Table of contents

Preface

2018 the 2nd International Conference on Materials Engineering and Nano Sciences (ICMENS 2018) has been held in The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, during January 11-13, 2018. The purpose of ICMENS 2018 is promoting the creativity in the scope of materials engineering and Nano sciences.

ICMENS 2018 has attracted experts and scholars, a group of the authors and other related people attended the conference with apparent interest. We appreciate those who responded to our proposal and submitted their papers, especially those whose papers have been selected for the conference ICMENS 2018, the sponsors who have provided their valuable and professional suggestions and instructions and the scholars and professors who have spent their efforts as peer reviewers.

This proceedings of ICMENS 2018 presents papers submitted to the conference from universities, research institutes and industries. The papers selected depended on their quality and their relevancy to the conference. The volume tends to present to the readers the recent advances in the field of nanomaterials and material physics, material mechanics and solid mechanics, alloys and coatings, mechanical and manufacturing engineering, and etc. Hopeful this proceedings would be the beneficial to all participants of the conference and other readers.

ICMENS 2018 Organizing Committee

January 15, 2018

List of Conference Committees are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

We investigate temporal Young's double-slit interferences of a quantum fluxon in quantum Josephson nanocircuits, in order to explore the nonlocality of time at macroscopic scales. We employ Gaussian wave-packet approaches to describe the time evolution of the quantum fluxon. We obtained an analytic formula for the probability density of finding the quantum fluxon at a detector's position as a function of time, and found interference fringes in the time domain. This shows nonlocal nature of time at macroscopic scales and also provides potential applications for a new type of building blocks of quantum information in solid state devices.

Electrochromic films of molybdenum / tungsten trioxide (MoO₃/WO₃) prepared from a solution of peroxotungstic acid (PTA) were formed on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate using the sol-gel and dip coating methods at difference ratios of MoO₃ of 15, 30 and 50 %mol. The effect of MoO₃ on the structure, morphology, optical and electrochromic properties of films were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic force microscope (AFM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer and Cyclic voltammogram (CV), respectively. The 30 %mol MoO₃ doped WO₃ film demonstrated a good electrochemical properties in terms of diffusion coefficient better than other ratios and pure WO₃ due to its large surface area of the high roughness composite film.

Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon nanoparticles with unique properties, including high photo stability and low toxicity. In this work, CDs were synthesized from black sesame via one-step hydrothermal method. CDs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the size of CDs was around 7 nm, and they exhibited blue fluorescent emission with a quantum yield of 1%. The obtained CDs were applied in sensing applications for metal ion detection and ethylenediamine vapour using an electronic nose. This work thus demonstrated that carbon dots prepared from black sesame are intriguing sensing materials for various chemicals.

The Ising model with the nearest-neighbor interaction J₂ and four-spin interaction J₄ on the honeycomb-lattice is investigated. The correlation relationships among two-spins and four-spins are calculated. The effects of spin-spin interactions on phase diagrams are investigated analytically and numerically. Evidence from our derivation indicates that the classification of the phase-transition depends on the ratio of J₄ to J₂.

Carbon dots are fascinating nanomaterials due to their low cost, straightforward preparation, unique optical properties, and biocompatibility. In this work, carbon dots were prepared from yogurt using pyrolysis method. The carbon dots were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The carbon dots were applied for detecting formic acid vapor using electronic nose system. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of carbon dots were investigated to show their potentials for biomedical applications. Based on these research, carbon dots from yogurt were multifunctional fluorescent nanomaterials for various applications.

Theoretical and experimental research of nanocomposite materials have shown that usage of carbon nanotubes as a reinforcement, significantly improves the mechanical properties of aforementioned composites. Carbon nanotubes rarely appear in ideal form. Different defects within nanotube structure such as vacancy defects, or waved shape of the nanotube, can greatly influence the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube and thus, decrease the final mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced composites. The paper at hand investigates degradation of basic mechanical properties of single and double walled carbon nanotubes, straight and waved, with different vacancy and topological defects. Also, various nanotube patterns are considered.

The materials for making the construction elements are selected according to the required conditions and the available material properties. In this sense mechanical properties and material behavior of the materials such as 42CrMo4 steel, X46Cr13 steel and X6CrNiTi18-10 steel were investigated. Mechanical properties of the mentioned materials are shown in the form of engineering stress-strain diagrams, creep behavior is presented in the form of creep curves while uniaxial fatigue of these materials are given using life diagrams. These materials differ in chemical composition, their strength properties differ within 20% while their fatigue limits are significantly different.

Three dimensional and four directional carbon fiber reinforced SiC matrix (Cf/SiC) composites were fabricated by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process with ameliorated interface employing a new precursor, liquid polyvinylcarbosilane (LPVCS). LPVCS is a novel precursor with active Si-H and –CH=CH₂ groups with relatively high oxygen content (∼7.3wt. %). The mechanical properties improvement led by ameliorated interface was researched. Samples with ameliorated interface employing LPVCS showed better mechanical properties than those employing ploycarbpsilane (PCS). The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the Cf/SiC composites fabricated with PCS were 301 MPa and 11.2 MPa•m^1/2, respectively, whereas the equivalent values of the samples fabricated with ameliorated interface were 421 MPa and 25.6 MPa•m^1/2, respectively. Employing LPVCS for the first infiltration and pyrolysis cycle formed suitable interface, then employing PCS as precursor for the left cycles formed relatively low oxygen content matrix, this the main reason of mechanical properties improvement.

To study the low temperature effects of compressive mechanical properties on Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant, a quasi-static mechanical experiment was conducted. The results show that compressive mechanical parameters are closely related to strain rate and low temperature. With the decrease of temperature and increase of strain rate, the modulus and compressive strength of HTPB propellant increase obviously. Based on the time-temperature equivalence principle (TTEP), the master curves of compressive strength and initial modulus for HTPB propellant were obtained, which can facilitate the structural integrity analysis of the propellant.

The lengthy and irregular cracks occur when eggs are impacted. These egg samples with cracks can be used for thermal image to study the display of the crack. The purpose in the study was to analyse eggs impacted by free fall and measure the crack length with a self-developed image analysis system, further investigating the relationship between the impact energy and the crack length. The image analysis system comprised Image Import, Gray Level Processing, Binary Transform, Dilation and Labelling. Finally, all crack blocks could be obtained, as well as the area, perimeter and length could be determined. The test results showed that a height of free fall between 24-42 mm or an impact energy of 12-26 mJ would cause cracks similar to those when eggs were collected. The larger energy was, and the longer crack length was, presenting in linear relationship, as well as the egg source to the relation would be greatly influenced.

In the present work, by considering the agglomeration effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes, free vibration characteristics of functionally graded (FG) nanocomposite plates is presented. The volume fractions of randomly oriented agglomerated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. To determine the effect of CNT agglomeration on the elastic properties of CNT-reinforced composites, a two-parameter micromechanical model of agglomeration is employed. The effects of geometrical and material parameters on the frequency parameters of the FG nanocomposite plates are investigated. For an overall comprehension on 3-D vibration of rectangular plates, some mode shape contour plots are reported in this research work.

In this study, three CrSiN based coatings were fabricated using cathodic arc deposition (CAD) technique. CrSiCN coatings were obtained by using metal plasma activated CAD process to decompose the C₂H₂ and N₂ reactive gas. The analyzed CrSiCN coatings were obtained with higher hardness and smooth surface. With addition of Si (8.7 at.% ) and C (41 at.%) in the coatings, the hardness increased to Hv3300 which is resulted from the addition of CrCN and CNx new phases. Tribological test shows the coefficient of friction of CrSiCN down to 0.2 was observed with the addition of Si and C, related to hardness and smooth surface. However, the corrosion resistance of the CrSiN coating is better than that of CrSiCN coating in the 1M H₂SO₄ solution at room temperature.

The inherent frequency-dependent hysteresis nonlinearities of magnetostrictive actuator prominently limit its performance. In this paper, a hybrid hysteresis model comprising a frequency-independent hysteresis model cascaded an adaptive finite impulse response filter is developed to improve the performance of actuators. For the frequency-independent part, a generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii model that have analytical inversion is adopted. Besides, a modified coral reefs optimization algorithm is applied to identify the parameters to improve the model accuracy. The adaptive filter is utilized to adapt to the rate-dependent characteristic. The model validation results show that the hybrid model can satisfactorily describe the frequency-dependent hysteresis.

In this paper, TiAlN hard thin film is deposited on hard alloy surface by magnetron sputtering; at 400 °C to 825 °C, oxidation experiment is performed for the samples; XRD is used for phase analysis of TiAlN hard thin film; Through the use of HVS-1000 digital micro-hardness tester and WS-2004 automatic scratching tester, microhardness of the samples and substrate-film adherence are analyzed. Results show: the microhardness and coherence of TiAlN thin film reduces with the rise of temperature; at 800 °C, the microhardness and substrate-film adherence remain at 1603 HV and 48 N respectively; it is found through comprehensive judgment that TiAlN thin film can work under 800 °C.

Theories regarding texture transition mechanisms of brass alloys and its critical deformation level of when the change of texture transition occurs are still in debate. Previous observation showed that copper type texture dominantly formed at high temperature process whereas brass type texture tended to occur at low temperature. In contrast, another research observed the occurrence of copper type texture at low strain level while higher strain level resulted in brass type texture. Thus further research is needed to affirm one that well-satisfy the actual texture transition phenomenon. In this research, Cu-Zn-xBi alloys were produced by gravity casting process using pure Cu and Zn ingots with varied Bi addition of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 wt. %. As-cast samples were homogenized at 800 °C for 2 h in a muffle furnace. The samples were then cold-rolled with the level of deformation of 20, 40, and 70 %. Characterization includes chemical composition analysis, microstructure observation, hardness testing, and texture measurement. Results showed that addition of Bi prompted Bi-rich dispersoid phase which segregated inside the grain and along the grain boundary in globular forms. Slip was dominant at 20 % deformation level and its density increased with the addition of Bi. At 40 % deformation, twinning replaced slip as the predominant mechanism. The twin density increased with higher Bi content. Further deformation at 70% produced shear bands and flattened the Bi dispersoid phase. Greater Bi content induced the formation of shear band. At 40% deformation, pole figure images show the trend of copper type texture with orientation of {112} <111> with intensity of 7.92. This texture was formed by mechanical twinning during deformation process. At 70 % deformation, samples illustrated the combination of brass and Goss type texture at orientation of {110} <112> and {110} <001> due to the shear band.

This article presents influences of clearance size and material parameters on the dynamic response of a slider-crank mechanism with imperfect revolute joints in dry contacting condition. The mechanism was created by Solidworks and a finite element method in ANSYS software was used to analyze the effects which presented and discussed. The simulation results revealed that the acceleration of two sliders was obviously shaking with high peaks when the clearance size equal to 0.3 mm which differ from the ideal joint. Moreover, the smaller Young's modulus material of journals indicated the significant effects on acceleration of mechanical systems. The reasons are due to a suddenly increase of contact force when the journal impacted into the bearing in imperfect revolute joints. The simulation results for the clearance size equal to 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm were close to an ideal joint. It demonstrated that clearance size and material characteristic played an important role in dynamics analysis of mechanical systems.

A three degree of freedom model of spiral groove liquid lubricated seal was established for studying the effects of centrifugal inertia on dynamic characteristics. The dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of liquid lubricated seal with centrifugal inertia and those without centrifugal inertia were obtained by means of finite element method, and then comparative analysis was carried out. Results indicate that dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients are increased linearly with the increase of rotating speed. Dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients decrease with the increasing film thickness. The effects of centrifugal inertia on axial stiffness coefficient and angular coupling stiffness coefficient can be neglected under different rotating speed and different film thickness. When the values of rotating speed and film thickness are large, the effect of centrifugal inertia on angle stiffness coefficient cannot be ignored. Centrifugal inertia has no effects on dynamic damping coefficients with the variation of rotating speed and film thickness.

The surface of laser micro processing has great differences compared with the traditional machining surface. To research surface topography is of great significance for laser processing surface property. Combined with the laser mechanism, the surface characteristics of micro blind-hole drilled with different pulse energy and number were studied in the materials of spring steel 65Mn, stainless steel SUS301 and ceramic Al₂O₃. The results indicate that large pulse energy makes the hole much irregular and multi-pulse may cause the surface much rough. A large amount of molten material gathers around the hole for 65Mn and SUS301 while not for Al₂O₃ because of different processing mechanism. Therefore, process parameters and conditions should be explored for better surface topography of laser drilling.

This paper presents a nonlinear control technology controlled AC power conditioning with application to ultraprecision machining of steel materials. The presented technology associates the advantages of finite-time tracking control (FTTC) and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). The FTTC allows insensitivity to system uncertainties as well as system states finite-time convergence. It is a remarkable fact that the chatter will occur in face of highly dynamic loads. The chatter causes high output-voltage distortion in AC power conditioning, and the ultraprecision machining of steel materials may be instability and unreliability. The CSA is thus used to attenuate the chatter so that the AC power conditioning can provide robust performance for ultraprecision machining of steel materials. Because the proposed control technology is easier to implement than prior technologies and achieves high tracking precision and low calculational-complexity algorithm, experiments display low total harmonic distortion and fast transience in the output voltage, and this paper will be helpful to researchers of related ultraprecision machining of steel materials.