regency due to its relatively unstable land and vulnerability to land movement. In addition, a landslide disaster can lead to casualties and considerable material losses. This study aims to build an Android-based GIS application that can map landslide-vulnerable areas by dividing the vulnerability into three categories, namely low, medium, and high, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This research is expected to be useful for the community and the Government in order to be alert and responsive to handle landslide disasters in areas that have been declared vulnerable to landslide disasters. The results of research by using the GIS application produced showed that from 17 districts in Bantul Regency, 6 are districts that have a high vulnerability level of landslide disasters. The six districts are Pleret, Imogiri, Kretek, Sanden, Srandakan, and Bambanglipuro.

This study aimed to determine the ratio of samples A, B, C, and D containing the combination from shells ashes, rice husk ashes, organic waste ashes, Lapindo mud, and industrial sludge waste as the chosen ecocement according to the closest value of compressive strength to SNI 15 2049 2004 on Portland Cement. Semen Gresik type OPC was used for blank sample. Data analysis was divided into two parts. Raw material analysis was done to determine CaO contained in shells ashes and SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contained in rice husk ashes, organic waste ashes, Lapindo mud, and industrial sludge waste using AAS. Product analysis was done to determine the powder density and compressive strength value in 3 days cubical mortar sample with the length of each side of 50 mm. The result of CaO contained in shell ashes was 81.57%. The highest, SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, were 68.06% in rice husk ashes and 39.01% in industrial sludge waste. Sample A was chosen as ecocement according to the density and compressive strength values of 2.2 g/mL and 28.20 kg/cm², respectively. Based on SNI 15 2049 2004 on Portland Cement, the compressive strength of Sample A complies with the compressive strength of Portland Cement type IV.

Material Recovery Facility is a waste management method applied to solve the solid waste problem. This plan uses a sampling method to determine the generation, composition, material balance, and volume of solid waste, as well as for the determination of MRF-based Temporary Disposal Site design at Universitas Airlangga Campus C. Sampling results indicated that the solid waste generation rate in administration and learning activities were 0.081 and 0.018 kg/person/day; gardening 0.0035 kg/m²/day, and street sweeping 0.66 kg/m/day. The percentages of organic waste component of administrative and learning activities were 28.01% and 58%, 96% for gardening, and 100% for street sweeping. The material balance of waste processed at the temporary disposal site and waste disposed to landfill by 612.19 and 259.56 kg/day or 70.23 and 29.77%. The total waste volume was 19.43 m³/day. Therefore, it can be concluded that the design of MRF-based temporary disposal site at Universitas Airlangga Campus C may reduce the waste generation rate disposed to landfill.

This research aimed to determine the influence of adding a consortium of cellulolytic microbe, cow manure, and mixture of cellulolytic microbe and cow manure towards the composting process of garbage at the garden of the Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University. The independent variables used were a microbial cellulolytic consortium, cow manure, and a consortium of microbial cellulolytic and cow manure. The independent variables were the color, moisture content, pH, temperature, C-organic, N-total, and the ratio C/N. The composting technology implemented in this research was windrow composting. The difference between garbage and cow manure added was 3:1, meaning 1.5 kg cow manure for 4.5 kg garbage. For the treatment, the ratio of the addition of microbial cellulolytic consortium to garbage was 20:1, meaning 90 ml microbial cellulolytic consortium for 4.5 kg garbage. The cellulolytic microbial consortium used consisted of Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Cellulomonas sp. From the Microbiology Laboratory of Biology Department at the Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University, as much as 20 ml/kg of garbage and 1.5 kg of cow manure for each garbage volume from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University was processed. The results showed that there was a treatment effect on the composting process, which was indicated by the decrease in the ratio of C/N. The addition of cellulolytic microbial consortium is the most effective because composting can decrease C/N ratio by 80.41%.

This non-medical solid waste management plan aimed to draft a plan for the management of non-medical solid waste at Universitas Airlangga Hospital (RSUA), which is adjusted to the existing conditions in the hospital. Planning included the containment, collection, and type I temporary disposal site. The sampling method was carried out for 8 consecutive days based on SNI 19-3964-1994 to find out the amount of non-medical solid waste generation, composition, and density. These parameters were used to design waste containers, collection trolleys, and type I temporary disposal site designs consisting of disposal and sorting places. The mean generated value was 100.97kg/day or 0.11kg/person/day with the composition of organic non-medical solid waste 23.57 kg/day and inorganic 75.17 kg/day, and the density of 164.94 kg/m3. The planned waste containers have capacities of 5L, 10L, 15L, 20L, and 25L with 677 units in total, while the collection trolleys with 360L capacity number 28 units. The planned construction of the sorting site with length, width, and height of 3m x 2m x 1.5m each The Budget Plan (RAB) of this plan is Rp. 145,054,500.00.

As part of air contaminants, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) affects the lung functions including decreasing breathing ability, infection, and inflammation reaction which is indicated by the presence of C - reactive protein (CRP). This research is conducted to investigate the length of exposure of SO₂ in gas station employees located in Medan Amplas District. The samples were collected by total sampling method, while the data were analyzed by using the cross sectional design, while the hypothetical analysis were conducted by implementing the Spearman method, and Pearson statistical method. It was found that the working hours showed positive correlation, which was accounted 0.0628875 ± 0.04437757 mg/L for insignificant level of CRP. This shows a correlation between the work duration of exposure on SO₂.

Of all activities related to carbon dioxide generation in Lampung University, vehicle exhaust is a main source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂). Carbon dioxide (CO₂) may trap the earth's heat which worsens the climate change. As For the physical condition of humans, high concentration of CO₂ exposure may cause death, unconsciousness, convulsions and fetus damage. Even in lower concentration, CO₂ exposure can cause hyperventilation, vision damage, lung congestion, central nervous system injury, and other health problems. A case survey was conducted to measure CO₂ emission based on two type of vehicles; private car and motorcycle to obtain the number of vehicle entry per gate. A mathematical model was also used to estimate CO₂ production. Several factors such as fuel consumption, emission factor, and number of running per day (distance) were used as inputs. CO₂ emission in the next five years was also estimated using the same method by previously extrapolated the earliest 5 years population data of Lampung University. The result shows that motorcycles are responsible for 1.636 ton of CO2 emission or approximately 55% of the total CO2 emission in Lampung University. Meanwhile, cars contribute to 1.34 ton of CO2 emission or approximately 45% of the total CO2 emission. It was also estimated that Lampung University would have an increase in vehicle number by 7.81%.

Sulfur dioxide is particulate matter which primarily from the combustion emissions of motor vehicles. If inhaled into lungs, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is deposited at alveoli and inflammation occurs. A long-term exposure to SO₂ can cause impaired lung function with increased morbidity and mortality. The research is a cross-sectional study done to 59 employees at gas stations with sulfur dioxide exposure in the working environment. Data has been analysed by regression logistic test using SPSS software. Of the 59 research subjects, there are 38 people (64.4%) whose Forced Vital Capacity value decreased (restrictive lung disease), with 36 people (61%) are categorized into mild restriction and 2 others (3.4%) are in moderate restriction. In this study, there are no significant correlations between FVC decrease and age, gender or working duration. There was not found employees exposed with SO₂ above 126.7 ppm in whom the decreased of FVC value occurred. In other words, employees exposed with a great level of SO₂ will undergo decrease of FVC value. This study showed that there was only a weak correlation between sulfur dioxide exposure level and FVC value. The contribution of SO₂ exposure to influence FVC value was only 9.4%.

Landfilling is a conventional waste treatment method that is widely used in Indonesia because of its technical feasibility, ease of operation, minimum supervision, and low operating costs. However, landfilling processing techniques lead to more leachate production than other processing methods. The Klotok Landfill in Kediri City has a leachate treatment plant that has been operating since 2016. The monitoring of leachate quality is important to be performed in order to evaluate the leachate treatment process. The leachate treatment plant consists of an anaerobic, a facultative, and a maturation ponds. The first year of monitoring was conducted in 2017 with two times of sampling, February and May. The results of the leachate quality monitoring in Klotok Landfill showed that quality were not yet optimal because some effluent parameters of leachate treatment plant were still above the quality standard as regulated in the Indonesian Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation P.59/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/7/2016. The parameters that did not meet the quality standards were BOD₅, COD, TSS, and Total N. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of processing at Klotok Landfill. The improvements that need to be made are measuring the daily parameters and monitoring the microorganisms growing in the treatment unit.

The removal of phosphorus and nitrogen in food wastewater previously difficult to removed. We investigated the removal of nitogen and phosphorus from food wastewater, especially tempeh wastewater. The ABR design was used using five baffled. This design was used to optimize the anaerobic process that occurs. Meanwhile, the RBC waste processors, using three stages with the shape of the surface of the disk used wavy and split. Selected design forms a disk surface as a contact medium with such special design, to optimize biofilm and oxygen transfer. This research was conducted in a laboratory scale. Operasional conditions for the units, by controlled the pH and varyed the load of nitrogen and phosphorus in the food wastewater. Removal eficiencies for total nitrogen was 91% and for total phosporus was 88%, respectively. However those removal eficiencies decrease with the increase in the N/BOD₅ ratio of wastewater.

Discharge of wastewater into water body can change the quantity and quality of natural organic matter (NOM) in source water, because wastewater may contain dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM). dEfOM consists of a heterogenous mixture of organic compounds with various structures, such as dissolved organic matter, microbial by-products, endocrine disrupting compound, etc. The objectives of this study is to track the fate of dEfOM by using fluorescence excitation emission matrices (FEEMs) in order to apply of reclaimed water from industrial wastewater. Tracking of NOM was observed in industrial park of wastewater treatment, which is consist of equalization tank, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, activated sludge tank and clarifier tank. FEEMs with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) analysis decomposed the organic matter in wastewater into two components, namely component C1 at (Ex/Em): 330(235)/410 is humic acid like and fulvic, component C2 at (Ex/Em): 280(230)/350 is soluble microbial products and aromatic protein. Characteristic of dEfOM depends on the wastewater characteristic and its treatment processes.

Algae technology is an alternative sustainable domestic wastewater treatment. This study analyse the effect of adding CO2 gas to algae reactor systems to reduce ammonia levels in wastewater. The addition of CO2 is expected to improve the performance of algae in photosynthesis thus accelerate the decreasing of ammonia concentration. This research uses algae reactor to treat domestic wastewater from Sewon Wastewater Management Installation Waste, Yogyakarta that conducted in laboratory scale with potential algae in facultative pond in Sewon WWTP. The CO₂ supply in rate of 0.2 L / min and 0.5 L / min. Chlorophyll-a is analyzed to determine algae growth. The results show the high correlation between chlorophyll-a and ammonia removal, meanwhile algae reactor without CO₂ is uncorrelated with ammonia removal.

This research aimed to determine CH₄ levels and its potential of usage in Klotok Landfill Kediri City. The measurement of CH₄ was performed at six points, three points at Klotok I and Klotok II Landfill in each cell. CH₄ was measured using portable gas detector with the MQ-04 type of gas sensor. The measurement of CH₄ was performed in seven times of observation in the morning and in the evening. The average of CH₄ levels at Klotok I Landfill were (1.8±0.71); (62.46±3.19); and (3.07±2.65) %Vol, respectively. The highest CH₄ levels at Klotok I Landfill was in Cell 2, which was almost similar to Klotok II Landfill. The CH₄ levels in each measurement points in the Klotok II Landfill were (63.21±2.61); (62.46±4.70); and (19.76±17) %Vol, respectively. The highest CH₄ levels at Klotok II Landfill was in Point 1. The CH₄ levels were affected by environmental condition in terms of soil temperature, soil moisture, and pH of soil, etc; the existence of methanogenic microorganisms, and the composition of waste in the landfill. A high CH₄ levels at Klotok Landfill Kediri City can be utilized as an alternative fuel for renewable energy source appropriate with the concept of green technology.

This study aims to estimate solid waste generation and its composition of households in Medan City. Medan Labuhan and Medan Tuntungan sub-districts were selected as study area. Data of this study was collected in 2017. The estimation of waste generation was conducted based on Indonesian standard SNI 19-3964-1994. The study found that the household solid waste generation in Medan Labuhan generated 0.233 kg/person/day of solid waste and 0.254 kg/person/day in Medan Tuntungan. The result in composition revealed three main fractions they are 45.2- 52.3% of organic waste, followed by 19.5-23.7% of plastic, 12.513.1% of paper and other fraction such as wood, glass, textile, and metal. This study showed a potential of recyclable materials in the composition of household waste. It is necessary to initiate minimizing of waste generation, reusing, separating, and recycling waste.

This research is aimed at elementary school of Adiwiyata program implementer. The school's school Adiwiyata program has been known as a program of the Ministry of Forestry and Environment which is introduced at school. This study aims to get the form of parents' participation in improving teaching and learning process; form of parents in participating in improving school facilities and infrastructure; ensuring the implementation of classroom lessons; and community participates in caring parents' complaints at school. The result of this research are parents engaging in schoolwork, parent and community events, and class of localized classrooms. Through an open classroom parents can observe the conformity of the material the teacher conveys with the latest scientific developments, and propose improvements of material submitted, media used. Through locally charged classes and teacher visits to schools increased student participation in school, and made the school a fun place. With the home visit, students and parents heard the complaint, heard his input and appreciated his ideas.

As a developing country, handling garbage is one of the major problems of the Indonesia's society. Thus, introducing the environmental education (especially, environmental health) could be used as one solution. Therefore, the education on environmental health is needed to gain the awareness of Indonesia's society toward environmental hygiene awareness. In order to support the environmental health education, e-modules can be considered as a tool to spread environmental education. The developed module is designed for Indonesia's society. Here, the developed e-module is tested based on validation of experts, and the implementation to user has been observed, which showed that 84.91% users can accept the modules.

This study discusses the needs of entrepreneurship local content curriculum in Senior High School (SHS) based on the assessment of potential local entrepreneurship resources and relevant competencies needed. There were 20 students and 20 teachers involved in the survey who were selected using purposive sampling method. The need assessment was administered in form of questionnaire and interview to explore the potential entrepreneurship resources and relevance competencies needed for each type of entrepreneurship. The data were further analyzed using percentage and cross tabulation (Chi-squares) statistical methods. There are common competencies needed for running each area of entrepreneurship such as marketing strategy, bookkeeping, financial management, and maximizing customer satisfaction. The above competencies are expected to meet United Nation's The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, especially Goal 4 and Goal 8: (1) To ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all and; (2) Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. The implication of this study is that every school is expected to arrange the scheduling program and provide competent teachers capable of implementing proper teaching and learning processes and mode of delivery system to facilitate the students acquiring competencies needed in entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this research is to clarify the effectiveness of trial of environmental education program based on PBL to teachers and children of elementary schools in multiple cities in Indonesia and to compare before and after program implementation for a certain period of time. From the results of the questionnaire survey conducted for elementary school students, we analyze the relationships among the three items of environmental knowledge, consciousness, and behavior. The surveyed cities are three cities; Bandung, Malang and Batu. At the elementary schools in each city, we implemented the environmental education program prepared by us, in one semester (about 6 months), excluding day off, from November 2015 to June 2016. The effect was verified by conducting questionnaire survey before and after the trial. The questionnaire before the trial was done in October 2015, and the questionnaire after the enforcement was done in August 2016. Although WS being implemented for both the teacher and the students in group A, there was no notable significant difference in terms of awareness and behavior compared to group B and group C. In the item of awareness, Bandung City was significant difference in garbage related questions, and Malang City was significant difference in water related questions.

The purpose of this article is to develop a Gestalt Hypnocounseling Training Modules for improving school counselor skills. By its nature, hypnosis has helped student to increase student self-concept. But the otherhand, School counselors require a simple guide on the implementation of the Gestalt hypnocounseling based. The population in this study is the high school guidance and counseling teachers who participated in the Teachers Council of Guidance and Counseling (MGBK). The sample of this paper is the guidance and counseling teachers who have a background in Educational Psychology and Guidance Bachelor or Bachelor of Guidance and Counseling. Furthermore, to get students who have a particular problem of self-concept, the authors will develop instruments of self-concept (or adaptation). Once the instrument is made, then be distributed to high and junior high school students. Based on the results of this data collection, furthermore, students who have a problem of self-concept will be counseled by teachers who have been trained Gestalt hypnoconseling based. Based on the above description, the conclusion is the development of Gestalt hypnocounseling training modules can be used to help high school counselors in dealing with students, especially the problem of understanding of student self-concept.

The College is an organization that operates based on the needs of the environment therefore PT has a commitment to join the keep environmental conservation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of Environmental Accounting through University Social Responsibility (USR), the results of the analysis of the data shows that the College has a large role in assisting preservation of the environment, especially with the role of Colleges to instill an attitude to students to play a role in the preservation of the environment.

Climate change and its ramifications are evident in the form of global warming and fluctuations. Pakistan is mainly on arid geographical profile and resource scarcity, is among the highly vulnerable countries to climate change. This research is a mixture of agricultural income and biophysical indicators to provide an assessment of gender vulnerability to climate change in north east of Pakistan. A mixed methods technique was carried out and desk study was conducted in order to get a full insight into the agricultural practices and the perceptions of gender. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and an exploration of impacts was made rough in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study was discerned information about Adaptation practices of the community and obstacles faced by women were also scrutinized. A simple random sampling technique was deployed and sample of 101 respondents. Data was tabulated and graphs were made using Microsoft Excel. Statistical Analysis was carried out using R-software, and variance was determined by using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). A highest variance of about (35.7%) was observed in gender role in decision making i.e., land allocations, proposing inequality in property rights. A high majority of respondents (n=81) perceived changing climatic conditions. Responses of major climatic hazards encountered were also reported and high variance of (49.3%) was observed for loss of livestock and money. Maximum level of illiteracy among the family members of respondents was observed (n=241) suggesting less awareness among the inhabitants. Presence of health care facility was reported but a small number (n=39) females received antenatal health care. The study also suggests some recommendation to empowering women and achieving environmental education should be important goals in managing climate change and creating a sustainable future.

The study aims to learn the level of environment literacy of younger-age student at school level. Moreover the descriptive study was used to learn how the lesson leads to student literacy on environment. The questioner (consist of 21 statement) and class observation sheet where used to gain the data. The subjects involved were student from the primary, secondary, and higher schools (totally 124 students). They come from the highest school level at one of the city in West Java-Indonesia. Data were analyzed descriptively. The research shows that student literacy of environment were good in category in all of schools level. In primary school was overall good and categorized high with average 81,22 (lower was 80,37 and higher 82,036). In junior high school level, also overall good and categorized high with average 80,724. The another in senior high school level, also overall good and categorized high with average 79,62. However, the level of environmetal understanding is higher than application and awareness aspects. Nevertheless, the observation come from the learning shows that the learning were not done as it is expected. Based on questioner, most of student said that they learn the environment mostly from non-formal education (through the family or home education). They have knowledge about the environment from both of school and home, but the practices and action was modelled at home. The follow up study is recommended to complete the research, with the larger coverage.

Water consumption in Bandung city is increasing as the impact of population growth and development activities. In 2017, Bandung city water utility only serves 73.13% of its population. Whereas the national target of drinking water services for big cities is 100% in 2019. Management of water resources in Bandung city is required in order to achieve the national target and sustainable water resources. This study aims to analyses the water resources supply and demand management in Bandung city. The study was conducted by analyzing the existing water resources and its potential as well as the city's water demand from domestic sector. Based on the water demand projection, Bandung city water demand will exceed its supply in 2034. The city will not be able to meet the water demand projected if it does not manage both of its water supply and demand. Water resources management in Bandung city is oriented mostly on the supply side. A paradigm shift from conventional water supply management to water demand management is required. Government commitment plays a very important role in the successful implementation of supply and demand management strategies.

The concept of smart-city is to use information and communication technology to efficiently manage assets and resources in order to support sustainable urban environment. Examples of smart-city implementation are the use of ICTs in government systems, energy management, buildings, infrastructure, health services, population, and others. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze existing study of environmental concerns in smart-cities. Search terms with relevant keywords were used to identify appropriate studies. Filtering and scoring techniques were used to obtain relevant studies. 345 papers were obtained from abstract search results, 248 were successfully downloaded. 14 manuscripts pass abstract filtering and quality assessment, it included into analysis phases. Environmental concern is an integral part of smart city management. Some smart-city frameworks have identified environmental factors that must be considered. The majority of studies focus on areas of resource, governance, and urban infrastructure. In general, the application of smart-cities that focus on resource and urban infrastructure will have a positive impact on the environment. This can be maximized by smart-cities governance that supports environmental policy.

The aim of this research is to know the pattern of clean water consumption at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI). The study was conducted in three lecture buildings. Observations and measurements are made based on changes in water level reservoir once every hour for 10 days respectively. The first building was a FPOK building consisting of 5 floors with 37 staff rooms and 19 lecture halls. The second is the FPBS building consisting of 5 floors with 1 basement with 39 staff rooms and 33 lecture halls. The third is the FPEB building consisting of 6 floors with 10 laboratory rooms and 20 lecture halls. All buildings are equipped with men's and women's toilets on each floor. The result show that the peak hour factor for the three buildings, respectively, is 2.269; 1.909; 3.09 and the maximum daily factor is 1.058; 1.079; 1.06. The highest peak hour factor occurred in the FPEB building because the water use every hour is quite high and tend to occur during rest and prayer. Significant differences occur in the peak hour factor rather than the maximum daily factor because of the same characteristics of the three buildings with different hour-to-hour but same day-to-day activities.

Rivers located in urban areas in Indonesia, frequently suffer by severe pollution caused by the waste of people activities who directly disposed into the river without prior processing. Therefore it is necessary to study the improvement efforts that can be conducted in order to recover the condition of the river, especially considering the water quality problem. This study was prepared to identify the important efforts to manage the urban river water quality. The study was initiated by learning how the Kitakyushu City, Japan improved the quality of its river. The next step is to conduct a focus group discussion of stakeholders in Bandung City as a case study of this urban river improvement. The Cikapundung River is selected as the location of the study, in connection with the Citarum River as its main river. In-depth interviews were also conducted to explore in detail the efforts that can be applied in big cities in Indonesia in managing the quality of river water. Based on this study, there are 3 main efforts that can be conducted, i.e. the facility development of domestic sewage treatment by the government, strict law enforcement and continuous education for the community.

The aims of the paper are to describe improving environmental monitoring action to create sustainable societies especially for they who live near garbage center in Cities of East Java, Indonesia. Garbage center is to be considered as the object of this research because there are potentially conflicts interest between communities and government. In Indonesia, the garbages are mostly placed in a wide-open area called landfill, where carbon dioxide and methane gas could be produced by decomposition process. It could bring out increasing the GHG. Here, environmental monitoring action for community was studied to improve the awareness by sharing data of monitoring environment conditions to the community surrounding garbage center.

Construction industry in the City of Bandar Lampung is a big industry and at an increasing trend. Industrial construction generates considerable amount of construction waste where the volume reaches four times of the household waste. With the increased cost of waste disposal as well as the capacity of city's final waste dump site of Bakung will not be able to accommodate municipal solid waste in the near future; it is important to implement construction waste management. This paper presents the study on contractors' perception on construction waste management. The perceptions were gathered through opinion survey to contractors that carrying out new construction, renovation and demolition projects in the City of Bandar Lampung in 2017. The respondents are professionals in construction projects that were selected based on purposive sampling represented contractors from both private and government owned companies. The questions asked consist of questions with open and closed questions. The result expecting from this study is to understand how the characteristics of project impact the benefits of implementing a construction waste management plan. Therefore, maximizing these factors can maximize the benefits.

There are negative sides of city expansions and rapid urbanization such as the decline of green open space, pollution, natural disaster, etc. Hortipark Lampung as an urban horticulture is one of the solutions for those bad effects of urbanization especially in Lampung Province. The planning of Hortipark Lampung was designed for harvest, open space creation, aesthetic, architectural, recreational and psychological purposes. In designing the Hortipark Lampung, existing condition of proposed site was observed. Some approaches also were applied in designing Hortipark; (1) environmental approach, (2) tourism approach and (c) educational approach. By comparing the urban concept and related theories and applying optimization approach the new design of Hortipark Lampung was proposed.

One of the problems of an urban area is the existence of many pockets of slum area, which certainly raises many problems for the local government and the general public. Slum housing greatly affects the environment and community sanitation, as well as urban planning. To detect slum housing problems, it is necessary to have an integrated computer information system, especially one that can be used for mature planning and able to combine spatial information system and information called the Geographic Information System (GIS). This information system is equipped with Decision Support System to recommend the determination of slum areas using the Fuzzy AHP method. Fuzzy AHP is a method that is an amalgamation of Fuzzy method and AHP method. The fuzzy type used was Fuzzy Triangle Number. The fuzzy value was defined for each alternative on each criterion using the linear membership function down, ascending the triangle as an approximation to obtain the degree of membership. The output of this system is a recommendation ranking of slum locations based on predetermined criteria.

This study was aimed to identify the role of waste bank to reduce waste production and to provide economic value to the community, and also to increase the capacity of waste bank so that it will increase the economic value of the community. This research was conducted in waste bank in Medan. The data collected was primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were interviews and observations. The data analysis method used was descriptive method. The results of this study indicated that the role of waste banks in increasing the economic value for people in Medan is still low. So it was needed to increase the capacity of the role of waste banks to perform more leverage by receiving more waste in the community. In its operation, the management of waste bank is still constrained to the limitations of human resources competence, organizational and financial management. Finally, the role of government in accompanying the performance of waste bank in order to have synergy between waste bank, vendor, and financial institution is required.

A research in the laboratory about soil compaction is done using a hammer device, known as a standard proctor method and a modified proctor. Both methods use human strength to solidify the soil. This research is done well, because the compaction load and compactor height fall according to the research. Researchers tried to design and make a soil compactor with the same mold measure from standard proctor method but the compacting method use a hydraulic jack. So that the compressive strength and the energy can be measure to each layer. Thus the compacting energy can be measured and adjusted as needed. In addition, these results of compaction using a hydraulic jack will compare the soil compaction energy with standard proctor methods. The advantages of this new equipment can measure the compaction energy and dry density values. The research used modified press compactor test of 4 different pressures are 5 N/m²; 10 N/m²; 15 N/m² and 20 N/m². For every pressure conducted for 3 soil samples. After, the researcher will compare the soil compaction energy by standard proctor methode, new pressure test apparatus and with vehicle wheel pressure for soil compaction in the field.

Medana bay located in North Lombok District and administratively located in Medana Village. Located in small island, climate change impact become a serious threat to sustainability of society livelihood and ecosystem. One of the impact was sea level rise in which analyzed by using the sea level anomaly data from altimetry satellite of AVISO. the satelite data became a baseline data to produce and extracted into a trend graphic of sea level rise using Ocean Data View Model. Furthermore, sea level projection conducted by using tidal data which obtained through the Wxtide software to produce the statistic data from monitoring station of geophysics, climatology and meteorology bureau. Sea level projection analyzed by simple linker regression of Least Square. Sea level rise in Medana Bay area is 0.19 m or 19 cm during this 20 years from 1994 to 2014. It shows the increase is about 0.0096 m or 0.96 cm per year. Based on the data analysis due to 2100, the sea level will increase by 0.29 m or 29 cm since 1994. The result of simple method projection analysis then validate by SRESS Model of IPCC projection. The result between 2 methods are nearly equal.

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of raw materials and plastic waste thermal cracking solid products at Klotok Landfill Kediri City, through proximate values (water content, volatile matter, and ash content) and the values of heat; liquid, solid, and gas products as an alternative energy source; molecular quality of liquid hydrocarbon products; and the availability of plastic waste as the raw material of the product in meeting the required fuel amount for operating landfill machinery. The raw materials came from the highest types of plastic waste generations in Klotok Kediri Landfill, namely other plastics: HDPE: PP with the variation A, B, and C ratios of 75: 12.5 : 12.5; 12.5 : 75 : 12.5; and 12.5 : 12.5 : 75. This research used the thermal cracking method with Tripod 4M reactor of 1 kilogram capacity with the combustion temperature of 300-400°C for 45 minutes. The proximate and raw material calorific values, as well as products of variations A, B, and C met the standards of Turkey RDF, lignite coal, European Standard, market fuel, and solid products have better quality than the Thailand RDF, making it a potential candidate for use as fuel. The highest percentage of liquid product was produced in variation C with 78.422%, and the highest solid and gas product yields was produced by composition A with 28.578% and 46.690%. The molecular quality of the liquid hydrocarbons in each variation has an aromatic content of 1.04% and the distribution of C atoms of > 50%, indicating its feasibility to be used as a gasoline fuel to meet the total energy consumption for the landfill operating machines. The minimum amount of plastic waste in the landfill to meet the total energy consumption is 20,087.14 kg/day.

This research was conducted to determine the effect of vegetable waste extract concentration, fermentation time, and the effect of its combination on ethanol content using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This research used a complete randomized design with a factorial test consisting of two factors. The first factor is the vegetable waste extract concentration (100, 75, 50, and 25%). The second factor is the fermentation time (3, 6, 9, and 12 days). There were 16 treatments, each of which was performed 3 times. The dependent variable is ethanol content, while the control variables are pH, temperature, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration of 10%. The measurement of reducing sugar used the luff method and the measurement of ethanol content used the pycnometry method. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by the Duncan test on the difference between the treatments of waste extract concentrations and fermentation times. The results indicate that the concentration of vegetable waste extract, fermentation time, and its combination affect bioethanol production. The highest ethanol content was obtained at 100% vegetable waste extract concentration. The optimal time to produce ethanol is 9 days. The most optimal combination is at 100% concentration and 9 days of fermentation time with 4.40%.

This paper describes miles of developing electrical energy saving in State University of Malang. There are many methods that could be integrated to the electrical energy saving. It started from developing prototype for controlling a small number of devices until implementing for huge devices. In order to improve the method of energy saving, operational expense of electrical devices was added. Furthermore, introducing to optimization process was studied in this paper by developing a prototype. These implementations were studied for implementing as a pilot project at Building of G4 at State University of Malang. It showed that the system could be used appropriately.

Development of a rotary kiln reactor for pyrolytic oil production from waste tire has been successfully fabricated and tested. The reactor has been designed with the diameter and length of 260 mm and 400 mm respectively. The reactor was equipped with the lifter which has a segment length of 28 mm. The pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a semi-batch rotary kiln reactor and carried out at the temperature of 300°C. The materials used in this experiment is waste tire collected from the local recycling company. This study aims to investigate the effect of rotational speed and lifter presence on the product distribution and oil characteristics including viscosity, density, and heating value. From the preliminary result of the experiment, it can be seen that the rotational speed and lifter affect the product distribution and oil characteristics. The experiment without lifter shows that at the rotational speed of 15 rpm produced highest liquid product. However, the liquid product produced in this experiment is still low in all condition. The use of lifter reduced the liquid and solid products while the gaseous product increases. The viscosity, density, and heating value of the oil still acceptable for using it in the engine.

The results of the study of synthesis nano graphene from pyrolysis of tartaric acid compound obtained 29.8% yield. Crystallinity of nano graphene was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and showed peak 2θ at 23.15° from the diffractogram. Nano graphene from tartaric acid has a particle size of 1 nm by the result of atomic force microscopy analysis. The photoluminescent properties were measured using spectrofluorometer with a 405 nm Diode Laser producing a peak at wavelength of 403.1 nm (blue region). Nano graphene maintain its stability in the pH range of 3-12 as well as on the addition of salt with concentration of 0.15 M; 0.30 M; and 0.50 M for 24 hours.

Globally, Landfill is still the most common method for waste disposal. In most developing countries, the landfill has received municipal waste without going through any separation, even intermediate treatment. Landfill sites have become hidden treasure full of resources. Jatibarang Landfill in Semarang City, Indonesia has been operated since 1992 and received 800 tons of waste daily. This research investigates the characteristic of excavated waste from Jatibarang Landfill. Excavation method was used to obtain a sample from the landfill. The sample will be characterized by its composition and size distribution. Organic waste dominated the composition of waste coming to the landfill, but it was altered after decomposition process in the landfill. Most materials were decomposed and only left the inert material as a majority, undecomposable organic and plastic in the second and third place. It shows that landfill play a significant role in waste decomposition, and by that, there is a possibility to recover recyclable materials or produce solid fuel from the residue.

One of environmentally friendly fuel is biodiesel, where the raw material for its manufacture comes from vegetable oils. In the process of biodiesel development, raw materials can come from waste such as waste cooking oil or commonly referred to as jelantah. The ability of biodiesel that can replace existing diesel or diesel fuel, becomes a big potential to be developed on an industrial scale. Biodiesel is made by reacting an alcohol with vegetable oil with the addition of an alkaline catalyst. The reaction of biodiesel took place inside a three-neck flask equipped with a stirring motor as well as a waterbath. Variables used in this research are a variation of stirring speed starting from 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 rpm. Determination method of biodiesel component using GC-MS analysis, as well as analysis of fuel characteristics and heat test. The results showed that used cooking oil materials have low FFA content that is below 2% so it can be directly processed into biodiesel. At 500 rpm stirring speed produces 150 ml of biodiesel and 94.70% yield of biodiesel from 150 ml of cooking oil with biodiesel characteristics produced in accordance with the requirements of biodiesel quality in the National Standardization Agency 2012 document with the calorific value of biodiesel 8609,7956 calories / gram.

Public understanding on biomass energy has been considered as an important factor in the implementation of biomass energy technology. However, there have been a few literatures that have demonstrated public understandability and reaction toward information on the utilization of biomass waste into energy especially for electricity generation. This paper shows understandability of 195 university students toward information on electricity generation from biomass retrieved from newspapers and their perception on whether or not the information is useful in explaining the technology. University students are considered as key actor in technology implementation since they have potential in both technology improvement and implementation into society, such as involvement in R&D activities as their bachelor project or thesis and in-community service program by technology engagement. This paper also highlights how students whose non-exact science background may differ in understandability and usefulness from that of science exact backgrounds. Although students with exact science background have more potential in technology improvement of biomass energy in the future, those with non-exact science background also have more potential in supporting the implementation by public education and campaigns.

Triple bottom line is a movement to inspire entities in developing and harmonizing social, environment, and economy to run their business. This paper aims to see the impact of implementing Eco-efficiency and Eco-innovation to environmental performance. Environmental performance in this article appears from the PROPER value of each company (category gold, green, blue, red, and black) as one of Indonesian nomination in environment performance. Furthermore, activities Eco-efficiency and Eco-innovation is seen in the presence of disclosure of such activity in the sustainability report (yes/no). Data Analysis Method using multinomial logistic to see about Eco-efficiency and Eco-innovation impact to increasing environmental performance. This model is rarely applied in the case of environmental performance. These research results show details both of each environmental performance criteria and the whole value of environmental performance indices of eco-efficiency and eco-innovation. Processed data results still gift a variety value in range 2013 - 2015 years from each environmental performance category. The advantages of this method are in each category; it can search an effect of Eco-efficiency and Eco-innovation to environmental performance indeed. This research was giving feedback to the corporates that Eco-efficiency and Eco-innovation actions could increase the environmental performance value

Waste sector contributes on greenhouse gasses (GHGs) including from waste transportation. As it significantly contributes to the total cost, municipality is most concerned on waste transportation. The paper aims to analyze the role of waste compaction facility to reduce the GHGs emission reduction. Through a sampling procedure for 8 consecutively days, total waste collected from the service area to the compaction facility was 122.35 m³ d⁻¹ with waste density of 103.27 kg m⁻³. In order to transport all amount of waste to final disposal site located about 45 km from central of Bandung City, Indonesia it requires at least 8 trucks for 2 trips with waste density at truck of 200 kg m⁻³. Waste compaction results the increasing waste density up to 350 kg m⁻³. Thus, the truck required for waste transportation becomes 4 trucks. By assuming fuel efficiency of 5 km per litre of diesel and using emission factor published by DEFRA of UK (2.67 kg CO₂ eq. per litre), it is found that total GHG emission reduction due to operational of waste compaction is 40% (from 720.9 into 432.54 kg CO₂ eq. daily). In fact, the GHGs emission is reduced more when considering the traffic jam along way to final disposal site.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) gives significant contributions to building design fields. Building ventilation is the most common problem to simulate in CFD software. 2D and 3D simulation can be used to simulate cross ventilation within the building. ANSYS Fluent is commonly used CFD software, and it has been used in this study to assess the environment of an atrium building under buoyancy-driven natural ventilation and wind-driven natural ventilation. Buoyancy is one of the main forces driving flows. Buoyancy effect happened when the moving fluid is lighter or heavier than surrounding fluid. This paper will elaborate the use of ANSYS Fluent in assessment the environmental performance of a building. Some cases on a building were set in this study. The aim is to simulate accurately buoyancy-driven air flow inside a building for natural ventilation, visualize and analyse simulation results, provide architectural/engineering solution to natural ventilation of buildings. Cooler air appears from ceilings and creates cooling to the room down. Meanwhile, solar chimney generates wind flow across the building due to temperature differences within the chimney.

The Brantas River has vital functions, such as being a source of drinking water, as a cultivation facility, as a means of transportation, as a recreation area, and as a conservation site. Therefore, there needs to be a system that can monitor the water quality of Brantas River. The purpose of this research was to develop a prototype of the Brantas River geographic information system dashboard as a water quality monitoring system. The research stages included area study, wireless sensor network selection, system architecture design, physical data modelling, system application module development, and system implementation. The research prototype can be used as a real-time water quality monitoring system with good results from testing evaluation.

This research aims to know waste volume, waste composition, and emission reduction through sorting and without sorting at Superdepo Sutorejo Waste Processing Unit (TPS), Surabaya. The calculation of waste volume and composition was carried out in accordance with SNI 19-3964-1994, while the calculation of carbon dioxide emission was based on the United States-Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA). The results showed that the solid waste volume in Superdepo Sutorejo Waste Processing Unit was 0.7 kg/person/day with organic waste composition percentage of 63%, plastic waste of 15.22%, paper of 5.36%, aluminium of 2.22%, glass of 1.31%, rubber 0.78%, and residual waste of 12.09%. Carbon dioxide emission without waste sorting was amounted to 9,087.05 MTCO2E/year while carbon dioxide emissions through waste sorting was amounted to 8,512.5 MTCO2E/year. Therefore, the sorting at 3R Superdepo Sutorejo Waste Processing Unit (TPS) Surabaya could store the emission of carbon dioxide by 6.3%.

This study aims to know the total profit gained as the third party's saving effort as waste processor from the utilization of foundry sand paper sludge as the raw material of red brick without burning. There are variations of the composition of the raw materials to get the red brick product with the quality of 50, that is A, B, and F. the calculations are obtained from the red brick production calculation data from 5% subtraction of the amount of paper sludge and foundry sand needed to meet production needs, production cost calculation data from consumables material which is being used in the making process of red brick without burning, calculation of waste fees data by the third party, third's party economic benefits and total profits calculation data as effort of saving by the third party. So, the total profit obtained by producing A variation is IDR841.803.600,00; B IDR471.602.500,00; and for F is IDRp556.641.900,00.