Table of contents

Preface

It is our great pleasure to introduce you the proceedings of 2017 5th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Materials Engineering (ACMME 2017) held in Tokyo, Japan from June 9-11, 2017. ACMME 2017 is dedicated to issues related to mechanical and materials engineering. One of the objectives of the conference is to establish platforms for collaborative research projects in this field, and to find potential opportunities for international cooperation. The conference program included keynote, oral, and poster presentations from scholars working in the areas of materials science and engineering. It covered recent trends and progress made in the field of mechanical and materials engineering. Professors from USA, Malaysia and Taiwan were invited to deliver keynote speeches regarding the latest information in their respective areas of expertise.

These proceedings present a selection from papers submitted to the conference by universities, research institutes, and industries. All the papers were subject to peer-review by conference committee members and international reviewers. The papers were selected based on their quality and their relevance to the conference. The volume presents recent advances in the field of mechanical and materials engineering as well as various related areas, including Materials Science, Biomaterials, Manufacturing Processes, and Mechanical Engineering, among others.

We would like to express our gratitude to all the members of the conference committee. We would also like to thank the reviewers, who spared their valuable time, for their advice. It has certainly helped improve the quality, accuracy, and relevance of each paper selected for the conference program and for publication. We also wish to thank all the authors who have contributed to this conference, as well as the organizing committee, reviewers, speakers, chairpersons, sponsors, and all the conference participants for their support for ACMME 2017.

Prof. Omar S. Es-Said, Loyola Marymount University, USA

September 5, 2017

List of Conference Committee Chairs, Program Committee Chairs, International Technical Committees are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites were prepared by a "one step" method based on the coprecipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets in the polymer aqueous solution. The morphology, fire resistance properties, mechanical and optical properties of the PVA/LDH nanocomposites were studied. The LDH nanosheets were homogeneously dispersed in the PVA matrix as indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization. Meanwhile, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were decreased by 58% and 28%, respectively. Storage modulus at 30 °C was increased, and the transmittance of more than 90% at the visible region was obtained upon addition of 5 wt% LDH.

Parametric instability condition is an important consideration in design process as it can cause failure in machine elements. In this study, parametric instability behaviour was studied for a simple shaft and disk system that was subjected to axial load under pinned-pinned boundary condition. The shaft was modelled based on the Nelson's beam model, which considered translational and rotary inertias, transverse shear deformation and torsional effect. The Floquet's method was used to estimate the solution for Mathieu equation. Finite element codes were developed using MATLAB to establish the instability chart. The effect of additional disk mass on the stability chart was investigated for pinned-pinned boundary conditions. Numerical results and illustrative examples are given. It is found that the additional disk mass decreases the instability region during static condition. The location of the disk as well has significant effect on the instability region of the shaft.

Most of structural topology optimization problems have been formulated and solved to either minimize compliance or weight of a structure under volume or stress constraints, respectively. Even if, a lot of researches are conducted on these two formulation techniques separately, there is no clear comparative study between the two approaches. This paper intends to compare these formulation techniques, so that an end user or designer can choose the best one based on the problems they have. Benchmark problems under the same boundary and loading conditions are defined, solved and results are compared based on these formulations. Simulation results shows that the two formulation techniques are dependent on the type of loading and boundary conditions defined. Maximum stress induced in the design domain is higher when the design domains are formulated using compliance based formulations. Optimal layouts from compliance minimization formulation has complex layout than stress based ones which may lead the manufacturing of the optimal layouts to be challenging. Optimal layouts from compliance based formulations are dependent on the material to be distributed. On the other hand, optimal layouts from stress based formulation are dependent on the type of material used to define the design domain. High computational time for stress based topology optimization is still a challenge because of the definition of stress constraints at element level. Results also shows that adjustment of convergence criterions can be an alternative solution to minimize the maximum stress developed in optimal layouts. Therefore, a designer or end user should choose a method of formulation based on the design domain defined and boundary conditions considered.

This paper presents numerical assessment of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) material using finite element (FE) method. Since UHPC is a relatively new material with superior strength and energy absorption, the concrete models on UHPC in FE analysis are not fully capturing behavior of UHPC. In this study, the calibration of concrete models for UHPC is exploited. The calibrated models show their capability to capture the response of UHPC material quite well compared with experiment. More details of results are discussed.

Micro-dies, molds and miniaturized products can be manufactured using micro EDM process. In this research, EDM machine and on-machine fabricated CuW micro-electrode were utilized to produce the micro holes in WC-16%Co. The effects of voltage, current, pulse ON time, pulse OFF time, capacitor and rotating speed on Material removal rate (MRR) during micro EDM drilling of WC-16% Co was analyzed using fractional factorial design method. ANOVA analysis shows that increasing current, rotating speed, capacitor and decreasing voltage and pulse ON time lead to the amplify in MRR. It was found that out of all the factors, current and capacitor had the most significant effect on MRR, while the effect of capacitor was more than current. Eventually, it can be concluded that micro holes can be produced using EDM machine.

Three type mixtures of magnesium phosphate cement with emulsified asphalt for evaluation their properties. The mixtures of the samples were fabricated and allowed them 2 hours, seven and twenty eight days curing before tested by compressive strength, Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength to probe into their engineering properties. The test results show that all tests have the greatest values at the 28 days curing and too much asphalt emulsion may cause too soft as result of low stability. The compressive strength of Type-III mixture has the greatest value, no matter what curing time is. The Marshall stability test and indirect tensile strength of the Type-III mixture are qualified by the specification required for fast maintenance. The more asphalt emulsion added, the less compressive strength has.

Technological developments regarding the tools and methods used to determine the level of damage to roads, does not necessarily assure benefits to its users. Need further analysis and testing to determine its effectiveness. In terms of damage to the road using flexible pavement, IRI (International Roughness Index) method needs to be studied and compared with the SDI (Surface Distress Index) method which has been used in Indonesia. Damage to the roads using flexible pavement indicates the quality of materials used in flexible pavement. The method used in this study is a survey directly in the field using both methods. Then the results were compared and analyzed using statistical analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of IRI compared to SDI. The result reveals that there are no significant differences between IRI and SDI. In other words, IRI can be used singly replace SDI.

The 38CrMoAl steels were nitrided at different temperatures for 7 h using active screen plasma discharge. The analysis showed that the thick compound layer composed of ε-Fe_2–3N and γ'-Fe₄N was formed on the surface. The corrosion behavior was evaluated by measuring the anodic polarization curves in natural sea water (similar 3.5% NaCl solution), and observation of corroded surface were conducted. The electromechanical measurements indicated that the corrosion potential of the nitrided specimens shifted to a nobler value compared to that of untreated specimens. Passive regions were also observed in the polarization curves for all the nitrided specimens. These results indicate that active screen plasma nitriding can enhance the corrosion resistance of the 38CrMoAl steel under marine environment.

The correlated X-ray scattering (CXS) was introduced and compared with other methods which were used to study the structures of the biomacromolecules in solution, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron microscope (EM) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Then the corrected results of the sum, the mean, the median and the variance of the scattering intensity that we collected from xFEL (x-ray Free Electron Laser) experiments in SACLA were calculated. Furthermore, the density scanning method was used to pick out the useful cluster and the other 28 useless clusters were filtered. Finally, our results will lay a good foundation for the application of correlated X-ray scattering (CXS) in computing the angular correlation of the scattering intensity with the one chosen cluster effectively in future.

A 3D unit cell model with a hole has been set up to analyze the stress and strain distribution near the hole of nickel-based single crystal. The emphasis is placed on the influence of secondary orientation on the mechanical behavior of cell model. The crystallographic slip theory was applied to calculate the elasto-plastic deformation. The results show that, the maximum Mises stress and the maximum resolved shear stress are strongly dependent on the secondary orientation. The minimum plastic strain energy density criterion predicts that the optimal orientation of the hole is <100> crystallographic orientation. In addition, the secondary orientation has limited influence on the stress distribution near the hole. But the influence of the secondary orientation on the plastic strain energy density distribution around the hole is obvious.

Ventilation system inside production line for electronic component production needs to meet the factory standard. Because it can eliminate small particles which may cause of human or machine in production as well as it can distribute the circulating air temperature uniformly. CFD is used in this research in order to study the feasibility and plan for machine layout in production line before actual installation. The simulation shows the airflow in every area inside production line. From simulation with releasing the particles from human and machine is found that this ventilation system generates airflow that makes most particles float out of the machines and no particle downs to the conveyor, it results to contamination. In addition, the simulation also shows the range of 19-26 °C air temperature that meets the factory standard. The results of this research are the parts of the data to renovate the production line to get more efficiency and proper on the production.

The studied predictive model of behavior viscosimetric is the model of K.A. Petersen [1]. The dominant idea of this method is to characterize the viscosity of a fluid from two models taken as a reference in passing through a reduced pressure. The method is corresponding state with two references. This study shows that this method is dependent on the choice of reference and for each of the possibilities of C10/C6H6 and C1/C10 references . The results were investigated for four different weight ratios. It shows that the introduction of an adjusted coefficient does not improve significantly compared to results without adjustment factor, which appears to be the best choice. Regarding the influence of the choice of references, generally the two couples appear suitable but we noted that the choice is not necessary. In the case of mixtures containing at least one aromatic, the results are correct, especially if one takes the ratio of adjustment and our ratio without adjustment compared to that of K. A. PETERSEN[1]. The experimental results of the viscosity exhibit a good agreement with the calculated values. We can predict that the relative improvement is the finding that the introduction of the second body of reference (C₁₀) from the model states corresponding to a reference (C₁) of the authors.

A new biodegradable wood pulp/Lyocell moist wipe had been developed, which made from wetlaid/spunlace(wetlace) technology. The dry and wet tensile curve characteristics were described and the relationship between dry and wet strength in both machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CD) were investigated. The results indicate that the fabricated wetlace materials are composed of the entanglements and cohesions of wood pulp/Lyocell fibres. The modulus and tensile strength of the materials were obviously decreased in wet state, and the tensile curves in the dry and wet state both can be divided into two parts. It is noted that there exists a high linear correlation between the dry and wet strength in MD or CD. Meanwhile, the diminished amplitude of wet strength in CD is larger than that of wet strength in MD and the relationship fluctuation between the wet and dry strength in CD is significantly higher than that in MD.

A wire rope continuously variable transmissions (WR-CVT) has been introduced in the paper, in view of its less research, this paper mainly studied the stress distribution of 6×7+IWS bending wire rope. The results shown that the wire stress is layered distribution in each section, the stress at the outer strand center wire and outer strand side wire was the greatest, the stress value of the outer strand side wire and metal block circular notch is second. As the transmission ratio decreases, the wire stress decreases, which is related to the pulley working radius increases. Compared with the section A1, the stress value on the section A2 is smaller, mainly because the section A2 is not in contact with the metal block or the contact pressure is small. This study provides a basis for the study of fatigue and wears failure of WR-CVT components.

In this study, the finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to analyze the composite wind turbine blade. The wind turbine blade model used is adopted from the 5 MW model of US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The wind turbine blade is a sandwich structure, comprising outermost carbon fiber cloth/epoxy composites, the inner glass fiber/vinylester layers, and PVC foam core, together with stiffeners. The wind pressure is converted into the load on the blade structure. The stress distribution and deformation of wind turbine blade were obtained by considering different pitch angles and at different angular positions. The Tsai-Hill criterion was used to determine the failure of wind turbine blade. The results show that at the 0° pitch angle, the wind turbine blade is subjected to the largest combined load and therefore the stress is the largest; with the increasing pitch angle, the load gradually decreases and the stress is also smaller. The stress and displacement are the greatest when the wind blade is located at 120° angular position from its highest vertex.

This paper gives an overview of acoustic modeling for three kinds of typical lightweight structures including double-leaf plate system, stiffened single (or double) plate and porous material. Classical models are citied to provide frame work of theoretical modeling for acoustic property of lightweight structures; important research advances derived by our research group and other authors are introduced to describe the current state of art for acoustic research. Finally, remaining problems and future research directions are concluded and prospected briefly

Electroslag Remelting Process (further – ESR) is an advanced technology of ingots' production, which are used in applications such as aviation, power generation, medicine etc. [1, 2]. However, the purity of the resulting metal and its structural homogeneity depend on the selected remelting regime. This article provides mathematical calculation, which allows estimating the optimal shape of the electrode's end and this will contribute to the creation of optimal conditions for obtaining the maximum performance values of electroslag remelting. Such conditions can be provided at radial flow of molten metal on the even melted-off surface, that is reached by rotation of the melted electrode with an optimum speed.

In this paper, a four-degree-of-freedom articulated palletizing robot is used as the object of research. Based on the analysis of the overall configuration of the robot, the kinematic mathematical model is established by D-H method to figure out the workspace of the robot. In order to meet the needs of design and analysis, using AutoCAD secondary development technology and AutoLisp language to develop AutoCAD-based 2D and 3D workspace simulation interface program of palletizing robot. At last, using AutoCAD plugin, the influence of structural parameters on the shape and position of the working space is analyzed when the structure parameters of the robot are changed separately. This study laid the foundation for the design, control and planning of palletizing robots.

The objective of this paper is to design the autothermal reformer (ATR) temperature control by using a coefficient diagram method (CDM). The adiabatic temperature is a main controlled variable of the ATR which is a combination of endothermic and exothermic reactions. The simulation results of control parameters were calculated to maintain the ATR reaction temperature by manipulating air feed flow rate. In this work, two strategies of ATR temperature controller system with and without the feed temperature control of a preheater unit are compared to investigate the appropriate controller system when the change of surrounding temperature is considered as a key disturbance. The results showed that by using the CDM, the stability and robustness for controlling the ATR temperature system were considered to offer the proper control parameters and the designed temperature control of ATR system gave a good performance to maintain the controlled variables and reject the disturbance. Moreover, the ATR control system design with the feed temperature controller can compensate the surrounding temperature better than that without the feed temperature control.

This research will deal with the analysis and design of an anti-theft bicycle. At the first, the structure of the bicycle lock device will be focused. Therefore, all related academic journals, dissertations, and patent were collected, ordered, classified, and analysis in order to understand the phase of the developing tendency towards the bicycle lock apparatus presently. Nowadays, a wave of riding bicycles all over the world is quite prevailing. Also, the bicycles incline to be high-price sporting and recreational equipment. Due to this, the rate of stolen bicycles has increased as well. Even though there are many different types of bicycle locks sold on the market, they are unable to work out effectively to prevent from being stolen because they are easy to be broken. In this case, the target design in this research will be mainly put on the simple structure and facile use enabling users feeling secure to park their bicycles. The design also includes a lock that works together with the bicycle frame to provide a new option of anti-theft design for bicycles. We defined the functional requirements by the process of an innovative mechanical design, before designing the fundamental bicycle structure of the present anti-theft bicycle and finally integrate all the requirements of design. The SolidWorks software was used to draw a 3D model of the anti-theft bicycle; the ANSYS software was also used to do CAE analysis, to understand the distribution of stress, so that the design and the requirements of use are met.

Bi-fuel-Gasoline/LPG system has been effectively and efficiently used in gasoline vehicles with less pollutants emission. The motorcycle tested was a used Honda AirBlade i110 - fuel injection type. A 3-litre LPG storage tank, an electronic fuel control unit, a 1-mm LPG injector and a regulator were securely installed. The converted motorcycle can be started with either gasoline or LPG. The safety relief valve was set below 48 kPa and over 110 kPa. The motorcycle was tuned at the relative rich air-fuel ratio (λ) of 0.85-0.90 to attain the best power output. From dynamometer tests over the speed range of 65-100 km/h, the average power output when fuelling LPG was 5.16 hp; dropped 3.9% from the use of gasoline91. The average LPG consumption rate from the city road test at the average speed of 60 km/h was 40.1 km/l, about 17.7% more. This corresponded to lower LPG's energy density of about 16.2%. In emission, the CO and HC concentrations were 44.4% and 26.5% lower. Once a standard gas equipment set with ECU and LPG injector were securely installed and the engine was properly tuned up to suit LPG's characteristics, the converted bi-fuel motorcycle offers efficiently, safely and economically performance with environmental friendly emission.

To balance the robustness and the convergence speed of optimization, a novel hybrid algorithm consisting of Taguchi method and the steepest descent method is proposed in this work. Taguchi method using orthogonal arrays could quickly find the optimum combination of the levels of various factors, even when the number of level and/or factor is quite large. This algorithm is applied to the inverse determination of elastic constants of three composite plates by combining numerical method and vibration testing. For these problems, the proposed algorithm could find better elastic constants in less computation cost. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has nice robustness and fast convergence speed as compared to some hybrid genetic algorithms.

Ultrasonic welding has been applied for joining thermoplastic components due to their advantages such as clean, fast and reliable. The basic principle is to use the mechanical energy of ultrasonic frequency vibration to produce the molten pool at the interface of the joined components under high pressure to create solid-state welding joints. Depending on the specific application, the ultrasonic horn is designed to generate suitable amplitudes on the surface of the welding zone. Uniformity of the amplitudes can be a challenge as the welding area increases. Therefore, design a welding horn in order to obtain the uniform amplitudes at the large area is significant difficult. This work presents a method for obtaining the uniform amplitudes at the working surface of the stepped wide-blade horn. Finite element method is used to analyze the amplitude distribution at the horn surface of 250 × 34 mm² with working frequency of 15 kHz and aluminum alloy 7075. The uniformity of amplitude is obtained by changing the shape of the horn.

This paper presents the redesign of the first magnetostrictive inkjet printhead (MagJet). The redesign includes the structural redesign and operational redesign. After completing the process successfully, the redesigned MagJet is subjected to testing. The effect of backpressure from a commercial syringe pump is evident. The operating frequency with backpressure reaches up to 1.5 kHz, although that without backpressure is 650 Hz. The droplet size at a frequency of 800 Hz is about 53 μm, less than half of the nozzle size. It can be concluded that various droplets can be made by combining frequency with a proper flow rate. Backpressure prevents the MagJet from air inclusion in the nozzle, so continuous ejection of the droplets are possible.

Range extender is the core component of E-REV, its start-stop control determines the operation modes of vehicle. This paper based on a certain type of E-REV, researched constant power control strategy of range extender in extended-range model, to target range as constraint condition, combined with different driving cycle conditions, by correcting battery SOC for range extender start-stop moment, optimized the control strategy of range extender, and established the vehicle and range extender start-stop control simulation model. Selected NEDC and UDDS conditions simulation results show that: under certain target mileage, the range extender running time reduced by 37.2% and 28.2% in the NEDC condition, and running time UDDS conditions were reduced by 40.6% and 33.5% in the UDDS condition, reached the purpose of meeting the vehicle mileage and reducing consumption and emission.

The cooling process of AMB is that the energy loss is sent out to the outside world when the system is operating. The energy loss transfers to the surrounding medium in the form of heat, which leads to raise the temperature of system components and influences the performance of the system. So it is necessary to study the internal loss of the magnetic bearing system and thermal calculation method. Three kinds of thermal calculation methods are compared, which is important for the design and calculation of cooling. At the same time, the cooling way, the cooling method, and the cooling system is summarized on the basis of cooling technology of active magnetic bearing, and the design method of the cooling system is studied. But for the active magnetic bearing system, when designing the cooling system, heat dissipation of the motor can not be ignored. It is important not only for the performance of the active magnetic bearing system and stable operation, and but also for the improvement of the cooling technology.

This study explored the effects of different designs of a heat transfer augmentor (HTA) on the performance of window air conditioners (WACs). A HTA was fabricated from perforated aluminum plates with different pore diameters according to the surface temperature distribution of the evaporator. The WAC was tested under the T1 condition of CNS14464, and the performance before and after the installation of the HTA was compared. The experimental results showed that the pore diameters of the HTA in proportion to the surface temperature of the evaporator could effectively improve the performance of the WAC. The dehumidification capacity and the energy efficiency ratio (EER) were increased by 22.05% and 3.49%, respectively, compared with the original WAC.

The aim of this research is to investigate the chip formation, the roundness and the dynamic cutting forces in CNC turning process. The dynamic cutting forces are decomposed to classify the signals of the broken chip and the roundness. The Daubechies wavelet transform is utilized to identify those signals into different levels due to the different frequencies of itself. The experimentally obtained results showed that the decomposed cutting forces can be used to estimate the roundness under various cutting conditions.

A micro drill structure was optimized to give minimum lateral displacement at its drill tip, which plays an extremely important role on the quality of drilled holes. A drilling system includes a spindle, chuck and micro drill bit, which are modeled as rotating Timoshenko beam elements considering axial drilling force, torque, gyroscopic moments, eccentricity and bearing reaction force. Based on our previous work, the lateral vibration at the drill tip is evaluated. It is treated as an objective function in the optimization problem. Design variables are diameter and lengths of cylindrical and conical parts of the micro drill, along with nonlinear constraints on its mass and mass center location. Results showed that the lateral vibration was reduced by 15.83 % at a cutting speed of 70000 rpm as compared to that for a commercial UNION drill. Among the design variables, we found that the length of the conical part connecting to the drill shank plays the most important factor on the lateral vibration during cutting process.

This paper presents a new method to achieve the requirement of high speed and high precision for ball screw drive. First, a PI controller is adopted to increase the equivalent structural damping in the velocity loop. Next, the design of the position controller is implemented by a two-stage method. The Doubly Coprime Factorization Disturbance Observer (DCFDOB) is developed to suppress disturbance and resist modelling error in the inner loop, while the outer loop is then designed based on method to extend the system bandwidth over first resonant frequency so that high speed and high accuracy can be achieved. Finally, a feedforward controller is implemented to improve tracking performance. The experiment results showed that the proposed method has smaller tracking error and better performance for suppressing disturbance when compared to the conventional cascaded P-PI control.

This paper proposed renewable energy which is potential to be used in Malaysia in generating electricity to innovate and improve current operating systems. Thermal and water act as the resources to replace limited fossil fuels such as coal which is still widely used in energy production nowadays. Thermal is also known as the heat energy while the water absorbs energy from the thermal to produce steam energy. By combining both of the sources, it is known as thermal steam renewable energy. The targeted area to build this power station has constant high temperature and low humidity which can maximize the efficiency of generating power.

The bill of materials (BOM), which involves all parts and assemblies of the product, is the core of any mechanical or electronic product. The flexible and integrated management of engineering (Engineering Bill of Materials [eBOM]) and manufacturing (Manufacturing Bill of Materials [mBOM]) structures is the key to the creation of modern products in mechanical engineering companies. This paper presents a method framework for the creation and control of e- and, especially, mBOM. The requirements, resulting from the process of differentiation between companies that produce serialized or engineered-to-order products, are considered in the analysis phase. The main part of the paper describes different approaches to fully or partly automated creation of mBOM. The first approach is the definition of part selection rules in the generic mBOM templates. The mBOM can be derived from the eBOM for partly standardized products by using this method. Another approach is the simultaneous use of semantic rules, options, and parameters in both structures. The implementation of the method framework (selection of use cases) in a standard product lifecycle management (PLM) system is part of the research.

This paper presents investigation of inrush current in nickel microfuses using microelectromechanical systems technology with high-aspect-ratio micromachining technology by x-ray lithography technique. The nickel microfuses were designed by the tether and saw-tooth pattern and studied the melting time, maximum melting current, maximum voltage and maximum energy consumption of the nickel microfuses in a blowing circuit. A microcontroller is used as a device to measure and collect the values of current, voltage, and energy consumption. The experimental results showed that tether fuses used melting time faster than saw-tooth fuses. But saw-tooth fuses can withstand melting current greater than tether fuses. By increasing the length of the two type fuses are ability to withstand current, power, energy consumption, and voltage are similar for the two type fuses. The I²t of inrush current is increased by the length of nickel microfuses. The length of tether 500 μm has the I²t value of inrush current a minimum at 0.0014 A²-s and the length of saw-tooth 2000 μm has the I²t value of inrush current a maximum at 0.0164 A²-s.

Bearing is a key element in high-speed electric multiple unit (EMU) and any defect of it can cause huge malfunctioning of EMU under high operation speed. This paper presents a new method for bearing fault diagnosis based on least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) in feature-level fusion and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory in decision-level fusion which were used to solve the problems about low detection accuracy, difficulty in extracting sensitive characteristics and unstable diagnosis system of single-sensor in rolling bearing fault diagnosis. Wavelet de-nosing technique was used for removing the signal noises. LS-SVM was used to make pattern recognition of the bearing vibration signal, and then fusion process was made according to the D-S evidence theory, so as to realize recognition of bearing fault. The results indicated that the data fusion method improved the performance of the intelligent approach in rolling bearing fault detection significantly. Moreover, the results showed that this method can efficiently improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

This paper presents a fault diagnosis method for rolling bearing based on information fusion. Acceleration sensors are arranged at different position to get bearing vibration data as diagnostic evidence. The Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory is used to fuse multi-sensor data to improve diagnostic accuracy. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by the high speed train transmission test bench. The results of experiment show that the proposed method in this paper improves the rolling bearing fault diagnosis accuracy compared with traditional signal analysis methods.

In this paper, a series of experiments were conducted to study the flash point of alcohol aqueous solution and Chinese liquor. The fire hazard of the experimental results was analysed based on the standard GB50160-2008 of China. The result shows open-cup method doesn't suit to alcohol aqueous solution. On the other hand, the closed-cup method shows good applicability. There is a non-linear relationship between closed-cup flash point and alcohol volume concentration. And the prediction equation established in this paper shows good fitting to the flash point and fire hazard classification of Chinese liquor.

A sequence of experiments were conducted in a cone calorimeter to measure the flammability properties of 4050# lubricating oil and 15# hydraulic oil. Meanwhile, the heat release rate, mass loss rate and ignition time were used to investigate the combustion characteristics of the two kinds of oil with varying external radiant heat fluxes. The results show that the 15# oil is easier to be ignited than the 4050# oil and -0.55 power of the ignition time is linear with the external radiant heat flux, which agrees with the previous studies.

A numerical study with varying transverse fire locations based on a semicircle tunnel model was carried out and it was used to further compare with the rectangular model in the published literature, aimed to investigate the influence of cross-sectional structure on temperature distribution under the ceiling. Results demonstrate that the reduction in temperature along the tunnel centerline under the flat ceiling is greater than that under the arc-ceiling. In addition, the influence of constraint effect of sidewall under the arc-ceiling is more significant than the flat ceiling because the flame would attach the ceiling when the fire is near the sidewall.

In this paper, a report is given on an experimental study of the combustion characteristics of typical oil with forced irradiance under two fixed ambient pressures, which may occurred in real fires. Mass loss and flame axial heat flux distribution were measured to evaluate the hazards. The burning intensity at reduced pressure is relatively lower under the circumstance without incident irradiance because the thin air for reduced pressure may attenuate the combustion. However, the burning intensity at lower pressure is higher due to the lower boiling temperature when the irradiance reaches to 10 kW/m².The flame could engulf sufficient air to complete the combustion process for atmospheric pressure condition compared with that under low pressure, and thus resulting in relatively higher flame temperature for a fixed flame height. While in the unified plume region, the weaker air entrainment under lower pressure leads to a poorer cooling effect, i.e. higher plume temperature.

Ash-laden hot air from clinker in cement industry is being used to reduce water contain in coal, however it may contain large amount of ash even though it was treated by a preduster. This study investigated preduster performance as a cyclone separator in the cement industry by Computational Fluid Dynamic method. In general, the best performance of cyclone is it have relatively high efficiency with the low pressure drop. The most accurate and simple turbulence model, Reynold Average Navier Stokes (RANS), standard k-ε, and combination with Lagrangian model as particles tracking model were used to solve the problem. The measurement in simulation result are flow pattern in the cyclone, pressure outlet and collection efficiency of preduster. The applied model well predicted by comparing with the most accurate empirical model and pressure outlet in experimental measurement.

Solar photovoltaic cell and fuel cell are the practicable options to realize as a possible hybrid power system because the power of the sun cannot be utilized at night or cloudy days but hydrogen has been found as an ideal energy carrier for being transportable, storable, and converting energy though fuel cell. Hydrogen storage is chosen for its ability to obtain a clean energy option. Electrolysis, which is the simplest process to produce hydrogen, can be powered by the dc voltage from the photovoltaic cell instead of using the battery as power supply. This paper concentrates on a feasibility study of seawater electrolysis using photovoltaic power integrated fuel cell system for the coastal cities in Thailand. The proposed system composed of photovoltaic arrays, seawater electrolyzer and fuel cell is presented when the 10-kW of fuel cell electrical power is considered. The feasibility study of hydrogen production and energy analysis of this proposed system is also evaluated.

In the present, a novel cost-effective process scheme for single step selective emitter diffusion was implemented. It is based on the fabrication of acid-resist pattern using a stamping technique with collaboration of a spin on dopant (SOD) and chemical etched-back emitter methods. The SOD diffusion process provided heavily doping n-emitter. Acid-resist pattern without exploitation of a complex method as a photolithography, was stamped as a metal contact pattern for prevention of a localized heavy-dope region from etching back. Phosphorus doping profiles were controlled by etching back time to provide the formation of n-type selective emitter. Sheet resistance is tunable from 10 to 180 Ohm/Sq on localized n-layer. After removal of the patterned acid-resist, the selective n-emitter solar cell structure was obtained under one-step diffusion to achieve a better blue-light response and low contact resistance.

Indonesia is a tropical country located in Southeast Asia. Indonesia has a lot of variety of plant species which are very useful for life. Pterocarpus indicus are commonly used as greening and easily found everywhere in Surabaya city because of its characteristics that they have dense leaves and rapid growth. Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste would be a problem for residents of Surabaya and disturbing the cleanliness of the Surabaya city. Therefore, the Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste would be used as biomass briquettes. This research investigated the calorific value of biomass briquettes from the Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste, the effect of tapioca as an adhesive material to the calorific value of biomass briquettes from the Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste, the optimum composition for Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste biomass briquette as an alternative renewable fuel and the property of the optimum resulted biomass briquette using ultimate analysis and proximate analysis based on the ASTM standard. The calorific value biomass briquettes from the Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste were performed using an oxygen bomb calorimeter at various composition of Pterocarpus indicus from 50% to 90% rising by 10% for each experiment. The experimental results showed that the 90% raw materials (Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste)-10% adhesive materials (tapioca) mixtures is the optimum composition for biomass briquette Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste. The lower the percentage of the mass of tapioca in the biomass briquettes, the higher calorific value generated.

The method for estimation of the mean value and the mode of the property becomes important with increasing the depth growth of mining operations and the complexity degree of excavation sites, the growth of number of cases, when geological information volume representing the level of values of structural and physical-mechanical properties is insufficient. The reliability of estimates is achieved through the involvement of different characteristics of the studied property. The developed method is based on calculation of prediction estimates of the mean value and the mode, which allow providing the accuracy of the estimates with incomplete information, and when the type of the studied property distribution is unknown.

With the application of battery becoming more and more widely in our life, the importance of battery production with high quality has been increasingly emphasized. Battery separator is one of the important factors that affect the performance of the battery, so the high functions separator production is particularly important. This article preliminary investigates the effect of pulp types, composition and beating degree on the performances of separator. Main research work:Beating softwood pulp, hardwood pulp and dissolving pulp for different degree by PFI, and papermaking, then detecting the physical properties of paper sheets. Through comprehensive analysis conclude that softwood pulp, hardwood pulp and dissolving pulp have excellent physical properties in the 40° SR, and thermal stability up to 200° in the process of heat treatment. The paper sheets are made using different ratio of softwood pulp, hardwood pulp and dissolving pulp, then test the physical properties. According to the comprehensive analysis of experimental datum obtained that the sheets made using mixed pulp (40° SR dissolving pulp: 40° SR softwood =5:5) have excellent physical performance, and sheet strength index decreased slightly at 200°C, compared to other ratios.