Table of contents

The 2nd international conference on composites "Advances in Composite Science and Technologies" was held in Bauman Moscow State Technical University from 20-21 November 2019. The conference is meant to be a unified international platform for the knowledge and experience exchange between representatives of the scientific community within the field of composite materials. The following sections covered the most important topics in the composite sciences field.

Session 1. "Smart" composite materials and composites for biomedical application

Session 2. Advanced metal matrix composites

Session 3. Physical and technological maintenance of the quality of composite materials products

Session 4. Composite materials for rocket and space applications

Session 5. Mechanics of composite materials and structures

Session 6. Inorganic composite materials

Session 7. Fiber surface modification methods

Session 8. Modelling in composite science

Session 9. High Temperature composites

Session 10. Russian engineering school (educational session)

The success of the conference is supported with more than 80 proceeding papers received by the Organizing Committee with 70 selected for publication after the reviewing process. We are grateful to all participants as well as to discussion leaders, members of Organizing and Scientific boards for taking part in the conference and we are looking forward to next year's event.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Type of peer review is available in this PDF.

Zinc borate crystalline hydrate of the composition 2ZnO·3B2O3·3,5H2O was obtained by the interaction of zinc oxide and boric acid in the presence of a seed. The composition of the obtained crystalhydrate of zinc borate was confirmed using IR spectroscopy and gravimetric analysis. It is shown at what temperatures the obtained zinc borate crystalline hydrate loses crystallization water and in what quantity. To evaluate the antipyretic properties, the obtained zinc borate crystalline hydrate was introduced into the polyvinylchloride plastic compound grade NGP30-32, replacing industrial zinc borate in the formulation. It was found that polyvinylchloride plastic containing the obtained zinc borate crystalline hydrate is not inferior in its thermal, fire-resistant and physic mechanical characteristics to a compound containing industrial zinc borate. At the same time, the main indicators of polyvinylchloride plastic containing laboratory zinc borate crystalline hydrate complies with the requirements for fireproof plastic compounds.

This article investigated the kinetics of the curing process of composite material based on epoxy binders under different conditions of heat transfer. A technique for determining the heat capacity and thermal conductivity depending on the degree of cure of epoxy binders was carried out. The kinetic parameters of the binders used to describe the exothermic effects of binders in the chemical reaction were determined. Taking into account the phase state changes and their exothermic effects of the binders during curing, the simulation of curing process of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) was carried out. Experimental results of determination of heat capacity, thermal conductivity and kinetic parameters of epoxy binders were used as initial inputs for modeling the curing process of polymer composite materials. The influence of the heat transfer coefficient on the temperature state of GFPR was investigated. It was found that the heat transfer condition strongly affects the temperature state of fiberglass during their curing.

This article is devoted to the selection and justification of the use of the corresponding mathematical methods in the formation of a composite product production program and the assessment of the importance of provided technological resources. The choice of marginal profit as criteria of the optimality of the production program is proved. The formalized mathematical formulations of integer and dual tasks of linear programming are presented. The tasks of analyzing the annual release plan for a range of six products is solved. It is concluded that the usage of mathematical methods of linear programming and the theory of dual is successful decision in the field of development of composite production programs.

The monomer N, N-diallylacrylamide was synthesized by alkylation of acrylamide. The IR spectra of acrylamide and N, N-diallylacrylamide are analyzed. The possibility of obtaining alkyl acrylamide is shown. Modified organoclay is obtained on the basis of montmorillonite of the Na + - form and acrylamide, a water-soluble monomer. The structures and properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated. Composites based on polypropylene modified montmorillonite prepared by mixing in a twin screw melt extruder of the company "JiangsuXindaScience & Technology". The structure of the composites was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that, compared with the unfilled polypropylene, modulus, toughness, melt flow index composites increases, and the time of combustion and the flame propagation velocity is decreased. Shown, that with the introduction of 3-5 wt.% Of the modified Na + - montmorillonite + N, N-diallylacrylamide into the PP, a decrease in the flame propagation rate by 74-79% is observed. The slowing down of the burning rate of the composite is associated with a limitation of the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into the material due to the presence of a barrier layer created by plane of montmorillonite particles. The presented data are consistent with the results previously obtained in.

This paper presents non-isothermal resin impregnation process of high-performance light weight composite wing spar structure for trainer aircrafts. The manufacturing process of the spar is simulated in PAM-RTM software. In this research developed a reliable model of resin impregnation process simulation to determine the exact infusion time and optimize the resin inlet ports for large scale aircraft structure without using the expensive trial and error experimental approches. The work reported the use of different heating temperature processes to manufacture wing spar from carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite laminates by using VARI. The influence of heating temperature during the infusion stage on the resin viscosity and impregnation time was analyzed. These results indicate that a proper heating temperature during the infusion process is necessary for quality control and manufacturing time reduction. The error between theoretical simulation and experimental studies is no more than 10%.

The results of experimental investigations into the impregnating kinetics when using the carbon tape with copper coating according to the magnetron sputtering technology are presented. The epoxy and aluminum-boron phosphate materials are used as binders. The composites based on these binders are evaluated by characteristics of porosity, matrix content, and thermal stability. It is established that metallization insignificantly affects the thermal stability but does not make it possible to increase the impregnation rate and leads to lowering the composite porosity.

The article investigates the problem of choosing the best available technology that must match the concept of sustainable production. When choosing a technology, the difficult task of comparing alternative technological options should be solved. It is necessary to assess the indicators of environmental, economic and social criteria, but which often contradict each other. The article presents an approach to select the best technology for the production of metal grid, composite grid and basalt grid with the use of Analytical Hierarchic Process.

The majority of machine-building enterprises, when planning material and technical supply (MTS), use various statistical data collected and systematized for previous periods that underlie the calculation of standards for resource consumption. Depending on the level of technical development of production, used technologies and changes in the design of products, factors are identified that determine the need for adjustments to consumption rates in a minimum time. The article analyzes structural and technological factors, substantiates their influence on the determination of various types of consumption rates during the formation of MTS.

Synthesized modified aromatic polyethersulfones containing dichloroethylene and arylate groups in the main chain. The kinetics of the synthesis of polyethersulfones by the method of acceptor-catalytic polycondensation was studied. It is shown that the property of the obtained polymers depends on the ratio of the starting monomers. It is shown that the property of the obtained polymers depends on the ratio of the starting monomers. The presence of two chlorine atoms in the initial monomer in combination with an unsaturated bond provides the polyethersulfones based on it with high fire resistance and good physical and chemical properties, including frost resistance.

Thermoplastic and soluble in organic solvents polyetherimides are of considerable interest for the creation of heat-and heat-resistant composite materials with high physical and mechanical properties. In recent decades, the main scientific approaches to the synthesis of polyimides with the ability to process from melt and solutions in organic solvents have been developed. This methodology is to reduce the glass transition temperature of rigid-chain polyimides by increasing the flexibility of the main polymer chain and / or by reducing intermolecular interaction. Evolution of fine organic synthesis is one of the priority directions of chemical technology development. Chemistry of high-molecular compounds is the subject of research by various scientists, both in the domestic scientific field and abroad. This interest is due to the prospects for the use of materials for industrial purposes. The polyetherimides are of this group of materials contain in their chain of various aromatic, heterocyclic and cycloaliphatic groups, and systems. This article describes the main approaches to the creation of such polymers with improved, compared with polyimides, technological properties and prospects for their application for the production of filled composite materials based on them. The paper presents the properties of the materials under consideration as a justification for the creation of heat-resistant composite materials.

A numerical method for solving the problem of the stability theory of linearly elastic bodies with small deformations in a general three-dimensional formulation is considered. The problems of this class are poorly studied in contrast to the two-dimensional problems of stability theory. At the same time, classical approaches do not allow one to take into account the effect on the structural stability of various three-dimensional effects: areas of compounds, zones of defects, etc. The study formulates a variation formulation of the problem of the three-dimensional stability theory. Based on the finite element method, a numerical statement is obtained in the form of a generalized eigenvalue problem with symmetric global stiffness matrix. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated by the example of calculating the stability of a composite plate under longitudinal compression. The simulation was carried out using the SMCM software package developed at the Department of Calculus Mathematics and Mathematical Physics of Bauman Moscow State Technical University.

A model of a transversely isotropic compressible elastic medium with finite strains is proposed. The model belongs to the class of the so-called universal models, which are formulated in terms of energy (conjugated) pairs of stress and strain tensors - simultaneously for several types of pairs. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the constants included in the constitutive relations of this model, based on a comparative analysis of the results of calculating deformation diagrams under uniaxial loading according to this model and using the asymptotic averaging method. An example of numerical modeling for a layered composite is given.

The conjugate problem of aerodynamics and thermomechanics for a composite structures made of ablating composite material such as carbon/phenolic or glass/phenolic is considered. The problem includes a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes system of equations - for a high-speed flow around the structure, as well as a system of internal heat and mass transfer in an ablating composite and a three-dimensional theory of elasticity of anisotropic material with variable properties. To solve the conjugate system of equations, a numerical algorithm is developed based on the finite-volume method for solving the Navier-Stokes equations and the finite-element method for solving the equations of heat and mass transfer and thermomechanics. Examples of computations for modeling reentry vehicles are presented. The features of the distribution of heat and mass transfer fields and thermal stresses in the structures caused by the effects of thermal decomposition of the composite during non uniform heating are shown.

This work is related to the modelling filtration flow of an incompressible non-Newtonian viscous fluid in porous composite structures. A physical mathematical model of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid flowing in a porous composite structure has been proposed. The pore–scale description of flow in a reinforced composite is obtained using asymptotic homogenization method. Then, the nonlinear filtration law is investigated theoretically using the anisotropic tensor function representation of the tensor independent variable. The finite element method was used to calculate the local problem, and the distribution of single hole velocity, pressure and non-Newtonian viscosity was obtained. Based on the numerical results verified by the famous Darcy's law, the nonlinear filtration law of Carreau viscosity fluid was explored and the effective permeability under different parameters was obtained.

An asymptotic theory of thin composite plates with multi-stage high-temperature phase transformations is proposed. The theory is based on an asymptotic analysis of 3-dimensional equations of the mechanics of composite materials, taking into account phase transformations. Phase transformations are described by a system of kinetic equations, which is solved in conjunction with the equations of internal heat and mass transfer. The so-called local problems for plate theory are obtained and the averaged equations of plate theory with phase transformations are derived. An example of a composite based on an aluminum-chromo-phosphate matrix under uneven heating is considered. A numerical-analytical solution showed that although the heating is uneven due to the peculiarities of phase transformations, the stress-strain state changes significantly in time and is variable across the plate thickness. The developed theory allows us to calculate the stress distribution in the plate with high accuracy.

In this paper, we consider the solution of the problem of the theory of piezoelectricity. The effective elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric characteristics are calculated for a two-layer composite with a volume concentration of layers of 50%. The corresponding characteristics are calculated for a two-layer material with an orthogonal-reinforced structure. For the numerical solution of the problem, the conjugate gradient method for solving systems of algebraic equations was used. The results were visualized using a software package developed at Bauman Moscow state technical University. The paper presents the distribution of the stress field σ_ij and the vector ${\bar d_i}$ in problems L_r and L_pq.

Using the asymptotic theory, explicit analytical expressions were obtained that allow one to calculate the stress-strain state of multilayer thin cylindrical anisotropic elastic composite shells for small deformations. Forenamed expressions allow us to obtain the distribution of all components of the stress-strain state without any assumptions about their nature of the distribution over the thickness. An algorithm was proposed that makes it possible to obtain the total stress tensor in the shell, and all components of the stress tensor are numerically calculated for the case of a cylindrical composite shell with axisymmetric bending by pressure. The character of the distribution of characteristics of the stress-strain state of the shell was analyzed and the corresponding graphs were constructed.

An asymptotic theory of the deformation of thin multilayer elastic plates with non-ideal contact between the layers is proposed. The linearized slip conditions of the contacting layers with different slip coefficients for each pair of layers are considered. An asymptotic theory is an expansion over a small geometric parameter of the original 3-dimensional elasticity problem with sliding conditions of the layers. A recurrent sequence of local problems of elasticity theory is obtained. An analytical recurrent solution to these problems is found, which allows one to determine all the components of the stress tensor in the plate. An averaged system of equations of the theory of thin two-layer plates with slipping layers is derived, which has an increased order of partial derivatives compared with the theory of plates with ideal contact. An analytical solution is found to this problem of bending a 2-layer composite plate under the influence of uniform pressure. Specific effects of plate deformation due to the effect of layer slippage are established.

This paper offers a method for increasing the strength of FDM 3D printed parts by impregnation in a vacuum chamber in an environment of an epoxy compound with a long lifetime. We investigate the impact of the duration of impregnation and the internal geometry of the part being impregnated on the impregnation degree, expressed in the absence of cavities inside the material. The experimental samples are cylinders made of PLA plastic, the impregnation is carried out in an epoxy resin-based compound with PEPA hardener. The use of this strengthening technology may be useful for expanding the scope of FDM 3D printing from prototyping, being currently the most common application, to manufacturing parts for actually functional structures, which, unlike prototypes, carry load while in use, and therefore need increased strength.

Currently, due to the increase in air traffic, the need for modern reliable airliners is increasing, the requirements for which are constantly growing. One of the options for meeting these requirements is the use of polymer composite materials (PCM) in the structure, in particular in the wing. This article is devoted to the urgent task of designing a polymer composite wing power circuit within the framework methods of designing developing. The modeling, calculation and analysis of ninety variants of the wing structural and power schemes. The rational geometric parameters of the primary structural member arrangement are established, including the step and installation direction of ribs, stringer, spars, providing the greatest margin of safety factor. The skin power element is considered in detail. The stringer shape and material based on the calculations made are justified. The work is part of the methodology for designing a polymer composite wing.

The rapidly developing aviation industry is looking for new design solutions in the field of designing modern passenger airliners. To ensure reliability and increase the service life of developed products can help polymer composite materials, which are already successfully used in the construction of a number of aircraft. This work is devoted to the urgent task of determining and optimizing the structural parameters of the carbon fiber wing load-bearing elements, taking into account rational reinforcement schemes. The wall thicknesses, layup patterns of unidirectional layers, the safety margins of the wing structural elements, taking into account the current operational loads for several angles of attack corresponding to different flight modes. The work is part of the methodology for designing a wing of polymer composite materials.

Materials with a honeycomb structure have a cellular geometry, which reduces the amount of material used to achieve mass perfection of the finished structure. Due to the widespread application of honeycomp composite materials (structures), the need for developing the design methods exists. It is especially important to have design methods to guarantee the longevity and reliability of the elements of aviation structures during the exploitation. The peculiarities of operation such complicated elements as honey comb require consideration of existing of tough and soft layers, which work differently. The equations of motion of the three-layer plate with honeycomp filling are given. Some important issues of investigation based on this equation are described. In the paper, the questions of destructive and non-destructive diagnostics of composite constructions are discussed.

This paper is dedicated to the solution of the problem about 3D-reinforced composite annular plate compressed by concentrated forces. 3D-reinforced composite materials, including high-temperature composites, are widely used in modern space industry, while their properties are insufficiently studied. Analytical solution of considered problem about annular plate compression will be a foundation for a method of determination of anisotropic composite materials stress-strain properties needed when conducting structural analysis: elastic and shear moduli, and Poisson's ratio. Transverse shear deformations and changes in annular plate metrics during deformation are taken into account in the process of finding analytical solution of the problem. The analytical solution of the problem about annular plate compression was obtained by the authors. This solution is used to find relations between required properties of annular plate and radial displacements of annular plate characteristic points.

The results of water pouring of flat samples from chopped quartz fibers with a diameter of 12 microns and an elongation of 560...1680 are presented. Experimental values of water permeability coefficient through highly porous flat samples were obtained. The constant in the Kozeni-Karman permeability formula is determined depending on the porosity of the fiber layer.

In orbital flight, the temperature state of spacecraft and their constituent space platforms complexly changes in time and space. The inhomogeneous temperature field of the space platform can cause shape distortion, which negatively affects the performance of targets. To equalize the temperature field of the space platform, it is proposed to use electric heaters with differentiated power distributions. The formulation of the boundary inverse heat conduction problem is presented and the specific power of the heaters necessary for uniform distribution of the temperature field of a panel of composite material is determined.

Composites of polypropylene and different carbon nanofillers (graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes) were prepared by in situ polymerization using a homogeneous isospecific metallocene catalyst rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-PhInd)2ZrCl2 activated by methylaluminoxane. The electrophysical, mechanical, thermophysical properties of the composites have been investigated. Even small amounts of carbon nanofillers significantly improve the mechanical and thermophysical characteristics of composites. The use of carbon nanofillers makes it possible to prepare composites with controlled electrophysical characteristics.

The physical and mathematical models of curing of polymer matrix composite under microwave radiation are presented. The models describe the processes of the electromagnetic radiation propagation in the volume of the operating area, volumetric heat generation due to the electromagnetic energy absorption and the exothermic curing of the matrix as well as conductive heat transfer in the workpiece and radiation heat transfer between non-uniformly heated surfaces of the workpiece and the walls of the operating area. The modeling of the curing in thick-walled and thin-walled cylindrical workpieces is performed. The challenges of processing of thin-walled parts are presented.

Thiokol-modified bitumens are investigated. Based on the measurements of time-dependent viscosity parameters (melting point, penetration, and spin-spin relaxation time T2 ), it is established that at a content of thiokol more than 25%, formation of a continuous phase is possible, which shows up as a sudden change in the bitumen properties and is associated with the phase inversion. The method of bitumen modification suggested can be recommended for obtaining roofing materials.

This paper presents the weight reduction of load bearing elements of aircraft DA-62 fuselage structure using parametric and topology optimizations methods. The structural analysis of rear part of aircraft fuselage in various load calculation conditions is performed. In the first step using parametric optimization of structure, allow to reduce its mass to 15.84 %. In addition using topology optimization of optimized structure by parametric modeling added mass reduction to 32.87% of total structural mass.

In this study, a new method for introducing reinforcement was developed and used in stir casting to fabricate aluminum matrix composites. Different reinforcements (microparticle SiC and nanofiber Al2O3) were incorporated into the technical aluminum AD0 (1050 ISO) alunimum alloy by a mechanical stirrer and then cylindrical specimens were cast. The microstructural characterization of the composite samples showed grain refinement of aluminum matrix with the introduction of reinforcement. The effects of reinforcement on the mechanical properties and impact behavior of the composites were investigated. Based on experiments, it was revealed that the presence of Al2O3 nanofiber reinforcement led to improvement in hardness. This was due to introduction of reinforcement and grain refinement of aluminum matrix. Studies on the fracture surfaces revealed that AMC with reinforcement is brittle, but in the case of nanofibers fillers, tough component was also present, which eliminated the risk of brittle fracture.

This work is concerned with the determining of physical and mechanical characteristics (dynamic elastic modulus along the direction of reinforcement, porosity, density, percentage of binder, strength) of fiberglass plastics by ultrasonic technique. The techniques, which are currently used for evaluation of the above-mentioned parameters of polymeric composite materials, are presented. The ultrasonic technique of physical and mechanical characteristics determining of glass fiber reinforced plastics for radio engineering purpose on the base of quarzitic, glass and siliceous fillers is proposed.

One of the current trends in aviation and space technology is higher flight speed. An increase in flight speed means an increase in the temperature of the aircraft components and tougher requirements for the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials used. As metals are reaching their limits, heat-resistant non-metallic materials are attracting more and more attention. Of all heat-resistant non-metallic materials, the most appropriate for this purpose are monolithic ceramic materials, carbon-carbon and ceramic-matrix composite materials. This paper proposes an approach to predicting the mechanical characteristics of ceramic composite materials based on experiment and numerical simulation of the material microstructure. Multi-stage impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) method was used to manufacture C/SiC and SiC/SiC ceramic samples, which were later subjected to tensile testing and 4-point bend testing. The results of numerical modeling and the results of experiments were compared, and the mechanical properties of the materials were determined.

The article deals with the questions of assessing the applicability of the method of ultra-jet diagnostics of carbon plastics. In the work, phenomenological ideas about the process of destruction of carbon plastics under the action of a high-speed-jet of liquid are considered. The experimental part of the work is related to the implementation of the diagnostic effect of the ultra-jet on the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic, the assessment of the geometric parameters of the hydraulic caverns and the qualitative assessment of the state of the fibers and the adhesion in the binder-fiber structure. In this experiment, carbon fiber samples were used both in the initial state and after the inhibitory effect of x-ray radiation. Such a technique made it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the samples and evaluate the information content of the ultra-jet diagnostics method as applied to the materials under consideration.

Stability of a round cross section rod of Shape Memory Alloys under reverse phase transition where the initial strain was obtained with the help of reverse loading and subsequent unloading was investigated. It was shown that the additional structural transformation connected with buckling could not take place within the framework of a given model of the constitutive equations for Shape Memory Alloys. Numerical solutions in various problem statements and concepts were obtained.

The article discusses the preparation of suspension and dispersion of liquids using ultra-jet technology. The applied method allows for a sufficiently high level of suspension and dispersion.

Arc surfacing processes are proposed as innovative methods for the synthesis of functionally gradient layered compositions. Existing composite filler materials based on aluminum and tin have been investigated. The schemes and technological parameters of arc welding allowing to produce the coatings having a composite structure with a given reinforcement ratio, satisfactory reinforcements distribution, and enhanced tribotechnical properties have been shown.

According to the unique mechanical properties of composite materials, the replacement of the conventional materials like steel with composite materials is increasing in all fields. The low weight / capacity characteristics of composite materials make it possible to accommodate much more loads. Because of the great importance of the floating bridges for both military and civilian purposes especially in crises, the evolution of floating bridges is necessary. The traditional transportation steel ferry is composed of floating steel pontoons to accommodate the MLC-70 (Tank load) of weight equals (63.5 t). In this study, the steel floating pontoon is replaced with composite pontoon simulated for both carbon fibres polymers and glass fibres polymers with the laminate configuration $[{\propto }_{1}^{\circ }/{\propto }_{2}^{\circ }/{\propto }_{3}^{\circ }/\mathrm{\unicode{x2026}}./{\propto }_{\text{n}}^{\circ }]$. The finite element analysis is performed using ANSYS software. The capacity of the ferry is increased to reach (90 t) instead of (70 t). The total deformation is determined under the applied load. The failure criteria is investigated for both composite models (Tsai-Wu, Tsai-Hill, maximum stress and maximum strain). The nonlinear buckling analysis is also, investigated. The optimization process is designed and performed to get the optimum number of layers and angles orientation of the composite layers as well as possible.

Currently, it is becoming urgent to create composites from various materials using their strengths to obtain the desired properties. The method of modification of the surface layer of a structural element using ion alloying is one the most promising. This method is used for obtaining corrosion-resistant composites. In this article we can find the results of an experimental-theoretical study of the mechanical properties of thin-walled structural elements whose surface is alloyed with carbon ions. It is used to reduce the corrosive deterioration.

The results of research on synthesis and approbation of new imide-containing high-molecular and oligomeric compounds as appretiruyuschih compositions for carbon fibers under thermoplastic polyetherimide matrix ("Ultem-1000") are presented. It is shown that both polymeric and oligomeric compositions can be used for carbon fiber appreting, but the greatest effect is manifested when using oligomeric apprets.

In this work we made reduction of graphene oxide films with different low-cost lasers (near IR (1060 nm) and blue (445 nm) to investigate possibility of such films usage for flexible electronic and nanoelectronic applications. We successfully showed possibility of graphene oxide reduction with both types of laser but blue laser showed better uniformity of reduced graphene oxide film parameters including film morphology, resistance and Raman intensity ratios. We showed that reduction with near IR laser spills out into large nonuniformity of resistance with relatively high values. Thus the usability of commercially available laser facility for graphene oxide modification without adjusting control settings (on hardware and software levels) is poor. On the other hand, relatively laboratory device based on low-power blue laser showed much better usability an it's perspective to future market of low-cost modification facilities for thin carbon-based films.

We considered the problem of evaluating the durability of film-fabric material (FFCM). The models of phase deformation of a film-fabric composite material was developed which took into account nonlinear viscoelasticity, temperature changes, material aging, microdamage accumulation processes and photodestruction. We presented the composration as an inhomogeneous body. When choosing the structure of the defining relations, we used the experimental data obtained by the authors for the phases of FFCM. Based oite under considen the modification of the second Fick's law, the kinetic law of propagation of the photodestruction parameter deep into the representative cell of FFCM was constructed. To conduct a qualitative analysis of the behavior of the composite material under study, we formulated the problem with some model constitutive relations and numerical experiments were performed.

The proposed study will allow us to develop a calculation method to predict the service life of fiberglass structures providing reliability and resistance; a design method for polymer composite structures taking into account damage accumulation and aggressive factors that affect the decrease in the strength of the studied material. The method of aging and failure of polymer composite materials was developed. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the development of a methodology for assessing the service life of fiberglass structures of the investigated building structures.

Article is devoted to studying of influence of the process of selective laser melting and subsequent various heat treatment on the structure of aluminum alloy. On the basis of scientific and technical literature describes the need for and relevance of the application of modern technologies of 3D printing, the possibility of its application. The authors investigate the microstructure and determine the porosity of the synthesized samples of aluminum alloy of the Al-Si-Mg (Cu) system. The dependence of the porosity of the samples on the energy density is established. Also, the author investigated the influence of annealing and hardening modes with aging on the hardness of the samples of aluminum alloy. On the basis of the conducted researches characteristic properties and features of the synthesized material and preferable heat treatment were determined.

This report is represented the decision of the optimization problem to determine the rational zone in attachment of helicopter's blade that based on calculations of the static strength and fatigue life of bearing screw from the loads arising in a typical flight.

The article discusses one of the leading goals of teaching mathematics - the development of students' thinking by means of mathematics, it is noted that this requires the creation of special situations, the resolution of which leads to the development of thinking. The possibility of developing logical and figurative thinking of students of secondary schools in the process of aesthetic education using the subject of mathematics is investigated. The beauty of problem solving allows you to increase interest in the study of mathematics. The development of intellectual and creative capabilities, their imagination, as well as broadening the horizons in the application of methodological programs in teaching and evaluating students' knowledge and skills. The present work is presented on the example of solving one problem by several mathematical methods. Using a mathematical model to solve various kinds of problems with the greatest number of solutions contributes to aesthetic education, allowing you to develop a culture and logical thinking, to form in students the optimal analysis of the task in solving it. The work is presented in an experiment on organizing aesthetic education by knowing the beauty of problem solving, which will fully reveal the criteria for applying the individual approach to learning through the development of thinking in solving various kinds of mathematical problems. The organization of the intensification of the process of mastering knowledge and applying aesthetic beauty is shown by the example of solving problems in mathematics of grades 7-9. We carried out a number of experimental works on the development of thinking and aesthetic education, relying on the activity-based approaches of educational and developmental teaching of mathematics.

High-speed induction heating was used during strength tests in an oxidizing atmosphere of a composite material based on an aluminum-chromophosphate binder. Induction heating allows heating modes close to those of aircraft operating modes, which avoids the appearance of crystalline phases such as Al(PO3)3, Cr2O3, which arise under conditions of slow heating under classical methods of strength testing at elevated temperatures.

The solution of experimental problems has features that reveal wide opportunities for the development of students' creative abilities in the learning process. The task of developing the creative abilities of students is an integral part of the problem of developing their thinking. All problems are solved with the help of an expert. An experiment is a set of sciences about the laws and forms of thinking, about the mathematical-logical laws of calculus, about the most general laws of thinking. Experimental apparatus allows you to build the necessary judgment or inference, to highlight a certain concept with its essential features.

This paper proposes using a new composition of the metal polymer compound to joint heat exchanger plates. This composition makes it possible to improve the factors of plate junction, such as the cost, safety, efficiency, and rate of the junction procedure. We consider the benefits and drawbacks of the two main ways to joint metal plates of brazed steel plate heat exchangers (BPHE), namely, copper brazing and laser beam welding; propose to joint plates using a metal polymer compound consisting of the metal powder of steel 316L and binding agents; show the metal polymer compound production process; provide the results of the component mixing process depending on the parameters, such as duration and rate of mixing; as well as present the resulting density of the specimens made of the metal polymer compound, depending on the mixing conditions.

Development of an industrial equipment prototype based on a multi-axial robotic arm KUKA KR3 R540 for composite 3D printing with continuous fiber is presented. Composite Filament Co-extrusion Anisoprint technology is taken as a basis of the equipment. The following advantages of the manufacturing equipment are presented in the paper: ability to produce parts of complex spatial shapes with complex spatial reinforcement; mold fabrication in a single process with a part manufacturing. Complex spatial composite structures manufacturing is demonstrated.

Mo-Si-B, Mo-Zr-Si-B, and Mo-Hf-Si-B coatings were obtained by direct current magnetron sputtering. Microstructure and composition of coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive analysis, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. Erosion resistance were estimated in the liquid under the ultrasonic vibration using abrasive particles of SiO2, WC, Si3N4, Al2O3, and B4C. The results obtained showed that all coatings have a homogeneous and uniform structure with no pronounced columnar elements and contain hexagonal h-MoSi2 and h-MoB2 phases. It was found that the most pronounced erosive effect on the coating is silicon oxide powder, which was selected for the main experiments. The highest mass loss of 3.4 g was fixed for Mo-Zr-Si-B sample, while the minimal value of 2.1 mg was found for hafnium-contained coatings.

Modernization of education began to wear a permanent, permanent character in the modern world, since the dynamics of changes in the needs of individuals, society and the state for education is steadily growing. For quite a long time, the main subject of the modernization of school education was its content. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly clear that the center of gravity of the renewal and development of education should be shifted towards methods, innovative forms and means of education. The system-activity approach as a methodology for constructing state standards of general education closely links educational results with certain types of schoolchildren's learning activities. It is clear that the use of new types of educational activities will force to look for new innovative forms of their implementation. The subject of the methodology of teaching informatics and a place in the vocational training system for an informatics teacherComputer science as a science and a subject in school. The connection of teaching methods of computer science with pedagogy, psychology and computer science. Methodical system of teaching computer science in a secondary school. General characteristics of its main components (goals, content of training, methods, forms and means of training).

Nowadays there are numerous ways of making parts of polymer composite materials. The main controlled properties of a part depending on a used technology are porosity and binder percentage, which influence on quality and strength of a part, and also manufacturing cycle time and costs of the used equipment. The main aim of the research was to increase the efficiency of the PCM moulding comparing to the resin infusion method. For reaching the aim there was developed the moulding technology with using elastic diaphragm inflation, as well as there were conducted series of tests by using the dynamo-mechanic analyzer. The way of making the mould and pattern of reinforcing plies layout were offered. For technology approbation there were made a serie of carbon fiber reinforced plastic sport helmets, and got results of time properties of manufacturing. It was discovered that the number of parts made for the time unit by using the inflation method twice exceeds the number of ones made by vacuum infusion method. Specific properties of constructions made by the offered technology also exceed properties of parts made by traditional methods. Inflation technology was successfully put in production and proved its efficiency, reliability and profitability.

Dairy cattle breeding is one of the most important branches of animal husbandry. It serves as a source of such valuable food products as milk, meat, as well as a source of raw materials for industry. Milk is an almost indispensable basis for nutrition in childhood, both humans and animals. It contains all the necessary nutrients. By its diverse composition, not one of the known foods can compete with it. In milk, there are almost all currently known vitamins.

The paper analyzes the processes of saturation of multilayer metal materials with interstitial elements: nitrogen and carbon. The formation of diffusion layers is presented. It is found that the thickness of the laminar layer and the degree of structuring of the sample affect the penetration depth of the diffusant.

Mobile operators support data transfer on 2G (GRPS, EDGE), 3G (EV-DO, HSPA) networks. In some regions, data services are provided on WiMax networks. In 2012 ALTEL launched 4GLTE data distribution network. GSM standard in Kazakhstan has started to decline in mobile communication revenue since its first launch in 2013. By the end of 2015, they totaled 19% to 249 bln. tenge. In February 2016, income from voice communications was less than the revenue from Internet access services. Mobile communication in Kazakhstan is carried out in GSM (900, 1800) and UMTS (900, 2100) formats. In 2012 the mobile accessibility index was 120%. Mobile accessibility in Kazakhstan in 2015 will increase by 185%, to 31 mln. SIM card is already registered. More than 35% of these SIM cards (11 million) are Internet access. GSM and UMTS mobile operators are: Kcell and Activ trademarks are owned by Kcell (GSM Kazakhstan OJSC JSC Kazakhtelecom OJSC until 2012) (controlling interest is owned by TeliaSonera, acquired by Kazakhtelecom JSC,% Scandinavian-Turkish holding of FinTur 47); Altel JSC (owned by Kazakhtelecom JSC), ALTEL 4G GSM + LTE (the share of the company in the mobile market is 3.6% (December 2012). Altel JSC - First national mobile operator of the Republic of Kazakhstan [1]. "Kar-Tel" LLP (subsidiary of Russian holding Vympel-Communications) and "Beeline Business" (previously K-Mobile)); Mobile Telecom-Service LLP (former Neo) with Tele2 trademark. Kcell (KCEL) is a mobile operator GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS / WCDMA (2100 MHz), LTE / 4G, LTE Advanced (700/800 MHz and 1700/1800 MHz). "Activ" and "Kcell" brands. In 2018, KazakhTlecom acquired the shares.

One of the key problems in the design of nanosatellites is to provide a specified temperature range for the operation of electronic equipment. In structures of modern nanosatellites mainly used the elemental base of smartphones. To process a large amount of information, more advanced processors with high thermal power are required. The specified thermal mode of the on-board computer can be achieved using a remote heat removal system or by direct contact of the processor cover with the carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) body of the nanosatellite. Using a model of nanosatellite as an example, a thermal control system with miniature loop heat pipes and highly heat-conducting refrigerators-emitters is designed. The influence of the thermal conductivity coefficient in the reinforcement plane of the nanosatellite CFRP body on its temperature state in low Earth orbit is studied.

The article considers the possibility of increasing resistance to high-temperature effects of carbon composite polymeric materials by combining the components of the binder and its modification by silicon carbide powder. The technology for producing a single-layer composite is described. According to the results of the experiments, the composition and amount of the binder and SiC additives leading to a significant reduction in mass loss during high-temperature tests were revealed.

Ceramic matrix composite materials based on inorganic binders (based on aluminum-chromium-phosphate binder and quartz glass slurry) and textured quartz filler are obtained by various molding methods at JSC ORPE Technologiya named after A.G. Romashin. The materials were studied in the high-temperature region (at the ambient temperature up to 1200°C during short-term exposure). The main specifications of the materials obtained in comparison with those of quartz ceramic material are shown.

In general, the prediction the effective properties of fiber reinforced composites is a complicated task due to its heterogeneous properties. Therefore, new approaches can make possible obtaining of the reliable thermal properties of composites with least time and financial costs. This work presents the approach for determination of thermal properties of epoxy-based glass fiber reinforced composites. Firstly, to evaluate the thermal behavior of considered material the numerical modeling was conducted via finite element analysis in commercial software MSC Digimat. To validate the model, two-stage experimental study was carried out. As the result of the experimental research thermal conductivity through-plane was obtained by laser flash method as well as thermal conductivity in-plane – by specialized heat equipment developed in Bauman University with subsequent solution of the inverse heat conduction problem. Summing up, the analytical and experimental data showed good agreement that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.

The article shows the advantage of using water-soluble polyvinyl acetate-based non-woven fabric as a substrate in the manufacture of tfp preforms of products made from polymer composite materials, including gas turbine engine blades. As compared with the applied woven materials, elastomers and films, water-soluble non-woven fabric is easily removed from the surface of the semi-finished product without disturbing its structure and without causing damage to the fibers. It has been established that high-quality washing-out of the substrate does not affect the properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics.

Nowadays, the significant potential of hybrid polymer composites in terms of weight and cost has contributed to their application in different branches of industry. However, it is known that determination of unique properties of hybrid composites remains significantly challenging as laborious experimental work is usually required. This study aims to develop a numerical material model for prediction of mechanical properties of glass/carbon epoxy-based composites. To validate the material model the subsequent experimental research is proposed. It shows good agreement between numerical simulation results and experimental one.

In this article the method of structural and topology optimization for 3D printed composite parts reinforced with continuous fibers is presented. Within this method part shape is changed simultaneously with material orientation in order to minimize the mass of a part under its strength constraints. The presented method is demonstrated on example of cantilever plate. Quadratic stress criteria is used as strength constraint. Algorithm is implemented as python code interacted with Ansys software. The obtained optimized design is shown. Finite element analysis of the optimized plate is performed.

A 3D Spline model of the effect of the silicon carbide content C_sic and the cold compaction pressure p on the bulk deformation of the powder molding ॉ_ν during the cold compaction of the Al-SiC charge was constructed. The nonlinear character of the dependence ॉ_ν(p) is established for the studied values of the silicon carbide content. The two-stage nature of the cold compaction of the Al-SiC powder mixture was revealed, which is characterized by intensive compaction at the initial stage. A sigmoidal model of cold compaction of a powder mechanically activated Al-SiC charge, which takes into account the initial stage of lightweight structural compaction, is constructed. The dependences of the influence of the SiC powder content on the coefficients of the sigmoidal cold compaction equation are established. A logistic model of the influence of C_siC on the coefficients of the sigmoidal equation of cold compaction and the average size of agglomerates formed during the mechanical activation of a mixture of Al-SiC composite powder material is proposed. The energy equation of hot compaction is obtained, the value of the compressibility coefficient is determined, and a linear equation is constructed that relates the relative densities before and after hot compaction of the Al-SiC composite material.

In this paper analyze of structures and materials for the heat shields of the descent vehicles is considered. In addition, the structure, manufacturing technology and characteristics of carbon-ceramic composite materials are analyzed. A basic finite-element model of a heat-shielding coating is based, and topological optimization is performed. Based on the results of optimization, the power structures of the heat-shielding coating are developed and their strength characteristics are evaluated. The general structure of the heat shield is developed including account the heat-shielding coating.

In the present paper we study some properties of solutions of the Steklov and Neumann boundary value problems for the biharmonic equation. For solving these biharmonic problems with application in engineering and medicine, we need to solve boundary value problems Dirichlet and Cauchy for the Poisson equation using the scattering model. In order to select suitable solutions, we solve the Poisson equation with the corresponding boundary conditions Dirichlet and Cauchy, that is, some criterion function is minimized in the Sobolev norms. Under appropriate smoothness assumptions, these problems may be reformulated as boundary value problems for the biharmonic equation.

MSC: 35J15; 35J35; 35J40; 58J50; 58J90.

The article provides for studies of physical and mechanical properties of samples of carbon fiber reinforced plastics on the basis of tfp-preforms produced using various stitching technological parameters. The effect of the carbon fiber laying density and the piercing step of the aramid yarn on the strength properties of composites is shown. Optimal technological parameters of the creation of tfp-preforms were chosen.

Results of the work on controlled synthesis of thermoplastic engineering poly ether sulfones with distinct molecular weights are presented. It is shown that control of time of the chemical reaction with other synthesis parameters being fixed allows for synthesis of poly ether sulfone with desired molecular weight and therefore with desired melt viscosity. The latter is an important parameter for creation of high-quality thermoplastic carbon fiber prepregs.

One of the most common methods for the production of composites is the vacuum infusion method, which consists in the use of a disposable flexible punch pressed to the surface of the mold by atmospheric pressure. A new technology is the use of reusable flexible punches also pressed by atmospheric pressure. The paper compares the profitability of the same construction by these methods production.

The use of composite materials in all industries has a negative impact on the environment in general and man in particular. Polymeric binders include hazardous substances, and the auxiliary components used in production are made of non-processed materials. It is possible to reduce the negative impact on the environment by using a new technology using reusable flexible punches.

In the Arctic, there is a serious problem of icing of structures, which can cause a catastrophic disruption of the functioning of the equipment necessary to maintain the life support of sea vessels and ground structures. For marine vessels, this problem is especially relevant in view of the limitations on heating systems and the mass of permissible heating equipment. The article is a continuation of work on the research and development of an electrical heating system for the air intake grilles of marine vessels. A numerical simulation of the heat transfer conditions for the design of the air intake grille with a built-in electric heating system was carried out. Some variant calculations of the numerical simulation of heat transfer processes in the system are presented — air, a streamlined structure — an air intake grill case — a heating system. A technique has been developed for selecting the optimal parameters of the electric heating system for various operating conditions of air intake grilles.