Table of contents

The eventual exhaustion of non-renewable fossil energy and the damage to the environment during its mining, processing, and consumption process have caused countries around the world to pay attention to how to improve energy efficiency, how to better develop clean energy, and how to optimize the energy structure. Electric energy is an indispensable secondary energy source of both industrial development and home life. How to convert clean energy into electric energy and improve the efficiency of electric energy used provides new ideas about solving energy shortages and environmental pressures. Smart grid is the application of advanced communication and information technology to all business links involved in the power grid. It is of great significance of the realization of information, automation and interaction of the power grid. It has become the development trend of the modern power grid. It can be seen that the construction of smart grids is an important way for countries around the world to alleviate the pressure on energy and environmental protection. This paper summarizes the current research status of smart grids at home and abroad, and combines the characteristics of smart grids with the problems existing on the research on low-carbon benefits of smart grids at home and abroad, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system suitable for low-carbon benefits evaluation of smart grids and low-carbon benefits of smart grids. Evaluate the model, use the analytic hierarchy process to preprocess the data, confirm the weight of each indicator system, and get the evaluation score; divide the processed data into a training set and a test set, and use the random forest algorithm to train the model; The evaluation model is used to evaluate the low-carbon benefits of smart grids. The evaluation results show that the model has high evaluation accuracy and certain practicability. Finally, based on the evaluation results and the status quo of smart grids in my country, corresponding suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of low-carbon smart grids.

There are a series of problems such as short distance between urban rail transit stations, large energy consumption, and heat treatment difficulty when trains start and stop. By optimizing the interval time and improving the efficiency of the regenerative braking energy of subway trains, these problems can be solved. In this paper, the primary entry point of the analysis is the condition of "traction -- idling -- braking" in the inter-station block partition. The energy utilization rate of the regenerative brake is calculated by using the overlapping time of the front and rear vehicle traction brakes. The utilization rate of the regenerative braking energy is expressed by the area method. On this basis, a model of 12 operating conditions is established, and the total traction power of train operation minus regenerative braking energy is taken as the objective function, and the train travel time, stop time, departure interval time, and other constraints are taken as constraints, and an optimization model of regenerative braking energy utilization of subway train based on block partition is designed.

The geometric structure, energy gaps of molecular orbital and hydrogen absorb capacities of Ti₈C₆ clusters are investigated by first-principles based on density functional theory. The results show that the bond length of hydrogen molecules decrease and the Ti-H bond length of Ti₈C₆(H₂)_n clusters increase with the increase of hydrogen molecules adsorbed by Ti₈C₆ from 8 to 40. Moreover, the Ti₈C₆(H₂)₄₀ cluster not only exhibits strong stability according to energy gap analysis, but also absorbs 40 hydrogen molecules with gravimetric density of 15.05 wt%, which will be considered as a candidate material for hydrogen absorption.

In order to promote the effective implementation of the critical peak pricing (CPP) mechanism, it is necessary to study the dynamic adjustment method of critical peak periods. In this paper, a dynamic adjustment method of critical periods based on FCM algorithm is proposed. First, the peak day of the peak month is selected according to the peak load. Then based on FCM algorithm, the peak periods of peak day are redivided into critical peak periods and peak periods. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by a numerical example.

In recent years, the changing trend and causes of power grid engineering are diversified and complicated. In view of this problem, it is impossible to determine the influencing factors by quantitative analysis. Selection in order to solve this problem, we collect relevant power transmission project data, since 2015. First, we determine the control index system, 20 factors affected substation project, 19 influence factors affected route project, and then use AHP method to establish the new situation under the background of grid engineering control model. Through the MATLAB software, we determine the weight of each influence factor. Finally, the factors that have great influence on power grid engineering control are obtained according to the order of weight. Thus, it lays the foundation for the orderly development of better control grid engineering in the future.

The existing word segmentation tools are difficult to effectively segment the scheduling professional corpus, which leads to the problem of limited application of scheduling professional corpus. A method is proposed for constructing a professional corpus for power grid dispatch based on natural language processing and artificial intelligence technology. Faced with data of various structures and forms, the different methods are applied to establish the recognition model for scheduling professional corpus. The scheduling professional corpus is recognized in database and document table based on rule mask. The entity recognition and relation extraction technology are used to extract professional corpus in text. The scheduling instruction corpus is formed by determining the operation intention and slot of the dispatcher. Finally, the similarity between the scheduling professional corpus are calculated based on the text similarity algorithm, and the semantically identical corpus is formed into a mapping relationship. The application results show that the automatic speech recognition model based on the scheduling professional corpus has higher recognition accuracy and is suitable for practical applications.

As an important part of the smart grid, the operation control of the microgrid group is the key technology to maintain its safe and stable operation. The reasonable distribution of microgrid energy is closely related to the stability of system control. Multiple micro-grids in a certain area are uniformly regulated and controlled to form a micro-grid group operation mode. Aiming at the operation and management requirements of the multi-energy complementary microgrid group, the article proposes a design scheme for the energy management system of the microgrid group. The entire system has high operational reliability and economy, and has certain engineering value for improving the comprehensive benefits of the microgrid.

In view of the serious slurry foaming and overflow problems in the flue gas desulfurization system of a company in Shandong, the causes were analyzed and improvements were made on the basis of the original process. The results show that the inadequate combustion of the intermediate ash of the boiler and the high concentration of organic matter in the desulfurization process water are the main reasons for the slurry foaming; after improving the boiler operating conditions and adding defoamers, the boiler fly ash contains carbon The circulating pump current returns to normal levels, the desulfurization efficiency is increased from 97.2% to 99%, the power consumption of the circulating pump is reduced from 380 kWh to 316 kWh, and the moisture content of desulfurized gypsum is reduced from 16% to 9.5%.

In today's world rely on fossil fuels is the main energy, causing a series of ecological environment problems, people have to put attention to the renewable energy, including solar energy with its access to such advantages as low cost, relatively stable, clean particularly favoured by people, and perovskite high conversion efficiency of solar cells and solar cells that category. As a new type of energy storage element, supercapacitor has the advantages of high specific energy, good cycle stability and environmental friendliness compared with traditional capacitors, while polyvinyl alcohol is easy to process, easy to form film and low price. In this paper, a perovskite solar cell-supercapacitor integrated device preparation method is proposed, and its performance is studied and analysed.

Solid oxide fuel cells are globally recognized as a very promising technology in the area of highly efficient electricity generation with a low environmental impact. In this paper, a novel hybrid krill herd algorithm (nhKHA) is proposed for modeling the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In nhKHA, the operation inspired by the foraging behavior of fish-swarm is adopted to improve the global search ability, and the operation inspired by the virus search is used to improve the search efficiency and accuracy. The nhKHA is applied to optimize the parameters of the SOFC, the experiment results show that this nhKHA can achieve more higher precision between mathematical model and experimental data compared with some other optimization algorithms.

With the promotion of unattended substations across the country, intrusion detection technology for people in important areas of substations has become an important research area. This article focuses on the problem of personnel entering important areas of substations for the purpose of man-made destruction, and proposes an improved two-frame difference method A moving target detection method combined with the background subtraction method. This method is based on the two-frame difference method, taking into account the impact of changes in illumination, and avoids the image sequence by combining the difference map of the background subtraction method and the two-frame difference method. The "double shadow" phenomenon caused by the difference method can also avoid the situation that the background subtraction method misjudges the sudden change of light as a moving target, improves the recognition accuracy, and can meet the real-time requirements of the substation intelligent monitoring system.

Muon imaging technology has been applied in many fields. The exploratory application of muon imaging technology after the Fukushima nuclear accident provides enlightenment for the application of nuclear core safety monitoring under serious accidents. In this paper, the muon imaging technology is introduced from the aspects of technical principle, muon detection technology, imaging algorithm and application, so as to provide ideas and methods for the application of muon imaging technology in nuclear core safety monitoring.

Integrated energy system is one of the effective means to improve the operating economy of China's energy system, reduce pollution emissions and improve energy utilization efficiency. The upper model solves the planning problem of the integrated energy system, and inputs the planning scheme into the lower model. The lower model realizes the operation optimization of the integrated energy system within the life cycle based on the given planning scheme. Through the iterative updating of the upper and lower models, the optimization of the plan-operation scheme is realized.

Under the background of "carbon neutrality" and "carbon peak" targets, how to break the inter-provincial barriers and promote a wider range of clean energy consumption has become an urgent problem. This paper improves the traditional inter-provincial clearing model by introducing the correction coefficient of inter-provincial differences and the correction coefficient of carbon emission reduction. The results show that the improved clearing model can promote the wider consumption of clean energy in provinces. And it has better energy saving and emission reduction effect.

In the context of vigorously advocating the transformation of electric energy production to green and low emission, it is very important to rationally allocate the wind-solar storage capacity of micro-grid. Based on this, this paper aims at the micro grid with wind-solar storage. Firstly, the output model of wind-solar storage unit is established, combined with the system scheduling strategy. Then, the optimization objective was to minimize the total cost of investment and operation, and the benefits of carbon emission reduction were taken into account. Genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimal capacity allocation. Finally, according to the calculation results of the example, the proposed wind-solar storage capacity configuration considering the benefits of carbon emission reduction can effectively reduce the cost and carbon emissions of the microgrid.

The new power grid puts forward higher and higher requirements for the insulation performance of power equipment. ZnO/LDPE composite has potential application value in high voltage transmission in China. With the wide application of ZnO/LDPE Composites, the study of the conductivity characteristics of the composites is helpful to further understand the conductive principle and application scope, and provide theoretical basis for reasonable use and modification.In this paper, the inorganic/polymer composites with nano ZnO as inorganic filler and low density polyethylene (LDPE) as matrix were prepared by double roll mill, and the effect of test temperature on the conductivity of the nonlinear composites was studied.

The composites prepared by adding zinc oxide into polymer have been widely studied and applied because of their special properties of self homogenizing electric field distribution in non-uniform electric field, inhibiting space charge and electrical tree growth. In this paper, the effects of inorganic filler concentration and particle size on the conductivity of ZnO/LDPE Composites were studied by voltammetry combined with high voltage DC power supply and picoammeter to measure applied voltage and through current.

As a key energy equipment of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, the centrifugal compressor with shroud cavity is employed to avoid the leakage flow from the rotor, especially in the high-pressure stages. In order to clarify the leakage characteristics and its influences, the high-pressure centrifugal compressor with shroud cavity is taken as the research object in the present work. First, the leakage flow across the shroud cavity has been studied numerically, it's found that there are negative effects on the high-pressure compressor's aerodynamic performance by the shroud cavity. And then, the flow characteristics inside the shroud cavity are showed by finding several secondary flow regions and cavity vortices. In addition, through the entropy contours and streamlines, the influence on the main flow by the leakage are analysed in detail. By analysing the influence of the shroud cavity on the high-pressure compressor, this paper can provide a practical guidance for the design of the impeller in the CAES system.

Advances in science and technology promote the use of more equipment in marine engineering. This equipment will undoubtedly increase energy consumption significantly. If only solar energy is used for charging, it may be able to charge in time to meet the demand when the sun is sufficient. In case of rainy weather, it will cause the navigation mark battery not to be charged in time, causing the equipment on the navigation mark to fail to work normally. For this reason, offshore wind power, as a renewable energy source, can make up for the lack of solar power for marine projects. In view of this research background, the paper studied the coherence effect between the blade and the tower wind field based on the wind turbine structure characteristics and the random wind power spectrum characteristics, and proposed the harmonic superposition method (HSMBTI) considering the interaction between the blades and the tower. This method is used to numerically simulate the random wind speed time history of the random wind field of the wind turbine structure, and check the calculated power spectrum and the target spectrum, which verifies the applicability of the HSM-BTI method to the random wind speed time history simulation of the wind turbine structure.

The energy efficiency of integrated wave and current turbine is closely related to the velocity and direction of wave force and tidal current force.To study the blade motion of the wave-tidal current integrated variable-pitch turbine, raise the capacity efficiency of the turbine, take Fishing grounds of Changjiang estuary Port as an example,based on the tidal current and wave features data in recent two years,time series prediction model was established to predict the changes of wave and tidal current in the next 24 hours respectively, and the prediction accuracy is up to 93%. The wave theory applicable to Fishing grounds of Changjiang estuary Port was confirmed as the second-order strokes wave theory, the wave-tidal current coupling equivalent velocity vector was deduced, which is related to the tidal current velocity, flow direction, average wave direction, average wave period and significant wave height. The predicted wave-current coupling velocity vector is obtained after the predicted 24 hours wave-current data was substituted into it, which can provide a method and basis for the design of marine energy turbine's variable angle law in the future, and can be applied to the development of new energy and the prediction of Marine environment.

UHV power transmission technology is already under development and its economics. It is necessary for my country to develop UHV. One of the three key technical issues of UHV power transmission technology is UHV insulation and requirements. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of UHV DC equipment, UHV DC test equipment must go ahead, and the stable operation of the 1200kV UHV bipolar DC generator itself as the main power supply of the test line is very important. This article first carried out the modeling and design of the bipolar high voltage DC generator, and then used the electromagnetic transient analysis program ATP-EMTP to simulate the charging process of the generator and analyze the transient state. The transient characteristics of the generator were analyzed. Influencing factors.

Lightning strikes are one of the important causes of line faults. With the increase of voltage levels, the proportion of short-circuit trip accidents caused by shielding strikes is increasing. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the line's shielding lightning resistance is important for power systems. Its safe and stable operation is of great significance. In this paper, based on the derivation of the pilot development model (LPM) for evaluating the shielding characteristics of the line, taking the 500kV single-circuit line network of the East China Power Grid as the research object, the lightning shielding trip rate and related influencing factors are analyzed and calculated, and the methods for enhancing the lightning protection performance are given. Measures.

This paper takes automobile disc brakes as the research object, and designs a novel magnetostrictive disc actuator based on the characteristics of large output force, high displacement resolution and fast response speed of giant magnetostrictive material. Based on the vehicle parameters of a new energy vehicle as the design basis, calculate the specific structure and size of the magnetostrictive actuator, and use CATIA software to complete the system parametric modeling, import the built model into COMSOL Multipysics. The simulation results show that the output displacement and output force of the actuator can meet the requirements of braking, and the maximum temperature of the surface of the friction pair is far from the temperature limit of the brake, the rationality of the design and the correctness of the simulation model are verified.

Vehicle mechanical fault diagnosis is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of vehicle mechanical equipment. The method of vehicle mechanical fault feature extraction based on independent component analysis is studied. Firstly, multi-domain features such as time-domain features, frequency domain features, and EEMD energy features of vibration signals are extracted, and a multi-objective optimization function containing the correlation, monotonicity, and robustness of each feature vector is introduced as the degradation feature evaluation function. Through the independent component analysis of the vehicle mechanical fault signals of different working conditions, the independent components of the signals of various working conditions are obtained, and these independent components contain some inherent characteristics of the vibration signals of the working conditions. Through the vehicle, internal organization fault, and performance testing test, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are proved, with high prediction accuracy and robustness, which has important guiding significance for engineering practice.

Among various anode materials, such as hard carbon, which as the most promising material, has shown great advantages in terms of reserves, initial coulombic efficiency and cycle stability. By studying the mechanism of storing sodium ions in hard carbon, it is found that the specific surface area and porosity of hard carbon are the key factors that affect hard carbon as a battery anode material. Hard carbon is obtained by setting different precursors and different pyrolysis temperatures. These carbons have different surface areas and porosities. The electrochemical performance was tested separately, and the results show that hard carbon materials with low specific surface area and low porosity usually showed higher initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), superior rate performance, larger reversible capacity and stronger cycle stability. This is because the hard carbon with low specific surface area reduces the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte, thereby reducing the loss of sodium ions. In addition, the micropores on the surface shorten the diffusion distance of sodium ions. Also, the resulting low-defect structure has a high degree of graphitization and a good degree of order, which enhances electrical conductivity, increases reversible capacity, and makes the structure more stable. This article introduces several types of methods for constructing hard carbon anode with low specific surface area and low porosity, and by influencing the internal structure of the electrode, thereby enhancing ICE and other properties. This provides a new idea for constructing anodes with superior performance.

Due to the difficulty and high cost of offshore power supply, there are still many remote islands which have not been fully developed and utilized. In order to solve this kind of problem, a new type of marine current turbine (MCT) power generation device was designed for Tuoji Island, Changdao County, Shandong Province, which is convenient for installation and maintenance. This paper presents both the prototype design and model test verification work. Limited by the size of circulating water channel, the test model was modeled and manufactured under the scale of 3:100, which means the turbine model is not able to meet the small scale geometry similarity and gravity equivalent at the same time. A light circular plate was designed to replace the resistance of the turbine as equal by means of CFD. Then it combines the main body and the equivalent disc to complete the mooring test, observing the attitude response of the device under different angles of current. On the basis, the hydrodynamic performance of the whole device model was observed under different inflow speeds and angles. The results of the model tests indicated that the prototype is relatively stable under the design condition.

This paper mainly deals with the efficient utilization of the land occupied by the permanent foundation of temporary buildings. The main transformer maintenance workshop is set up in the 1000kV UHV substation for the main transformer fault phase maintenance. The main transformer maintenance workshop is of prefabricated steel structure. During the substation operation, only the permanent foundation is retained. Once the main transformer needs maintenance, the maintenance party shall bring steel structure components to the site for workshop construction. After the overhaul, the overhaul party will remove the steel structure and take it away for the site or other stations to continue to use, while the permanent foundation will continue to be retained.

China has abundant solar energy resources and a huge market prospect. Tower-type solar power generation technology has high solar energy conversion rate and great room for improvement in power generation efficiency, so it is widely used in power stations. This paper analyzed the characteristics and status quo of various tower-type photothermal generation technologies, found that the tower-type molten salt power generation technology is an excellent power generation technology, and analyzed the characteristics and potential risks of this technology. The research results can provide references for research on tower-type solar power generation technology.

In order to build a cogeneration microgrid system suitable for the special environment and climate conditions of Tibet Plateau, This paper is mainly through the corresponding generation, transmission and distribution network, to achieve the transmission of electric energy, at the same time reasonable selection of heating equipment and heat dissipation device, under the premise of ensuring the reliability and safety of heating, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, and then achieve the absorption and flexible operation of clean energy (photovoltaic), so as to improve the comfort of the demonstration site.

Tibet's special geographical location makes it rich in clean energy resources, including renewable energy such as hydropower, solar energy, geothermal energy and wind energy. The advantaged clean energy resources not only provide advantaged resource advantages for the development and utilization of clean energy in Tibet, but also lay the foundation for accelerating the strategy of energy structure adjustment. By the end of 2020, the total installed power capacity of Tibet has reached 4.0185 million kilowatts, of which the clean energy sector is growing rapidly. The installed capacity of hydropower, wind power, geothermal power and solar photovoltaic power generation in the same period has reached 3.58 million kilowatts. Clean energy accounts for 89.09% of the total installed power generation capacity, while the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation is about 1.5 million kilowatts, accounting for 37.33% of the total installed capacity, Second only to hydropower. However, there is still a lot of room to improve the utilization of solar photovoltaic.

This paper investigates a triple-active-bridge converter for an all-electric VTOL(Vertical Take Off&Landing) aircraft, based on the Dual-active-bridge converter, presenting four working scenarios which matching the operating of e-VTOL. The converter adopts a phase-shifting control strategy and decouples the control network. Different targeted settings of the converter system are made for the various operating states of the e-VTOL, and the operating states of the TAB converter in different modes are simulated in MATLAB. The experimental results show that the TAB converter has more diverse operating modes, which can match future e-VTOL use in urban applications.

The power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation system is closely related to factors such as the material of the photovoltaic module, the tilt angle of the module installation, and the power of the module. At present, the output power of large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems has large fluctuations and strong randomness. In order to accurately predict the output power of photovoltaic power stations to solve the problems of peaking and dispatching caused by large-scale photovoltaic grid-connected power generation to the grid. The article introduces the design of single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system and its control system based on big data technology. The research found that the photovoltaic manufacturing and grid-connected algorithms proposed in this paper can achieve the best power generation benefits of photovoltaic power plants, while improving the operation and maintenance efficiency of photovoltaic power plants.

The DC power grid has characteristics that the AC power grid does not have, and is becoming increasingly important in an environment where renewable energy sources are being connected to the power system in large numbers. It is of great importance to enhance the virtual inertia of the DC grid side for the whole distribution network. Using the subsequent addition of the improved layering strategy, the system inertia time is used to visually evaluate the DC system for inertia size analysis, and the conclusion that the capacitance value outside the system is too small to cope with the external disturbance changes is found. The virtual inertia analysis of the system is also performed to grasp the relationship between the increasing level of virtual inertia and the size of the applied capacitance. After test in mathematical simulation software, it was verified that the addition of virtual relational control can change the instantaneous absorbed power emitted by the system, thus ensuring that the bus voltage changes within a reasonable range.

Nowadays, power distribution table and line branch in power system often need to install drop-out fuse for distribution and closing of line branch. Drop-out fuses in prior technology generally support iron at the upper and lower ends of insulating porcelain post. The fuse tube is secured to the fuse using the upper contact spring, the suspension hook and the lower pressing plate and shackle. The lower end locking mechanism will loosen when the fuse breaks out. The upper end of the fuse tube is separated from the upper suspension hook, affected by gravity. The entire fuse tube centers the lower-end rings. To design a scheme to solve the difficulties in large operating angle and laborious operations.

There are many power grid upgrading and transformation projects in the system. The installation of cement poles is generally involved in the construction of power distribution lines, which involves the field production and cooperation of steel strands and composite fittings. The traditional method of making stay wire is to bend the steel strand (stay wire) by hand and to change its shape by hammering to adapt to the groove position of stay wire fittings. In order to improve the speed of drawing wire and improve the process standard, the author developed a steel stranded molding device, which is specially used to mold the steel strands.

The disassembly and installation of distribution transformer is widely involved in the field of distribution network construction and maintenance in power system. In the traditional installation method, cranes and ropes are used to hoist the distribution transformer. Many safety accidents have caused by crane operation. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a special equipment that can successfully install and dismantle the transformers without changing the transverse wire, and fit the narrow space of the two concrete poles on the platform.

In the structure of water pump turbine unit, the top cover and the seat ring structure are the key structural components, and the high-strength bolts distributed in the circumferential direction are usually used to connect. With the increase of the unit capacity and size, the number of connecting bolts is increasing gradually, so as to ensure the effective connection of key structural components. Taking a mixed flow pump turbine of a pumped storage power station as an example, the finite element calculation of the joint screw pair structure of the head cover and the seat ring is carried out under different working conditions. The stress distribution law of the screw pair is studied in this paper, which provides important theoretical basis and design reference for the practical engineering application of the head cover ring connection of the pump turbine.

With the increase of the proportion of renewable energy, the traditional period division method based on load curve is no longer suitable for the new power system. Considering the development trend of renewable energy, a method for dividing peak and valley periods based on the ratio of supply and demand was proposed. According to the ratio of power supply and load demand, the peak and valley periods were divided by K-means algorithm. By comparing the period division method based on load curve with the period division method based on supply/demand ratio curve, the validity of the peak/valley period division method based on supply/demand ratio proposed in this paper is verified.

Li-S batteries have been recognized as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, however, their practically commercialized applications are severely hindered by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPS_S), retarded conversion kinetics and the growth of lithium dendrites. Herein, a vertically growing layered NiFe-LDH derived Ni₄N-Fe₂N heterostructure cross-like nanoarrays on a carbon cloth (CC) (denoted as CC@Ni₄N-Fe₂N@C) was constructed by a pot of hydrothermal method followed by the subsequent carbon coating and nitridation processes to synchronously tackle the above challenges related to Li-S batteries. This heterostructure presents good sulfiphilic and lithiophilic properties and can be directly used as the host materials both for S and Li. As-expected, this heterostructure exhibits the significantly improved discharge specific capacity, rate performance and cycle stability compared with the single-metal nitrides (CC@Ni₄N@C and CC@Fe₂N@C). The study of the symmetric cells certifies that this heterostructure can expose the abundant lithiophilic active sites to achieve the homogeneous Li deposition and effectively suppress the growth of Li dendrites.

In order to quickly predict the conducted emission (CE) of electric vehicle (EV) DC/DC converter, a co-simulation analysis method based on HFSS-simplorer is introduced. The detailed 3D models of magnetic devices, PCB board and metal structure, and the active device nonlinear models are added to the co-simulation circuit. The method is used to simulate and analysis the EMC performance of the conducted emission of the actual electric vehicle DC/DC converter, the simulation results are in good agreement with the test results in magnitude, trend and peak values, which shows that the method is feasible and practical.

The layout of battery pack for plug-in hybrid car is usual a difficult problem. The layout analysis involves the balance of battery pack capacity, ride space, passability and other performance. Through dimensional chain analysis, this paper refines each problem, balances each performance, and obtains a reasonable scheme. This paper also studies the layout of the battery for the expansion of electricity. At last, the layout method of battery pack for plug-in hybrid vehicle is summarized.

Aiming at the energy storage scheduling problem of microgrid system with wind power generation, this paper proposes an energy management strategy of microgrid based on deep reinforcement learning. In order to analyze the influence of different scenario combination models on the microgrid energy storage dispatching strategy, taking the residential user microgrid system as an example, a microgrid dispatching problem environment model was constructed. In the case of changes in multiple factors such as power generation and load, the coordinated control of compound energy is a complex optimization decision-making problem. Different schemes may affect the stability of the system's power supply, utilization efficiency and economic benefits. To this end, this article uses three deep reinforcement learning algorithms and compares them with experiments. The results show that there are obvious differences in the ability of deep reinforcement learning algorithms to converge to the optimal strategy, but it also proves the feasibility and effectiveness of deep reinforcement learning in the coordinated control of composite energy storage problems, which has strong academic significance and engineering value, and can be used to deal with similar problems.

The idea of composite power supply solves the problem that the specific power and specific capacity of a single battery restrict each other. The specific power of composite power supply is higher than that of a single battery, and the specific energy is higher than that of a single super capacitor, so that the power components are no longer restricted by a single factor. According to the performance requirements of the vehicle, the basic parameters of each component of the vehicle power supply are determined, and then the components are matched reasonably according to their performance advantages to get the appropriate power supply required by PHEV. The parameters of the composite power supply are optimized by using the iterative algorithm of dynamic programming to achieve the best matching of power and energy, and the matching results are verified by simulation.

This paper mainly studies the product selection preferences of consumers of new energy vehicles and the personal attribute factors that affect their selection preferences. By using the multidimensional preference analysis model, consumers can evaluate the preferences of the selected mainstream new energy vehicles and evaluate the product positioning attributes of the vehicles. The results show that consumers have significant preference differences in the product positioning of new energy vehicles. Reliable quality products and economical and practical products are preferred by consumers, while fashion technology products and luxury comfort products have great market potential in the future. In addition, personal attributes including age, income and career stage have an important impact on consumer choice preference.

Reactor holes can become stuck due to high temperature, high pressure, prolonged bonding, and load changes due to pressure changes in the reactor. To seal pressure in the reactor vessel, the threaded surfaces of the bolt holes shall be cleaned to remove any foreign matter that may be present in the bolt holes. The worker may manually enter the stud hole for the stud hole cleaning, but the worker's radiation exposure is increased. Robots are an effective way to work in dangerous areas. Therefore, we introduced robots to clean the stud holes. The positioning of mobile robot is generally based on the mileage, but with the increase of the mileage, the position error will accumulate continuously. In order to eliminate the accumulated error and ensure the stability of the drive, a laser sensor and a new control algorithm are adopted. The distance between the robot and the wall is measured by the laser sensor, and the control algorithm is implemented. The value measured by the sensor moves along the desired trajectory. The actuation performance and hole sensing performance of the robot are verified by field application.

In electronic detection and signal processing, the convenient and practical EEMD algorithm is generally selected. In this paper, the problems of the algorithm in some specific areas are improved. By adding white noise, the white noise is replaced by the white noise with opposite positive and negative amplitude, and the Schmidt orthogonalization theory is used to process each signal to eliminate the influence of modal function and improve the signal quality Anti mode aliasing ability, improve the level of multiple harmonic decomposition.

on the basis of summarizing the power loss of transformer, based on the optimal load rate of transformer or the principle of minimum comprehensive energy efficiency cost[1], the transformer capacity can be reasonably selected, so as to effectively reduce the increase of operation cost caused by too large or too small transformer capacity selection, and improve the energy saving and economy; After the transformer is selected, the economic operation scheme of the transformer can be used to arrange the operation[2], including making the transformer work in the economic operation section, economic switching among various operation modes of the transformer, economic distribution among transformer loads, etc.

Thermosetting composites will produce spring-back deformation after curing, and the mold is the key factor affecting the curing of components. In this paper, the solidification and spring-back deformation process of free-form surface composite parts are simulated by finite element simulation. By comparing the deformation of components under invar steel mold, 304 stainless steel mold and composite mold, the influence of thermal expansion coefficient, mold structure and molding process on the curing deformation of composite materials was analyzed, and the optimal molding scheme of free-form surface composite parts was obtained.

This paper begins with a brief introduction to the "HECT" technology, analyzes the main problems existing in the field of electrical engineering with the "HECT" methods, or from the perspective of "HECT" technology, or by means of "HECT" and some key measures and methods to solve the problems are pointed out. At the same time, many new ideas on power generation and energy storage are put forward. The paper opens up a new channel for the development of electrical engineering technology and its management, which is very creative and eye-opening.

The hot spot temperature of transformers operating in the station area is calculated in real-time using the transformer heat path model as it is impossible to measure the internal winding hot spot temperature directly and modifying the transformer will increase the cost. The smart distribution transformer terminal is an important device for collecting and processing data on the side of the distribution transformer, with a container built from Linux inside to run an application (App) with specific functions developed in the Linux environment. Based on that, the heat circuit model of the transformer is developed into an App installed into the container of the smart distribution transformer terminal to realize the function of the real-time computing and warning of transformer hot spot temperature. It is expected to provide some reference for the transformer operating normally and stably.

Power distribution area is an important part of low-voltage distribution network. Because of its wide distribution and complex environment, it often causes large area blackout or even worse. As the core equipment in the automation construction of low-voltage distribution network, the monitoring and management level of distribution network will be directly affected by the performance of intelligent transformer terminal. The traditional intelligent transformer terminal and concentrator belong to the two departments of operation and distribution, and there are some problems, such as non-sharing of data, duplication of functions, increasing the workload of operation and maintenance. In view of the above defects, this paper puts forward the concept of intelligent integration terminals, which has the functions of intelligent transformer terminal and concentrator. Based on this terminal, a set of power distribution area condition monitoring system is designed, which can realize the function of low-voltage distribution station area condition information monitoring, low-voltage line topology identification and branch line loss analysis. While the construction cost of power distribution area is reduced, the intelligent management level of the low-voltage distribution network can also be comprehensively improved.

Based on the comparison and analysis of bus topology, star topology, tree topology, ring topology and network topology, the tree topology of low voltage station area is established according to the correlation between output line and input line of each distribution box. Experiments show the realizability of this method.

In order to boost current power line extraction accuracy of transmission lines in complex terrains and cope with uneven point cloud densities, an advanced method for extracting power lines from elevation point cloud features is proposed. First, the elevation filter algorithm is improved by space segmentation and point cloud density analysis to reflect thick extractions of power lines; then, a feature extraction algorithm in which the threshold of Hough line detection decreases along with the increase of elevations is proposed to accurately extract power lines. The improved power line based on elevation feature extraction can effectively solve the problem of incomplete detection of power lines, which attached to the electric tower caused by the undulation of terrains. This research provides a reference for power line extraction and power line early warning of large-scale transmission lines in complex scenarios.

The cold crimping process of the lead wire of the vertical transformer of the clamp cable is a commonly used manufacturing method in the current transformer manufacturing process. Its advantages are: clean, simple, reliable, and convenient, which satisfies the manufacturing needs of high-voltage electrical products. However, due to the diversity of the lead cross-sectional area, in actual operation, it is often necessary to fill between the lead and the terminal, and there are many optional specifications for the filling line, which may easily lead to inconsistent filling methods and unclear filling standards. Aiming at a kind of vertical transformer primary winding structure and primary cable lead assembly automation research. The improved cold crimping of the lead includes two parts: the tightening and rounding of the lead and the filling of the lead copper tube as the preparatory process before the cold crimping. The post-assembly paper uses machine learning algorithms to simulate and model the wiring reliability of the connected vertical transformer, and evaluate its assembly automation level. The research results found that the wiring method proposed in the paper can improve the reliability of the wiring and the assembly efficiency is higher.

As the larger error between the dispatch plan of the previous day and the actual operation of the community multi-type energy coupling system, the actual operation cannot be fully meet. A two-stage optimization dispatch method of the community multi-type energy coupling system based on the particle swarm algorithm is proposed in this study. Firstly, the optimal dispatch model of community multi-type energy coupling system on previous day is established. Minimizing the daily operation cost is the objective function. The optimal dispatch curve of community multi-type energy coupling system on previous day is obtained. Secondly, based on the optimal dispatch curve of community multi-type energy coupling system on previous day, an intraday correction model is constructed. The example results show that the proposed model can eliminate the dispatch error of the previous day and realize the optimal operation of community multi-type energy coupling system.

Chip cooling technologies have been attracting researchers' interests as the wiring density in integrated circuits increases dramatically in recent chip design. A Peltier effect based thermoelectric cooling system is designed for microprocessor cooling. A 3D Finite Element Analysis model is developed to validate, analyse, and optimize the performance of the thermoelectric cooling system. The effects of microcooler size and activation current have been studied by thermo-electric coupled field analysis. It has been found that the Peltier effect based thermoelectric cooling system can successfully reduce the temperature of microprocessors and the optimum activation current for the cooling system has been determined.

The rapid growth of electric energy demand and the power construction of the lag have led to the problem of electricity shortage. At the same time, the idea of energy conservation and emission reduction and low-carbon environmental protection is gradually deepening in people's hearts, making it inhibited by improving the development model of the installed capacity of the fire generator set. As an important measure to respond to the demand side response, the interrupt load is an effective means of solving this problem. In this context, this paper proposes an interrupting load management method that considers the advance notification time and uses a priority order method. Solving, making the application of interrupt load more secure and reliable and economic goals.

Renewable energy sources are increasingly being implemented in power systems to curb global warming and improve generation adequacy. These renewable sources include Hydro, wind, tidal, and solar power systems. Since Pakistan experiences decent solar irradiation throughout the year, the most viable renewable energy option is photovoltaic generation. Before solar systems are implemented, the proposed design is first simulated using design software such as MATLAB-Simulink to correct and adjust parameters to attain the DC voltage and current through the irradiation and environment temperature. Reliability studies and analysis are performed on the simulated systems to ascertain the success and long life before the system components' failure. In this thesis, the grid-connected PV system's reliability model established based on the reliability block diagram method using the MIL-HDBK-217F handbook. The handbook provides the methodology of calculating failure rates of specific physical electronics operations. The mean time to failure (MTTF) and Mean time to repair (MTTR) of the system is calculated from the overall system reliability. Photovoltaic power output varies greatly, and it is dependent on solar irradiation and temperature, resulting in intermittent and variable energy production. All of these considerations have a significant effect on the entire system adequacy of the power generation system. This study uses a probabilistic analytical methodology to develop comprehensive reliability models of grid-connected Photovoltaic generation systems.

With the integration of large-scale photovoltaic systems, many uncertainties have been brought to the grid. In order to reduce the impact of the photovoltaic system on the grid, a multi-objective optimal configuration strategy for the energy storage system to discharge electricity into the grid is proposed. On the basis of the time-of-use electricity price, the total load variance and the user's profits are taken as two objective functions. Constraints such as the maximum discharge power limit of the energy storage system are taken into account and a multi-objective optimal scheduling model for the centralized discharge of the energy storage system is established. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization model. The calculation results of MATLAB verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy and the influence of different energy storage system capacities on the optimization results are also analyzed.

Taking the minimization of coal consumption in hydro-thermal power system as the objective function, this paper focuses on the static water abandonment strategy and improved dynamic water abandonment strategy, given the constraint conditions of hydropower station generation flow, reservoir water quantity, load balance constraint and power constraint. in this paper, the penalty cost of abandoned water is introduced into the existing model, and a short-term electric power balance model considering the cost of abandoned water is established. In view of the deficiency that it is difficult to effectively obtain feasible solutions that meet large-scale and complex constraints in the process of solving the model, the premature convergence and local optimization of the algorithm are avoided. An optimization algorithm is proposed to provide reference for solving the problem that the calculation efficiency of optimal dispatching of large-scale hydropower stations is the problem faced by hydropower and power system operation.

With the large-scale integration of wind power into the grid, grid-side instability caused by fluctuations in wind speed is becoming more and more significant, and the topic of wind speed prediction for wind farms is urgent. Based on this, in order to solve the problem of low prediction accuracy of a single support vector machine, this paper proposes a wind speed prediction method that uses particle swarm optimization to optimize the support vector machine. Use particle swarm algorithm to optimize the selection of penalty factors and kernel function parameters of support vector machines, then conduct model training on the optimized parameters, and then apply the established prediction model to wind speed prediction of wind farms, and finally analyze the prediction results. The prediction results show that the support vector machine algorithm optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm has better accuracy in predicting the wind speed of wind farms, which is significantly higher than the prediction accuracy of a single support vector machine.

Hole transport layer is of vital important for improving the photo-to-electron efficiency of perovskite solar cells. In this study, we investigate the performance of meso-structure perovskite solar cell applying bilayer materials for improving hole extraction ability. By simulating the performance of perovskite solar cell using wxAMPS software, CuO_x is chosen to be ideal candidate of inorganic hole transport material which can moderate device property. The optimized value band offset in schematic diagram shows that photo-generated holes could be extracted from perovskite layer to spiro-OMeTAD efficiently by applying CuO_x layer at the interface of perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, the experiment results show that Jsc of device increase to 19.5 mA/cm², FF increase to 65.9% and total PCE reaches 12.3% by adopting CuO_x/spiro-OMeTAD bilayer as hole transfer layer. Simultaneously, hysteresis decreases from 2% to 0.7% and integrated Jsc increase from 14.8 mA/cm² to 16.03 mA/cm². The PL results also confirm the mechanism of carrier extraction, which is consist with experimental results. It suggests that applying CuO_x/spiro-OMeTAD bilayer is an efficient way to improve performance of perovskite solar cell.

The consistency problem of the cells will lead to a decrease in the energy and capacity utilization rate of battery, and even cause safety problems. The incremental capacity curve method can be used to study the uniformity of cells and it can acquire the internal parameter status directly, but its accuracy is limited by the curve drawing. This paper proposes a consistency analysis method to obtain the missing points through curve fitting and obtain a high-precision square capacity increment curve. This method uses partial least squares to solve the multicollinearity between feature parameters and introduces the variable projection importance index to judge the importance. Experiments show that after analysis, the rechargeable capacity of the battery can be increased by more than 9% compared with the traditional method, and it has good robustness and accuracy.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely used in various fields and have long been considered to have no memory effect. It is not until recent years that the memory effect of lithium iron phosphate batteries has been discovered and studied. In engineering applications, electric vehicles are usually charged with stage constant current. Here, we first briefly explain the process of memory effect generation. Make the battery have a memory effect under different charging methods. Compare and analyze the characteristics of memory effect under each charging method for optimization ideas of development ChaoJi and other high-power and high-current charging technologies.

The transient characteristics of the current transformer and its evaluation method are the key factors affecting the protection device, system security, and stability. Therefore, to verify and evaluate the rise time, maximum overshoot, transient delay, and periodic stability of the DC transformer, a DC transformer calibration system is proposed. Based on the calibration system, the index basis of transformer evaluation is obtained, and the evaluation method of DC transformer characteristics based on grey theory is proposed. Finally, through the transient performance test, the transient characteristic parameters of the tested DC transformer are obtained, and its evaluation model is established. Through case analysis, the quantitative evaluation scores of different transformers are given. The method proposed in this paper has an important reference value in the field calibration of the DC transformer.