Table of contents

Within the framework of the presented material, the results of the conducted II International scientific and practical conference "Actual problems of the energy complex: mining, production, transmission, processing and environmental protection".

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering has been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double-blind

• Conference submission management system:

1. Sending materials to the organizers of the conference;

2. Verification of compliance with the subject of the conference;

3. Checking materials for plagiarism using two systems;

4. Submitting for double blind review;

5. Checking the quality of translation of the article into English;

6. Checking for the correct design of materials;

7. Submission of materials to the Publisher.

• Number of submissions received: 53

• Number of submissions sent for review: 53

• Number of submissions accepted: 39

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 74%

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 10

• Any additional info on review process: To be accepted for publication, the material must have the following requirements: compliance with the conference theme; a high level of originality of the text (at least 80%); positive expertise of reviewers; good level of English and well-formed material.

• Contact person for queries: Ruslan V Lutoshkin (lrv@ridlaw.ru)

The article examines methods for monitoring the operation of oil-filled transformers and identifies methods for evaluating the state of the transformer using a fuzzy logic device. Solutions for remote analysis of transformer operation have been formed. The methods that were used for diagnostics are presented. Conclusions are drawn on which equipment is more effective for diagnostics of power transformers.

The ways of increasing the energy efficiency of the use of renewable energy sources are considered. The descriptions of universal energy complexes that simultaneously use converters of various types: solar rays, wind flows into electrical energy, patented at SKGMI (GTU) are given. The prospect of using renewable energy sources for autonomous power supply of objects in mountainous regions has been substantiated.

The influence of the distance from the arc to the walls in the entire range of arc steel-making furnaces with a capacity from 0.5 to 120 tons on the efficiency of arcs and specific power consumption in the furnaces was investigated. In low-tonnage arc steel-making furnaces, the arcs are close to the walls and the efficiency of the arcs is small and amounts to 30-35%, and the specific power consumption for melting is 650 kWh/t. In heavy-duty steel-arc furnaces, the arcs are located far from the walls, the efficiency of the arcs is 46-49% in the absence of a slag layer, and the specific energy consumption for melting is 375-385 kWh/t.

This work presents a developments of a single integrated solution for the process automation of oilfield service companies that allows organizing production and management systems in a single information space. The analysis of the main factors and causes that affect the occurrence of production losses, and their consequences. In the scope of this work, algorithms for solving individual automation problems that are interconnected into certain algorithm modules have been developed. The results of the integration analysis of modern ERP automation systems are presented, in particular, their level of adaptation to the stages of the product life cycle, compliance with standards and safety requirements, and the complexity of the transition to an automated system. Possible risks of the implementation of the algorithms were also assessed, describing an applied importance of the development of a single production control algorithm. Further, an evaluation of main advantages and economic effect of the introduction of process control automation system at the company manufacturing oil country tubular goods is presented.

The article proposes digital phase modulation and correlation processing of pulsed ultrasonic signals for the turbulent gas flows monitoring. Estimates of errors in measuring the relative time delay of ultrasonic pulses during multipath propagation and their interference in the receiver were made. The data obtained from the experiment show that the relative pulse delay measured in a turbulent gas flow has a resolution exceeding tenths of the carrier frequency period. As an example the possibilities of turbulence's quantitative control the air flow boundaries of a fan are shown. The perspectives to use the developed software and hardware in flow meters and other ultrasonic control and measuring devices are discussed.

Arctic regions are known to be characterized by a situation when the cash costs associated with the heat power production for heat supply overshoot the heat power tariff. Therefore, part of the financial burden placed on the government by way of subsidizing the fossil fuel purchase and delivery to the settlements of the Arctic regions. Through the example the Tsypnavolok settlement, which is located in one of such regions, wind power plants using for heat supply are shown to be considered as a measure to reduce the government financial burdens. For Tsypnavolok the cost of power produced by the wind power plant revealed by calculations is amount to 67.02 USD/Gcal. This is not so many as the average heat tariff (67.9 USD/Gcal). At such heat supply indexes, wind power plants are not only to reduce the government financial burdens, but also to bring an extra income.

The gas and oil industries are high-tech industries that are based on modern advances in science and technology. This contributed to the development of the control system and the increase in the level of automation of the oil refining process. At a refinery, which is complex production, a process control system plays a key role. There is a need to provide continuous and error-free control, safe and stable operation of the system. One of the perspectives in control systems is neural networks. They can implement any desired process of a non-linear control algorithm with an incomplete, inaccurate description of the control object, and also provide easily implemented adaptation with unstable statistics. This article presents the development of a control system with a neural network adjustment of the reflux fluid flow rate and the top temperature of the column and a comparison with the number of deviations from the norm of the process parameters under the control of the neuroregulator and under the control of the PID controller. Block diagrams of a control system with a neural network controller and a PID controller are compiled. The expediency of using a neural network controller to control the object is substantiated. A mathematical model of the control object was developed taking into account its inherent internal relationships between the parameters of the technological mode and taking into account the influence of external disturbing factors. Processing of the research results was carried out using the software package "MatLab".

The article provides literature data on sintering inorganic substances in an electromagnetic field, shows the prospects for research in this direction. The results of sintering samples from masses based on natural compositions: marl, low-melting loam and diatomite with carbonate additives in a microwave oven are considered. The possibility of sintering in a microwave field of natural raw materials, which is traditional for the production of many fired ceramic products, has been established. The phase compositions of the fired materials have been determined. The composition of sintered compositions, consisting of nanoscale phases, has been established. The effect on the sintering process of the composition of the raw material composition from the carbonate component, diatomite and the addition of NaCl salt is shown. Samples from a mass based on marl, with the addition of diatomite and NaCl salt show high quality and increased strength of the samples, the presence of a large percentage of the amorphous phase in the fired sample, and a uniform microstructure of the material. Specimens from masses based on clay with the addition of chalk and NaCl salt after firing in the microwave field showed a significant increase in strength.

The comprehensive review article was carried out to present an overview of the tritium radioactivity concentrations in different components of observed freshwater ecosystems, primarily underground water (for drinking) and precipitation in People's Republic of Bangladesh. Most of the reported data have been obtained using either ³ He in-growth technique which is an indirect method or using direct method with liquid scintillation counter. The results of the radio-ecological monitoring of environment in Bangladesh show that the tritium content in groundwater, precipitation and river water vary from 0-25 TU, 5-10 TU and 5-10 TU respectively. Around proposed Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant site, tritium radionuclide concentration of 6.7-17.6 TU, <25.2 TU, <25.2 TU and 3.4-10.1 TU were obtained for surface water of Padma, bottom sediments, aquatic flora and drinking water respectively. Globally, the natural and technogenic background of tritium is assumed to be 2.2 ± 0.7 Bq/L (18.5 ± 5.9 TU) and 5 Bq/L (42.0 TU) respectively. Henceforth, the investigation authenticated that the tritium content in all samples is below cut-off point that requires intervention. The results obtained during the radio-ecological studies allow for subsequent evaluation of radiation doses and radiological health hazards that organisms/people experience due to the anthropogenic changes of background radiation in the studied regions.

The article discusses the features of constructing a mathematical model of a memristor, one of the components of quantum computing systems, in the finite increments of its parameters. A modification of the basic set of elements for the design of nanoelectronic circuits with the addition of a memristor as one of the components is described. As a result of the modification, a mathematical model of an electric multipole with memresistive branches in the finite increments of its parameters is constructed.

In this article, a mathematical model of an electric multipole with memresistive branches is developed when operating under conditions of interval uncertainty in the mode of a small signal on alternating current.

This article discusses a method for obtaining a mathematical model of an electric multipole with memresistive branches in finite parameter increments for a large signal mode when calculating a direct current based on a generalized model obtained earlier. A computational algorithm for calculating nanoelectronic circuits based on methods of interval arithmetic is also given.

This article discusses a method for obtaining a mathematical model of an electric multipole with memresistive branches in finite parameter increments for a large signal mode in time domain calculation when calculating a direct current based on a generalized model obtained earlier. A computational algorithm for calculating nanoelectronic circuits based on methods of interval arithmetic is also given.

The Kemerovo Region development strategy until 2035, updated in September 2020, is a forecast of the global technological leadership of Kuzbass, diversification of transport communications with other regions and states, adaptation to the conditions of the 2019 coal industry crisis. To solve these strategic tasks, coal mining and processing enterprises must balance their fuel portfolio and look for new ways to market their products, including the possibility of using production waste. Within the framework of the research carried out by the team of authors: the ecological, technological and economic advantages of using a coal-water suspension as a fuel component have been systematized; identified potential areas of its application; an analysis of the world experience of transporting coal through pipelines was carried out; a proposal was formulated for a project for the construction of the Kuzbass-Ural pipeline for the supply of coal-water fuel to Western Siberia and the Eastern Urals, and the advantages and disadvantages of coal hydrotransportation in comparison with its railroad delivery were identified.

It has been established that the problem of using applied low-depth geophysical technologies to ensure the sustainability of industrial and civil construction in Kuzbass is as follows: on the one hand, there is a significant increase in measurement accuracy and efficiency, and on the other hand, there is the absence of new models that allow interpretation of not only base soils and geological objects, but also their condition. The research provides a generalization of practical experience in creating physical and geological models. Based on the studies, it was found that applied shallow geophysical technologies are more informative and automated than traditional ones. The practical use of this theory is to ensure the sustainability of industrial and civil construction, and, consequently, the development of the Kuzbass territory.

A system of differential equations of mass transfer with an interfacial mass source for multicomponent distillation in a column with random and structured packings in the film mode is presented. The interfacial source is associated with the matrix of volumetric mass transfer coefficients as well as a driving force for mass transfer. The diffusion fluxes of mass of components are written in the form of Fick's law with elements of the matrix of coefficients of molecular diffusion in the gas (vapor) phase. To simplify the mathematical model, one dimensional equations for the diffusion model of the structure of flows in the gas and liquid phases with the interfacial sources and coefficients of back (longitudinal) mixing of gas and liquid flows are used. The Dankwerts boundary conditions are applied to the system of equations. To calculate the back mixing coefficients, experimental data obtained for the selected types of packings are used. When modelling mass transfer in hydrocarbon mixtures consisting of several dozen components, the system of equations for the diffusion models is solved for the key components and fractions of the oil and gas condensate (OGC) mixture stabilization column at an industrial enterprise. A brief description of the technological scheme is given. Scientific and technical solutions are developed to replace obsolete sieve trays in the stabilizer column with a new structured corrugated roll packing having a rough surface. It is found that a packing height of eight meters is sufficient for separating OGC in a given composition range. As a result of implementation of the new packing, the content of isopentane in the stable condensate decreases and its concentration in the broad fraction of light hydrocarbons increases from 9 wt.% to 11.7 wt.%. The implementation of packing in the stabilizer column meets the requirements of the technical specifications.

A description of the technological scheme of the unit for separating the fraction of vacuum gas oil (FVG) is given, where the process of separation of heavy gas oil from FVG takes place in the column. The main focus of the work is on the design of a distillation column using the new structured roll packing. The fractional composition of the feedstock, by-product, light gas oil, and the target product, which is heavy gas oil, is presented. Requirements for the design of a structured packing in terms of pressure drop and separation efficiency are formulated. A structured roll packing with corrugations and rough surface having specific surface area of 300 m²/m³ is chosen. The diagram and photograph of the packing are presented. Comparative values of specific pressure drop for several structured packings are given. It is shown that the selected packing provides the lowest hydraulic resistance. For mathematical modeling and calculation of the multicomponent distillation process, a system of mass transfer equations with interfacial bulk sources of transfer components is used. In this case, for the conditional component, a fraction at the specified boiling points is used. As a result of solving the system of equations with boundary conditions, the profiles of the fractions along the height of the packed bed are found and the structural characteristics of the structured packing are selected that meet the requirements for the top and bottom of the column. Calculations of a vacuum distillation column with this packing are carried out and it is found that the bed height of 6 meters is sufficient to meet the requirements for the fractional composition of the upper and lower products, while meeting the pressure drop requirements. The developed scientific and technical solutions have been implemented at a refinery in Malaysia and correspond to the technical specifications for the design of the unit.

Based on the analysis of the methods of greenhouse gas stations used for environmental pollution, their systematization into a single mechanism for ensuring environmental safety at various levels is presented: from the state level to the technological system. The content of the constructed mechanism for substantiating the need for the interdependent functioning of its elements. The peculiarity of the proposed mechanism is that it contains elements that ensure the safety of the environment, guaranteeing the means and methods of implementing environmental protection issues.

The paper presents the rationale and the problem of forming a probabilistic model of single-phase electricity consumers. To solve the problem, the corresponding mathematical apparatus is stated and the ontology of experiment planning is developed. The applicability of the prepared ontology was demonstrated on a specific example of an open dataset from the Intelligent Systems Subcommittee (ISS) IEEE. At the same time, the authors identified the characteristic modes of energy consumption for a particular residential building and data sets for direct construction of a probabilistic model of single-phase electricity consumers with total data loss caused by filtering less than 10%.

A prototype of an intelligent electronic device in the form of a software and hardware complex has been developed and tested, which provides identification of modes, automatic maintenance of optimal (quasi-optimal) voltage levels in the distribution network of the controlled area, automatic coordinated control of voltage regulation means and reactive power compensation means, FACTS devices, storage devices, generation, active consumers based on the involved components of the concepts of "virtual power plant" and "Internet of energy", automatic reconfiguration of the electrical network in normal mode. The results of numerical experiments on simulation models and physical measurements at operating facilities of the electric power industry confirm the reliability of the scientific and practical provisions presented in the article.

The article presents the results of the analysis of statistical data on accidents at the facilities of the main pipeline gas transportation for the period from 2008 to 2018. It has been established that the dynamics of accident rates has a cyclical wave-like character. In the course of analyzing information on accidents that occurred during the study period, groups of the main causes of accidents in the main pipeline gas transportation were identified. In addition, in the course of the study, the nature of the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking was studied in detail, and the root factors that led to the occurrence of accidents for this reason were identified. With the help of regression analysis, a functional relationship was established between the number of accidents due to corrosion destruction and hidden defects, which included defects of the pipe manufacturer and defects in construction and installation works.

This article is devoted to the study of the environmental load of decentralized energy facilities using the example of furnace heating in Chita. Existing residential and non-residential buildings heated with household stoves and low-power boilers increase the environmental burden on the environment. There are tendencies to switch to long-burning boilers. An analytical assessment of the change in the amount of emissions of the main pollutants when changing the operating modes of boilers is presented. Mechanisms for solving problems are proposed.

This report presents the results of field and experimental studies of water-physical properties of soils of oil-contaminated floodplain ecosystems of the mid-taiga subzone of Western Siberia. Features and basic patterns of their change in various contamination zones (epicenter - impact zone) are revealed. The state of water-physical properties of technologically contaminated soils is compared with background counterparts. Recommendations on the use of basic soil-hydrological constants (range of active moisture, wilting moisture, and field moisture capacity) in the technology of phytomelioration are suggested. Study objective: to analyze characteristics of the impact of oil pollution on water-physical properties of alluvial soils and the possibility of using obtained data for the purposes of remediation works.

This article describes the concept of building a digital twin of the distributed generation (DG) plant operating on based on a synchronous generator with a fuzzy auto-tuning unit for automatic voltage regulator and automatic speed regulator. The structure of the digital twin is represented as a hierarchal fuzzy model built using experimental data. Programmatically implemented algorithms for optimization of term aggregations membership functions and numerals from knowledge base rules. The results of experiments on obtaining an optimized neuro-fuzzy model for regulating the generator rotor frequency are presented. The proposed algorithms can be used in further research on the construction of a digital twin of the DG plant, as well as for solving the problem of automatic regulators tuning.

In this paper is presented hydro-geodynamics and geodynamics in hydrocarbon fields by example of the Southern Cis-Urals. Seismicity and geodynamics induced by hydrocarbon production by summarizing the published case studies are considered. Changes in hydro-and gas dynamics affect changes in the geodynamics of the crust. Natural and technogenic changes in subsoil of the Earth Crust are usually entail deformations and tectonic movements of earth's surface, which is one of the important factors determining environmental changes and requiring attention in geotechnical survey and field development. The method of classification of the geodynamic state of the developed hydrocarbon fields of the oil and gas basin refers to the field of analysis of geophysical processes, its field of application: identification of the geodynamic state of productive strata and developed hydrocarbon fields of the oil and gas basin, identification of dangerous geodynamic processes, selection of a rational mode development of hydrocarbon fields. The predominant field of application is the classification of geodynamic state of the developed hydrocarbon fields of the oil and gas basin.

The article gives a brief analysis of some of the benefits provided by Renewable Technology, the ways in which they differ from traditional sources of electrical energy, an overview of the regulatory bodies and the general rules that govern the wholesale electricity market in Russia, the functioning of generation capacity of trading market. Then the mechanisms that exist to encourage market participants to accurately predict supply and demand will be outlined below. Finally, a short description of some other measures that maybe taken in the future to support the growth of the Russian Renewable Energy are to be examined.

China's oil consumption in 2020 faced multifaceted impact of numerous factors, namely COVID-19 global spread, decrease of industrial production and hydrocarbon consumption, global consumption market shrinking etc. Power production is set as one of the sectors, most crucial for implementation two-stage plan for China's socialist modernization by 2050. This strategy's major task is decreasing of coal overwhelming consumption in favor of hydrocarbons. Importing three-quarters of consumed oil, China forms leading trends in global oil transportation, par excellence, for its leading partners: Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. 2020' decrease in oil consumption has had negative impact not only on energy sector per se, but also simultaneously on the wide spectrum of industrial production on a par with transportation, for example, coastal port logistics. Nevertheless, both upstream and downstream oil sectors could rebound post-COVID fast recovery in coming months, which helps to avoid endangering China's long-term plans of development.

Distributed Generation (DG) is a global trend and it is actively spreading in Russia. In contrast to Western countries, the main incentive for the spread of DG in Russia is the desire of industrial owners to reduce the final cost of electricity. DG in Russia can successfully meet the challenge of supplying electricity to isolated and inaccessible areas and replacing outdated and inefficient generation. The widespread use of DG, including those based on renewable energy sources (RES) makes it necessary to create promising models for the inclusion of DG in the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia. The paper deals with the efficiency of DG, analyses the application of this technology in Russia formulates the prospects for the development of DG in Russia and gives recommendations for the integration of DG.

Energy facilities are sources of noise impact. One of the most powerful sources of constant noise at such facilities is power boilers and draft machines, which emit noise into the surrounding area from air intakes and chimney mouths. To reduce noise from them, dissipative plate-type silencers are mainly used. In many cases, the installation in gas and air ducts of typical dissipative plate noise silencers consisting of plates with flat sidewalls does not provide the required acoustic efficiency with a limited length of the plates and the requirement for low aerodynamic resistance. In this regard, an urgent direction of scientific research is the development of new approaches to improve the acoustic characteristics of dissipative noise mufflers. The article presents the results of field tests of the acoustic efficiency of a dissipative plate noise muffler, consisting of patented noise suppression elements. The comparison of the obtained efficiency of the muffler from the proposed elements of noise suppression with the efficiency of the known designs of plate mufflers is carried out.

A significant part of hydrocarbon reserves during development remains in the reservoir in the restrained volumes of the pore space. In depletion-mode formations, bypassed zones of hydrocarbons not affected by displacement can also form. The paper describes laboratory methods that can be used to estimate the amount of remaining restrained hydrocarbons and their distribution in the reservoir.

This article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of using liquid biofuels to mitigate environmental pollution and stabilize the economy in countries where there is a shortage of natural resources that are energy carriers. To this end, the authors considered the positive and negative aspects of using biofuels as a mixture, including bioethanol or biodiesel. In addition, the article includes an analysis of the situation in Russia regarding the orientation towards replacing traditional fuels.

This research paper examines the current state of the liquefied natural gas industry in Russia, the goals set in the Energy Strategy, as well as the prospects for the development of LNG projects within the framework of market instability, the use of new technologies in the production of liquefied gas. Also the authors assess the competitiveness of these projects. Based on the results of the analytical study, conclusions were formulated. The work can be of value to practitioners and researchers in the industry.

The article analyzes the influence of various factors on the electric power complex. The study showed that the internal factors associated with the condition of the equipment in operation have the greatest influence. The analyzed indicators indicate that during the periods under consideration, there are practically no changes associated with a decrease or increase in the number of accidents at stations and networks. At the end of the work, recommendations were presented to ensure the stability of the electric power complex, which should include long-term and short-term plans.

The stages of development of smart home systems and integration of these systems into the city infrastructure are considered. The main advantages and disadvantages of these solutions are identified, and problems associated with their installation and use are identified. The research on the volume of markets and target audience is analyzed, and the trends of recent years in the areas of both "smart home" and "smart city in General" are considered. Priority directions of development of the entire field of solutions are indicated. Specific examples of using smart systems in different configurations and with different functions are considered. Conclusions are drawn about the current situation on the market, as well as about the future prospects for implementing smart home systems in the lives of users.

This is as a monitoring result of the actual scientific literature in the field of using liquefied natural gas as a motor fuel. The ecological and technological advantages of using liquefied natural gas in this area are considered. Based on this, conclusions are drawn about the competitiveness of liquefied natural gas relative to other types of motor fuel. Analyzed the current energy strategy of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of promoting and popularization of liquefied natural gas as a motor fuel and the development of energy and filling infrastructure. Based on the identified shortcomings of the strategy, an alternative option is proposed that relies on local gas filling systems, mini-gas liquefaction plants, and mobile gas stations. An assessment of the technical and economic parameters of the project for the creation of such an infrastructure was carried out because of which a conclusion was made about its overall efficiency. Options for implementing the concept of alternative development of the energy and refuelling infrastructure of liquefied natural gas and its integration into the state energy policy are proposed.

The article is devoted to the prospects for digital transformation of oil producing companies using the example of Gazprom Neft PJSC. For this, the article analyzes the current state of digital technologies in industries, as well as an analysis of the risks of potential implementation of digital technologies in various industries. The main technological and economic processes in the company of the oil and gas complex were investigated, taking into account, which the assessment of the possibility of introducing digital technologies into the business processes of the oil and gas company was carried out. In the final part of the article, an assessment of the results of the introduction of digital technologies at the enterprises of the oil production complex is carried out.

As part of the study of the possibility of using hydrodynamic water treatment for preliminary deferrization of artesian water before feeding it to a deep osmotic treatment unit. It was found that in the process of water treatment in a hydrodynamic device with constant air ejection, the complete oxidation of iron (II) compounds occurs. The influence of the volume of consumed air and the number of processing cycles on the efficiency of the deferrization process has been studied. Data were obtained on the distribution (size / ratio) of air bubbles in the fluid flow during its hydrodynamic treatment. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that when hydrodynamic treatment is combined with ceramic ultra filtration membranes, the iron removal rate is 99%, while hardness salts, hydrogen sulfide and other pollutants are partially removed from the water, and complete disinfection occurs.

Developing and utilization from hydrocarbon resources of northern Afghanistan is very important for ensuring the energy security and development of the least developed country in Asia. The estimation made by the USGS and Afghanistan geological survey revealed substantial oil and gas resources in the Amu Darya and Afghan-Tajik basins of northern Afghanistan that created an optimistically bright landscape for ensuring the energy availability and development of the country. This study evaluates the Amu Darya and Afghan-Tajik hydrocarbon basins and their development prospective. In 2020, field trips were arranged to Sheberghan and Sar-e-Pul oil and gas fields for collecting information, conducting interviews, and evaluating the infrastructures of oil and gas fields. The findings described that the infrastructures for producing oil and gas are old, poorly maintained, and have limited production capacity. There are serious obstacles, such as security problems, undeveloped infrastructures, and technical issues that are needed to be considered.

The article discusses the issues of state support for the technological re-equipment of local energy facilities in the Far East and the Arctic. A study of the current system of state management of the industry in the macro-region was carried out, significant shortcomings were identified, possible ways to improve the management model were analyzed and proposals were formulated for further implementation.