Table of contents

The volume of the content has been published through ICAMBC_2021 (International Conference on Advanced Materials Behavior and Characterization_2021) conducted as virtual online conference on 24-26, April 2021. The conference was organized by Mattest Research Academy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and India.

The focus of the conference is to promote the innovative works from core and diversified fields of materials engineering for different applications. Materials engineering is one of the very most important interdisciplinary fields that focuses on studies fundamental physical and chemical basis in order to develop new materials and compounds through manipulating atoms to form desired structures and properties. Any revolutionary changes are always through the breakthrough in new materials.

The manuscripts were submitted to the conference from multidiscipline of Materials, Engineering and Sciences. The authors and participants from international universities and National institutions and Research organizations were joined through online via Google Meet. The experts and session chairs have provided talk related to recent research innovations and importance of the virtual conference in this pandemic situation due to COVID'19.

The forum comprised around six invited talks in the area of Bio sciences Medical sciences Recent Advanced Materials such as Nano Materials Polymers, Ceramics Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites, Phase Change Materials, Surface Engineering, tribology and biomaterials.

The conference had received a good opening to the research society and everyone encouraged about the event was conducted for three days in pandemic situation. Each presentation is around 20-30 minutes as parallel sessions in front of subject experts. The interaction session provided the real experience to the participants and they had good exposure with the students and delegates from global Institutions. The global participants from all states in India, South Africa, Nigeria, Iran, Turkey, Morocco Ethiopia, Bangladesh, and Canada had presented and participated in the conference. Indeed it was a wonderful experience for the global researchers to share their research innovations and the feedback is the evidence from the participants registered in our website. https://www.mattest.net/feed-back

Dr.I.Saravanan

Convener-ICAMBC_2021

Mattest Research Academy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

List of Editors, Committee Members are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double Blind Review

• Conference submission management system: Submission has been received through mail and Peer Review has been followed.

• Number of submissions received: 27

• Number of submissions sent for review: 27

• Number of submissions accepted: 14

• Acceptance Rate

(Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 51.85%

• Average number of reviews per paper: 3 (1-Preliminary- Format, Language, Reference Cross Check and Title search + 2-Technical)

• Total number of reviewers involved: 30

Any additional info on review process:

• All the manuscripts have been reviewed by subject Experts from the various potential research Institutions. Focused on language, Format, Similarity and Novelty. And the revised manuscript will be incorporated as per the suggestion and comments from the journal.

• Contact person for queries:

Dr.I. Saravanan,

Convener & Guest Editor,ICAMBC_2021.

Email : is.mech@outlook.com

Phone : 98414 44418

We report the potential antibiofilm properties of a chemically modified biopolymer on the formation of biofilms by Sphingomonas paucimobilis MG6 an opportunist pathogen isolated from distributed drinking water systems. The biopolymer obtained from the producer bacteria K. terrigena was quarternized and examined for safety using RAW 264.7 cell lines. The modified biopolymer (N-methyl biopolymer: NMB) at 1mg/ml inactivated AHL homologs of S. paucimobilis at ambient temperature. GC-MS and C. violaceum biosensor assays were used to evaluate loss of AHL molecules. On NMB coated coupons loss of biofilm formation under static conditions, was visualized by a rapid calcofluor assays and scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Applicability was further investigated in a flow through apparatus afforded with different plumbing materials, coated with NMB. Leaching of NMB was not observed and a complete absence of biofilms was noted on coated materials, especially in PVC. SEM and viable counts corroborated these observations. Overall, results of this study suggest that the novel material offers as a potential sustainable approach for controlling biofilms in drinking water systems.

The Cobalt complex, (Co-DMET) has been synthesized from the reaction between cobalt chloride hexahydrate and dimethoxy ethane (DME) in a 1:1 molar ratio and characterized using various measurement techniques. The structural formula of this complex derived based on characterization is [Co(DMET)2(H2O)2]Cl2. 4H2O. Dimethoxy ethane is an O-donating ligand able to coordinate in a chelate mode to the central metal cobalt to form the complex. The bidentate ligand is used to make the complex more stable. This complex was further mixed with the catalytic amount of SnO₂ to obtain a complex mixture, (Co-DMET-Sn) and its application towards hydrogen production from ethanol at temperature 333 K was checked. Liberation of H2 gas is found to be maximum at 15 cc of ethanol when charged with 1: 0.1 molar ratios of cobalt-DMET complex and SnO_2. This same cobalt-DMET-tin mixture was charged with various quantities of ethanol ranging from 5.0 cc to 50.0 cc at temperature 333 K. Amount of H2(g) liberated from ethanol was estimated to be 14.92 % using Gas Liquid Chromatography(GLC). The cobalt is used due to less expensive than the other metals such as Pt which is generally used for catalytic purpose. Crystallite size of the Cobalt-DMET-tin complex was found to be 23.4 nm.

Today a newly emerged corona-virus known as SARS-CoV 2 has become a cause of global health concern and took away the lives of large number of people throughout the world. Corona-viruses are the enveloped virus with positive single stranded genome of 26.4 to 31.7 kb. Envelop of the corona-virus is made up of four structural proteins namely envelop protein (E), membrane protein (M), spike protein (S) and nucleocapsid protein (N). These four proteins are responsible for the overall shape and size of the virus (structure of virus). Envelop protein forms ion channels, membrane protein is responsible for the shape of the virus, spike protein is responsible for the entering inside the target host cell by binding to host receptor and nucleocapsid protein binds to the single stranded RNA genome of the virus forming multiple copies. We investigate the reliability and homogeneity among all the corona-virus species such as MERS CoV, Bat-CoV HKU4, Transmissible gastro-enteritis coronavirus (TGEV), Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), HCoV-229E and Whale-CoV SW1, M-CoV, Hedgehog coronavirus 1, Bulbul-CoV HKU11 etc, using a binary graph which is helpful in the findings of sequence reliability, secondary and tertiary structure model prediction using advanced model builder, we build the model of various protein/gene products by selecting them from SARS-COV 2, which further helpful in the finding of target-ligand binding for future therapeutic applications. Consequently by modeling the structure of the proteins we bring into being that envelop protein have pentameric protein lipid pores that allow ion transportation and were able to depict the active drug binding sites.

Thermal characterization is one of the important aspects for evaluating the heat flux and decomposition kinetics of different materials, alloys and composites at different temperature. In this work Multi-scale nano-composites (MWCNTs/glass fiber/epoxy) were prepared by hand lay-up process followed by vacuum bagging method. Thermal properties of MWCNTs doped glass fiber reinforced polymer composites were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It has been found that in the presence of MWCNTs it is very difficult to break the polymeric chains and that leads to reduction in cross linking density and glass transition temperature of MWCNTs doped glass fiber reinforced polymer composites as compared to pristine one.

Geared Rotary Actuators are mechanically operable devices widely used in the aerospace industry so that controlled motion can be provided to secondary flight control surfaces. Their usage can be seen in a variety of applications including powered hinges for aircraft structural movements, they support aerodynamic loads in addition to the surface hinge moment, as an actuator in a linked mechanism where they supply actuation torque. Mostly GRAs are situated along with the bay door drives, and also can be used for controlling leading or trailing edge movements of the aircraft. They receive Power Drive Unit (PDU) torque via assembly of shafts and joints. From a mechanical standpoint, the GRAs can be termed as epicyclical gear reducer or compound planetary gearbox. In this work, the governing criteria and mathematical equations used to characterize GRA are discussed. SOLIDWORKS is used for part modeling of GRA. More focus will be on the speed reduction ratio calculation, determination of strength, and overall Factor of Safety (FOS) of the torque transmission unit. Thus an attempt is made to obtain the best performance parameters to meet the desired requirements of Geared Rotary Actuator.

Fly ash is abundantly available in India. IS 3812 Part I & II regulate its usage in cement and concrete. It is well known fact that fineness of fly ash goes on increasing from boiler end to chimney, however the output goes on reducing. Past research normally indicate usage of finer (Hopper no. 4 & 5) fly ash in cement and concrete. Japan has upgraded its standards and specifications to accommodate all grades of fly ash available. The present research by the authors on all grades of fly ash samples through compressive strength development indicate all grades of fly ash can be used in concrete with a precaution that their performance should be investigated before use. Through graphical representations of test results presented in the paper, it is justified that coarser fly ash can very well be used in concrete making as per strength requirements.

Though the past industrial revolutions had unleashed many of the world's current problems including the Covid-19 virus but the 4th industrial revolution promises a sustainable future through the use of advanced materials like Nanotechnology. Not at all new, the use of this disruptive technology had its footprints in the pages of history - Ajanta Paintings, Damascus Sword & many others. Nano Titanium dioxide (58%) and Nano silica (21%) are the most used advanced materials in the nanotechnology-based building products while China in Asia and Germany in Europe are the two leading countries in the field of production of nanomaterials for building industry. India has been amongst the five top countries globally for technical publications in nano sciences & technology. This paper delves into the world of advanced nanomaterials and studies their impact on the construction industry vis-a-vis the built environment in India and abroad.

Aluminum based hybrid metal composite (MMC) have been applied to many various applications in the area of automobiles and aerospace. This research article shows the multi-response optimization of EDM of process parameter for Aluminum based metal matrix hybrid composite (Aluminum 6061/Al₂O/TiO₂). The optimum process parameter of EDM as like pulse on time (Ton), current (Ip), duty cycle (t), voltage (V) on material removal rate and surface roughness were investigated. Hybrid Aluminum metal matrix composite was machined by using tool which is made of copper materials, of ϕ12 mm for experimentation. The mechanical stirring procedure is used to fabricate the hybrid MMC. The design of experiments was conduct through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental result declares that the main influencing input parameter is current.

In this work, the numerical investigation for impact behavior of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) composite along modified with nano-clay (Cloisite® 20B) at 0.5%wt., 1%wt., and 2%wt concentrations was done. The finite element analysis was carried out in ABAQUS/Explicit to investigate the low-velocity impact response. The numerical results showed that adding 0.5% wt. and 1%wt. nano-clay significantly increased the stiffness of GFRP compared to a pristine one. In contrast, adding 2%wt nano-clay decreased the stiffness of GFRP. With regard of energy absorption, a 0.5%wt. nano-clay modified GFRP showed a maximum energy absorption, whereas, a 2 %wt. nano-clay modified GFRP exhibited the lowest performance for all impact energy levels.

A comprehensive review of the thermal response of disc brake system has been made. Extensive research has been carried out on the operating problems, the material for the rotor, design of the rotor and the braking conditions of the disc brake systems and numerous methods of improvement are proposed. Various ventilation patterns have been studied in order to enhance thermal efficiency, and structural performance reductions have been found in most cases. Which creates need for the design of discs with optimal thermal and structural characteristics, so that disc brake performance can be enhanced without compromising in strength and other parameters of the disc brake system. It is expected that this exhaustive and comprehensive review will help the research fraternity in identifying the research gaps for their future work. The prime purpose of this paper is to provide an exhaustive overview of developments going on in this field. The proposed research work attempts to develop and modify the system which uses the effective method to minimise the temperature and weight of disc brake rotor by thermo-mechanical analysis to optimise the performance of Disc brake. The proposed design of disc brake offers a promising solution to improve the braking efficiency by 15%and overall reduction in weight of disc brake by 10%.

In BSVI diesel engines, the limits of the NOx (oxides of nitrogen) and PM (particulate matter) reduced by 68% and 82% as compared to BSIV engines for the category of the vehicle having gross weight less than 3500kg. It is subjected to implement a complex and costly emission reduction system which reduces fuel economy. Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is a duel fuel combustion strategy which has great potential to reduce NOx and PM and the need for an advanced after treatment system with enhanced thermal efficiency. The paper reviews potential of the RCCI strategy, to achieve the emission standards of BSVI norms, which reflects the need for cost assessment of existing engines equipped with advanced after treatment technologies.

Air pollution causes detrimental effects on human health and the atmosphere. The emissions associated with transport represent a major component of aerial pollution. In recent years, air pollution is becoming a very important issue in India and around the World. Conventionally, the most popular dynamometer testing has been widely used to measure vehicle exhaust emission and these measured emissions have been used as primary data for modeling transport related air quality impact. However, during such conventional emission testing, real driving conditions are not strictly considered. Nowadays, real-time vehicle emission measurement is mainly focused by the most of the researchers for analysis purposes. In the present paper, the various real-time vehicle emission measuring technologies such as vehicle emission measurement by using RFID technology, emission measurement using gas sensor technology, emission measurement using gas sensor technology with the use of IoT and emission measurement using portable emission measurement system (PEMS) is discussed.

Article I.

For detecting the feelings or emotions of the human being by using brain signals and its classification has been attempt by many researchers. The EEG headset is used for collecting the brain signal of the subject. Because of lots of noise in the input signal taken by EEG headset, various features need to be used as a single feature that cannot give accurate output. The Number of feature used is the key for identifying the emotion of a person automatically. So, we identify various features using an AI based scheme from EEG recorded signals. This various features are saved in the database. Features include mean, maximum, minimum, std. deviation, variance, corr. Coefficient, cov. Coefficient, Median, Kurtosis, Energy, Zero crossing rate. By using Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (MRMR), as per the name we arrange the features to minimum-relevance and maximum-importance of every feature. For removing essential segments PCA is used to diminish the produce feature. The proposed system will outperform and improve the accuracy of emotion detection by using brain wave and Adaptive PSO.

The plaster cast and fiberglass cast are the popular elbow dislocation treatment method for immobilization. These are relatively heavy, non-removable, and poorly ventilated, hence might create skin diseases, irritation under the cast and joint injury, if not cast properly. It takes long preparation time and cannot be adjusted after casting, which may lead to improper healing in case if the bone gets little shift insidethe cast. In this work, the orthopedics arm cast prototype is designed and fabricated by using additive manufacturing with ABS material. The core concept of the model is the elbow support and modular rings with a specific width added to achieve a specific support length. After properly positioning the patient's arm the pressure on the arm can be adjustsed by the small clamps with velcro straps. This has advantages over conventional cast that it provide cast adjustments, proper ventilation, washable, and reusable.