Table of contents

On behalf of the Editors, it is our pleasure to accept many research papers on the latest development in infrastructure studies during the 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure (ICSI 2020). The Conference, which was organized by Department of Civil Engineering and Planning-Yogyakarta State University, was succesfully held on 5th October 2020. Different from the previous conferences, ICSI 2020 was carried out in the form of virtual conference due to the impact of Covid-19 pandemic. Because there was worldwide travel restriction, ICSI 2020 was held in this flexible online conference to gather experts and scholars with the aim to continue disseminating the latest advanced research in the field of sustainable infrastructures, and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted. These kind of activities must continue in order to avoid delays in the development and application of new knowledges especially in a difficult situation during the pandemic.

For the Plenary Session, the committee of ICSI 2020 invited a keynote speaker, Wikan Sakarinto, Ph.D. (Director General of Vocational Education, Ministry of Education and Culture – Republic of Indonesia), and two renowned experts as invited speakers: Prof. Atsushi Fukuda (Nihon University – Japan) and Prof. Ts. Dr. Salwani Mohd. Daud (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia – Malaysia). The keynote and invited speeches were the first session of the conference, which were each delivered in about 45 minutes via Zoom meeting. Following the keynote presentations, the parallel sessions was held through online meeting group via Zoom meeting for participants to share and discuss more about their research. In total, 7 parallel virtual rooms were allocated for the presentation and discussion. Each presenter in the parallel session was given 10-minutes pre-recorded presentation and 5 minutes question and answer session. The pre-recorded presentations were also shared in ICSI YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoiPBovMgHz0zOZuarvbW-w). Therefore, if the participants still have something to discuss, the discussion can be continued in the channel comment section.

We were very glad that the participants enjoyed the conference very much both the technical quality and also the discussion session. In total, ICSI 2020 was attended by more than 200 participants from Japan, China, Turkey, Malaysia, and all over Indonesia. We received more than 100 paper submissions to be presented in the conference. Hence, ICSI 2020 selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard. We would like to warmly thank all the authors who, with their presentations and papers, generously contributed to the lively exchange of scientific information that is so vital to the endurance of scientific conferences of this kind.

Lastly, ICSI 2020 would like to thank the organization staff, the members of the program committees and reviewers. They have worked very hard in reviewing papers and making valuable suggestions for the authors to improve their work. We also would like to express our gratitude to the external reviewers, for providing extra help in the review process, and the authors for contributing their research result to the conference.

List of Committees, Conference Secretariat are available in this pdf

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Type of peer review : Single-blind method

The organizer provides authors' details to the reviewers but keep reviewers' information from the authors. This method allows reviewers to critique papers without any influence being exerted by the authors.

Conference submission management system : http://icsi.uny.ac.id/user/register

This submission management system was developed by Center of Information and Communication Technology, Yogyakarta State University

Number of submissions received : 104 papers

Number of submissions sent for review : 73 papers

Number of submissions accepted : 68 papers

Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted/Number of Submissions Received X 100) : 65%

Average number of reviews per paper : 2 reviewers/paper

Total number of reviewers involved : 22 reviewers

Any additional info on review process : The papers are evaluated based on: a. Originality of the paper

b. Theoretical/conceptual framework

c. Research methodology

d. Quality and significance of the papers' findings

e. Readability and writing style

Contact person for queries : Name : Dr.-Ing. Satoto E. Nayono, M.Eng., M.Sc.

Affiliation: Yogyakarta State University

Email: satoto.nayono@uny.ac.id

Physical infrastructure at urban in Indonesia ruminant slaughterhouse is typically old and in need of urgent rehabilitation. Infrastructure and equipment at ruminant slaughterhouses, in particular, are very poor and in many cases new facilities may be the only option for medium to long-term solutions. This study was carried out to evaluate the sustainability on physical conditions, and functional status of infrastructure of ruminant slaughterhouses. The survey data were collected the December 2017 until at April 2019 for this study. Twelve ruminant slaughterhouses situated at Bogor City, IPB, Depok, Jakarta, Bekasi, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Yogyakarta, Semarang, Kudus, Surabaya, and Malang were selected for the study. Data were collected through interview as well as through observations. The data were coded, classified, tabulated and analysed using the software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). Furthermore, influential variables are processed through MDS analysis to find out the Ruminant Slaughterhouse infrastructure sustainability index. The research finding that the sustainability status value is 77.30 % (good sustainable), and leverage analysis showed that the attribute that has the highest Root Mean Square (RMS) value is Infrastructure of Water supply source (4.0119).

The impact of the development of the UNNES Campus in Sekaran, a suburb of Semarang City, has become a trigger for the growth of new activities which require the provision of new spaces, especially settlements. This phenomenon shows the growth of settlements that ignore the environment. This study aims to examine the influence of the building mass configuration of settlements around the UNNES Sekaran Campus on environmental carrying capacity as a buffer zone for Semarang City. This studi uses descriptive exploratory method which aims to describe the state of a phenomenon in the field. The results of this study are the influence of the building mass configuration of settelements on environmental carrying capacity. The configuration of the building mass that does not pay attention to rainwater infiltration and reduction of sun exposure has an impact on reducing the supporting capacity of the environment and reducing occupant comfort.

The operation and maintenance phase is one of the most important and longest phase in the green building life cycle. In this phase, the existence of internal support and facilitating that is oriented towards sustainable green management can have a major impact on building performance. Its existence is both a support and a catalyst for other processes to be undertaken during this phase. This study aims to assess the content validity in the preparation of a questionnaire for the assessment instrument for internal support and facilitating of sustainable green management, particularly the operation and maintenance phase of buildings in Indonesia. Internal support and facilitation is divided into 3 key variables in this research: leadership, policy, and people. Meanwhile, the study stage consists of instrument design, expert panel determination, and content validity quantification. The method used in the content validity analysis consists of: I-CVI, S-CVI, CVR and Kappa statistical coefficient. Based on the results of the study, the number of indicators that meet the requirements is as follows: four indicators on the leadership variable, six indicators on the policy variable and five indicators for the people variable.

The city of Jakarta is one of the largest metropolitan cities in Indonesia. Urban development is often oriented towards transportation systems with two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles. If there is little space for pedestrians, it cannot provide benefits and advantages for pedestrians. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, where data collection is carried out through surveys with observations and questionnaires. Google form-based questionnaires were given to respondents classified according to gender who passed the Pemuda Street pedestrian path, this was due to conditions in the field that made it impossible to meet many people during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sampling technique used in this study was random sampling. The results showed 156 respondents with a percentage of 68.12% of respondents stated that the Pemuda pedestrian path was comfortable for pedestrians to pass. This is supported by several indicator factors, from some of these indicators, it can be seen that the indicators of the surface condition of the pedestrian pathway at Pemuda Street, both men and women, feel comfortable with a percentage of 78.93% and 75.08%, but the indicators of Obstacle / obstruction on the pedestrian pathway Youth, both male and female, felt uncomfortable with a percentage of 52.33% and 49.58%.

Green Open Space (GOS) is one of the conditions for the formation of a good and healthy city that is beneficial for humans and the environment around the city. In Jambi City Arena Youth Park is one of the GOS and a place for people to do activities such as sports, picnics with family, playgrounds and other activities in Jambi City. This paper aims to determine the user's perception of Arena Youth Park as a green open space. The method used in this research is quantitative qualitative. The results showed that the typology of green open space in Arena Youth Park was optimal, most of them had met the standards in the Minister of Public Works Regulation No.05/PRT/M/2008. Users of Arena Youth Park tend to engage in recreational activities with a proportion of 49.1%. The variable that has a significant effect on the existence of Arena Youth Park as GOS is Arena Youth Park which affects air quality in cities. As many as 73% of Arena Youth Park users agree that Arena Youth Park is a green open space in Jambi City. With three aspects, namely ecological (72%), socio-cultural (73%) and economic (75%).

Infrastructure development such as multi-storey buildings, toll roads, bridges, housing, and others continue to be carried out to improve the economic region. Those things require planning and a good foundation in order to have a durable and earthquake-resistant building. Earthquake is one of the most destructive geological hazards and can trigger other geological hazards, such as landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction, and land subsidence. Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, is one of the susceptible areas to this hazard. The earthquake hazard assessment is important to do to reduce the risk of material and immaterial loss. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of the maximum magnitude range parameter using the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) method using USGS PSHA software. The result obtained from this study were in Bengkulu Province with all earthquake sources show the value of bedrock acceleration with 2500 years of return period in the range 1.2 – 1.5g. The observed sensitivity shows that Bengkulu Province has a sensitivity value in range of 0.01 – 0.03 with the highest value being in Bengkulu City with a value (0.02722) due to uncertainties of maximum magnitude with range of (+0.1) Mw and the fault source indicates that Lebong has a value of (0,05890742).

Land stability is one of the main determining factors for the bearing capacity of the environment. The land stability is influenced by the condition and characteristics of the resources in the environment. The supply capacity in terms of the level of land stability for spatial use allocation has been based on the capacity of land for agriculture and the physical aspects of the land. It accordance with the local regulation i.e. no. 17 of 2009. Land stability includes the ability of land for agriculture and the physical aspects of land, as well as the stratigraphy of subsurface soil mass, especially geological characteristic. The research was conducted in Semarang City Indonesia by drilling and standard penetration test (SPT) and taking 448 undisturbed samples (UDS's) of soil that scattered in the research area. Analysis of UDS's have been carried out in the laboratory to obtain comparisons with SPT values in determining the level of land stability both vertically and horizontally. Soil types obtained are clay, silt, silt-sand, sand, and sand stone with a level of consistency and density in accordance with the measured SPT. Land stability values ranged from 0.201 kg/cm²-14.248 kg/cm² covering all types of soil with different consistencies and density. The distribution of land stability is given in an infographic to get an overview of the land stability levels geographically at a depth of 2.5m, 5.0m, 7.5m, and 10.0m. This infographic can be useful for spatial evaluation, engineering guidance, and environmental research in Semarang City, Indonesia.

Nowadays, various soil improvement methods have been developed. One of them is the soil reinforcement method as an alternative solution to subsidence and low soil bearing capacity. This study aimed to determine the effect of reinforcing bamboo mats, bamboo grids, and geotextiles non-woven on increasing the bearing capacity of clay soil and comparing the bearing capacity of each variation with the value of the bearing capacity without reinforcement. This research is an experimental study using the loading method with the modeling of the underburdened soil conditions. This study uses woven bamboo reinforcement, bamboo grids, and geotextiles non-woven. Each effect of the reinforcing material on the clay is sought for the ultimate bearing capacity value. The results showed that: (1) the type of soil according to the USCS classification in Kalangan Hamlet, Bangunjiwo Village, Kasihan District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region is inorganic clay with high plasticity, fat clays with code CH (high clay plasticity). According to AASHTO, the soil classified in group A-7-6 (40), (2) the addition of reinforcing bamboo mats, grids bamboo, and geotextiles non-woven can increase the ultimate bearing strength (3) strengthening the bamboo grid can provide an increase in value. The ultimate bearing strength (qult), which is dominant, is 3.4 times that of the original soil without reinforcement with a bearing capacity ratio (BCR) of 3.44 or a 234.43% increase in percentage. This study shows that bamboo is more effective in transferring and spreading loads to the soil.

Generally, Projects have a deadline, which means the completion of the project must be on time because the successful implementation of a project is an important goal for both the project owner. Management involvement is required for executing the project more effectively and efficiently from the beginning of the task, project completion time and cost. The program needed to project scheduling, project completion time and cost. The problem discussed in this study is the CPM calculation result using Microsoft Project, how to identify the critical path and float in each activity with the CPM. The purpose is to obtain the results of time scheduling calculations using Microsoft project-based CPM, to analyze the critical path of the CPM, and to find out activities that have a grace period. Based on shop drawing, SNI analysis is carried out which is the starter to make project schedules with duration calculated from SNI analysis. The calculation result and data input carried out in Microsoft Project create 180 workdays with 22 activities are on a critical trajectory which takes 20,635 hours. After the authors reschedule the project implementation lasted 172 working days, there were 7 activities on the critical trajectory, spending 18,339 hours.

Current settlements development face problems of funding sources for limited infrastructure construction. Especially during the Covid 19 pandemic, where state revenue as the main basis for infrastructure funding could not reach the expected target. It requires blended financing sources that do not only rely on the ability of state funding but also alternative sources of funding, one of which is in the form of philanthropy, an effort to help others which are manifested by a social charity in the form of funds or something else. This research applied a descriptive-analytic method to explore various philanthropic phenomena developed in Indonesia. The results show that philanthropy has been developing for a long time and has become one of the roots of the social life of the Indonesian people. Philanthropy grows from the spirit of togetherness in the community and encourages outcomes in the form of an increased sense of belonging, the community in socializing, and community initiatives in caring for and managing the built network system. The sustainability of infrastructure development on a community scale will be more guaranteed with the existence of philanthropy in the community.

The common practice of construction planning may not formulate the schedule at the appropriate level of detail. Some prerequisite activities such as material supply, plant installation, and document preparation are unorganized. Failure in managing prerequisite activities may increase the risk of delay. Thus, an improvement of the current scheduling practice is substantial which can be performed by adopting technologies. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an innovative concept that allows us to integrate the schedule and the building element with the ability to control the information systematically. Considering the implementation of BIM is still limited, this paper aims to investigate the potential of BIM to improve the project schedule by detailing the prerequisite activities. The study is started by an extensive literature review to define the status of the current studies and the research gaps. The state of BIM implementation as a tool to improve the project schedule is examined. Lastly, the potential merge between BIM and the utilization of the prerequisites activities is elaborated. The proposal is an initial step to develop a BIM-based system which can automatically assign the prerequisite activities to every building element. It enhances the scheduling practices and minimizes the risk of delay.

This research aims to determine the influence of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as an ingredient partially added cement in the making of mortar against compressive strength, porosity, and absorption of mortar. This method of research uses experimental methods. The Mortar mixture used is 1 PC: 2 PS and 0.5 cement factor. GGBFS variations are used at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the weight of cement. This research used cubes with a size 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm with a sample amount of 36 pieces with a test age of 7 days. The research results gained compressive strength mortar than mortar control, but at a percentage of 30%, GGBFS bagasse ash in a portion of cement has decreased in strength. Compressive strength at the age of 7 days obtained 10.93 MPa; 11.73 MPa; 17.33 MPa; 10.8 MPa; 16.27 MPa, and 16.8 MPa. The compressive strength the maximum average found in the variation of 20% and a variation of 20% GGBFS is a variation that meets the Type M Mortar plan's compressive strength of 17.2 MPa.

In this study, effects of different curved structures on mechanical behavior of curved double steel-concrete composite shear (SC) walls under cyclic loading were investigated numerically. Firstly, the experimental results of a straight SC wall under cyclic loading were used to validate numerical result. After then, curved SC walls were designed in ABAQUS according to different radius-thickness (R/t) ratios (5,10,15,20,25,30,40). In numerical studies, in-plane monotonic response, cycling response, and out-of-plane monotonic response were investigated by changing the loading. The results showed that among all parameters, the R/t ratio:5 has better seismic performance by 11.87% than straight SC wall under cyclic loading. In addition, it was found that when the ratio of the radius of curvature to the section thickness values were greater than 10, curved SC walls behaved as straight SC walls. When the R/t ratio was bigger than 10, the ultimate load and damage of wall load dropped consistently. According to in-plane monotonic response results, R/t ratio:5 has a 13.6% better peak force than straight wall when it is compared with other R/t ratio values. Calculated results showed that although there is no effect in bearing capacity when R/t ≥ 10, it increased by 35.4% when R/t is 5.

The impact of climate change is the implication of global warming that affects people around the world, including Indonesia, which is causing more the intensity and type of natural disaster that causes a decrease or malfunction of a city. To reduce the impact of climate change is needed for the application of the concept of resilience. Resilience is the ability to withstand disturbances caused by external factors and the ability to recover if damage occurs. One of the natural disasters is an earthquake is a natural disaster that often occurs in Indonesia and generally causes significant damage to the physical condition of buildings and infrastructure. This study aims to create a prediction model to measure the impact of a disaster as a decision support system such as a mitigation strategy and responses to identify measures that can improve performance infrastructure to meet resilience goals. One of probabilistic methods is the Bayesian Network method. It is a graphical model probabilistic that represents a set of variables and freedom probabilistic using conditional-probability-table. This research expects as a proposed method of assessing resilience infrastructure to cities in Indonesia when natural disasters occur, especially earthquakes.

There is an immediate need for reinforced concrete (RC) construction to protect natural resources and environmental sustainability due to a gradual decline in natural resources and a problem in many waste disposal sites used. Reducing natural stones as aggregates in concrete using agriculture waste as aggregate to produce lightweight concrete is an effective way to reduce this problem. Lightweight concrete applications for structural design have long been applied because they significantly benefit design and construction costs. However, limited information about the structural performance, such as the bond strength, the compressive strength can be a barrier to applying lightweight concrete in the construction industry, as inadequate bond strength can result in structural deficiencies in RC structures. Therefore, to launch the use of lightweight concrete as a general material of construction, this research was conducted to review the current information on the mechanical behaviour of corroded lightweight concrete structures, while agricultural solid wastes were used as a lightweight aggregate in the concrete mixture.

The discrete element method (DEM) is widely used to predict the motion over time of many particles, such as molecules or soil particles. The computational demands for DEM simulations are significant. Therefore, improved performance could address a spectrum of scientific and engineering applications. This paper proposes an accelerated implementation for the DEM using Advanced of Reduced Instruction Set Computing Machine. The method used in this research is to compare the results of the ARM versus x86 analysis. The case study refers to the investigation conducted by V. Ćmilauer using YADE programming. The results showed that the performance of ARM as a microprocessor was capable of DEM analysis. Furthermore, because the arm stands alone as a system, it runs both Ubuntu and Windows operating systems without affecting each other's performance and capabilities. Finally, the study will focus on ARM processing as future works.

Reinforced concrete is a composite material made up of two components with unequal mechanical behaviour and physical features. This action is produced by the interaction between both of its components, plain concrete and reinforcing bars. In, general, the external load is applied to concrete and to the reinforcing bars receive its part of the load only from the surrounding concrete by bond. So, bond stress is the shear stress acting parallel to an embedded bar on the surface between the bar and the concrete. The aim of this research is to investigate the behaviour of concrete characteristic on severe environment, and the bond strength of steel reinforcement with two different treatments. The concrete compressive strength is taken to be 35 MPa, as recommended on standards. The test commenced are compressive test and bond strength test. The concrete compressive strength, (f'_c) have met the criteria, since the average compressive strength obtained from the test are above 35 MPa. The concrete quality control has a poor-quality control, which has coefficient of variation 10.99% against ACI 214R-11 requirement. The bond strength using painted reinforcement shows the relatively good performance rather than using waterproofed concrete and the bond strength using waterproofed concrete shows relatively flat performance. With the point of view of practical aspect, the waterproofed concrete seems to be more practical rather than painted reinforcement.

An experimental program is conducted which three type of concrete mixtures are made to express the different in quality of concrete. Each type of concrete mixture will be consisting of two type of specimens, i.e., ∅100mm × 200mm in height and ∅150mm × 300mm in height. Each set will be 30 specimens, so the total specimens are 180. All the specimens will be tested in the standard age of 28 days. All of them will be tested as follow: (1) Rebound hammer test, (2) ultrasonic pulse velocity, and (3) compressive test. The ∅100mm test specimens having correlation ranged from 90% to 95% against ∅150mm test specimens. The rebound number of Schmidt hammer test having good correlation to the compression strength since it has the R² of 0.8259, so that the regression value to be 0.9088. The ultrasonic pulse velocity reading also having good correlation to the compression strength since it has the R² of 0.8006, so that the regression value to be 0.8946. The combine between rebound number, ultrasonic pulse velocity against the compression strength, after being normalize and analyse using nonlinear dynamic regression, having the good correlation since it has the R2 of 0.9843 and so that the regression value to be 0.9921. The chart produced from the nonlinear dynamic regression can be used directly to predict the concrete compression strength from the rebound number and the reading of ultrasonic pulse velocity.

Concrete is high in compressive strength but low in tensile strength and very brittle material. In this study, rattan fibre used as an added material to help eliminate the brittle properties of normal concrete. Variations of fibre used consisted of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight of cement with mixed planning using the American Concrete Institute method. The compressive strength and stress-strain tests were carried out when the concrete was 28 days old, with a design compressive strength of 25 MPa as many as 15 pieces. The value resulting from testing on normal concrete without the addition of fibres is 24.94 MPa, 0.5% variation of rattan fibres is 23.23 MPa, 1% variation of rattan fibre is 25.3 MPa, 1.5% variation of rattan fibre is 25.85 MPa, 2% variation of rattan fibre is 23.59 MPa. Normal concrete compressive strength test showed an increase in strength at 1.5% rattan fibre and decreased at an additional 2%. The result of stress-strain test in normal concrete without rattan fibre is 0.00125, 0.5% of 0.00254, 1% of 0.00067, 1.5% of 0.00053, 2% of 0.00333. The stress-strain test shows that the addition of rattan fibre can help eliminate the brittle properties that are lacking in normal concrete in general.

Residential buildings are included in the category of non-engineered buildings that suffered the most damage during an earthquake. This is because most of the building materials used and the working techniques, especially the reinforcement, do not meet the requirements. This research will be reviewed numerically using ATENA software on three types of numerical models, each of which represents non-engineered buildings, engineered buildings and reinforcement models with steel plates. The results showed that the non-engineered building model would experience the largest deflection and the smallest load bearing capacity, while the other 2 models experienced a smaller displacement with a greater load capacity. The best performance is shown in models with steel plate reinforcement, so that the reinforcement of steel plates in non-technical buildings will effectively increase the performance of non-engineered buildings.

Structural problems related to damage and failure of the buildings. Some methods have been commonly applied to enhance the capacity of a building structure through strengthening and repair by enlarging the dimensions of the structure, reinforcing it using steel plates, applying external pre-stressing, and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). CFRP is alternative material for reinforcing building structures. Unfortunately, debonding failure often occurs in the use of CFRP unless special treatment is applied for more optimal reinforcement capability. In this experimental study, CFRP with an anchor system made of CFRP was applied in concrete reinforcement. This experimental laboratory study was done through a series of scientific procedures to explain the problems and propose a proper solution. The test object in this study was a beam of 150 mm x 200 mm x 3200 mm size with a third point load. The variables in this study were different distances between anchors at 0.000 mm, 1200 mm, 800 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm. The results showed that the CFRP anchor applied within 1200 mm successfully increased the strength capacity by 33,910%. The use of anchor solved debonding problems regarding the use of CFRP. The use of CFRP anchors within 1200 mm distance was found as the most effective method in the use of anchors.

An equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction was proposed for analyzing the Nailed-slab Pavement System. This modulus is defined by accumulating the modulus of subgrade of the slab and the additional modulus of subgrade reaction which is contributed by a pile under the slab. The additional modulus can be defined by the Modified Hardiyatmo Method. The equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction only consideres a safety factor for additional modulus of subgrade reaction. In this research, a global safety factor will be considered for all modulus. This research is aimed to learn the prediction of the slab deflection by using the allowable equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction. The global safety factor was varied by 1.0; 2.0; 2.5; and 3.0. The slab deflection was calculated by using Beam on Elastic Foundation. Data of the nailed-slab and the soil were based on the previous researcher for a single pile nailed-slab model. Results show that the calculated deflection of the slab was in good agreement with the observed deflection. Increasing the global safety factor resulted in the over-estimated slab deflections. It means the design by using allowable equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction tends to result in a safety zone.

Ground movement phenomena were detected at abutment A2 of Cigombong Bridge, causing the abutment to hit a girder. A thorough investigation has been performed by inspecting the structure condition and nearby landslide occurrences directly on site. Additional borings with Standard Penetration Test (SPT) were also conducted to evaluate the actual soil condition in the abutment area. Moreover, monitoring of subsurface movement was performed regularly with inclinometers. Such additional borings and inclinometers were located at the road elevation beside the wing wall and the existing ground surface near the abutment footing. During the installation of inclinometer pipes, soil identification and SPT were conducted. Consequently, the soil condition and SPT N-value profiles can be obtained. It was established that the original soil condition is very soft clay with an SPT N-value of 1 to 4 blows/30 cm. Furthermore, the inclinometer monitoring results showed that lateral displacements were identified in both inclinometers. Based on these findings, a 3D finite element analysis was then performed to investigate the effects of ground movement on the abutment and the foundations. The results showed a possibility of pile crack and overstressed pile due to the ground movement induced by compression of soft soil.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of threaded steel rod diameter and adhesive thickness on pull-out strength, shear strength, slip modulus, and damage patterns of glued-in rod embedded in laminated bamboo. The shape of the specimen is a cube with the dimensions of 100mm × 100mm × 100mm made of laminated Asian Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). The threaded steel rod diameter consists of three sizes, namely 8mm, 10mm, and 12mm. Each threaded steel rod is embedded in laminated bamboo to a 40mm length. The epoxy brand Sikadur 372 is used as an adhesive between laminated bamboo and threaded steel rods with three variations of adhesive thickness, namely 2mm, 3mm, and 4mm. Each variation of the test object was repeated five times. The results showed that the rod diameter and adhesive thickness affect the pull-out strength, shear strength, and slip modulus.

Earthquakes are events of the movement of the earth due to the sudden release of energy in the earth which is marked by the breaking of the rock layers in the earth's crust. Indonesia is located in an earthquake-prone area where three tectonic plates meet, namely the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate. Realizing the threat of an earthquake that could occur at any time, the Indonesian government took the initiative to take measures to prevent the risk of damage to infrastructure that could occur due to an earthquake. This paper presents an analysis of the earthquake resistance of a lecture building at an educational institution in the city of Yogyakarta with the equivalent static method and the dynamic response spectrum method. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of whether construction projects that have been implemented using SNI 1726-2012 are analyzed and compared with the latest standards, namely SNI 1726-2019, whether the building construction still meets earthquake resistance. The results of the comparative analysis of the equivalent static method and the dynamic response spectrum method show that the building under study does not meet the strength and resistance to earthquakes based on SNI 1726-2019, so it is necessary to strengthen the structure of the building under study.

Supply Chain Management (SCM) of the construction is a management of resource activities and relationship between suppliers and consumers from upstream to downstream in the terms of construction services. This study focused on Small and Medium Classes of constructors in Blora. The purposes of this study were to determine the positive effect of the performance of company, to determine the positive factors of Supply Chain Management in increasing the competitiveness of the company and in the level of the customers' satisfaction. The analysis was carried out through processing methods and path analysis was also used to analyze the data. The results show that the implementation of SCM can improve the performance and competitiveness of construction companies and it also affects the level of customers' satisfaction.

The old derrick steel truss structure had been found in imperfect structure such in some member loses and unsual bolt holes. The derrick structures were located in critical path room publics for instance the public transportation path and the electricity transmission networks. This research had a numerical model the single element linear buckling (eigenvalue) that were based on the finite element method. The derrick prototypes had been modeled in single element that had the largest axial compression load that was defined in the perfect model. The artificial circle holes were attached on the member then was defined in the imperfect model. The artificial circle hole as representative the unused bolt holes. The linear buckling analysis had been performed by utilizing the 3D frame and 3D solid idealization with the 6 buckling modes had been required. This research had also compared the single element buckling and the overall derrick structure buckling analysis. The results showed that the buckling capacity reduced due to the number of holes. The greates number had the lowest critical loads (P_cr) then had buckle early. The numerical buckling pattern had similarly with in the elastic buckling theory (Euler buckling) at every mode. The critical buckling stress was lower than the yielding stress for every models. The results also showed that the critical load of the single element was lower than the overall structure. However, considering the environmental load such in the seismic load then the overall derrick structure buckling failure had higher vulnerability than the single element buckling failure.

East Kalimantan is an area which rich in natural resources, as a Mahakam sand and local stones. They also have abaca fibre waste to increase the flexural strength of concrete. This material is still underutilized by the people of East Kalimantan. But, they prefer to use materials imported from Palu, Sulawesi, so the unit price of concrete is very expensive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local Kalimantan material and abaca fibre on the strength of concrete. This research begins with a literature review, then material procurement, and material testing. After that, make a concrete mix design. Make of specimens with a variation of abaca fibre 0%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6%. Then the compression test at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The flexural strength testing at the ages of 28 days. From the test results can make analysis and conclusions. From the research results, it indicated that the maximum compressive strength in the addition of abaca fibre 0.0% with the compressive strength 27.31 MPa, and the maximum of flexural strength in the additional of abaca fibre 0.6 % wth flexural strength 3.56 MPa.

Various developments of facilities and infrastructure have been carried out by Yogyakarta State University including the development of Vocational Campus in Wates-Kulon Progo, one of them is the Entrepreneurship Building. The development of Entrepreneurship Building in Wates campus is divided into 3 stages, from 2019 until 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Building Development in Wates campus when viewed in terms of cost perspective and terms of time. The method used in this study is comparative analysis and the comparison results are tabulated and analysed descriptively. The results of the study show that the implementation of the construction for the Entrepreneurship Building in Wates campus when viewed in terms of cost perspective during 2019-2021 period is estimated total budget of IDR 43 billion, meanwhile, if the construction is carried out in one year of work to completion, it is estimated total budget of IDR 36 billion, the percentage of difference as much as 15.625%. The development of Entrepreneurship Building in Wates campus when viewed in terms of time perspective during 2019-2021 is estimated to require 330 work days, meanwhile, if the construction is carried out in one year of work to completion, it is estimated that it will require 270 work days, the percentage of difference as much as 18.182%. Based on the results of the study, the implementation of the entrepreneurship building with multi years construction project is inefficient because there is a gap in cost and time comparing to a single year, especially for the pre-construction and additional work items that appear each year of construction (multi years).

The quality of pavement is influenced by good quality materials. Alternative materials can be used to increase the adhesion and viscosity of asphalt, including the using of latex and waste materials. The using of waste materials from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in addition to reducing environmental pollution problems is also expected to be an added material to improve the performance of asphalt. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using PVC on the asphalt mixture. The specification refers to the Bina Marga 2018 method, by making the specimen of three variations of PVC. The variations of PVC are 3%, 4% and 6%. The results of the Marshall test showed that the optimum asphalt content was 6.5%; 5.8% and 6%. The result of 30 minutes immersion Marshall test at 3% variation is 1,367.91 kg, at 4% variation is 1,283.84 kg and 6% variation are 1,225.81 kg. The durability value for three variation is 94.75%, 92.54% and 93.85%. The using of PVC as an additive indicated that the addition of PVC to the asphalt mixture can provide better durability but the higher the PVC as a additive can reduce stability because the void in mixture is low.

The problem of TransJoga as an alternative mode in Yogyakarta is the shortage of resources required for the optimum operation, thus there is a need for constant revision and enhancement of the transit system through performance evaluation. Main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of TransJogja from the government as the operator and the commuters as the passenger. Evaluation was done based on Origin-Destination matrix travel demand in Yogyakarta. The existing network was modelled with traffic macrosimulation VISUM software. Headway-based assignment procedure was used to model TransJogja passengers travel behaviours. Assignment calibration using TFlowFuzzy was done to produce model that can represent the existing condition the best. The results revealed that network of TransJogja has decent coverage and accessibility. However, it has low frequency and low passenger demand, thus effects in very low productivity and line efficiency. There is a long waiting time from and to line 8 (feeder line) with a waiting time up to 19 – 20 minutes in the morning rush hour and 16-20 minutes in the afternoon rush hour. All line routes have smaller number of average passenger volume than the required number due to low demand or low passenger turnover rate.

Asphalt quality improvement efforts starts from the construction of buildings, infrastructure and roads continue to be developed. This development will increase the need for material used. This study aims to (1) determine the effect of bagasse ash filler with concrete waste as a coarse aggregate on Marshall characteristics on asphalt concrete mixture, in terms of density, VIM (void in the mix), VMA (voids in mineral aggregates), VFA (void filled with asphalt), stability, flow (melting), and MQ (Marshall quotient). (2) As well as knowing the suitability of the Marshall test results with the requirements of Bina Marga 2010. This study uses an experimental testing method implemented by making test specimens following existing standards and conditions, as well as the use of bagasse ash as filler material and concrete waste as a substitute for coarse aggregate in asphalt mixture, with a variation of the percentage using bagasse ash filler with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% content. For each treatment, three samples were made. The results of testing the concrete asphalt mixture are: (1) density 2.16 gr/cc, VIM 11.56%, VMA 17.39%, VFA 33.91%, stability 3263.92 kg, flow (melting) 2.03 mm, MQ 2353.70 kg / mm. (2) Test results for all specimens, with the addition of bagasse ash filler as asphalt mixture filler, have met the 2010 Bina Marga requirements, as a minimum requirement for the highway, with stability values of more than 800 kg and flow values between 2 mm to 4 mm.

Malang Regency is an area with the second busiest road traffic after Surabaya. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the movement of speed and volume of traffic and performance on arterial roads in Malang Regency. The data collection technique used literature study, conducted a survey at each location point of the research area with the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT). The analysis technique used the Highway Capacity Manual Indonesia (MKJI) 2017. The results showed that the level of road service with category B was in Wonosari District with a saturation degree of 0.372, the level of road service category C was in Wagir, Gedangan, Ngajum and Tirtoyudo Districts with saturation degrees between 0.565-0.678 and the level of road service category D in Wajak District with degree of saturation 0.798. Meanwhile, 27 roads have a poor service level which is included in the E and F categories with the degree of saturation > 0.850. Recommend policies regarding restrictions on the use of private vehicles and alternative traffic engineering to divert transportation routes to new land uses and to more intensively disseminate information to the public on using public transportation as a means of daily transportation.

Cities in Southeast Asia frequently face urban floods, and transportation is often disrupted due to road closures. To reduce road transport vulnerability, the road network should be properly adapted for the flooding condition. To generate suitable adaptation measures for road transportation, travel behaviors under flooding condition, and their differences under normal conditions should be clarified. We aimed to understand the changes in travel behaviors caused by urban floods to compare with normal and flooding conditions in Ubon Ratchathani City, Thailand. A questionnaire survey was applied to understand the travel behaviors under both conditions, and its comparison revealed that under flooding, people prefer early departure time, and reduce the trip frequency depending on trip purpose. Moreover, we compared the route choice behaviors under both conditions using geographic information system (GIS) from collected data. Comparison with travel behaviors under both conditions, we clarified the change in travel behaviors under flooding and that differed from the affected extent depending on trip purpose.

Asphalt is one of the non-renewable natural resources. It is necessary to conduct various studies regarding alternative materials can be used as a substitute for asphalt. Crude palm oil (CPO) has almost the same texture and properties as asphalt, when it is heated it will melt so it can be substituted as a binding agent in the AC-WC layer. Based on the background, this study aims to analyze the effect of 50% CPO substitution and 50% pen 60/70 on the AC-WC layer. This research is based on the Public Works Department General specifications in 2010 using the marshall method by varying 50% CPO and 50% pen 60/70. Variation of 50% CPO and 50% 60/70 pen get Asphalt Optimum Content (AOC) value of 4.5% from the test results of 15 test specimens and 6 specimens using AOC. The results of the test with a 30-minute immersion (stability) all the characteristics meet the marshall parameters that are implied, namely: a stability value of 842 kg, a Flow of 3.1 mm, a VIM of 4.64%, a VMA of 15.30%, a VFB of 69, 67% and the MQ value of 271.51 kg / mm. Marshall testing with a 24-hour immersion (durability) did not meet the specifications required so that this pavement is not durable.

Streets and sidewalks are inseparable for users. Users especially pedestrians use the sidewalk as access to move from one to another place. The existence of the sidewalk increases the ease in each person to continue to move in a place that is not too far apart so that it is more efficient and effective. Sidewalks with accessibility and environmental quality that support will make the community in an area. This research is a survey research using a questionnaire. Respondents were randomly selected as many as 100 people around Gejayan street sidewalk. The pedestrian classification is divided based on stationary pedestrians and mobiler pedestrians. Stationary pedestrians are pedestrians who carry out their daily activities around the sidewalk path. Whereas a mobile pedestrian is a pedestrian who uses the sidewalk pathway only as a path to move between places at certain times. The results showed the level of comfort of stationary pedestrians on Gejayan street was 55.74% and the level of comfort of mobile pedestrians on Gejayan street was 55.77%. So that it is obtained if the comfort level of both types of pedestrians are categorized as quite comfortable.

LCA has been utilized over the past two decades to estimate the environmental impacts of pavement in infrastructures. The purpose of this study is to systematically map research on the use of LCA to calculate energy and emissions in road infrastructure projects. The research method is carried out by a literature review, in terms of systematic mapping study of a number of previous scientific publications, in the form of documents that have been published in international and national journals and proceedings, etc., in the last thirty years. The results show that: The topic of LCA is still an interesting area of research, and the trend from year to year shows an increase in the publication of articles in reputable journals. As much as 57.8% research, using the process based calculation method. Only 15.6% of research calculated energy and emissions in the four completed stages of the project life cycle. As much as 37.5% research compared the flexible and rigid pavement as research objects. There is a chance to research the development of the energy optimization model for road infrastructure projects using cradle to cradle system boundary, from initiation to the end of life as a whole project life cycle.

The rise of violations of traffic regulations and standard operating procedures for Batik Solo Trans public transport by public transport drivers is caused by weak law enforcement with limitations of law enforcement officials in its implementation. In this regard, a tool is needed to support law enforcement, particularly in relation to the violation reporting system of the traffic and standard operating procedures for Batik Solo Trans public transport. The reporting tool must be effective, efficient and transparent in its reporting system. The aim of the study is to develop an Android-based public transport violation reporting application called BST Watch App. Android is a Linux-based operating system designed for touch screen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android is an operating system with open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License. The application system is created by using the java programming language. The results of public transport violations characteristic analysis in the study area indicate that the type of violation which is often occurs is picking up and dropping off passengers at outside the bus stop. The implementation of the BST Watch App shows that this application is easy to use, practical, accurate, and transparent.

The central government plans to provide operational funding for urban public transport in the form of a Buy the Service (BTS) scheme in order to anticipate the degradation of the Batik Solo Trans (BST) public transport performance. One of the efforts to improve BST public transport services is by providing BST public transport a special lane facility on Brigjend Slamet Riyadi road from East to West direction called One-Way System with Contra Flow Bus Lane. This study discusses the design of traffic signal timing settings at Gendengan Intersection with implementation of One-Way System with Contra Flow Bus Lane on Brigjend Slamet Riyadi road. The signalized intersection performance is calculated by using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997 method. Several scenarios of traffic signal timing for the signalized intersection are used to find out the best scenario. The results of signalized intersection performance analysis show that with implementation of One-Way System with Contra Flow Bus Lane, the level of service Gendengan intersection has decreased from D to F in the afternoon peak hours for Protected Scenario case, while in the morning and afternoon peak hours remain constant for all scenarios.

Pedestrians are travellers who are the most vulnerable to traffic accidents. In general, pedestrian safety in urban areas tends to be neglected. Lack of adequate pedestrian facilities, especially midblock pedestrian crossing facilities, has an impact on pedestrian safety. In order to improve pedestrian safety, therefore the Surakarta city government provides a pedestrian crossing facility, namely Pelican crossing. The existence of a Pelican crossing has an impact on road performance where the traffic and pedestrian flow is regulated by signal timing. The existing Pelican crossing is a type of pedestrian-actuated control logic with fixed-time operation. This study aims to design demand responsive Pelican crossing based on Vehicle Actuated Control Extension Principle (VAC EP) logic, where signal timing is based on real time traffic conditions. The performance of Pelican crossings at midblock pedestrian crossing facility is analysed by using a calibrated and validated VISSIM simulation model. The performance of the proposed Pelican crossing (VAC EP) is compared to the existing Pelican crossing. The simulation analysis results show that the proposed Pelican crossing (VAC EP) performance is better than the existing Pelican crossing, in terms of average pedestrian delay.

Road construction on clay causes many problems with road damage because clay has a low bearing capacity and a large swelling value. The soil stabilization method was used to improve clay soil characteristics by adding cement, lime, fly ash, or other stabilizing agents. One of the stabilizing agents used in this study is coconut shell charcoal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding coconut shell charcoal to the CBR value and the swelling index on clay soil. In this study, the coconut shell charcoal used was 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% of the dry weight of the soil. The samples used were disturbed soil, and the curing period was 7 days. Testing the physical and mechanical properties of the soil (CBR and Swelling test) refers to the ASTM Standard. The results showed that the addition of coconut shell charcoal by 4% increased the bearing capacity and reduced the swelling index. An optimal CBR value of 14.69% was obtained for the addition of coconut shell charcoal by 4% with the unsoaked condition with a 7-day curing period. Whereas in the soaked soil condition, the optimal CBR value is 8.53% and the swelling value is 0.24%. Increasing the CBR value and decreasing the swelling value will cause the road construction layer to be more stable in supporting the load.

The signalized intersection on the case study area continued getting worse in recent times due to the increasing traffic volume. To increase the level of service, treatment is carried out by adding a special left turn lanes of Sarwo Edhi Wibowo Street (named sodetan road). The research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of adding left-turn lane to increase the intersection capacity. Analysis method using Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesi (PKJI) 2014. Based on the analysis results, the snooze value and queue length decreased in the observation area (sodetan road), but the decrease in the average delay value of all approach lanes was not significant enough. Unfortunately, the level of service with or without the new road has not changed, still worse (F). Widening road in the form of the addition of sodetan road at this signalized intersections turns out not to be very effective in solving congestion problems. This research is expected to be a recommendation for related agencies in improving the performance of the signalized intersection and can be considered in the development of policies related to the effectiveness of widening the road or adding lanes at other intersections in reducing congestion at intersections.

Reclamation plan in Jakarta Bay close to the power plant cooling water discharge location. It will affect hot water distribution system and possibly increase water temperature around the power plant intake location. The increase in water temperature at the intake location will disrupt the operation of the power plant. The impact of hot water discharge to the intake location can be reduced by extending the intake channel and building barrier walls as planned by the Muara Karang Power Plant. Modeling is done with 3 scenarios, namely the existing condition, the existence of the reclamation island, and the proposed infrastructure around the power. This modeling aims to determine the effect of the reclamation island on heat distribution, especially around the intake location and the effectiveness of the infrastructures in minimizing the problem. Simulation for the east and west monsoons is done in 3 dimensions with MIKE3 Flow Model FM (DHI) by applying temperature function. Overall, the presence of reclamation island will increase the average temperature at the intake by 0.32 to 0.7°C compared to the existing conditions, and the proposed infrastructure is quite effective to reduce the temperature at the intake by 0.5 to 0.8°C.

On the 26th of August 2019, the Indonesian government announced the location of the new nation's capital city. The plan to move the capital city raises various pros, cons, and several challenges, including those from natural disaster aspects. East Kalimantan's coastal area faces the Makassar Strait waters which have the potential for tsunamis, either originating from landslides or from the megathrust. The megathrust earthquake that has the potential to cause a tsunami in the area is the megathrust of North Sulawesi. In 1997, an earthquake measuring 7.9 Mw originating from the megathrust caused a catastrophic tsunami. According to Peta Gempa (Pusgen, 2017), the North Sulawesi Megathrust has the worst potential for an earthquake of magnitude 8.5. In this research, the tsunami wave height and the estimated time of arrival will be simulated using the TUNAMI numerical model. In addition, analyses from the simulation results are also made for coastal areas with high activity and large population (Palu, Toli-toli, Donggala, Mamuju, Samarinda, Berau, Kutai, and Bontang). The simulation results of this model show that the maximum height of the tsunami waves on the coast of East Kalimantan is 0.83 meters and the arrival time is around 1.6 to 2 hours.

The condition of limited infrastructure in Indonesia positions that current infrastructure is very important to be built immediately to support development in various fields so that economic, trade, industrial and other social activities run more smoothly and develop, so that the dynamics of society in all corners of the country will increase. The cost of producing electricity in Eastern Indonesia, such as Sulawesi, Papua, Maluku and Nusa Tenggara is currently 2 to 5 times the cost of producing electricity in Java, Bali and Sumatra. One of the ways that should be intensified is by building a small-scale Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) infrastructure concept that aims to meet the needs of gas consumers who do not receive gas pipelines or who require small volumes of gas, for example small capacity power plants, especially those in islands in Eastern Indonesia. In this archipelago, it is impossible for all regions to be connected by pipelines that cross the oceans, because of course it requires very large funds. The application of small-scale LNG technology is the right solution for LNG supply in Eastern Indonesia. If the energy infrastructure is available, the quality of human resources must also be improved so that they become human resources who are always active and always adapt to developments.

A rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve serves vital purposes in urban water management, typically generated using a long historical rainfall record. In most cases, such measurement is often sparse or poorly done. Hence it becomes a significant challenge to derive this curve. However, many studies have demonstrated the use of satellite rainfall measurement to cope with this data shortage. One of them is TRMM 3B42 Daily, which is employed in this study. This paper presents the application of TRMM to derive a better IDF curve in a data-scarce region for urban water management. It takes place in Bandung, where most of the upstream catchment area has limited rainfall records. The result shows that the TRMM-derived IDF curve demonstrates underestimated rainfall intensity compared to the ground measurement one. Consequently, the correction of daily data TRMM is necessary to improve the performance of TRMM-derived IDF. The correction of daily TRMM has statistically improved the performance of IDF. It is exhibited by the decreasing value of RMSE and RE. This analysis was culminated by producing an updated IDF curve using TRMM data from 1998-2019 for Bandung City. There is no significant trend that appears in rainfall intensity from 2016-2019.

Currently, the central government and provincial governments of Bali and West Nusa Tenggara are promoting tourism development in North Bali and North Lombok. In the development of tourism, besides consider the potential of existing tourism objects, the economy, and its supporting facilities, the potential threats of disasters must also be considered. Based on historical records, one of the potential disasters in northern Bali and Lombok is a tsunami. This study aims to determine the height and the arrival time of the tsunami along the northern coasts of Bali and Lombok. This study was carried out by simulation and numerical modeling, using the TUNAMI Model. Modeling was carried out for 2 hypothetical scenarios caused by an earthquake from the Flores Back-arc Thrust. Base on this model, it is known that the height of tsunami on Trawangan Island is ± 6 m with an arrival time of ± 3 minutes, while on the north coast of Bali the height of the tsunami is ± 0.6 m with an arrival time of ± 21 minutes. The arrival times of the tsunami on the north coast of Bali and Lombok are so fast.

A new international seaport is under construction at Patimban area of Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. This Port's navigation channel runs from the position of –6m LWS to –17m LWS of the existing depth with total length of 3,762 m. The original design considers that the existing sedimentation rate is low along the channel. The Cipunagara River which shows continuous delta expansion of about 1.00m to 1.25m toward navigation channel. In reference to the successful application of Underwater-sill (UWS) structure in controlling the siltation rate into the navigation channel of Kumamoto Port in Japan and Tuban Port in East Java Indonesia, the possible application this type of structure was carried out. The calculation has resulted that installation of UWS with height of 1.0 m, 1.5m, 2.0 m, and 4.0 m respectively decrease the sedimentation rate to be 0.09 m per year, 0.06 m per year, 0.022 m per year and 0.022 m per year. The present economic feasibility study concluded that 2m height UWS which is designed for minimum service life of 30 years with development interest rate at 10 percent per year and an annual inflation rate at 10% gives the most economic investment.

The drainage system is an infrastructure which controls the water to prevent the flood and to maintain the public health. There are two concepts of the drainage system, conventional drainage and eco drainage. Universitas Gadjah Mada still using the concept of conventional drainage. In this final project, the writer evaluates the drainage system at Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta using EPA SWMM 5.1 software. The methodology used by the author is the research methods used in this final project are interviews, observation, participation, and literature. The analysis using in this final project are hydrology analysis, land-use analysis, hydraulic analysis, and management and maintenance analysis. The evaluation of the drainage system will use the calculation of the area is based on the location of the rain station with the calculated average method. Hydrology analysis using frequency analysis and SCS-CN rainfall effective method. Land-use change analysis in the Universitas Gadjah Mada area. Hydraulic analysis using EPA SWMM 5.1, and the management and maintenance analysis of drainage system of Gadjah Mada University. Based on the result of the simulation scenario, installation of the low impact development using permeable pavement that provides a significantly reduced runoff. The runoff coefficient using permeable pavement is 0,23. The peak of runoff using permeable pavement is very slowest than another. Permeable pavement installation is considered very effective.

Scour or landslide has been a frequent problem at river bends. The common protection for this area is an installation of check dam stones at 90° and gabions at 45° at the outer cliffs of the channel. This study aims at determining the effect of variations in the placement of check dam stones and gabions on river bends through an experimental test of the hydraulic model. It used a river model flume with a curve length of 5 m, a width of 0.8 m, a height of 0.5 m, and a constant flow rate of 7.07 lt/sec. Variation of placement was done twice with the first variation of 3 check dam stones, 4 gabions, 3 check dam stones, and the second variation of 3 gabions, 4 check dam stones, 3 gabions. The test results showed that the scour in variation 1 for STA 01 was −0.8 cm, STA 11 was −0.4 cm, STA 19 was −2.3 cm, respectively. The analysis results indicate that it is effective to use check dam stones for STA 00 to STA 07, gabions for STA 08 to STA 17, but STA 18 to STA 24 is not effective using check dam stones.

The problem in obtaining rainfall data information is that the measurement results of rainfall from the measuring station are not recorded and areas are difficult to reach to measure rainfall directly. Lack of data availability and continuity of rainfall data is one of the obstacles in obtaining climatological information in South Sumatra. GPM satellites (Global Precipitation Measurement) need to be researched in order to overcome obstacles in obtaining rainfall measurement data in an area. This study aims to validate rainfall data from the GPM satellite and daily rainfall data from the measurement results of the Hellmen type automatic rain gauge located in the Hydraulics Laboratory of Sriwijaya University. Validation of rainfall data was carried out to determine the accuracy of the measurement results. Validation was carried out by the Root Mean Square Error Method and the Nash-Sutcliffe Method. The results of the validation showed a high correlation value for the average daily rainfall. The correlation coefficient value is 0,77, the RMSE value is 11,42 and the NSE value is 0,996. The results of the validation of these methods show a strong correlation between the measurement rainfall data in the field and the GPM satellite.

Flooding in the Celeng River usually occurs after high-intensity rains. The Celeng River cannot accommodate any water from the hills around Imogiri and Dlingo. Channel modeling was carried out using HEC-RAS 5.0.7 simulations to determine the river capacity and floodwater level as a control design for periodic maintenance planning. The results of HEC-RAS 5.0.7 modeling in the existing conditions show that there were floods at several points. The usual effort is to make retaining walls. The river morphology, which is changed by the construction of the retaining wall, will accelerate the water rate so that the volume of water in the downstream part is high and will only move the flood to another place. This destructive to the environment, so flood mitigation using bio-engineering methods is proposed to answer the problem.

In Muarajambi temple, there was founding of good water resources, such as surface water and ground water resources. The local people in Muarajambi have managed water resources both inside and outside of the Muarajambi complex. The problem is how to describe the management of water resources in the Muarajambi area. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of water resources management in the Muarajambi area by analyzing the distribution, form, function from the management of water resources in Muarajambi area. The results performed that the water resources in Muarajambi area were spread over a fluvial landscape with a height of 0-20 meters above sea. The water resources consist of surface water resources and ground water sources. There are natural and artificial surface water resources. Natural surface water resources consist of rivers, lakes and swamps and artificial water resources consist of canals, ponds and ditches. The resource of ground water is a well which was made by human contains a spring inside. The management of water resource is divided into 3 (three), namely at the micro, messo and macro scales. Micro management of water resources is making of water holes in the temple building, ponds and wells in the yard of temple. Messo scale management of water resources is the construction of a pond in the yard of the temple and the making of a trench around the temple. Macro scale management is the creation of canals (artificial rivers) between temples. The function from management of water resources in Muarajambi area is a drainage (channel for regulating water into and out of the temple building), as a water storage area during the rainy season, as a means of daily needs and ritual needs (ponds and wells) and means of transportation between temples (river and canals)

An accurate and multifunctional water velocity meter is developed to fullfill the need for the appropriate water velocity measurement in Indonesia. The water flow velocity itself can be calculated using the principle of total pressure in the water flow. The total pressure to be detected for speed is obtained by using the basic workings of the Pitot Tube which is equipped with a pressure sensor in the form of four resistors arranged in a Wheatstone Bridge pattern. The output from the sensor in the form of a small electric current is processed into a digital signal to obtain an accurate reading. In the previous experiment, it was obtained that calm water measurement data resulted in a voltage of 0.03V and 0.21V at a depth of 2 cm and 10 cm from the surface. Whereas in flowing water, the voltage is 0.04V at small currents and 0.09V at heavy currents using a current source from the hydraulic bench. Furthermore, this speed measuring instrument will be calibrated to determine the response of the tool in graphical form and will be used as a digital readout. The calibration process was carried out using a comparison tool, namely orifice and free jet flow with orifice diameter hole of 6 mm which previously obtained a velocity coefficient value of 0.879. In the next research, the total pressure measurement method is expected to obtain data about the turbulence of a flow and turbulence flow with particles (emulsion) and can detect the speed and type of velocity and turbulence in the flow within a wide range.

Low understanding of Safety Perfomance on Dam Construction Project due to ignoring risk factors in the implementation of the construction process. Work accidents that occur in construction projects can put workers at standstill and result in low Safety Perfomance. Thefore by improving Safety Perfomance in construction projects can increase the competitiveness of contractors in the Dam Construction Industry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the identification of relevant variables to measure Performance Safety in construction projects based on the level of risk of work accidents so that, it can achieve modern Performance Safety Management in the Dam Construction Project. This research aims to measure Safety Performance using a probabilistic approach that is able to accommodate uncertainty in the Bayesian Networks based on Dam Construction Project. By creating a Safety Performance prediction model on the Dam Construction Project. We will be able to know the safety and health performance of the work on the Dam Construction Project.

The people of Pahandut Seberang Village have long lived on the Kahayan Riverside area. The characteristics of the settlements in Pahandut Seberang Village are floating houses and pillar houses, most of which are located above the water. The river is used for water transportation, fishing, fulfilling daily needs such as bathing, washing, and as a source of drinking water. The Kahayan River problem is also a place for disposal of waste from human activities such as household waste. Human waste is dumped directly into water bodies because the toilets of the pillar houses on the riverside do not have septic tank facilities. To solve the priority problems of Partners, a solution to assist the manufacture and installation of Repeated Processing Septic tank (RPS) Technology for pillar houses in Pahandut Seberang Village is needed. The goal is to provide sanitation problem solving for settlement in Pahandut Seberang Village through training on the construction and installation of RPS. The methods used qualitatively include: (a) Finding concrete problems and priorities: the existence of a toilet on pillar house without a septic tank; (b) Offering ideas, making RPS to settlement who are located on pillar houses on the riverside; (c) Making activity plans and work procedures, and d ) Inviting Partner participation by providing training (creating and installing RPS). A special target has been achieved by giving a pilot RPS to settlement of Pahandut Seberang Village, by facilitating a house on stilts with the RPS. Outputs in the form of RPS goods and products and their specifications.

This study aims to assess the safety of the Bengawan Solo River embankment at Dengkeng-Pusur segment in the return periods of discharge in terms of the freeboard's adequacy. The embankment was designed to control flood discharge of 1.240 m³/sec with a freeboard of 1.1 meters. The hydraulic analysis using Hec-Ras software from point P.1 to P.14 with a Q2 return period of discharge of 811.9 m³/sec to a Q100 return period of discharge of 1442.5 m³/sec shows that the embankment is still able to pass the flood discharge. However, based on the freeboard's adequacy, at a Q10 return period of discharge of 1050.1 m³/sec, the freeboard on the left embankment at P.8 less than 1 meter, namely 0.98 meters. Thus, it can be concluded that the Bengawan Solo River embankment at the Dengkeng-Pusur segment is not safe starting in a Q10 return period of discharge because, at any time, the capacity of flow discharge can be exceeded by wave phenomena and backwater effects so that can be endanger the embankment. This analysis also shows that the embankment is not safe at the design flood of discharge.

This work presents numerical simulations for dam-break flow with open-access digital elevation models (DEMs). The objective is to find an optimum grid size for the simulations in terms of accuracy and computational cost. A hypothetical breaching case of Batutegi dam in Indonesia was selected as a case study. Three DEM types with different spatial resolutions, i.e. MERIT-Hydro (∼90 m), ALOS (∼30 m), and DEMNAS (∼8.1 m), were employed. For each DEM, the numerical simulations were performed using four grid sizes, from the lowest to the finest resolution, i.e. 200 m, 90 m, 50 m, and 20 m. All simulations were carried out on a desktop consisting of 10 cores/20 threads with an in-house code NUFSAW2D, enabling parallelization, where double precision arithmetic was used. It was observed that using the computational grid size finer than 50 m produces no longer significant differences of the maximum inundation boundary, maximum depth, maximum velocity, and average depth. This study would be useful for engineers and decision makers, when performing dam-break simulations using DEMs in a framework of an early-warning system.

The purpose of this study is to assess the development of the municipal solid waste management in the City of Banjar, West Java Province. Municipal solid waste management in the City of Banjar has been developed as a system that is expected to implement the 3R concept of reduce, reuse, recycle. However, implementation of the 3R concept through solid waste sorting and composting as well as the service coverage are still very low. Effectiveness of the municipal solid waste management in the City of Banjar could be improved by gradually increasing solid waste sorting, organic waste composting, and the level of service. Improving solid waste sorting from 5% to 70% will produced recycled goods from 16 to 687 ton/month in 2030. Increasing the level of organic waste composting from 5% to 90% will increase the compost production from 35 to 1,905 ton/month, respectively. As a result, the volume of solid waste hauled to final disposal site which increases from 1,129 to 1,440 ton/month in 2026, will gradually decrease to 1,008 ton/month in 2030. It can be concluded that improving effectiveness will result sustainable solid waste management in the City of Banjar.

Rainfall monitoring is an important activity for the development of a water-related disaster mitigation system. The rain gauge measurement is still regarded as the "ground truth". To obtain the rainfall that represents an area, a high density of rain gauges network is needed. Besides, the installation of a large numbers of rain gauges is considered inefficient. The utilization of advanced technology is deemed necessary to complement the rainfall monitoring system, one of which is by using radar. Altough the radar rainfall estimates have a better spatial resolution, but the reliability needs to be evaluated. This study was carried out to evaluate the reliability of rainfall data from an X-Band Multiparameter radar by classifying the intensity of heavy rain and moderate rain. Then radar rainfall data was corrected using the Adjustment Factor (AF) method. The results show that the radar rainfall has better accuracy in predicting the moderate rain rather than the heavy rain. Furthermore, the X-Band MP radar has better accuracy when predicting rain in an area that has the elevation below the radar than the higher elevation area. Correction of the radar rainfall data using the AF factor produces a rainfall estimates which is closer to the ARR rain.

A series of 2D physical model experiment was carried out to examine the potential advantage of Rakuna IV armor block over Tetrapod blocks in term of stability, number of blocks for the same cross-section and overtopping discharge under predetermined experiment conditions. For the sea side slope armor, Rakuna IV – 2ton armor blocks perform advantageous stability in comparison to Tetrapod-2ton blocks for the case of H_mo= 1.2×H_s. For the harbor side slope armor and toe armor, rocks of 300-1000kg/pc performs high stability with very less damage, with S << 2 and S=0.11 respectively (S=2 is initial damage condition). For the crest elevation +2.5mCD, overtopping discharge over either Rakuna IV or Tetrapod armored slopes are more or less at the same amount and both are still within allowed criteria limit. For the crest elevation +2.1mCD, overtopping discharge over Rakuna IV is still within allowed criteria limit. Reduction of breakwater crest from +2.5mCD to +2.1mCD (Rakuna IV) has relatively increased overtopping discharge four times higher, but it is still within allowed criteria limit. For the present experimental design, Rakuna IV armor layer is requiring less number of fabricated blocks for the same cross-section compared to Tetrapod block.

A Petroleum Refinery Plant is located in the tsunami prone area at the southern coast of Central Java, Indonesia. The potential mega thrust earthquake, along subduction zone of southern coast of Java, has been identified to have moment magnitude as maximum as Mw = 8.7. The worst scenario due to this earthquake will potentially generate 5.3m to 8.6m tsunami height along the coast within 30 minutes and will inundate one to two kilometres inland of the refinery complex. In this regard, a comprehensive investigation on potential tsunami hazard, level of vulnerability, and tsunami risk potential were carried out. The investigation includes collection and analysis data of detailed topography, bathymetry, land covering and land use, availability of protective structure as well as disaster contingency plan, field ground check data verification, awareness questionnaire, etc. The investigation output includes numerical tsunami inundation simulation, tsunami hazard index, vulnerability index, capacity index, and tsunami risk index for all area of refinery unit. It is concluded that: 1) the main location of refinery complex with considerable numbers of tanks is vulnerable to high tsunami hazard index, and 2) the capacity index in all area are mostly between low to mid-level.

Cikapundung River is the primary source of Bandung City's water supply and has been utilized for various purposes. However, the intensive urban growth has increased the number of people living at the riverbanks, increasing the water pollution. One of the examples is the Cibarani irrigation channel, which function was transformed into domestic sewage. The channel receives excess rainfall and household wastewater from the surrounding residential areas comprised of human waste and detergents. Despite the fact that the water is heavily polluted, the local community still resort to this water for fish farming and washing. Consequently, a study is urgently needed to reduce the impact of the disposed pollutants in the channel and control its water quality to meet the raw water standard. This study focuses on the identification of the water quality profile along the Cibarani irrigation channel. Various scenarios are modeled to estimate the volume and concentration of the domestic waste disposed to the channel. The result shows that the water quality of the Cibarani irrigation channel has not met the Class II Raw Water Standard. It is required to increase the discharge of the irrigation channel and control the effluent concentration to reduce the impact of the pollutants.

The development of irrigation sluice gate is to optimize the use of water in agriculture, the development is carried out on a laboratory scale in the hydraulics and environment laboratory, then the implementation was located at PIAT UGM in block A covering an area of 6.93 ha, Kali Tirto Village. The objective of this research is investigate the efficiency of smart sluices with manual sluices using the Bernoulli equation. Based on the analysis, the efficiency in manual sluice openings with 10 variations obtained an average of 49%, while the smart sluice openings with a 5 cm open scenario, variations in gate openings can be carried out continuously, the average result of the smart sluice efficiency analysis is 72%, so the smart sluice has a greater efficiency value than the manual sluice gate.

Indonesia is a country that has a very large water source, so it has the potential to develop hydro power plant as a superior resource. One of the rivers in the province of South Sumatra has the potential to be developed as a source of micro-hydro power plants, namely the Kelekar River in Ogan Ilir Regency. The existence of the Sriwijaya University Embung which is located on the Kelekar River can certainly support the use of Kelakar River water as a micro hydro power plant. The design of a prototype for a micro-hydro power plant aims to obtain a model of the tool as a reference in making a power plant tool in the field. Making prototypes of the tool refers to the results of previous research on the characteristics of the Kelekar River, namely the design discharge (Qd) of 0.45m3/sec, the effective fall height (Heff) at the embung is 3.475792 m, the water flow power is 15,344 kW, and the power (pt) produced by the turbine is 11,508 kW with the turbine efficiency (ŋ_t) of 0.75. The resulting discharge is 0.000145 m³/s with a transmission speed of 23.078 m/s, and the resulting energy is 4.944 Watt.

After being selected as a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2015 and promoted as an ecotourism area, Nglanggeran Village in the Gunungsewu area can attract as many as 300,000 visitors/year. Although tourism activities on one side bring economic benefits, on the other side they raise environmental problems. One of the problems is the increase of solid waste volume generated by the visitors. This study aimed to map the problems and investigate the stakeholders in current solid waste management in Nglanggeran. An ethnographic approach was applied in this research. Primary data was collected during the field works through participant observation, interviews with key actors, and Focus Group Discussions with stakeholders. The result reveals that the relevant stakeholders in solid waste management in this area are: the community-based tourism organization, women in the households/homestays, informal waste collectors (scavengers), and informal waste traders. The absence of formal waste management in the area and the missing link to the existing solid waste infrastructure become the main problems in this area. Integrating informal stakeholders (waste collectors and traders) as well as educating the visitors to reduce their waste become survival strategies in the short-term.

This research was carried out to take a strategic approach to Human Resources Management in Indonesia's construction companies. This was accomplished to complement previous research with the scope of 20 large contractor companies that have handled infrastructure projects and selected randomly throughout Indonesia. Collecting data using questionnaire techniques, followed by observations and interviews, to get more information. The data obtained is processed using descriptive data analysis and plotted on a mapping diagram of HR management. Data processing is carried out using the SPSS program to test the validity and reliability findings. The research results are information related to the mapping patterns of HR management in the construction and the main factor that is the key to success in the implementation of HR management. This study's results can be used as a reference for companies in making policies and determining the right strategies to improve the quality of their human resources to improve the company's performance in infrastructure. It is hoped that this research can support HR management systems within the scope of industry organizations more broadly to support government programs in realizing superior human resources for the build of Indonesia's progress.