Table of contents

The III International Scientific and Practical Conference "Advanced Building Materials and Technologies" (MCMT2020) is devoted to considering the latest experience in scientific and innovative activities in the field of building materials and technologies, discussing modern scientific achievements and world trends in the use of local raw materials for the construction industry, the formation of a comfortable urban environment and economic aspects in construction. The conference was organized by the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University and became a traditional platform for discussing modern issues of the construction industry development with the invitation of leading experts from Russia, Australia, Armenia, Belarus, Germany, China, Lithuania, Mongolia, Poland and the Czech Republic.

The topics of reports at the conference are presented in three main areas: Actual issues of building materials science, Actual issues of design of building structures, Environmental and economic aspects of construction in the formation of a comfortable urban environment. The following topics are considered: aspects of the development of building materials science, issues of mechanical behavior of elements of building structures and ways of their optimization, important aspects of ecology and safety of development of urban areas, promising approaches to making management decisions and minimizing risks in the construction industry.

The Conference proceedings contain selected articles that represent the significant results of the conference. We are grateful to all authors who recognized MCMT2020 as a suitable forum to present their latest developments and learn about new trends in the field of engineering and construction technology.

In a difficult epidemiological situation, it was possible to unite the world's leading specialists in the construction industry. The organizing committee of the conference expresses its sincere gratitude for all-round assistance and support to the Rector's office of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, to Rector of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, to the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Kaliningrad Region, LLC Proftechnologies, LLC Technoservice, Stachema Polska, Stieblich Hallenbau GmbH Germany.

We would like to express our gratitude to all reviewers and topic editors for their important work, which has ensured the high quality of scientific reports.

Last but not least, we sincerely thank the entire team that participated in organizing the MCMT2020 conference.

The chairman of Program Committee

Prof. Maria A. Dmitrieva

Conference Coordinators

Associate Prof. Lidya V. Shershova - vice-chairman of the Organizing Committee, Head of the Center for Precision Construction Equipment, IKBFU, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation.

Prof. Maria A. Dmitrieva - vice-chairman of the Organizing Committee, Head of the Department of Urban Planning, Land Management and Design IKBFU, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation.

Anastasiia V. Sharanova - secretary of the organizing committee, Head of the Laboratory of Building Materials, IKBFU, Kaliningrad, Russian Fedearation.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Open

• Conference submission management system: -

• Number of submissions received: 21

• Number of submissions sent for review: 21

• Number of submissions accepted: 21

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 100

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 4

• Any additional info on review process: -

• Contact person for queries: Sharanova Anastasiia a.sharanova@gmail.com

The article presents the results of laboratory and field tests of vibro-jet magnetic activation (VJMA) technology in the technological processes of preparation of drilling and cement mortars. Studies have shown a significant improvement in the quality of the mortars, reducing the preparation time and energy intensity of the process. The use of VJMA technology for processing grouting mortar allows increasing the fluidity of the solution and increasing the strength of the cement stone. This facilitates the filling of cement mortar.

Pore colmatation plays a positive role, since a decrease in the permeability of cement concrete due to the deposition of insoluble corrosion products in the pores leads to a slowdown in corrosion processes. To test a mathematical model of pore colmatation of cement concretes under liquid corrosion, a study of mass transfer processes occurring when samples from Portland cement are exposed to a liquid aggressive medium was conducted. The article presents equations that allow us to determine the rate of pore colmatation and the thickness of the layer of colmatant formed in the pores during liquid corrosion of cement concretes. Based on the results of experimental studies of liquid corrosion of cement stone, the mass transfer parameters were determined in the investigated system «cement concrete – 2 % MgCl₂ solution». Based on the obtained data, the values of the colmatation rate and the thickness of the layer of colmatant of cement concrete were calculated during liquid corrosion in a 2 % MgCl₂ solution. It has been established that over time, the rate of mass transfer processes occurring in concrete decreases due to the difficulty of penetration of aggressive medium deep into concrete due to the deposition of corrosion products in the pores.

The results of studies of the effect of hardening accelerators on the properties of cement based foam concrete mix and foam concrete of natural hardening are given in this article. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building which is accredited in accordance with the national standards requirements. It has been proposed to decrease the shrinkage deformations of the concrete mix and increase compressive strength of hardened foam concrete by affecting the cement matrix with the calcium chloride and calcium oxalate in the amount of 2 and 0.5% of the cement mass, respectively. This increases the aggregative stability and reduces the plastic shrinkage of the foam concrete mix by 47-65%. In foam concrete with the hardening accelerators the compressive strength rises from 0.31 to 0.47 MPa and from 0.96 to 1.44 MPa at the age of 28 days while maintaining the average density of D400 and D600 respectively. The developed composition of cement based foam concrete is recommended for constructing monolithic walls at a construction site or wall blocks in factory conditions for individual housing construction.

Changes in the properties of geosynthetic materials (geomats) used in coastal protection structures that protect the high coast from erosion, landslide and talus processes are analyzed. The proposed approach includes the selection of a representative set of sampling points for geomats, which takes into account various exposure conditions, conditions for the extraction of groundwater or in dry places, under the direct influence of the wind or in continuous grass cover, and other local operating features. In the process of cameral work with samples of the geomat, taken at the sampling points, it was proposed to assess the degree of degradation of the geomat, used to keep the slope from breaking, by the value of the breaking load of individual polymer filaments, while assessing the degree of microdamage of the material under study. Objective monitoring of microdamage of filaments is carried out by computed X-ray tomography. Using two geomat sampling as an example, the effectiveness of the approach is shown. Regular monitoring of the properties of geosynthetic material will provide an estimate of the residual life of the shore protection structure, a selection of recommendations for its repair and optimization.

This article presents results of a research on changes in energy parameters of fluorogypsum composition of normal consistency with introduction of various additives (μΔn) such as sodium sulfate and sodium sulfite. Activity of binder in interaction with water was defined as the sum of thermal effect of hydration and thermal effect of dispersion of fluorogypsum crystal lattice. In order to compare processes of heat release in the studied gypsum-containing systems, the article presents results of analysis for the following ones: fluorogypsum binder – water, fluorogypsum binder – sodium sulfate – water and fluorogypsum binder – sodium sulfite – water. Research has shown that processes of hydration during by development of alternating exothermic and endothermic effects in systems containing fluorogypsum binders.

An experimental approach is proposed to study the evolution of structural and mechanical characteristics of cement stone in the process of hydration. This approach is based on the use of computed tomography methods and the determination of the strength at different times of the setting of concrete compositions. It is shown that modifying additives of calcium formate and redispersible polymer powder provide an increase in strength at the initial setting time. In this case, the highest strength value 30 minutes after mixing is achieved for a composition with 2% content of redispersible polymer powder by weight of cement. The highest density is demonstrated by compositions with additives of redispersible polymer powder. A developed experimental approach, combining a non-destructive computed tomography method and a direct assessment of the compressive strength of samples of multicomponent concrete of various compositions, makes it possible to effectively evaluate the effect of modifying additives on the properties of modified concrete.

The technology of receiving the antireflective coating increasing efficiency of use of sunlight in various service conditions is described. Suspensions of nanodimensional silicon dioxide with tetraethoxysilane as a precursor were synthesized to solve the assigned task. The received suspensions were applied by a dipping method on glass samples followed by the coating formation on a surface of the substrates at various temperatures. As a result of a cure of the received samples under natural conditions transparent film of about 500 nanometers thick having very low strength properties on the surface of glass were formed. Heat treatment led to the improvement of strength of coatings in process with increase of temperature up to 600 °C. Exceeding of this temperature resulted in cracking of coatings. In the course of heat treatment higher than 300 °C formation of a coating was accompanied by the thermolysis of silver nitrate that was introduced into silicon dioxide suspension with a formation of silver particles which size was in the nanoscale distance limits according to the results of Auger electron spectroscopy. Presence of evenly distributed silver nanoparticles provided an antireflective effect to coatings which at visual observation found expression in the form of the interference phenomenon. The obtained data confirmed prospects of use of nanosilver as a component of coatings on the basis of silicon dioxide in order to confer the antireflective properties.

The article represents the results of the experimental research of the evolution of strain fields of a steel plate with a stress concentrator by the correlation method of digital images. The obtained results reflect elaborately the evolution of the distribution of isofields towards the strains on the surface of the steel plate and the behavior of their distributions, which corresponds to each stage of the stress-strain curve under uniaxial tension.

The article presents the results of numerical studies of the stress-strain state of the models of a vertical cylindrical tank with corrosion wear and with the strengthening of the wall of the first ring by an external and internal composite tyre. Based on the results of the studies, the maximum percentage of corrosion wear of the wall of the first ring of the tank have been determined, and the dependences of the influence of the installation of the internal and external carbon composite tyre on the stress-strain state have been obtained.

The article presents materials reflecting the results of calculations by the finite element method on a computer (according to a special program) of the thermal state of the cellular fragment of the reinforced concrete support block LSP taking into account the influence of seasonal and decadal outdoor temperatures, as well as the effect of changes in the thermal characteristics of the backfill soil on the thermal state of the ice-resistant stationary platform. This made it possible for the first time to evaluate the joint work of a thin reinforced concrete frame and a massive body of backfill soil under temperature effects. In the case of the operation of the cellular structure without the backfill soil, seasonal and ten-day temperature fluctuations create a more unfavourable temperature regime in comparison with the cellular structure with the backfill soil. In the absence of backfill soil, negative temperatures penetrate most deeply into the thickness of the structure. The presented data can also serve as the basis for a preliminary assessment of the thermal state of LSP in the form of a fully cellular reinforced concrete structure and in the future to determine its thermally stressed state. Only considering the combined effect of ice, wave and temperature loads can we really evaluate the operation of such a complex structure in terms of its reliability and safety.

The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm for designing building constructions, namely their geometric construction (the geometrical location of points) in the form of an expression using the formula (equation) of geometric property of construction expressed in the projection by nonlinear functions. The article gives an algorithm for finding analytical dependencies of nonlinear functions used in applications. You must select a coordinate system before composing the curve equation. The type of the desired equation depends on the choice of the coordinate system. There are no rules that could guide one in choosing a coordinate system, and the ability to make the most rational choice is given only by experience. In this paper, the examples of the choice of coordinate systems show the form of functions, namely, their simplification. In some cases, geometric construction is the only way to present a graphic image of the building structure itself, no matter how complex it may be in the Cartesian coordinate system. The polar coordinate system is presented here as an alternative for unique structures and structures of increased complexity in the Cartesian coordinate system. This is achieved by establishing a relationship between the current coordinates of the point located on the projection of the construction and constants characterizing the properties of this construction, called a function on the plane and a surface in space in researches. The prospect of this approach has proven itself: in the construction of exquisite palace temples, beautiful architectural ensembles that make the space surrounding a person comfortable.

When designing reinforced concrete structures subjected to intense dynamic loading, it is necessary to take into account the simultaneous influence of the thrust reaction, which leads to significant increase in strength and crack resistance, and the influence of yielding supports used to increase the energy intensity of structures. The purpose of this study is to assess feasibility of yielding supports application in thrust structures. The paper presents results of experimental studies of reinforced concrete beams with thrust on yielding supports under short-term dynamic loading. The paper considers the influence of thrust on strength, deformability and crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures under short-term dynamic loading, as well as the joint application of yielding supports and limitation of horizontal displacement of the support contour. The results of the study indicate positive effect of yielding supports application in structures with thrust.

In the modern world of information technology personal computers considerably dominate our everyday life. All real, field experiments and tryouts replace computer-aided simulations as they often save a lot of time. It is much easier to make the multiple calculations related inter alia to reinforced concrete structures using strain diagrams for the concrete and rebars. This is the method ensuring the results similar to the field tests and the only challenge is that many equation parameters have to be reduced. Therefore, the objective of the work is to propose a simplified mathematical model for describing the strain diagram of a bended slag-concrete element based on air-cooled slag (ACS) and the aggregate made of sieves (0...5 mm fraction) from crashed ACS originating from NLMK's Blast Furnace Operations, while implementation of the model helps to avoid complicated equilibrium experiments. As a result of the research and mathematical simulation of the bended element diagram a model capable of reflecting the sample behavior at any loading stage using maximum load and initial modulus of elasticity was proposed.

The article considers the design issue of vacuum filtering apparatuses from the point of view of minimizing filtering costs, provided that the maximum performance of vacuum filtration apparatuses is ensured. In the paper, the Darcy equation was considered. Based on it, the equations of filtration apparatus productivity were determined by filtrate and by dry sediment. It was determined that the maximum productivity of both filtrate and dry sludge in vacuum filtration apparatuses is observed with a maximum difference in free surfaces on the vertical filter baffle.

This article discusses the development of technical solutions for anti-erosion and landslide impact designs in the design and construction of buildings and structures in cramped urban conditions. They are created from composite nanomaterials. Many foreign and domestic scientists are engaged in such structures from soil-reinforced and soil-filled elements. We also examined the methods of calculating their justification and the results of experimental studies.

This article shows the results of a socially significant research, the relevance of which is constantly growing in current conditions, due to the impending global crisis. Research objectives are to develop theoretical knowledge in sphere of quality ecological assessment of the urbanized territories and identification of opportunities for their practical use in certain regions. Authors have systemized factors that affect on the quality of urban environment and identified main approaches, which are used in implementing of the quality ecological assessment of the urbanized territories' environment. Results of ecological and hygienic assessment of air quality of Irkutsk Region's (Russia) cities have been introduced as a part of the author's methodology. Main sources of pollution and their impact on atmospheric pollutant emissions have been identified. Urban areas with high level of air pollution have been revealed. Based on the findings, set of measures has been proposed to restore ecological balance in Irkutsk region, the implementation of which will improve the environmental conditions of atmospheric air as one of the criteria of quality assessment of urban territories. Methods of systemic and comparative analysis, expert opinions and social polls as well as ecological monitoring of the environment have been used during the research.

The issues of reconstruction of the historical environment of cities are one of the most acute when considering the problems of development of urbanized territories. A significant number of examples of the loss of historical monuments make it especially careful to the preserved architectural heritage. The process of revitalizing the planning of the territory in the area of the South (Yuzhniy) Station in the city of Kaliningrad is due to the incompleteness of the town-planning ensemble, which began to form at the end of the 19th century. Urban planning reconstruction of the territory is a complex of necessary scientific research and the preparation of a historical and cultural reference plan, which is defined by the Federal Law "On cultural heritage sites (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation" [1]. As a result of studying the stages of urban development of the historical territory of the city and analyzing its architectural and spatial organization, conceptual proposals for its development were developed.

Risk assessment of investment projects still remains a difficult problem in the real investment practice. The development of project financing techniques and methods complicated this task, because new subjects of investment activity, participating in the implementation of the project and requiring consideration of their interests appeared. This, in turn, is seen in the redistribution of common project risks. In addition, new forms of financing create new risks. In this article the authors systematized the risks of project financing which exist for every participant of the investment process throughout the project lifecycle. This approach has been tested on a real investment project. Taking risk into account and risk assessment should allow all interested parties to make an informed decision about the advisability of participating in the project.

The results of research to advance the study and practice of construction management in the context of greening and transition to a green economy are presented. The basic aim of the study: is exploration of development of management technologies space available to construction managers for the development of a fully interlinked system of indices of the controls as a model of environmentally sensitive and ecosystem-based management processes. Methods of system, logical and comparative analysis are used. The study provides an overview of the institutional environment and identified the factors dictating the necessity to transform technology of project management control in construction in accordance with the environmental regulations of development and the social needs of city-building activity. Has been reasserted the importance of increasing greening needs of the population, social and environmental responsibility of the construction business is shown. The author's concept is proposed and structured system of eco-engineering project as a role model for the development paradigm of technologies for governments in construction was introduced.

The article is devoted to development of theoretical positions as well as methodical and practical base for increasing the efficiency of cost management of construction project realization. The modernized organization and economic mechanism of formation and cost management of the construction project realization is proposed. This mechanism is determined as integrated system of planning and control for the cost of construction project realization. The main directions of harmonization of components of company's development due management system due to the process and project approach that combines advantages of value-oriented management and methodology of project management are indicated.

The article is about piling equipment. Piling equipment is a type of construction equipment that is used to drive piles, drill holes, build a pile foundation and perform other construction work. This concept includes several types of equipment. It is classified by appointment, by power, on attachments and basic equipment, on performance. Pile driving technology is used in modern construction to carry out a wide range of construction works. Depending on the destination, it is worth choosing a piling machine of a certain power and performance.