Table of contents

Cover page, Sponsors, Introduction, Aim, Objectives, Chairman, ICVSSD 2019 Organizing Committee, ICVSSD 2019 Technical Committee, List Of Papers, Chairman Welcoming Notes are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The initial surface and operating condition of rolling element bearing are very important as this may reduce or extend the lifetime of the bearings. Bearing condition monitoring is one of the most used method to evaluate the bearing performance. In this study, the vibration level and surface deformation produced by different contact stress condition is investigated. The experiment is carried out using rolling contact rig and the roller samples are fabricated to produce line contact similar to the roller bearing. The rollers are made from four different materials to produce different contact characteristics. The finding shows that the contact stresses affect the vibration level and the surface deformation of the rolling contact.

Hand-arm tremor is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and essential tremor (ET) and can result in difficulty of carrying out daily tasks such as eating and writing. One of the approaches to overcome this is the application active tremor cancellation (ATC) to attenuate the vibration due to the hand tremor on the device hold by the hand. There are several ATC spoons in the market which are meant to help the patient to eat however third-party evaluation of the effectiveness of this technology could not be found in the literature. This study evaluates Liftware, a spoon with ATC by measuring the acceleration performance of the spoon over the frequency range of 1-12 Hz which adequately covers both the PD and ET. In the first part of the study, the device was evaluated on the isolation index throughout the tested range of frequency along the vertical or gravitational, and the horizontal directions, the direction perpendicular to both gravitational and the longitudinal axis. Subsequently, the device was evaluated for the limit at which the food it contains start to spill. Solid food, typically boiled peas and liquid, namely curry was the food tested with the spoon. Ten measurements were carried out for each type of food and the average limits prior to spillage was presented. The results show that the isolation indices in vertical and horizontal directions range from 0.06 to 0.63 and 0.06 to 0.62 respectively at frequency range of 3-12Hz. The limits of the spoon in supporting the boiled peas and curry are 1.4g and 0.9g respectively. However, the preliminary study provides part of the knowledge useful for the potential users and researchers. Further study to subject the device under different conditions, especially in clinical settings is required.

Many devices consist of electronic parts and can be operated in a certain vibration environment for some instant without undergoing failure. Interconnection or joint plays a very important role in electronic devices to connect various electrical and mechanical parts altogether. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of interconnection performance under vibration loading in terms of natural frequency, mode shapes and transfer function. Four different models of LEDs are built for pull strength and vibration tests. The structural analysis of these models are carried out by using universal testing machine. The dynamic responses of four build matrices under certain random frequency are observed by random vibration analysis. In structural analysis, the samples are subjected to vertical displacement loading while in random vibration analysis, the models run in a frequency range of 3 Hz to 500 Hz. It is observed that the structure of the adhesive joints affect the strength of interconnection between circuit pad and LED joints. Furthermore, FEA analysis is also carried out to determine the stresses at solder joint under vibration condition. The models are excited from natural frequency and good comparison of the experimental results and FEA analysis are observed.

Nowadays, considerable attention has been paid on the utilization of natural materials to reduce the carbon emission from material synthesis. In this study, the sound and vibration damping properties of natural material based Poly Butylene Succinate(PBS) and Water Retted Kenaf Bast Fiber(WKF) were explored and characterized. The goal is to characterize the sound absorption and damping properties of the PBS and WKF at difference materials percentage. The (material)PBS and WKF are produced by using Compression moulding machine model Gotech GT-7014-H and the sample thickness is 3 mm. The vibration damping measurement of the material is carried out based on the free vibration method technique. It is observed that the damping factor is obtained is 0.0469 for PBS material. The measurement of the sound absorption coefficient of the PBS and WKF is carried out using the impedance tube. The result shows that the maximum sound absorption of 0.305 was observed at a frequency of 642 Hz for PBS material. Whereas Tensile Strength, for PBS material shows 26.33 MPa. These results suggest that the PBS could be a viable candidate for applications which need good sound and vibration properties.

This paper aims to provide the relation between surface roughness of angle grinder towards vibration amplitude. Prolong usage of angle grinder over excessive force will affect the performance of angle grinder where it tends to vibrate due to surface roughness of gear and create excessive vibration that will lead to hand-arm vibration system. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate surface roughness of the gear teeth of angle grinder affects the amplitude of vibration. The amplitude of the vibration for angle grinder is conducted by using LMS data acquisition system. Meanwhile, the roughness of the gear teeth is measured by using Keyence Laser Confocal Microscope. The data was taken by every 100 hours of grinding process. The results show that the surface roughness of the gear teeth is steadily decreasing due to contact between gears and subsequently resulted increasing the amplitude of the vibration. For 500 hours measurement, the correlation of surface roughness of gear teeth with the amplitude of vibration is 93.7% for marked tooth and 86.5% for adjacent tooth, this indicates the strongest possible agreement that when surface roughness of the gear teeth decreasing, the vibration amplitude is higher.

This paper presents information of detecting the gear using frequency domain technique in vibration analysis. In this study, vibration signal is very crucial in determining signal from defective gear. The quality of the signal displayed in the frequency spectrum are depends on the number of sampling frequency taken into account during acquiring the data. Insufficient number of samples may acquire poor signal in contrast with sufficient number of samples. The objective of this research emphasizes the various frequency resolution and centroid shifting frequency location to characterize the normal and defective gear. The development of test rig with a constant speed of 1493 RPM is designed and consist of simple pinion and gear. The DAQ (NI) with algorithm block diagram developed using LabVIEW is used to acquire the frequency domain data. It is found that by varying the number of samples will affect the resolution of the signal and subsequently tune the shifting centroid of frequency. By calculating the centroid shifting frequency have indicate that the amplitude of normal gear is 0.0128g, defect gear (broken tooth) is 0.052 g and defect gear (broken tooth 90°) is 0.0938g. The amplitude of normal gear, defect gear (broken tooth) and defect gear (broken tooth 90°) are located at frequency 745.829Hz, 746.757Hz and 746.2Hz respectively.

The application of conventional noise attenuating structures was often limited when the exchange of air was required due to the trade-off between their noise attenuation properties and ventilation efficiency. The large physical footprint of conventional noise attenuating structures with flow permeability had also limited their applications. This paper investigated the use of corrugation structure in lightweight honeycomb sandwich panels with flow permeability to improve noise attenuation while preserving ventilation. The vibro-acoustic property of the honeycomb structure with flow permeability at low to medium frequency range (50-3000 Hz) was investigated through numerical simulation. Two different hybrid panel designs with U-shaped and V-shaped corrugations in the honeycomb core had been proposed and were found to exhibit superior sound transmission loss (STL) compared to the honeycomb panel without significantly affecting the flow performance. It was found that in the frequency range of 50-3000 Hz, the unweighted STL of the U-shaped corrugation honeycomb hybrid panel (UCHP) and V-shaped corrugation honeycomb hybrid panel (VCHP) was 19 dB and 25 dB higher than the honeycomb panel respectively with negligible effect on the flow performance. The proposed hybrid panel showed promising noise attenuation applications which involved fluid flows such as in fan and engine noise reduction.

This study presents a development of simple expansion tube attach with micro-perforated cylindrical panel (MPCP) to improve the acoustic performance. A simulation based boundary element method (BEM) was carried out using PLM Simcenter 3D. The model was constructed in three dimensional in CAD NX Nastran 12 application and then meshing into small elements. The acoustic properties and boundary condition were defined for the simulation purpose. The model was then fabricated by 3D printer material and verified with the transmission loss measurement utilized the two-load method. In comparison, the transmission loss of simple expansion tube with and without MPCP show a good agreement of BEM analysis and experimental result. The addition of the MPCP inside the expansion tube improved the transmission loss by 2-10 dB in wider frequency band compared to the simple expansion tube. Finally, the air cavity depth of the expansion tube is varied to study it effect. Its showed that, the larger air cavity depth caused the transmission loss peak shift to a lower frequency range.

In this paper, the sound absorption coefficient for micro-perforated panel (MPP) is conducted to determine the acoustic properties of MPP. Two different kind of MPP with the same parameter is used. One is Nylon material and another one is Brass material. Both are fabricated by using 3D Printing technology and Laser Cut process respectively. The sound absorption coefficient of both 3D Printed Nylon MPP and Laser Cut Brass MPP is measured with two-microphone method by using Impedance Tube. The calculated sound absorption coefficient is done by using MATLAB software based on the Classic Maa model. The measured sound absorption coefficient is compared with the calculated result for both MPP. The comparison results show some deviation, like measured results produce a big dip, absorption peak frequency shifted towards higher frequency and wider absorption bandwidth observed when compared to the calculated result. In conclusion, it is found out hole imperfection effect is one of the reasons to the deviation produce between the compared result.

One method to absorb noise is by using acoustic absorber. Empty fruit bunch fibres (EFB) and mesocarp fibres (MF) are waste materials generated from palm oil mills. This research aimed to fabricate sustainable acoustic absorbing particleboard using EFB and MF to replace conventional materials currently used. Two parameters that were investigated are the mix ratio of the EFB and MF and the addition of binder (urea formaldehyde, UF) into the fibres. Sample thickness was maintained at 20 mm and 30 mm for samples with and without binder. The sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of the samples were tested using an impedance tube according to ISO 10534 – 2 standards. Samples produced using 50% EFB and 50% MF with and without binder shown the best SAC of 0.699 and 0.982 at 1200 Hz respectively. This is equal or better than conventional materials such as mineral wool with SAC values of 0.875 at 1000 Hz. Swelling test however shown that all samples do not meet the criteria by JIS A 5908 for particleboard. Future studies could include the use of green binder and different percentages of EFB, MF and binder.

One of sound-absorbent developed nowadays, micro-perforated panel (MPP), effectively reduce reflected acoustic energy after approach the panel based on a Helmholtz-type resonance absorber. Some MPPs modifications have been applied to increase its performance, like the application of double-leaf MPP. Furthermore, the implementation of sound absorption materials made of natural fibers recently has invited more attention to some researcher because it is biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and economical. In this paper, a sandwich panel made of double MPP and natural fiber as sound absorptive material is investigated. The MPPs are made of a transparent acrylic board 1.5 mm thickness, 0.8 mm hole's diameter with five mm hole distance in front panel, and five mm in the backing panel. Two different types of natural fibers panel; pineapple leaf fiber and oil palm fiber from empty fruit bunches are used in this sandwich. a low-cost impedance tube with double channel microphone is used to measure the sound absorption coefficients. It is found that the sandwich model changes the sound absorption characteristics of MPP by shifting the maximum absorption coefficient into the lower frequency and raising the absorption coefficient of the double MPP following its natural fiber panel absorption coefficient. The total impedance of sandwich gives the effect of decreasing the frequency peak of the absorption, and higher resistance of the fiber panel will increase the absorption coefficient and broaden the frequency peak.

The cavity inside microphone of two-way radio can induced noise when involved in outdoor and windy condition. An investigation was performed in Viwika wind tunnel involving a flow visualizations techniques to clarify the flow noise behavior generated by the wind, particularly within the cavity. A smoke wire test was conducted using a cavity model at varying aspect ratio (L/D) between 0.7 and 3 in angle of attack of 0º with Reynolds number of 7831. A two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models based on k-Epsilon turbulence model were conducted to validate the flow visualization result. The results revealed that the deep cavity with an aspect ratio (L/D) of 0.7 produced a single clockwise vortical flow structure and the aspect ratio (L/D) of 3 show the complex flow structure which two recirculation flow vortices were produced inside the cavity. The flow behavior in the CFD simulation was similar to the smoke test. It is shown the flow behaviour inside cavities was control by the aspect ratio (L/D).

Motorcycle rider is exposed to the handle vibration. Extended exposure to high level of handle vibration can result is hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVs). In South East Asia the majority of the motorcycle are powered by single cylinder small displacement (70 – 125 cc) engines. This paper describes the modal analysis of a small single cylinder underbone type motorcycle widely used in the rural and urban for commuting to workplace. A suspended handlebar is developed by mounting the handlebar on rubber mounts. Transmissibility measurement are carried out for static and on the road condition. There are conditions where transmissibility is above unity due to resonance for the existing handlebar and this condition is overcome by the suspended handlebar except at frequency of 25 Hand this was below the operating frequency range of the motorcycle engine of cruising speed (50 – 60 Hz). On the road tests show that the handlebar is effectively attenuate with the installation of the engine mounts. Maximum attenuation of 79 % is achieved at 3300 – 3400 rpm which give HAV of 3.41 ms⁻².

This paper explains the development of an ultrasonic scalpel for soft tissue dissection. It is used in both open and laparoscopic surgery to coagulate and dissect the soft tissue. The ultrasonic scalpel has been designed, prototyped, and characterized. The development includes its power supply with ultrasonic-wave-signal generator, ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic amplifier, a pair of end effectors, and a casing with trigger mechanism. Conceptual design was done by using SolidWorks, and the conceptual design was simulated and refined until optimum design is obtained. The prototype of the final design was done by using machining process for the metal components and rapid prototyping for the plastic parts which are finally assembled for characterization purpose, which includes the measurement of natural frequency, vibration stroke, and its capability to dissect soft tissue. The result shows that the natural frequency of the ultrasonic scalpel is 29.3 kHz, with peak to peak vibration stroke of 40µm. The ultrasonic scalpel can dissect muscle tissue of chicken in 16.6s at the maximum temperature along the dissection site of 81.7°C.

Human is exposed to whole-body vibration either in sitting, standing or recumbent position. Many studies had been carried out to study the vibration responses and develop the mathematical modelling in sitting and standing vertical position. According to previous studies, the resonant frequencies of the human body were identified to be in the range of 4-6 Hz and 8-12 Hz in the vertical position. Recumbent whole-body vibration also plays an important role as many situations in our everyday life are related to recumbent whole-body vibrations such as riding a train, ambulance transporting a patient or even sleeping. However, the studies of recumbent whole-body vibration are very lacking. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model to identify the response when a human body is subjected to recumbent whole-body vibrations. In this study, a nine degree of freedom mathematical model was developed, and the responses of the body were analyzed using Matlab Simulink. The overall resonant frequency of the body was found to be 1.4 Hz. Meanwhile, the head and neck had two resonant frequencies, which were 1.3 and 3.28 Hz for the head, and 1.4 and 3.4 Hz for the neck. This newly developed mathematical model can be used as a fundamental model to predict the response of any recumbent whole-body vibration.

The Fatigue of the mobile bearing component of ankle implant became one of the main causes of failure in ankle implant. This paper deal with the investigation of fatigue failure performance of mobile bearing for different gait cycles (normal, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion) using finite element method. The finite element analysis is one of the method to predict fatigue and identify the critical area that have highest contact stress on mobile bearing design of ankle implant. The three-dimensional solid modelling of STAR and BOX ankle implants are constructed using SolidWorks software. The finite element analyses are performed by using ANSYS software. The finite element model of the mobile bearing was analysed using static structural analysis approach. The most critical area on the mobile bearing of ankle implant was found on its middle bottom area. The obtained results also showed that the STAR mobile bearing has the higher life cycle than BOX before fatigue failure occurs. This finding is similar with experimental and clinical result done by previous researcher. Therefore, our Finite Element Model has potential to improve the mobile bearing at the designing stage to be better in future in term of fatigue failure resistance and has longer life span.

There have been different types of simplified femoral geometry incorporated into test systems for testing the biomechanical effectiveness of hip protectors. However, the effect of the simplification of femoral geometry in simulated sideways impact experiment has not been reported. In this study, an actual femoral geometry was fabricated and examined along with a simplified femoral geometry in a surrogate hip arrangement to mimic the fracture-causing situation in a sideways fall. A pendulum impact testing machine was used to evaluate the impact force response of both the femoral geometries at various velocity and constant residual impact energy for both geometries. The result showed that the peak impact force varied only 9% between actual and simplified geometries after normalizing the weight for both femurs in testing without a hip protector. However, a higher distinction of the impact force responses of both femurs was observed when testing with a hip protector. This findings at this moment suggest that the femur geometry affects the performance of a testing system. Therefore, the simplified femur geometry may not accurately substitute for the actual femur geometry in comparison of the impact attenuation of a hip protector in a simulated sideways fall.

Controlling the actuator in micro to microscale positioning is the challenge in the development of smart material actuator. The design of the existing commercial piezoelectric actuator is limited due to the material properties itself such as brittle which require special packaging and protection in order to avoid creep occurred. Magnetorheological linear actuator representing a relative new class in actuator development. the flexibility in MRE material potentially overcome the limitation of the piezoelectric actuator. This paper presenting the development of closed loop control system including the dynamic model, plant model and PID controller for linear MRE actuator. The control system was successfully developed and the MRE linear actuator able to generate the displacement at certain steady state error.

Chenderoh Dam that located in Malaysia is one of renewable energy power plant that beneficial to mankind. However, in some cases, the dam suffers from the vibration effect during the water spilling from upstream to downstream. This study focused on major part of the dam which is the intake section during the tunnel surging condition. A detail 3D model of the intake section was constructed and used in the prediction of flow-induced vibration response. The results of frequency domain response and operational defection shapes (ODS) from the effect of flow-induced vibration are compared with the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the dam. From the results, the transient vibration responses due to the flow of water occurred at the frequency of 8.63 Hz with the maximum deformation of 8.24 x 10⁻¹ m, meanwhile, the modal analysis obtained at 2.76 Hz of natural frequency with deformation of 9.1 x 10⁻⁴ m. The deformation of ODS is high because of the water flow and tunnel surging condition. However, there is no resonance phenomenon occurred, yet a safety precaution must still be considered by the operator based on this result.

Dam can be defined as a barrier built across the river to restrain and control the flow of water. However, the safety of the dam structure can be threatened by the uncertainties vibration induced from internal and external sources. Thus, in this paper, the vibration analysis in terms of Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) and Operational Deflection Shapes (ODS) are carried out to determine the reliability of the dam structure. This study only focused on the spillway structure of the Chenderoh Dam that located in Perak, Malaysia. For the simulation, a 3D physical model with 1:20 scale is developed using SolidWorks software and simulated using ANSYS software. Whilst, for validation of the simulation results, EMA and ODS experiment are performed on the physical model of the Chenderoh Dam. The validation will be in terms of mode shape, ODS, natural and operating frequencies. From the results, the first natural frequency of the spillway occurred at 220.87 Hz with the maximum deflection of 1.6 mm and the ODS deformation happened at operating frequency of 45 Hz with the amplitude value of 0.003 m. The operating frequency value is far from the natural frequency of 220.87 Hz; thus, the transient vibration only induces a minimal effect on the spillway structure and the spillway is considered safe for the operation.

Dam reliability analysis is conducted to access the integrity of dam structure and thus to prevent dam failure. This paper presents the numerical reliability study of reservoir banks of water dam by the mean of fluid/structure interaction (FSI) simulation. Through FSI, the hydrostatics effect of the water in reservoir on the wall of dam was successfully simulated and identified. From the current numerical work, relatively stagnant water on the dam bank was observed, with the increasing water pressure along the water depth. Subsequently, localized high stress and deformation on the dam structure was successfully identified, and suitable countermeasures were being recommended. For the current investigated dam bank structure, the highest deformation and stress detected are respectively 1.185 mm and 3.12 MPa. Therefore, at present operating configuration, it is concluded the bank would not exhibit any failures.

Sediment transport typically due to combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and/or the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained. This paper gives an exposure simulation of three-dimensional (3D) sediment transports by using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) at coastal area. The SPH formulation from Monaghan constructed in the code is modified according to the desired model to be solved. The code is then computed by using single Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) with 14 cores multiprocessors. The behavior of sediment transport is investigated in this research based on Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou (HBP) model. A constant sinewave of 0.5sin(0.5πt) is applied to the fluid domain to create sea wave effect that will cause sediment transport. The results show that the goal to get sediment transport is achieved and for the further study, the rate of erosion and accretion can be determined to give more meaningful and valuable to the result.

A sediment profile erosion with interaction of water which moving with wave generator are model in three-dimensional (3D) by using numerical method Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The code is constructed using SPH formulation from Monaghan and both sediment and water are modelled as weakly compressible viscous fluids. The wave generator is set with a constant sinewave of 0.24sin(2.6πt). The sediment model with slope angle 36.464° is constructed in Solidworks with boundary length of 1206 mm, width of 454 mm and height of 463 mm. Meanwhile, the model is simulated in period of 15s. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to add degree of trustiness to the results. The impact of generated wave to the sediment profile is analysed. The result show that the sediment starts eroded at 3 s. Afterwards, the sediment continued eroded whereby the sediment starts to move from the top region to lower region. This phenomenon due to swash and backwash of the wave that being generated by wave generator. Thus, the results show that the sediment erosion successfully simulated by using SPH.