Table of contents

Dear colleagues,

We are glad to announce the release of the 4^th International Conference of Food and Agriculture (ICOFA-2021). The ICOFA is an annual conference organized primarily by Politeknik Negeri Jember. In this year the theme of our conference is "Scientific and Technological Efforts in Sustainable Food and Agriculture"

Surely, we plan to conduct this conference physically just like the previous ICOFA two years ago in November 2019. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation has not subsided, the 4^th ICOFA 2021 was carried out virtually as same as ICOFA 2020 by the Zoom meeting platform. We took this option because this conference was already designated and funded. Keynote and invited speakers were also scheduled for this event. Many delegations and authors requested for this conference to be performed, even virtually, since they need it to cover their publication and sharing knowledge requirements.

The key directions of the conference covered the discussion of advanced achievements and touch upon the main aspects of agriculture engineering and biotechnology, organic agriculture, animal science related to food, food science and technology, food safety, food security and sovereignty, IT for agriculture and renewable and novel energy sources.

List of Steering Committees ICOFA 2021, Organizing Committee ICOFA 2021, Conference Photograph are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

1. Type of peer review: Single Anonymous

2. Conference submission management system: Morressier

3. Number of submissions received: 122

4. Number of submissions sent for review: 92

5. Number of submissions accepted: 68

6. Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted/Submissions Received × 100): 55.7%

7. Average number of reviews per paper: 3.00

8. Total number of reviewers involved: 11

9. Contact person for queries:

Name: Dr. Ir. Rosa Tri Hertamawati, M.Si

Affiliation: Politeknik Negeri Jember

Email: rosa_trihertamawati@polije.ac.id

The research aimed to know the optimal sterilizing agent for the success of the coffee callus inoculation from young leaf explant. This research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory for 2 months. The explants are used from young leaves of Robusta clones BP 308. This experiment used a nonfactorial completely randomized design with three sterilization methods and was repeated 10 times. The treatments tested were as follows Method 1: Fungicide 2 gr/L, Bactericide 2 gr/L, Erythromycin 4 gr/L (20 min); 70% alcohol (3 sec); NaOCl 0.525% (10 min); NaOCl 1.05% (10 min). Method 2: 70% alcohol (3 sec), 0.1% HgCL2 (5 min). Method 3: Fungicide 2 gr/L, Bactericide 2 gr/L, Erythromycin 4 gr/L (20 min); 70% alcohol (3 sec); NaOCl 0.525% (10 min); NaOCl 1.05% (10 min); 0.1% HgCL2 (5 min). The results showed that the sterilization method used suppressed the rate of bacterial and fungal contamination, but there was no significant difference between the methods. A very significant effect was seen in the percentage of browning explants. In sterilizing agent treatment 1, there was no browning explant, while the other methods caused browning to reach 62.5%. Browning also causes differences in callus regeneration ability. The explants which were sterilized in method 1 showed a high percentage of callus (85%) and were also appear to callus faster at 11 days after inoculation.

The productivity of shallots is influenced by bulb quality, disease, and low vigor characteristics, leading to many ideas for developing true shallot seed (TSS). TSS planting material advantage is the use of less seed, it can be said maintenance would be easier, minimization of seed-borne diseases, and has a fairly long shelf life compared to seed tubers. It is hoped that improved pollination through modification of Hand Artificial Pollination can replace or increase the success of flowers into fruit and be followed by the formation of true seeds or True Shallot Seed (TSS) of the biru lancor variety of red onion in the lowland. The research aims to analyze the treatment of Hand Artificial Pollination in replacing insect pollination in the production of true seed (TSS) of the lancor blue variety in the Lowlands. The research method was to prepare the bulbs of the biru lancor variety shallots given vernalization treatment by storing in the refrigerator (showcase) at temperatures of 5°C, 10°C, and room temperature for 4 weeks. Furthermore, the tuber seeds after undergoing vernalization are planted. Research results show vernalization with a temperature of 10°C has no significant effect compared to tubers without vernalization. Vernalization with 5°C temperature can increase flowering and fruit formation (number of umbels per clump, number of flowers per umbel, number of fruit per umbel), viability, and pollen count, production of TSS seeds (number of seeds per umbel, seed weight per umbel, seed weight per clump).

Drying is a scientific operation, which includes the transient transfer of heat and mass at some rate of process. The purpose of this study was to design and create a flash system dryer, which is equipped with UV. The selection of flash system dryers is based on conditions where some materials to be dried are sensitive to hot air contact due to prolonged drying. As a heat source, this dryer uses a heater to heat the air. In order to spread the heat evenly in the dryer room, the blower is installed on the heater. The intake of air blower is 60 m/s, while the air temperature on the air heater is conditioned at 50 and 60ºC. In order to collect data of air temperature, a thermocouple is placed on heat channel pipe and dryer room. The performance test of the dryer by using cassava chips, showed that the lowest cassava chip water content was 7,2% at 50ºC treatment temperature, and the highest water content by 18.5% at treatment temperature of 60ºC.

This study aims to obtain an appropriate and inexpensive alternative media combination for the growth of Vanda hybrid orchids prior to acclimatization. Experiment using Factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor is the type of media (Vacin -Went and foliar fertilizer ) and the second factor is the addition of organic matter (coconut water composition, sweet corn composition, tomato composition, BAP, NAA and without organic matter or PGR). The results showed that the interaction of treatment on plant height was only seen at 18 weeks after treatment, while the number of leaves could be seen earlier at 16 weeks after treatment. The independent effect of organic matter and PGR on the number of leaves has been seen since the age of the plant 10 weeks after treatment, while the plant height was only seen 16 weeks after treatment. Independent treatment of growing media had no effect on height and number of leaves up to 18 weeks after planting. The use of foliar fertilizer media with the type of organic material composition being tested can be suggested as an alternative growth medium for plantlet growth, not significantly different from vacin-went with BAP media.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) makes a significant contribution to the source of farmers' income and the provision of employment opportunities. Tobacco plants are very susceptible to being influenced by the climatology and geography of the region. Na-Oogst tobacco is specifically cultivated in East Java in the Besuki Ex-Karesiden area which includes Jember and Bondowoso regencies, its mainly used for making cigars outside (dekblad), cigar dressings (omblad), and filling cigars (filler). Tobacco plants are sensitive to environmental factors including climatic factors, such as rainfall, humidity, and temperature. The climatic conditions of rainfall, both the amount and the distribution are very diverse so that it affects the growth, production, and quality of tobacco. Based on this, this study aims to identify characteristics, analyze and determine the modeling of the influence of climate factors on tobacco productions in Jember Regency. This is very important to do to determine recommendations and policies to increase tobacco productivity. The mathematical model of the analysis on Na-Oogst tobacco production in Jember Regency is Y = -362629 + 0.1285 rainfall + 2.93 rainy days + 16630 temperature – 1377 humidity with the coefficient of determination is 76.33%.

This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method for measuring water quality in the form of measuring chemical, physical and biological parameters of the waters at the research location, then using a qualitative descriptive method to describe the condition of the designated area in the watershed of the research location.

The research location is the Biting River, the Jompo River and the Besini River. The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of water quality at the research site for inland fishery businesses and the water needs for sanitation hygiene for the community. The results of the measurement of water quality parameters at the research location showed that the Biting river was in an unpolluted and fertile condition, while the Jompo River indicated that it was contaminated with Oscillatoria bacteria which is very dangerous for human health and aquatic organisms. The water quality of the Besini river shows that the waters are fertile, not polluted but not suitable for community hygiene and sanitation activities because it is brackish with an average water salinity of 25 ppt.

Orange juice, extracted from orange of siam cultivar, was pasteurized using a pulsed electric field (PEF) method. The aim of this research was to analyze the changes on nutritional, physical and chemical properties and total microbes from orange juice after pasteurization. The research was conducted from June until September 2021 located in Jember. The PEF treatment was carried out using treatment time variation for 5 minutes (1 cycle), 10 minutes (2 cycles) and 15 minutes (3 cycles). Several parameters of Vitamin C, density, pH, total soluble and total microbes were observed. The result showed that PEF treatment did not significantly change nutritional, physical and chemical properties and total microbes after pasteurization with PEF in compared with no treatment pasteurization. The best treatment was found in the variation of 10 minutes (2 cycles).

Cocoa plantations may provide a considerable amount of fungal biodiversity with high potential as soil organic matter biodecomposer agents. Therefore, the isolation and characterization of potential fungi is the first step to obtain the wide variety of lignocellulolytic enzymes. This study aimed at identifying potential lignocellulolytic fungi isolated from different type cocoa cropping pattern. The lignocellulose-degrading enzymes was determined by growing the isolated fungi on Guaiacol containing PDA media, and CMC media with additional of Red Congo solution. Their potential index (IP) was scored by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the fungal colonies. Our identifications suggest the presence of both ligninolytic, and cellulolytic enzymes through a reddish, and clear zones produced around the colonies. Additionally, we identified two types of potential fungi with higher potential index both ligninolytic and cellulolytic, including strain fungal CSF#5 and CSF#15 which belongs to the group of fungi Ascomycetes.

The research was carried out from May 2021 to August 2021. The research was carried out at the Jember State Polytechnic Plant Protection Laboratory. This study used four types of household waste media, namely rice washing water, rice bran water, soybean dregs water, and Yeast Mannitol Agar media as controls. Each treatment was repeated 5 times to obtain 20 experimental units. The data obtained were then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative data analysis by calculating the number of colonies with TPC (total plate count) and T-test techniques, qualitative data obtained by observing bacterial purity and gram staining. The results of this study indicate that alternative media for bran water waste conventionally produced the highest bacterial population with a colony number of 6,80 x 10²⁴ CFU and the lowest bacterial population came from rice alternative media with a colony number of 1.28 x 10²⁴ CFU. Bacterial viability observed for 4 months between aseptic media and conventional media showed the results of the t-test with a count of 1.49 x 10^-1 CFU. shows the results (ns) are not significantly different.

The study aimed to determine the population and intensity of attacks caused by whitefly pests on intercropping and monoculture cultivation areas. This research was conducted from June to August 2021 in Pace Village, Silo District, Jember Regency. The method used is to compare two intercropping and monoculture cultivation areas of medicinal plants cardamom - cayenne pepper. The first plot was cultivated in monoculture with pest control using an insecticide with the active ingredient Alfametrin 15 EC, while in the second plot, cayenne pepper - cardamom intercropped cultivation with a spacing of 1x2 meters and pest control without pesticides. A systematic random sampling of 50 plants in both cropping patterns on cultivated land. Observation of pest populations using insect nets, pitfall traps, and insect suction in the field. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. The data were tested for normality using Kosmorogrof Smirnov with non-parametric analysis. The results showed that the whitefly population in monoculture cayenne pepper cultivation had a higher average of 57.58 individuals, while in cayenne-cardamom intercropping cultivation, the population average was 51.00 and showed significantly different results. The intensity of whitefly attack showed significantly different results in monoculture cultivation of 45.58% while intercropping pattern of 50.10%.

The plants present a complex, spatially and temporally diverse ecological habitat. As living support of human, microorganism, microorganism and fungal. They are life in the host plant as endo, ecto, semi endo or other kind living mechanism. The symbiotic associations between microorganisms and plants are ancient and fundamental. Most of plant protection scientist develop the broad range of host in endphopytic microbes for the future purposes, such as biological control agents, growth inducer, the plant resistance inducer and soon. However, the development non true host of endophytic microbes are challenging. The research was done by isolating potential endophyte from three toga plant and then tested to spinach. The growing and plant pathogenic possibility test was done to eliminating the potential plant pathogen microbes. From 40 isolate, was detected more than 20 isolate have possibility to be a pathogen of Spinach, with different symptoms appearance level. The level of growth induced result also have different result among the potential endophyte. They appear on the growing time, the long of root and shoot number of spinach. The optimizing of growth promoter endophyte especially for non-host endophyte, need the extra path for convinced the isolated endophyte not to be potential plant pathogen.

Red chili as one of the important horticultural crops cultivated commercially, this is because in addition to chili has a fairly complete nutritional content, it also has a high economic value which is widely used both for household consumption and for the food industry. Therefore, it is necessary to apply intensification technology to increase chili production. These technologies include the application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increase soil fertility and the application of shoot pruning to increase branching of chili plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PGPR and Trichoderma sp. And the treatment of shoot pruning on the production of red chili plants.This research was conducted at the Jember State Polytechnic Greenhouse, Sumbersari District, Jember Regency with an altitude of ± 89 masl. This study used a complete randomized block design (CRD) factorial consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the provision of biological agents consisting of 4 levels of treatment. The second factor was the time for cutting shoots, consisting of 3 levels of treatment. The observation variables is productivity of chili. The results showed that branch pruning and biological agent treatment did not significantly increase the production of chili plants. However, there is a tendency for better treatment with pruning and without biological agents.

Drought stress is one of the most common abiotic stress in agriculture. The use of antitranspirant agents to reduce the effect of drought stress on crops has been considered as a potential method. The application of chitosan as an antitranspirant agent has been reported to be effective in several crops. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of chitosan foliar application for maintaining the growth of lettuce under drought conditions. Three concentrations of chitosan (0.2 g/L; 0.4 g/L; 0.6 g/L) were tested in this study. The parameter observed were the height of the lettuce, number of leaves, leaf length and the width, root length, as well as fresh and dry weight. The drought condition without chitosan application reduced the growth of lettuce in all parameters. Chitosan application at 0.2 g/L was able to reduce the effect of drought stress and maintain the growth of lettuce. However, higher chitosan concentration applications (0.4 g/L and 0.6 g/L) were observed to reduce the growth of lettuce. Based on this study, chitosan was reported to reduce the effect of drought stress in lettuce. As chitosan affects the transpiration process by stomatal closure, a higher concentration of chitosan may also affect the photosynthesis process leading to growth inhibition.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of NPK (15-15-6) fertilizer on the growth and yield of lowland rice. It was carried out on irrigated rice fields in the second season (March-June), on Alfisol soil (25 m asl). RCBD experimental design with 8 doses of fertilizer treatment and 3 replications. Treatment: a) without fertilizer, b) local recommendation of NPK (15-15-15) 300 + Urea 200 kg/ha, c) NPK (15-15-6) 200 + Urea 0 kg/ha, d) NPK (15-15-6) 300 + Urea 0 kg/ha, e) NPK (15-15-6) 400 + Urea 0 kg/ha, f) NPK (15-15-6) 200 + Urea 200 kg/ha, g) NPK (15-15-6) 300 + Urea 200 kg/ha, and h) NPK (15-15-6) 400 + Urea 100 kg/ha. The results showed that the application of NPK (15-15-6) 300 + 200 urea kg/ha had a significant effect on plant height, productive tillers and yield. The yield was 7,448 t/ha and the RAE (Relative Agronomic Effectiveness) value was 106.46, while the recommended fertilizer yield was 7.20 t/ha and the RAE value was 100. NPK fertilizer (15-15-6) dose of 300 + 200 Urea kg/ha can recomedate as an alternative NPK fertilizer in lowland rice.

This study was conducted the effect of marinade concentrations of different local herbs and spices on the hedonic test of super native chicken breast. The research material consisted of super native chicken breast, chili powder, sugar, salt, pepper, garlic, cinnamon, palm oil, lime juice, monosodium glutamate, and ginger. The treatment levels of marinade concentration were 10, 20, and 30% of the weight of meat. The hedonic test of the super native chicken marinade was carried out by 40 untrained panelists. The hedonic test data of super native chicken breast marinated were analyzed by non-parametric analysis through the Hedonic Kruskal-Wallis test and if there was a significant difference (P<0.05) then further tested with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the marinade concentration level of different local herbs and spices had a significant effect on acceptability, but did not affect on color, aroma, taste, texture, juiciness, and tenderness of super native chicken breast marinated. The marinade concentration of local herbs and spices at the level of 20% was the best treatment with highest score hedonic of 4.38 so that it was preferred by the panelists when compared to other treatments.

This research was aimed the fortification effect of duck eggshell nano-calcium on the physical quality of beef sausage. The materials include beef, duck eggshell nano-calcium, tapioca, soy protein isolate, palm oil, salt, pepper, garlic, onion, shallot, coriander, nutmeg, sugar, frankfurter, sodium tripolyphosphate, monosodium glutamate, and ice. The treatments for fortification of duck eggshell nano-calcium were 0; 0.15; 0.3; 0.45; and 0.6% of the total dough. The parameters tested were pH value, water holding capacity, tenderness, and water activity. The physical quality data were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there was a significant difference (P<0.05) then further tested with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the fortification of duck eggshell nano-calcium had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the pH value, water holding capacity, tenderness, and water activity of beef sausage. Fortification of duck eggshell nano calcium up to 0.6% can increase the value of pH, tenderness, water activity, and decrease water holding capacity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of tamarind seeds as a prebiotic by conducting tamarind seeds with a temperature and incubation time. Prebiotic testing was carried out using Lactobacillus casei grown on media with the addition of tamarind seeds. The research used a completely randomized design. The temperature was divided into two levels (60 and 70°C) and the incubation time is divided into three levels (120, 180, and 240 minutes). The treatments were T1 (control), T2 (60°C, 120 minutes), T3 (60°C, 180 minutes), T4 (60°C, 240 minutes), T5 (70°C 120 minutes), T6 (70°C, 180 minutes), and T7 (70°C, 240 minutes). Each experiment was repeated twice. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, if there was a significant effect then continued with Duncan test. Based on the results of this study: tamarind seeds which were incubated at a temperature of 60°C for 240 minutes increased the number of colonies significantly (P<0.05) compared to the incubation time below, incubation tamarind seeds at 70°C increased the number of bacterial colonies significantly (P<0.05) in all-time ranges, however the optimal time 180 minutes. Tamarind seeds have potential as prebiotics, all the parameters showed the ability of tamarind seeds as a prebiotic.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the rearing system and feed on early growth performance of crossing chicken (male local chicken x female Isa Brown final stock laying chicken). One hundred 1-d-old chicks were randomly assigned to 2 factor treatments, the first factor was rearing cages (indoor and outdoor access) and the second factor was feed ration (20% and 17% crude protein). In the indoor treatment, the chickens were housed in floor pens (5 birds/m2). In the outdoor access treatment, the chickens were housed in a similar indoor house; in addition, they also had an outdoor grass paddock (5 birds/m2). All birds were provided ad libitum water and were raised from 14 to 35 days of age. The results showed that early production performance (average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) were different among treatment (P>0.05) at 28 and 35 days. The early growth performance of crossing chicken between Bangkok chicken and layer chicken have good performance in the indoor or outdoor cages with nutritional content of 20% crude protein and energy metabolize 2900 kcal/kg

This experiment aimed to examine the effect of low grade vegetable soybean (LGS) via drinking water on performance of days old chicken. Two hundreds day old boiler chicken (unsexed) were randomly assigned into completely randomized design, using 4 treatments (Non=0% LGS, Vit=vitamin, LG5=5% LGS, and LG10=10%LGS solution) and 5 replication. Data were collected from day-1 until day-7. LGS significantly (p<0.05) affected final body weight and weight gain of broiler chicken not feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). The results showed that LGS of 10% can be applied via drinking water to improve performance during initial phase of broiler chicken rearing period.

Sources of amino acids and lactic acid bacteria have been developed from the hydrolysis of snail meat and its digestive tract through a fermentation process using a consortium of microorganisms present in cow's milk whey, which is fermented by microorganisms from rice washing water with internal microorganisms from snails. The fermentation process used the Submerged Fermentation (SmF) method. The fermentation process was carried out using Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) inoculants contained in rice washing water. This product was researched and developed with the aim of being a feed supplement to reduce the use of fish meal or other protein sources such as concentrates in the preparation of feed for poultry. Product development studies were carried out on the LAB content in rice washing water and fermented snail meat and its digestive tract, as well as their amino acid content. The results of the study showed that at the dilution of rice washing water, approximately 3 different colonies of LAB were found, the dilution of 10^-1 to 10^-4 could not be counted but at the dilution of 10^-5, 50 colonies of LAB were obtained with an amount of 5 x 10⁷ CFU/ml. The fermented snail meat and its digestive tract contained approximately 4 different LAB colonies and found 3 x 10⁴ CFU/ml at a dilution of 10^-3, and contained 6 types of amino acids, namely; alanine, glycine, cysteine, arginine, lysine, and proline. The conclusion of this research is that fermented snail meat and digestive tract have potential as an amino acid supplement for functional feed for native chickens.

The purpose of this study to determine effect of bio-emulsifier from Pseudomonas putida as feed supplement on the performance of broiler chickens. The experiment was divided in two phases. In phase 1: test of oil bubbles formation in water using bio-emulsifier, and phase 2 : in vivo test bio-emulsifier in animal. 200 one-day-old male and female broiler strain Cobb were used. On d 14, chicks were separated by sex and placed in 40 pens, sex separate (100 males or 100 females) and randomly assigned 4 treatments and 5 replicates of 5 birds each for 14 d (21d-35 d). The diets were based of corn, concentrate and rice bran meal and supplemented with: 0, 0.5,1 and 1.5 g/kg bio-emulsifier. The observed parameters were feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Result of experiment 1: as expected, supplementation of bio-emulsifier was increased small oil bubbles formation in medium oil in water, whereas in experiment 2 showed FI, ADG and FCR unaffected by dietary supplementation with bio-emulsifier on broiler at finisher phase (week 4 and 5) (P>0.05) and did not decrease on broiler performance. The results give new information that bio-emulsifier from Pseudomonas putida could potentially as a new alternative feed additive in the future on broiler performance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papaya seed meal on the quality of quail eggs and to determine the best dose of quail egg quality. Using an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD), with 4 treatments and 6 replications, each replication consisted of 7 quails. The treatments were P0 (control feed), P1 (0.3% papaya seed meal in feed), P2 (0.6% papaya seed meal in feed) and P3 (1.2% papaya seed meal in feed). The parameters observed were egg white index, egg yolk index, egg yolk color, shell thickness, and egg cholesterol. The data was analysed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the addition of papaya seed meal in the feed had not a significant effect (p<0,05) on egg white index, on egg yolk index and shell thickness, but decreased egg yolk color. However addition papaya seed meal had significant effect (p<0,05) reduces egg yolk cholesterol. In conclusion, addition of papaya seed meal (Carica papaya L.) up to 1.2% reduce egg yolk cholesterol without effected the quality of quail eggs.

This study aimed to evaluate the early growing performance of local male weaning lambs fed edamame pod-based rations with and without exogenous enzyme additives. Nine local male weaning lambs with initial weight about 16.88±2.33 kg/head were randomly assigned into into 3 levels treatment using an experimental completely randomized design (CRD). Every single level treatment was repeated 3 times. The levels treatment was 0% (control), 0.14% (w/w), and 0.28% (w/w) of exogenous enzyme addition into edamame pod-based rations. The lambs were maintained in individual pen which fed and given drinking water ad libitum. The parameters observed were nutrients consumption, liveweight gain, and gain to feed ratio during the first couple week maintenance with 2 weeks adaptation period. Data obtained were analysis using analysis of variance and further tested by DMRT for different result. The result presented that nutrient consumption, daily gain and gain to feed ratio were not affected (P>0.05) by various levels of exogenous enzyme additions. Thereby, it was concluded that the addition of exogenous enzyme up to 0.28% w/w potentially improved the nutrient consumptions and productivity performance of local male weaning lambs.

The purpose of this research was to determine the best of solvent for extracting tannins as a feed additive from coffee husks using the soxhlet method. The method used was quantitative with a completely randomized design experimental. The coffee husk used was a type of Robusta taken from the Kaliwates Region, Jember Regency, Indonesia. The material was the waste from the grinding of coffee cherries, namely the pericarp (parchment, pectin layer, pulp, and outer husk). This research consisted of 3 treatments (P1: Methanol, P2: Ethanol, P3: Acetone), each treatment consisted of 3 replications. The variables were the tannin extracts and residue of tannin extracts. The results showed that different types of tannin solvents had a significant effect on the tannin extracts yield and residue of tannin extracts (P<0.05). Methanol and ethanol solvents produced higher tannin than acetone solvents: 0.5392%, 0.6120%, and 0.2457% respectively. Coffee husk with ethanol solvent gave the least residue compared to methanol and acetone: 61.64%, 66.89%, and 85.26% respectively. The conclusion of this research was Ethanol is a solvent that produces the highest total tannin (0.6120%) and the lowest residue (61.64 ± 0.6688%) from coffee husks compared to methanol and acetone. The result of this research can be used as a consideration for the tannins extraction of other plantation waste.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soybean meal (SBM) media processing using the papain enzyme on the amino acid content and its effect on yeast biomass production. The study was divided into 2 experimental phases, first test: effect of papain enzyme hydrolysis test on amino acid in soybean meal that treated by boiling and non-boiling medium, second test: yeast biomass production was cultivated using soybean meal hydrolysates as medium with 3 treatments, namely control (- soybean meal), with soybean meal (-enzyme) and soybean meal (+enzyme). Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with ANOVA and post hoc analysis using Tukey's multiple range test. From the analysis, it was found that the addition of papain enzymes supplemented on soybean meal medium was affected on crude protein and amino acids composition (L-Arginine, L-proline, L-methionine, and L-phenylalanine). Enzyme treatment on SBM as substrate was increased the yeast biomass compared to control (P<0.01). In conclusion, enzyme treatment on soybean meal was improved the fermentation performance of yeast biomass production

This study aimed to determine the effect of liquid waste from extorted wet edamame pod (LEP) as a natural feed additive added to drinking water in chicks during rearing in a tropical environment. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 levels of LEP and 1 control treatment. Each level treatment replicated 4 times with 10 chickens for each experimental unit. The treatment levels were L0=control (using commercial additive based on the product dosage); L1=2.5% v/v LEP; L2 = 5%v/v LEP; and L3=7.5% v/v LEP as additive that added to drinking water. The variables observed broiler performance in the first week starter period which included water intake and feed intake, body weight gain and FCR. The statistical analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA) then followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when showed significant result. The results presented that the usage of 2.5% v/v LEP increased water intake but presented similar effect on feed intake and the performance of first week broiler maintenance in the tropical environment. In conclusion, the usage of LEP up to 7.5% in broiler drinking water is safe to apply as a natural feed additive without reducing broiler performance.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of phytobiotics ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in drinking water on haematological characters of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chickens. A total of one hundred KUB chickens fourteen days old were assigned into 4 treatments with 5 replicates (5 birds in each replicate). The experimental treatments were control without red ginger extract (T0), drinking water with 0.5% ginger extract (T1), 1.0 % ginger extract (T2), and 1.5 % ginger extract (T3). The basal diet was yellow corn, BR2 poultry concentrate produced by PT Wonokoyo, rice brand, and vitamin premix, which contains 17.07% CP, 3097.79 kcal/kg ME, 0.81% Ca, and 0.56% Pav. Variables evaluated were haematological character of KUB chicken. The results were analyzed using ANOVA in a completely randomized design using Statistical Package for Social Science or SPSS. Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) were used to separate mean of data when p-value differ significantly (P<0,05). Results showed that suplementation ginger extract in the drinking water did not significantly effect haematological character of KUB chicken..

Bose is a typical food from East Nusa Tenggara which is made from a mixture of corn and beans. The process of making bose requires a relatively long time. Instanization is a technology that can be applied to shorten the process of preparing bose corn before can be consumed. This study aims to determine the effect of the cooking methods in the instanization process on the physical and chemical properties of rehydrated instant bose corn. The factors tested were cooking methods: mixed and boiled-steamed; mixed and boiled-autoclaved; mixed and steamed-autoclaved; unmixed and boiled-steamed; unmixed and boiled-autoclaved; unmixed and steamed-autoclaved. The mixed and boiled-autoclaved method produced the best physical properties of instant bose corn compared to other treatments. This instant bose corn had 6.34 minutes of rehydration time, 4.45 of rehydration ratio, 190.01% of volume expansion, 261.65 N of hardness and contains of 3.41% of protein, 0.56 mg/100 g of iron and 0.42% of fat.

Farming with fun has uplifted the agritourism in our country. The technological development and support have made farming a passion nowadays. Farming is not only important to cater the needs of the growing population but also to develop agritourism. The major challenge in crop production like irrigation, de-weeding, etc can be handled with good improvement in quality crops through the implementation of automated systems in monitoring and controlling application. With more Techies joining into the farming wishing to lead a stress-free life, automation. The work presented aims at identifying the weeds from the desired crop using the learning algorithm. The weed location identified can be used as the inputs to the de-weeding Robots. Besides, the work can equally be applicable in intercropping process, irrigation management, quality assurance in crops, etc. The input images of the crop to be classified are taken using the camera interfaced with Raspberry pi. Classification is done using the supervised learning algorithm with a set of target classes. The model is trained to recognize the target class. The accuracy of the classification varies from 75% to 100% as the proportion of the training and test data set varies from 60-40% to 80-20%.

Soybean is a good source of protein because the nutrition value of soybean protein is equivalent to animal protein. Soy foods have been generally proven to prevent chronic disease, such as antiobesity, antihypertensive, immunity regulation, cholesterol-lowering, lipid-lowering, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant. Moreover, soy food also decreases the prevalence of stunting in toddlers. Soybean in the form of flour can make it easier to process into food, but soy has a bad smell that they don't like. This aroma can be reduced by heating treatment such as the drying method. So this study aimed to determine the effect of the drying method on the chemical content of soybean flour. Four methods to dry the soybean are sun drying, oven drying at 50°C, oven drying at 70°C hours, and oven drying at 100°C. After drying, the soybeans are roasted for 2 minutes with medium heat. The result shows the drying method affects the moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate of soybean flour. Oven drying at 50°C for 3 hours is recommended to use as the best method to produce soy flour due to its nutritional value and has better aroma, sweet taste, light color, and good nutritional value.

Nugget is a restructured meat product made by adding various spices and flour as filling and coating materials. Flour as a filler plays an important role in the physical quality of nuggets. The nuggets are coated with breadcrumbs that have a function to improve appearance and increase acceptability of product. This study aims to determine effect of various fillers on physical properties of coated and uncoated breadcrumbs of Moringa leaf fish nuggets. The factors were different ratio of fillers (comparison of corn starch and sago flour) and breadcrumbs coating (coated and uncoated). Nuggets with 100% wheat flour filler were used as a control. The results showed that the use of sago and corn starch flour as a filler increased the ability of WHC, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness but reduced the cooking loss of nuggets. The used of 100% sago flour was the highest of WHC (139.36%). The coating breadcrumbs had lower WHC (111.87%) ability. The cooking loss value ranged from 8.65– 17.66%. The cooking loss was more visible in the samples without breadcrumb coating. The different ratio of filler significantly affected increasing the hardness, the springiness, and the cohesiveness while coated of breadcrumb reduced the hardness.

The popularity of plant-based milk has been increasing over the last few years to substitute animal milk. Cereal such as black rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a plant material that can be used to produce rice milk. Black rice has been reported to have high vitamin and mineral content and high fiber. Previous research also has shown the functionality of black rice, such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic. For this reason, black rice has the potency to be further processed into functional food such as rice milk. However, there is still a lack of basic information about the nutritional profile of black rice milk. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the fatty acids and amino acids profile of black rice milk. Fatty acid analysis was carried out using GC-FID. Amino acid content was analyzed using UPLC. The fatty acid profile analysis revealed that polyunsaturated fatty acid was the most abundant (0.1062%) in black rice milk, followed by saturated fatty acid (0.062%). The highest amino acid found in black rice milk was glutamic acid (0.0045 g/100 mL), aspartic acid (0.00269 g/100 mL), and arginine (0.0228 g/100 mL)

Prebiotics are dietary fiber components that cannot be digested by the human gastrointestinal tract but can be selectively fermented by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, prebiotics provides health effects for humans. The specificity of prebiotics is determined by the bacteria that are specifically capable of fermenting the prebiotic substrate. The characteristics of prebiotic substrate need to be investigated in-vitro and in-vivo to determine the function and effectiveness of the substrate as a prebiotic. The prebiotic production process must be able to keep the prebiotic components stable. Raffinose is an oligosaccharide that has potential as a prebiotic. This article will discuss raffinose chemical structure, degrading enzymes, and health benefits as a prebiotic. Raffinose consists of 3 monomers, namely α-D-galactose, α-D-glucose, and α-D-fructose. Substrates containing raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are the source of raffinose. Those substrates can be degraded to raffinose by the α-1,6-galactosidase. Raffinose can increase the growth of lactic acid bacteria, suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), reduce constipation, inhibit the formation of putrefactive compounds from protein, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Dehydrated strawberry is product development from strawberry fresh fruit to improve, increase the shelf-life and value of the product. During the Covid-19 pandemic, shopping lifestyle has changed gradually into online buying through e-commerce that was growth significantly, it must be followed by producer to adapt and adopt the situation especially for purchasing decisions, while customers tend to choose products based on the packaging appearance. This study aimed to determine attributes of the packaging and technical needs for producer selling preparation of dehydrated strawberry in e-commerce based on customer needs. The method in this study that has proven effective in fulfilling customer needs is Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in product planning phase. QFD analysis begins with filtering Voice of Customer (VoC) using open questionnaire then at the stage of customer importance level and product performance using closed questionnaire, then compiled into attributes of customer needs. Technical requirements were brainstormed using discussion with local sellers on e-commerce. Two attributes with the highest priority to be realized is product information on the packaging is easy to read and understand and product-related information fully listed on the outer product packaging and the highest priority for the technical needs is addition of secondary packaging.

Strawberry is a horticultural fruit that has high nutritious content but a short shelf-life. Strawberries can be dried to extend their shelf-life. However, the drying process can cause quality change that can affect consumer acceptance. This research aimed to identify the quality of dehydrated strawberries based on consumer acceptance. Samples were produced using osmosis dehydration pre-treatment and dried by tray dryer. Imported and local products were used as a comparison. An untrained panelist was used to make a sensory analysis on five attributes on color, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall. Then, sample with highest acceptance value for each attribute were tested for the quality that consists of color, total sugar content, texture, and water content test. Based on the sensory analysis, sample with highest acceptance value for each attribute is as follows: local sample for color attribute, imported sample for aroma attribute, self- produced a sample for flavor, texture, and overall attributes. Based on the quality test, the dehydrated strawberry had discoloration due to maillard reaction. The sugar content, texture, and water content of the sample is in accordance with previous research. Sample with the highest acceptable value for overall is self-produced sample and can compete with local and imported sample.

Bananas are rich in minerals such as potassium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, and calcium, contain vitamins A, B6 and C and contain serotonin which is active as a neurotransmitter for intelligence. Bananas can be processed into semi-finished products or finished products. One of the semi-finished products from bananas is Banana Flour. Banana flour is an alternative to banana preservation because bananas are perishable fruits. Banana flour can be made from unripe bananas and ripe bananas. The types of breakfast cereals that are most consumed or preferred by consumers are products in the form of breakfast drinks, extruded products and flakes. Flakes belong to the cereal milk food group. The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic characteristics of banana flakes made from banana flour with different ripeness levels of bananas. The research methodology included organoleptic test with the hedonic test method on a scale of 1-7, with a total of 30 panelists. The test parameters carried out include color, taste, aroma, hardness, crunchiness and overall acceptance. The results showed that the sample a1b3 (ripe banana flour, 25 minutes of roasting) was the most preferred by the panelists, with test values for color 5.40, taste 5.90, aroma, 5.63, hardness 5.50, crispness 5.67, overall admission of 6.07.

The fishing communities in Sungai Rasau village, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, have several joint business groups that mostly process their fish catch into salted fish products and shrimp paste for sale in the market. The fish drying technique still uses traditional methods that rely on sunny weather, this is not effective because the weather is difficult to predict due to climate change globally. This means that high rainfall affects fish drying production activities. If left unchecked, this certainly results in a decrease in the quantity and quality of salted fish production and affects their income and welfare. To maintain and improve the quality of raw materials for fisheries production, the solution is the use of appropriate technology, namely making salted fish processing equipment or dryers that are energy efficient and not influenced by weather factors such as rain. Using this tool can improve the quality and quantity of production. The form of activity methods carried out includes (1) coordination with related parties to foster local fishing groups; (2) identifying problems and determining solutions; (3) solar fish dryer design; (4) making efficient technology fish dryers that effectively and efficiently utilize solar energy. At the time of implementation of the dryer, the measurement of water content using TDS obtained results that the water content of mackerel has been reduced to about 10%

Many people in Indonesia consumed tongkol fish by processing it into balado tongkol. The process carried out to extend the shelf life of the product is by packing it in cans. Information related to shelf life was needed for canned food, so that it can guarantee that the food was still good for consumption. This study aims to determine the shelf life of balado tongkol in cans from TEFA Fish Canning with the Arrhenius method. Arrhenius is the method of estimating shelf life used was ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Test). The ASLT method requires a relatively short testing time with an acceptable level of accuracy. This research was conducted at the TEFA Fish Canning and Food Processing Laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Jember in March – July 2021. Estimating the shelf life used the reaction approach that increases the TBA number as a critical parameter. The kinetic reaction of increasing the TBA number in canned balado tongkol followed the ordo 0 reaction. The results showed that the shelf life of balado tongkol in cans at room temperature was 24,6 weeks.

The pre-cooking process carried out in the fish canning industry still uses the method of steaming on the stove. The difference in the capacity of the pre-cooking and sterilization processes causes a long holding time, which has the potential for microorganism contamination and low productivity. Research on the prototype of an integrated semi-automatic mini exhausting unit with a capacity of up to 300 cans of 115 mL using a hot steam source from a sterilization retort has to increase production capacity and efficiency. The size mini exhausting has a size of 4 meters x 1 meter and is made of 304 stainless material. It has 3 parts, namely the preparation part, the heating part, and the draining section. The drain part was located on the outside of the mini exhausting box. The draining part has a pan that can be rotated 150 degrees to remove the fish liquid in the can before the next process. The results of the exhausting room temperature reached 90°C within 8 minutes at an autoclave pressure of 0.8 bar. Fish meat reaches a temperature of 80 degrees after heating in the 12th minute. In the mini exhausting system, production capacity can be increased up to 8 times, with 25% electrical energy efficiency.

The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia has decreased from 37.2% in 2013 to 30.8% in 2018. This prevalence is still far from the government target, which is 14%. Immunostimulant prebiotic food formulations in the form of snack bars made from lempeni leaves, edamame, and local herbal plants can be used to increase immunity and prevent stunting among children. However, the development of a local-based diet by considering the nutrient adequacy of the children is lacking. This study aimed to develop an optimized snack bar based on nutrient adequacy using linear programming to meet the nutrient requirement of under-five children. This study used Nutri Survey for Linear Programming 2004 software to develop an optimized snack bar. Nutrition Adequacy Rate among children 1-4 years were used to determine the composition of the snack bar. The composition of the snack bar consists of Simplicia powder of lempeni leaves, edamame, cinnamon powder, ginger powder, oats, almonds, cashew, raisins, honey, peanut butter, and chocolate. The Results show two formulas based on Linear Programming calculation and one formula for control. Snack bar formula fulfilled energy and macronutrient intake requirements within the acceptable macronutrient distribution range. Formula 1 contains 122 kcal energy; 2,9 g protein; 4,9 g fat; 13,4 g carbohydrate, 0,8 mg iron; and 0,4 mg zinc. Formula 2 contains 123 kcal energy; 3,05 g protein; 5,6 g fat; 13,5 g carbohydrate, 0,9 mg iron; and 0,4 mg zinc. Those values are describe the optimization model used in this study provides a mathematical solution for an economical snack bar that approximate the nutrient requirements for under-five children to prevent stunting.

Oranges with low grade categories have a low price, so one of the utilization efforts is combine with milk into orange milk products.. Orange milk, extracted from orange of siam cultivar and added with milk, was pasteurized using a pulsed electric field (PEF) method. The aim of this research was to analyze the changes on nutritional, physical and chemical properties and total microbes from orange milk after pasteurization. The research was conducted from July until September 2021 located in Jember. The PEF treatment was carried out using treatment time variation for 5 minutes (1 cycle), 10 minutes (2 cycles) and 15 minutes (3 cycles). Several parameters of Vitamin C, pH, dissolved solid and total microbes were observed. The result showed that PEF treatment did not significantly change nutritional (vitamin C), physical (dissolved solid), and chemical properties (pH), but total microbes very significantly change after pasteurization with PEF in compared with no treatment pasteurization. The best treatment was found in the variation of 15 minutes (3 cycles) with degradation microbial killing effectiveness reached 94.58%.

This study aims to determine the effect of adding dragon fruit and moringa oleifera to the phosphor content and acceptability of soft candy. This study is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with the concentration of adding dragon fruit 10%, 12%, 14%, and 16% Moringa Oleifera 1%, 1%, 2%, and 3% and fresh milk 50 ml. Observation parameters: Phosphor, with the panelists' preference test for colour, texture, taste, and smell. The results showed that the best treatment for adding 12% dragon fruit and 1% moringa leaves was preferred by panelists' in terms of colour, taste, texture, and smell based on analysis using the Mann Whitney test showed a p-value of 0,010 with a mean difference of 53.75, phosphor content 0,288% and meets the quality standard requirement (SNI 2803: 2010). In 100 grams soft candy contains 576 mg of phosphor. Thus, it is considered as an alternative to meet the phosphor daily intake of children under five in Indonesia.

Prebiotic snack bar is a food innovation in the form of a bar that contains a source of functional nutrients that can improve chronic small intestinal inflammation syndrome (pediatric environmental enteropathy) in stunting children, increase the absorption of nutrition, and then improve the nutritional status of stunting children. The aim of this research was to determine the sensory characteristics of snack bar with any level of banana flour and tempeh flour addition. Sensory analyses were carried out on flavor, color, taste, texture and overall of the snack bar. The results showed that the ratio of banana flour : tempeh flour (95% : 5%) was more acceptable in terms of flavor (3,89), color (3,60), taste (3,91), texture (3,77) and overall (4,00). The result also showed that the addition of tempeh flour and banana flour to the formulation snack bar had a significant effect (p ≤ 0,05) on the sensory quality of prebiotic snack bar

Melinjo peel is part of the melinjo plant which contains many compounds that are beneficial for the health of the body. This research was conducted to obtain a treatment that has optimal antioxidant activity and hedonic evaluation from melinjo peel steeping which has been pretreated with sodium metabisulfite in concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% with a long soaking time of 20 and 30 minutes. Based on the results of testing the antioxidant activity of steeping melinjo peel, the average value ranged from 37.2%-43.6%. n the hedonic organoleptic test, the concentration of sodium metabisulfite and the length of soaking time were significantly different for color with the highest average value (3.56) and taste with the highest average value (3.16) while the aroma was not significantly different from the average value. the highest average (2.96).The best treatment was the concentration of sodium metabisulfite 0.2%, immersion time of 20 minutes with antioxidant activity of 37.2%; color 2.92 (clear yellow); Aroma 4.28 (scented melinjo) and taste 3.96 (slightly taste melinjo peel).

Melinjo peel contains ascorbic acid, tocopherol, polyphenols and has the potential as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Melinjo peel also has the potential as an antioxidant naturally good for the body. The purpose of this studies to determine effect of variation of time and temperature extractions on antioxidant activity and vitamin C of melinjo peel. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors. firstly, 75 and 100°C for temperature and then secondary factors is different extraction times are 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The highest value of vitamin C content is 313,30 mg/L at 100°C for 60 minutes. Although, the highest value was 30,89% at 100oC for 30 minutes. Consequently, the best treatments at 100 °C and 30 minutes would be appropriate extraction operating conditions.

Mango is one of the most favored tropical fruits which potentially as an export commodity in Indonesia. However, this fruit is easily damaged and has a short shelf life. One way to extend the shelf life of fruits is to use edible coatings. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage temperature and edible coatings on the shelf life of mangoes. Using 6.4% beeswax and a composite of 10% Arabic gum and 1% chitosan as edible coatings, these results were compared to control. Several parameters were used to evaluate the effectiveness of edible coatings, specifically weight loss, pH, fruit skin color, fruit flesh color, hardness, decay incidence (DI), and soluble solids concentration (SSC). Mangoes were stored in a variety of storage conditions, namely room temperature (26.5°C), showcase (10.2°C), and wine cooler (12.4°C). Experimental results indicated that applicating edible coatings and storing fruits at lower temperatures generally could reduce weight loss above 20% and DI by 85%, slowing changes in SSC, pH, and color of the fruits' skin and flesh, as well as maintaining hardness. Moreover, 6.4% beeswax was more effective than the composite of 10% Arabic gum and 1% chitosan in extending the shelf life of mangoes.

The purpose of our study was to characterize the quality of oyster mushroom flour dried using the hybrid fluidized bad dryer with a UV lamp. Making cookies was implemented by oyster mushroom flour and modified starch flour called mocaf. Methods in our study using Completely Randomized Design with comparision modified starch flour (mocaf) and oyster mushroom flour (100% of mocaf flour; 95% of mocaf flour and 5% of oyster mushroom flour; 90% of mocaf flour and 10% of oyster mushroom flour; 85% of mocaf flour and 15% of oyster mushroom flour; 80% of mocaf flour and 20% of oyster mushroom flour; 75% of mocaf flour and 25% of oyster mushroom flour. Water content, fat content and fiber content were analyzed as chemical properties of cookies. Organoleptic test was designed by 25 panelists using hedonic test to characterize sensory properties. The results showed that chemical properties consist of water content about 3.3 - 7.1%, fat content about 20.65 – 28.9%, fiber content about 3.03 – 6.55%. Observations on aspects of physical properties carried out by organoleptic tests on the parameters of taste, color and aroma through the Kruskal Wallis test showed no effect. In the texture parameter of cookies products, the variation in the amount of mocaf flour and oyster mushroom flour treatment has an effect.

Corn noodles are one of the non-wheat food diversification products to reduce dependence on wheat flour. In making corn noodles, it is suspected that there is a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to identify the level of risk of MSDs in workers while making corn noodles. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observations to determine the risk level of MSDs using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. The results showed that when workers did the corn noodle-making process, several work activities showed the risk of MSDs. Activities that pose a high risk of MSDs are when using an extruder; medium risk during mixing and steaming, while weighing ingredients and drying noodles had a low risk of MSDs. Work postures that cause complaints include bending over, looking down, and when lifting. The MSDs complaints were in the neck, shoulders, back, waist, arms, and fingers.

One of the goals from The United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is good health and well-being has, directly and indirectly, absolutely has relation with the safety and fraud of food. In the field of food sciences, the availability of analyzing tools for both safety and fraud of food is a must for producing the sustainable of good health and well-being of consumers, as well as a need early detection of contaminants in the food supply that be able to be serious to certify the safe food. Raman spectroscopy is one of the unconventional techniques that can detect and indicate those problems classes rapidly, sensitively, noninvasively, and relatively inexpensive method. The quantitative analysis and modeling of biomaterials based on empirical data are useful for connecting molecular biology to new areas, particularly in Industry 4.0 era, such as computational of food science. Raman spectroscopy is considered one of the possible methods by which we can observe the biological sample in rapid and non- labeling methods. This could improve to check up the quality and safety of food in the field of food science rapidly and safety. Furthermore, it will largely contribute to society in the future. The present article introduces some preliminary techniques based on Raman spectroscopy and evaluates their applications in intact food ingredients, such as lipid and Stingless Bees Honey.

The objectives of the study were to determine the antibiotic resistance of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from kefir made from Etawah goat milk. A total of 25 isolates were isolated from etawah goat milk, yogurt and kefir. LAB isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime (Caz, 100%), Ceftriaxone (Cro, 100%), Clindamycin (Da, 100%), Lincomycin (Li, 100%), Rifampicin (Rd, 100%) and Tobramycin (Tob, 100%). The bacteria were susceptible to Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Sxt, 60%) and Tetracycline (Te, 40%). The percentage of antibiotic resistance of LAB was found to be in the range between 40 to 100%. The presence of antibiotic resistance in good bacteria may introduce the horizontal genetic transfer to bad bacteria which has the potential to disrupt human health.

Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) is a fruit plant that has a high consumption rate, especially in the Central/South America and Asia-Pacific regions including Indonesia. The fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. become a major pest on star fruit commodities in Indonesia which can harm quantity and quality which in turn hampers export activities. The aims of this study was to identify the type of pest, the level of attack, and the type of parasitoid associated with star fruit flies in the Denpasar City area. Fruit samples were collected using a purposive sampling method, namely collecting symptomatic fruit planted in four sub-districts in Denpasar City. Identification was carried out on the types of fruit flies and parasitoids that emerged after the rearing period. The percentage of fruit damage and the degree of parasitization was also determined. The fruit flies identified were Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis and two parasitoids, namely Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. The percentage (%) of fruit damage was 83.10%. The interaction that occurs between the fruit fly population and the level of damage is also very close. In all observation sites in Denpasar City, the parasitization rate of F. arisanus was higher than that of D. longicaudata. Our findings indicate that fruit flies are one of the main causes of star fruit damage in Denpasar City and should be integrated into a more comprehensive Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program by the relevant authorities.

Maize is one of the primary plant cultivations on Madura Island and is usually cultivated by farmers with traditional technology and using open-pollinated local varieties. According to this condition, an experiment and a demo plot for local farmers were conducted in Larangan Slampar village Tlanakan District Pamekasan Regency. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design. The treatment was integrated plant management (IPM) using HJ21 and Bima14 hybrid and as control was conventional technology applying local Madura variety. The analyzed data indicated that IPM technology could increase plant yield and farming benefits. The highest harvest yield was shown by IPM1 with Bima 14 variety up to 6.35 ton ha-1, meanwhile existing technology (local Madura variety) only 1.22 ton ha-1 or the productivity was increased up to 422,40 %. The results of the farming analysis showed that benefit with IPM1 reached Rp 15,520,500 and B/C ratio 1,35; while existing technology only Rp 2,168,000 and B/C ratio of 0.55.

LMDH "Rengganis" Pakis Village, District, Jember Regency has received the Recognition and the Forestry Partnership ("KULIN-KK") from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, covering an area of ± 1,032.19 hectares. The forest land is cultivated by 536 families by planting robusta coffee. The research objective is to describe the determinants and strategies for developing an integrated coffee agribusiness area through the social forestry program. The methodology used is descriptive exploratory with an expert system approach. The analysis technique used is cognitive mapping analysis and hierarchy process analysis. Conclusions: (a) Five priority factors are the main determinants of coffee agribusiness development in social forestry programs, namely: legal certainty in forest use, dynamics and cooperation in forest village farme business groups, downstream processing of smallholder coffee products, shortening the trade system chain, support for facilities and infrastructure from the government; (b) Strategy for developing an integrated coffee agribusiness area based on priorities, namely (1) Objectives: developing an integrated coffee agribusiness area in a forest village; (2) Stakeholders, namely: forest farmers/members of LMDH, LMDH Management, LMDH Business Unit, Perhutani, Government, (2) Integrated Coffee Agribusiness Area Development Program: social engineering to increase cooperation in forest village farmer groups, engineering technology to increase coffee productivity, engineering technology downstream processing ofpeople's coffee, economic engineering to design an efficient coffee marketing chain, development of integrated agro-tourism based on agribusiness and processing of products from social forestry programs, namely coffee and durian commodities.

The decreasing area of agricultural land and declining water sources are forcing rice farmers to adopt various farming technology. Soil-less farming and alternate wetting-drying (AWD) irrigation can alternatively fix the problems (water substitutes soil as a proper growing media, while in AWD irrigation systems water can be saved), especially in the urban area. This study aimed to observe the growth of two rice varieties grown under soil-less media with AWD irrigation systems. The study was conducted in Sumberjeruk village, Jember city of Indonesia, from June-September 2021. A completely randomized design (CRD) within two factors and three replications was used in the experiment. The first factor was growing media, namely control (soil) + non AWD, water media + rice husk + non AWD, water media + non AWD, and water media + 1 day (once) AWD. The second factor was rice variety specifically Mapan 05 and Ciherang. The result showed that water media + rice husk gave the highest performance at plant height (73,88 cm), the number of the stem (35,25 stems), and the number of leaves (108,92 leaves). Moreover, there was a significant difference in stem diameter number between Mapan 05 and Ciherang (6,95 mm and 5,80 mm respectively).

The agricultural sector is the leading sector of the Banyuwangi Regency. However, the contribution of the farming sector to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Banyuwangi Regency continues to decline by up to 30% in 2019. The decline in the agricultural sector's contribution to the GRDP of Banyuwangi Regency is partly due to the declining interest of the younger generation in the farming industry so that the regeneration of agricultural, human resources continues very slow. This study aims to analyze the strategy of developing the younger generation's interest in the Banyuwangi Regency. The analytical method used is Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) to produce designs according to conditions. The results of the analysis show that the agricultural preference of the younger generation is digital-based agricultural cultivation. The strategy that needs to be developed is local government policy. Local Government policy is a critical factor in developing young people's interest in the agricultural sector in Banyuwangi Regency.

Jember Regency has the potential of local food diversity that has not been optimally utilized in stunting recovery. Local institutions have also not fully contributed optimal roles in rural mothers with stunting children. The research aims to determine key policy factors for local food development, farming, and coping mechanisms in mothers with stunting children. Adequate policies, especially in utilizing cheap and easily obtain nutritious local food sources, are expected to facilitate effective stunting recovery efforts. This research method uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. Description of local food sources and their processing, demographics, and maternal behavior, is carried out through focus group discussion activities involving key stakeholders. Furthermore, modeling is carried out based on key factors or elements with interpretative structural modeling methods. The study's findings suggest that increasing maternal knowledge of local food and nutritional content and health aspects is a crucial policy factor. Systematically these key factors need to be supported by strengthening maternal health in decision-making in the household, handling maternal health detection, maternal skills to process food, and maternal skills to choose food according to family needs. Policy implementation requires formal and informal institutional support that exists in the countryside.

Since 2015, government projects related to national food security have been implemented so far. This article will write a study that uses the GIS method to model the potential of food crops. The GIS web application development method uses the prototyping method with input in the form of spatial and non-spatial data which includes data on potential rice, corn, and soybeans in the Jember district, where the data was obtained from a survey at the Jember Regency Agriculture Service in the period January - August 2021 and data statistics from the book Jember in Figures 2020 and the official website of the Jember Regency BPS.

Automation has taken over nearly all domains of operation due to the rapid progress of technology. Over the years, the evolution of human-computer interaction has sped up. With regards to technology improvements, Smart Greenhouse has come a long way. As such, it is critical to have a dependable security system in place to safeguard Greenhouse assets and employee privacy. To access Greenhouse using the conventional security system, an individual must utilize a key. However, the current security mechanism contains numerous flaws regardless of how it is cast or taken. By using face recognition, this study seeks to assist users in enhancing the door security of the Smart Greenhouse. The suggested system comprises several subsystems, including picture capture, face recognition, and automatic door access management. Face Recognition is supported by OpenCV because it uses Eigenfaces and scales down face photos without sacrificing essential features. The Doorlock Selenoid will function as the key. One relay will serve as both an active and passive solenoid. Thus, the images captured from the webcam will be compared to the stored features, and if a match is found, access will be provided to the authorized person. Otherwise, the door is not accessible.

Internet of Things devices that were implemented to support condition monitoring and control systems in mushroom houses get a lot of temperature and humidity data from mushroom houses. The large number of temperature and humidity data can be used as the variables or indicators that affect mushroom production. Temperature and humidity data can be classified based on the production of mushrooms produced in one house or mushroom houses. This study aims to determine the classification of temperature and humidity data in mushroom houses based on mushroom production. The method used is a data mining approach based on the K-Nearest Neighbor. This research begins with determining the variables from training data or training data, taking testing data, then the testing data is reprocessed based on the K-Nearest Neighbor method with training data. Finally, evaluation of the method used was carried out by calculating the accuracy value. As a result, the accuracy of the K- Nearest Neighbor method was about 89%. These results are expected to be used to forecast the yield of mushroom production for future research. The forecast can be seen from the pattern of temperature and humidity data that is formed based on a certain period of time.

The worldwide frozen shrimp trade market in 2018 was recorded at the US $ 17.2 billion or around Rp.232.2 trillion. Indonesia is one of the principal exporters of frozen shrimp in the worldwide market. In light of this information, shrimp cultivating is a promising area, yet shrimp cultivating is particularly controlled by water quality. Water quality in shrimp cultivating consistently changes. Many variables impact changes in water quality (shrimp biomass, PH, and temperature). These components in the water should be inside the standard limit rank. Thusly, to accomplish the creation effectiveness of the shrimp business, it is important to robotize water quality control. This study aims to develop Surface Modeling Vehicles (SMV) for Shrimp Ponds utilizing an Artificial Neural Network. The test outcomes show an exactness pace of 94%, the expectation is that the instruments created by the exploration will want to acknowledge exact Vename Shrimp cultivating, so creation proficiency and expanded shrimp creation can be accomplished.

Since the implementation of social distancing and physical distancing due to the outbreak/pandemic of the Coronavirus (Covid-19), direct sales in the market have experienced a shortage of buyers. Farmers also share this in Indonesia, where the price game offered by collectors does not match the market price. The second problem is the mismatch of prices in each market, forcing farmers to check locations to sell their agricultural products. This problem is also experienced by the O'reng Rembangan Community Information Group (KIM), one of the community groups engaged in production to cultivate vegetable and fruit gardens in Kemuning Lor Village, Arjasa District, Jember Regency. The purpose of this research is the creation of an information system that can help farmers, especially KIM O'reng Rembangan, to obtain current market price information, receive market recommendations for agricultural products, get the nearest market from the location of farmers, and can be used by sellers to make purchases, optimize stock merchandise. This research also focuses on the prediction of agricultural commodity prices. The method used is the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) method to estimate the price of agricultural commodities. The resulting system in this study consists of 2 parts. The first part is the input device, which officers can use to enter the price of each agricultural commodity directly from each market. The second part is a Geographic information system used to display the forecasting results of agricultural commodity prices in each market. The forecast of agricultural commodity prices in this study has an accuracy of 98.3%.

Based on data from the National Defense Agency, the trend of conversion of agricultural land in the 1990s reached around 30,000 ha/year. However, in 2011 there was an increase of 110,000 ha/year and reached 150,000 ha/year in 2019. In fact, with the growing human population, the need for food is increasing from year to year. On the other hand, the slow regeneration of farmers and the lack of dissemination & technological innovation to increase agricultural productivity are challenges in realizing food security. In line with the ongoing industrial revolution in the industrial era 4.0, it has brought very significant changes, not only the type of technology that has shifted, but more importantly a change in mindset in this industrial era. This has a real impact on the direction of national development and has an impact on the agricultural system. The agricultural system is no longer just a cultivation activity, but agriculture is also part of the industrial system which is characterized by a transformation, both in terms of raw materials, economy, social and environment. The development of modern agriculture is marked by mindset changing of using biological and non-biological resources by the needs. The precise use of resources in agricultural production systems is then called precision agriculture. Precision agriculture is an agricultural concept with a systems approach towards low-input, high-efficiency, and sustainable agriculture. In a previous study, a CNC-based precision farming system (Farming-BOT) was developed. The device could perform vegetable crop cultivation automatically. To properly observe the development of cultivation, an online monitoring device based on the minicomputer was developed. The Raspberry Pi Zero, equipped with a 5MP camera and a temperature & humidity sensor, is used. The device is placed on the top of the Farming-BOT device. Image data, temperature, and humidity are sent to the cloud database periodically every day. Users can access the data through the website and Android application. Based on the testing result, with a stable internet connection, data on environmental conditions can be monitored perfectly.

National mushroom production in 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were: 31052, 3702, 40915 and 33485 tons. Mushroom cultivation, especially oyster mushrooms, has the potential to be developed more widely in Indonesia because it has economic value and is environmentally friendly. However, the cultivation of oyster mushrooms has challenges. The challenge that arises in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms is to grow well at a temperature of 16 – 30 °C and a relative humidity of 80 – 95%. Environmental conditioning carried out by farmers on average through spraying water in mushroom kumbung manually. The use of manual methods requires high human resources, besides that it is not effective and efficient. This study aims to develop an Adaptive Temperature and Humidity Control System on Kumbung using Backpropagation Neural Network, where to determine the temperature and humidity the system will evaluate the readings of several sensors at once. The system developed is an adaptive system with an accuracy of 97%, so it is can be used to increase the precision of mushroom cultivation, so that production efficiency and increase in mushroom production can be achieved.

Quantitative data are needed to identify and predict opportunities for increasing livestock productivity. The increase in livestock productivity can be assessed from the dimensions of the body of the livestock by measuring directly using morphometric. Morphometric data is an important parameter used to study livestock anatomy, productivity, growth rate, and performance quality of livestock. This research is focused on how to make a prototype development of a camera tool that can measure livestock morphometrics at a distance. The Camera use in mini camera with a raspberry pi as a microcontroller. And method to process the capture of data is Artificial Neural Network that downloaded from tensor flow. The result of this experiment show that the accuracy of the system is 50%. However, the camera has not been able to identify the object of farm animals correctly. There are several livestock objects detected as dog or cat. For the future work the library must be modified so it can only detect the sheep or goat so the morphometrics can be done.

The pilot project of Teaching Factory (TEFA) at the Department of Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Jember as an effort to realize TEFA in the field of transportation system engineering, including mapping the potential and opportunities for the realization of Technical TEFA by considering several product groups plans, including the production of spare parts (Y1), services (Y2) and bio-fuel production (Y3). The problem is the need to identify with potential mapping whether TEFA pilots in the Engineering Department can be recommended to be realized. Potential mapping aims to provide an output of consideration in realizing TEFA in the Department of Engineering through several stages of the process, the first method is GADM (Grid Analysis Decision Making) as a model for providing recommendations in realizing TEFA by giving a score from the questionnaire to partners, the second method with the CIPP stage (Context, Input, Process, Product) as a consideration of the service process chain flow and products that will be produced from the three products. Potential mapping is carried out by means of questionnaires to partners spread across 4 sub-districts, Jember Regency with consideration of the radius of the mapping distance of 5 km from the Politeknik Negeri Jember. Respondent partners are used as the basis for considering feasibility in establishing TEFA in the Engineering Department. The questionnaire to productive partners in the automotive sector grouped into four sub-districts obtained a mapping of a total of 100 partners from Sumbersari, Patrang, Kaliwates, Ajung with a number of 35, 14, 17 and 34 partner respondents respectively who were considered as candidates for collaboration in pioneering TEFA in the Department of Engineering. The GADM results provide a questionnaire score for each sub-district average from product groups Y1, Y2 and Y3 with a score of 3.2, 2.9 and 3.4. The partner's choice of the highest score is biofuel (Y3).

A method used to optimize the design process in a manufacturing system is the Design For Manufacturing and Assembly Method (DFMAM). The idea of this optimization method is to minimize assembly process errors, reduce redundancy of components, save on production costs, as well as ease of operation. In this study, the method will be used on a biodiesel processor with multi feedstock type equipped with intelligent system for production perimeter control that is specifically designed to produce biodiesel from corn and coconut oil as raw materials produced by Jember, Indonesia. The design framework is made suitable for small-scale biodiesel production in MSMEs for industrial or laboratory purposes, in order to produce biodiesel that meets the biodiesel standards of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Republic of Indonesia. Processor component assembly via the DFMAM principle is simplified to reduce component complexity and redundancy. The biodiesel produced by this method has been tested and recorded a density value of 15 cel.deg. 874 - 877 kg/m3, viscosity at 40 cel.deg 4.3 – 4.7 mm2/s, Acid value 0.14 0.15 mg KOH/g, Cetane 56 – 58, Cloud Point 7 – 8 cel.deg., pour point 4 – 5, Flashpoint 171 – 178 cel.deg and distillation point 345 – 350 cel.deg.

The cooling system in computer equipment generally uses a conventional fan, where the heat transfer occurs by radiation so that the level of heat absorption is not optimal in computer components that generate heat. In overcoming these problems, a cooling system using the immersion cooling method is used. The use of an immersion cooling system on computer equipment aims to compare the temperature drop on CPU performance using conventional cooling and immersion cooling. In testing the computer system will be operated for 24 hours with maximum CPU performance. Variations of the immersion cooling system in the form of flow rates of 2, 4 and 6 lpm with variations in the rotation of the radiator fan at 200, 400 and 600 rpm. The results of the test show that the temperature reduction that can be achieved by conventional cooling is 71.2°C, while the temperature decrease in the immersion cooling system with the best variation is at a water rate of 6 lpm and a fan rotation of 600 rpm is 42.8°C. The results of the test can be seen that the immersion cooling system can significantly reduce the working temperature of the CPU.

Thermoelectric generator is an alternative energy that utilizes temperature differences into electrical energy. The use of a thermoelectric generator (TEG SP1848) by utilizing a heat source from the exhaust heat of a cold storage condenser requires thermodynamic, environmental thermal, and techno-economic analysis. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive and evaluative methods. Thermodynamic analysis of the amount of heat wasted at each position of the engine pipe obtained T₁ pipe 38613.47 Watts, T₂ pipe 3960.35 Watts, and T₃ pipe 39651.80 Watts. The SP1848-based TEG energy conversion device absorbs 11.14 watts of heat energy placed in the T₃ pipe and has an efficiency of 0.23%. Analysis of the environmental conditions of the cold storage engine room based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Predicted Percentage Discomfort (PPD) and Temperature Humidity Index (THI) values shows that the engine room environment is not comfortable for human activities and can disrupt the balance of human metabolism. Techno-economic feasibility evaluation based on Net Present Value (NPV) and Payback Period (PBP) produces a negative value, while Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) is 0.0012, indicating that the conversion tool is not feasible to run.

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that the work contains tortured phrases [1].

 IOP Publishing has investigated and agrees the article contains a number of nonsensical phrases that feature throughout the paper, to the extent that the article makes very little sense.

  It suggests the article may potentially have been created at least partly by artificial intelligence or translation software. IOP Publishing wishes to credit the Problematic Paper Screener for bringing the issue to our attention.

  IOP Publishing Limited have been unable to contact the authors regarding this retraction, despite numerous attempts. The authors are encouraged to contact IOP Publishing Limited if they wish to comment on this retraction.

[1] Cabanac G, Labbe C, Magazinov A, 2021, arXiv:2107.06751v1

Retraction published: 16 December 2022

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that the work contains tortured phrases [1].

IOP Publishing has investigated and agrees the article contains a number of nonsensical phrases that feature throughout the paper, to the extent that the article makes very little sense.

  It suggests the article may potentially have been created at least partly by artificial intelligence or translation software. IOP Publishing wishes to credit the Problematic Paper Screener for bringing the issue to our attention.

  The authors have neither confirmed whether they agree or disagree to this retraction.

 [1] Cabanac G, Labbe C, Magazinov A, 2021, arXiv:2107.06751v1

Retraction published: 09 January 2023