Table of contents

1^ST Annual Conference on Health and Food Science Technology (ACHOST) 2020

We are glad to introduce you the proceedings of the first Annual Conference on Health and Food Science Technology (ACHOST) 2020. The 1^st ACHOST 2020 addresses challenges and innovations the field of Food Science and Health, Environmental Science and Issue, Earth Science and Technology. It also provides a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, educators and practitioners to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of of applied science, technology, and engineering.

As we may aware, the World Health Organization officially declared the novel coronavirus COVID-19 a pandemic. Governments around the world are now issuing restrictions on travel, gatherings, and meetings in an effort to limit and slow the spread of the virus. The health and safety of the author and reseacher community is our first priority and we are supporting these efforts. Therefore, the ACHOST conference was held virtually on 25 November 2020.

The ACHOST conference is hosted by PT. Kresna Acitya Nusantara Mediatama and co-hosted by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Relawan Jurnal Indonesia. This year, we held this flexible online conference to gather experts and scholars around the globe with the aim to continue disseminating the latest advanced research in the field of Food Science and Health, Environmental Science and Issue, Earth Science and Technology. The conference was held from Yogyakarta as the host of the event. The ACHOST 2020 event is virtually implemented with a model that all invited speakers are given time to present their material for about 30-45 minutes each. It then followed by a question and answer by the participants with a direct questioning system, through chat forums and Q&A forums provided by the zoom application. Overall, the conference took 6 hours.

The number of participants who joined the zoom room was recorded around 341 participants. The authors or participants are came from 5 countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Philippine and India. Indonesian Participants are come from 19 Provinces of 33 Provinces.

The committee of the conference are honored to have invited following renowned experts as our keynote speakers. Wahyu Caesarendra, PhD from Universiti Brunei Darussalam; Andri Pramesyanti, Ph.D from Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta.

We are glad to share with you that around 155 pre-registered authors are submitted their work in the conferences. However, its about 97 papers are selected and accepted for the conferences. All the papers have been through rigorous review by a panel of reviewers who provide critical comments and corrections, and have contributed subtantially to the improvement of the quality of the papers to meet the requirements of International publication standard and IOP EES Scope.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from it. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year.

Chair of the Organizing Committee, Editors, Host Organizer, Committee and this titles are available in this pdf.

☐ Type of peer review: Double Blind

a. All papers submitted were checked their similarity index using Turnitin.

b. Papers have similarity index more than 25% were rejected.

c. After that, the format of the papers was checked. Papers that did not follow the IOP template will be sent back to the authors for revision.

d. All papers passed the similarity index and have already follow the IOP template will be sent to the reviewers.

e. Reviewers reviewed the papers and give comments to the papers.

f. Scientific committee decided if the papers: accepted, accepted with major revision, accepted with minor revision, or rejected.

g. Author revised their papers and send back their revision

☐ Conference submission management system:

All papers from the conference submitted using our system where each author must register first using https://achost.kresnanusantara.com/

☐ Number of submissions received:

155 Submission were received

☐ Number of submissions sent for review:

151 Submission was sent for review, and the rest was rejected because out of scope, low-quality article and high similarity

☐ Number of submissions accepted:

97 Paper accepted based on IOP EES Scope and quality

☐ Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100):

(97/124) x 100 = 64.2 %

☐ Average number of reviews per paper: 2

Times

☐ Total number of reviewers involved: 10

10 Reviewer Involved + 3 Editors, each reviewer received 8-10 papers with

2 weeks review process

☐ Any additional info on review process:

NONE

☐ Contact person for queries:

Robbi Rahim, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Sukma, Medan, Indonesia and University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia

Email: robbirahim@ieee.org

The large demand for cayenne pepper makes farmers need to make efforts to increase crop production by increasing the efficiency of using fertilizers. The alternative fertilizer comes from household waste, namely egg shells. This study aims to determine the effect of eggshell organic fertilizer on vegetative growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The research method used was an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were P0 (control), P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 respectively, the treatment of eggshell organic fertilizer with a dose of 0; 45; 60; 75; 90; and 105 g. The treatments were given 3 days after transplanting and harvesting the plants 35 days after transplanting. Data for each parameter was tested for normality, homogeneity test, and analyzed by 1 factor ANOVA. Furthermore, the LSD test was carried out to determine the difference in effect between treatments. The best application of eggshell organic fertilizer was P4 treatment for parameters of root length and plant wet weight, respectively, 20.10 cm and 17.96 g, and P5 treatment for parameters of plant height and plant dry weight, respectively 54.80 cm and 3.00 g. The percentage of root length and wet weight of P4 treatment plants to control were 130.52% and 269.67%, respectively, while the percentage of plant height and dry weight of P5 treatment plants to control were 139.79% and 282.49%, respectively. The application of eggshell organic fertilizer can increase the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper.

The effects of inlet temperatures of 120 and 150°C and shelf life levels at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days in temperature 30°C on the physicochemical properties, anthocyanin and Cyanidin 3-O—glucoside of spray-dried rosella powder were studied. A study was conducted using Armfield spray dryer FT30MKII to produce spray-dried rosella powders using 10% maltodextrin concentrations as the encapsulating agent. Moisture content, water activity, and solubility of powder were significantly affected by inlet temperature. However, an increase in the level of inlet temperature did not substantially affect the L^*, a^*, b^*, hue, and chroma values. An increase in drying temperature decreased the anthocyanin and Cyanidin 3-O—glucoside activity of the powder.

Ahaetulla prasina commonly known as asian vine snake frequently kept as exotic pet in Indonesia. Snake also susceptible to various parasitic disease and one of them have zoonotic potential such as sparganosis and acanthocephaliasis. Sparganosis is an infection of humans and animals especially reptiles caused by tapeworms which belonging to the genus Spirometra. Sparganosis and acanthocephaliasis has been reported sporadically in reptiles around the world, with higher cases occurs in several Asian countries including Indonesia even though this disease categorized as neglected zoonotic disease. To our knowledge, sparganosis and acanthocephaliasis infection case has not been reported in this snake species. Therefore, this study aims to report sparganosis and acanthocephaliasis infection in asian vine snake which kept as an exotic pet and moreover provide scientific foundation for preventing sparganosis which include in zoonotic disease among animals and humans. A sudden death snake collected as sample from pet owner which suspected with parasites infection. Necropsy method was performed to investigate the distribution of parasites inside the snake body cavity. Identification of parasite infective stages using Carmine staining and examination under light microscope with a magnification of 40x and 100x. The results of this study found that Ahaetulla prasina was infected with Spirometra and Acanthocephalan parasites. The parasites located within subcutaneous tissues, muscular tissues, and coelom cavity of snake. The muscular tissues had highest intensity of parasites infection compared with subcutaneous tissues and coelom cavity sites. Present report of this finding can potentially contributes not only diagnosing parasitic disease in exotic animals but also proposing prevention program for zoonotic disease in humans worldwide. Moreover, education about neglected parasitic disease with zoonotic potential should take into consideration above this fndings and reports.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of the composite whey edible film with the addition of clove oil and different types of plasticizers. This research was conducted as a laboratory experiment and the variables observed were the mechanical properties of the composite whey edible film. This research was conducted using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of Factor A (clove oil concentration: 5%; 10% and 15%) and Factor B (a type of plasticizer): sorbitol and polyethylene glycol. The results showed that the percentage value of elongation with the use of clove oil was 46.00-63.01% and the use of plasticizers resulted in 49.56-57.33%. The value of tensile strength using clove oil resulted in 7.76-7.9 N and the use of plasticizers from 7.74-8.05N. WVTR film with the use of clove oil 7,00-7,31 g/m2.day-1 and the use of plasticizer resulted in a value of 7,09-7,16 g/m2.day-1, for the microstructures showed a film surface that still showed oil droplets and no homogenization process but no cracks occurred in the film. Composite whey edible film with the addition of clove oil and a different type of plasticizer can produce good film mechanical properties.

Hyperlipidemia is an increase in lipid levels such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Binahong leaves contain compounds that possess anti-hyperlipidemic properties. This study aims to determine the effect of 96% ethanol extract of binahong leaves on reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic rats. The testing animals were divided into 6 groups consisting of normal group, negative group (high fat and sucrose diets), positive group (atorvastatin), dose I group (12.5 mg / kg), dose II (25 mg / kg), and dose III (50 mg / kg). All groups, except the normal group, were induced with high fat and sucrose diets. The results obtained showed that the binahong leaves extract was effective in reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The dose II group was comparable to the positive control in reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels with the percentage reduction of 48.97% and 47.17%, respectively.

There are about 5000-6000 types of dragonflies which will continue to grow when new types are found. The diversity of dragonflies in Indonesia is quite high, namely about 750 species or 12.5% of the total in the world. This study aims to determine the dragonfly community in flowing and stagnant water in the Cibodas Botanical Garden Area. The research method used was a descriptive exploratory method, while the data collection technique used the Catch and Release technique (TLK). Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis. Data collection was carried out in May-July 2018. The locations included in the flowing water group were Sakura Park and Ciismun Waterfall, while Air Mancur and Guest House were included in the stagnant water group. The results showed that there were 8 types of dragonflies identified, namely Orthetrum Pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina, Orthetrum glaucum, Pantala flavescens, Neurothermis fluctuans, Neurothemis terminata, Ischnura senegalensis, Coeliccia membranipes. The most common species found was Pantala flavescens with 533 individuals, while the least species found was Neurothemis terminata with 4 individuals. Sub-order zygoptera was found only in 2 types in this study, namely the Coeliccia membranipes with the number of 101 individuals and Ischnura senegalensis with the number of 19 individuals. The dominant types of dragonflies in flowing and stagnant water are Pantala flavescens and Orthetrum pruinosum. The Coeliccia membranipes dragonfly was only found in running water, namely at the location of the Ciismun waterfall and Ischnura senegalensis only found in stagnant water, namely at the location of the fountain.

One of the problems among breeders is the high need for food. An effort to reduce the cost of catfish feed is to provide maggot flour (Hermetia illucens L.) as a basic material for making food. Our study attempted to measure the effect of maggot flour (Hermetia illucens L.) on the growth of 2 month old Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp.). The data were compiled using a completely randomized design technique (CRD) with 4 replications and 6 treatments for catfish, namely the provision of maggot concentrations of 10% (P1), 20% (P2), 30% (P3), 40% (P4), 50% (P5 ), control treatment (without maggot) and calculated using ANOVA. The 50% and 40% maggot percentages provided an increase in all growth parameters. The statistical test at a significant level of 1% showed that feeding maggot flour had a significant effect (P > 0.05) on absolute length and relative length, but had no significant effect on absolute weight, relative weight and feed efficiency ratio. Provision of maggot flour could increase the growth of 2 month old Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp.) on growth parameters and provide solutions in reducing feed costs.

Kancra fish (Tor soro) is a freshwater fish that has become scarce. This is seen from the decrease of its population in its natural habitat. To anticipate the decline of the kancra fish population. The method used in this research is completely randomized design (CRD) experimental methodology. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, the administration of diffrent probiotic dosage in natural feed shows the best result in treatment C (probiotic 5%). This proves that the administration of different probiotic doses results in variations where treatment C (probiotic 5%) which has an average grow of 0,150 grams is different from treatment A (probiotic 1%) which has an average growth of 0,087 grams and treatment B (probiotic 3%) which has an average growh of 0.117 grams.

One of the uses that can be pursued in marine conservation areas (KKPD) is aquaculture. This is because aquaculture is one of the leading sectors and is the basis of Indonesian marine and fisheries production. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sustainability of aquaculture utilization in the Biak Numfor District Marine Conservation Area (KKPD). The data analysis method uses the approach of sustainability analysis carried out by the MDS method (Multi Dimensional Scaling) with the help of Rapfish software. Rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries). The results showed that the analysis of Rapfish for the direction of the utilization of aquaculture obtained an ordination value of 44.80% or classified as less sustainable. Analysis results leverage for the direction of the utilization of aquaculture, it is found that there are 3 (three) attributes which are the most important indicators of sustainability from various other attributes, namely; cultivation technology (RMS = 8.81), number of business units (RMS = 7.00%), fish species and species (RMS = 6.85). The status of unsustainable aquaculture development in the KKPD is still ecologically profitable, However, economically, the contribution of the aquaculture sector has not been felt by the community.

Immunomodulators can alter immune system and work specifically and non-specific. Traditionally Stachytarpetha jamaicensis herbs is used to modulate immune system. This study aims to determine the humoral and cellular immune system activity of water extract of S. jamaicensis herb through hemagglutination antibody titer test and delayed type hypersensitivity tests in mice. The extract was made by boiling in distilled water. The doses of the extract were 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw and zymosan 10 mg/kg bw ip were used as a comparison. The parameter measured in the hemagglutination antibody titer test was the hemagglutination antibody titer value and lymphocyte count, while the parameters in the delayed type hypersensitivity test are the thickness of the hind footpad, percent inhibition of delayed type hypersensitivity response and and lymphocyte count. Test results showed extracts at dose of 50 mg/kg bw gave hemagglutination antibody titer value lower than control group, but the extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw produced antibody titer values higher than control group (p < 0.05). The extracts at all doses could inhibit the increasing of hind footpad thickness compared to control group (p < 0.05). The result also showed that there was increasing lymphocyte count compared to control group. It can be concluded that water extracts can affect humoral and cellular immune systems.

Traditionally, purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is used as an antioxidant, anti-diarrhea, hemorrhoid medication, anti-hypertension, and blood circulation. This study aims to examine the antihypertensive effect of the ethanol extract of purslane in an animal model of hypertension with epinephrine induction. The ethanol extract of purslane was made in 50% ethanol solvent. The antihypertensive effect was tested by induction of epinephrine 0.25 mg/kg bw and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured non-invasively using the Kent Coda Scientific System. The dose of purslane ethanol extract were 27.5; 55, and 110 mg/kg bw, and Psropanolol 1.8 mg/kg bw was used as comparisons. The results showed that the ethanol extract of purslane at dose of 27.5; 55 and 110 mg/kg BW were able to suppress the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared to controls (p < 0.05). The antihypertensive effect of ethanol extract of purslane at a dose of 110 mg/kg bw gave the best results and was equivalent to propanolol (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of purslane had potential effect as an antihypertensive.

The early phase of embryonic development involves a lot of signaling and growth factor proteins that will influence the interactions among cells. Administration of BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) at the beginning of embryo development can interferes organogenesis and causing abnormalities in embryo development. Administrations of BSA were expected to induce responses of the immune system, which be hoped mimicking the stress on immune system caused by infection such as of covid-19. This study aimed to screen the right BSA dose to influence the zebrafish immune system as model animal further study for covid-19 treatment. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Animal Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Eggs were immersed in 1%, 2.5% and 5% of BSA for imemersed in 1 hours and 5 hours repeated 3 times. The Parameter of the study were embryo survivalability rate, morphology, and physiological performance of contraction muscle per minutes and also heart rate per minutes. The data obtained were tested by ANOVA and DMRT test with a confidence level of 95%. The result showed BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) 1% and 5% has significant effect on normal development and organ function of zebrafish embryos, such as muscle contraction and heart rate of the embryos, as conclusion 1% BSA dose is the most effective responses to induce immune system as model animal further study for covid-19 treatment.

Tobacco plants are one of the main trade commodities in Indonesia. At present, the main production of tobacco is cigarettes. However, tobacco has active antibacterial compounds, such as phenols, alkaloids, and essential oils. Therefore, tobacco can be used in the health sector. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the pyrolysis extract of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study uses a true experimental research design with tobacco extract samples obtained by pyrolysis at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The antibacterial test carried out was the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. One-Way ANOVA test results with p < 0.05 indicate the effectiveness of tobacco pyrolysis extract in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The average yield of inhibition zones found in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 6.35 mm, 5.9 mm, 3.97 mm, and 5.025 mm. From these results, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria became the most sensitive bacteria with Virginia tobacco pyrolysis extract.

Zingiberaceae has a large number of species in Indonesia. One of the newly discovered generations of this class is Meistera chinensis. It is widely distributed in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. There is no information on the chemical compound and pharmacological activity of this plant. This study aims to identify chemical compounds, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal of extract from Meistera chinensis fruit. Meistera chinensis fruit dry powder was extracted by maceration process using ethanol 96% solvent. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity was determined by the radical reduction test of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with vitamin C and trolox as controls. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities were tested using agar diffusion method on Escherichia coli ACTT 35218, Staphylococcus aureus ACTT 25023, Streptococcus mutans ACTT 25675, and the fungus Candida albicans. The results showed that the phytochemical screening of Meistera chinensis fruit extracts contained saponins, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenolics, tannin, and flavonoids. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent pattern with IC₅₀ 47.62 ± 2.93, 8.84 ± 0.69, 11.45 ± 0.87 for Meistera chinensis fruit, ascorbic acid, and trolox respectively. The results of the analysis of variance on antibacterial and antifungal properties showed that there was a significant difference (p = 0.00 < 0.05) against fungal and bacterial growth. Besade on the results, we make the following observations that Meistera chinensis fruit can be used as herbal medicine for the development of natural antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal.

Glucans are a type of polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria and yeasts. β-glucans have various biological activities as antitumour, antioxidant, anticholesterol, antiageing and immune system booster known as an immunomodulator. One of the yeasts that can produce β-glucans is Saccharomyces cerevisiae because most of the cell wall structures contain mannoproteins, β-1,3-glucan, and β-1,6-glucan, which function to strengthen cell structure and as a portion reserve food. This study aims to see the effect of adding ammonium chloride and disodium chloride with molasses as a natural substrate for the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the production of β-glucose. The research stages began with making a growth curve, fermentation process, separation of β-glucan, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis showed positive results for β-glucan. In quantitative analysis, the highest amount of cell biomass obtained in Formula 4 = (04395 ± 0,1318) mg containing 4% molasses, 2% peptone, 0,2% Ammonium chloride and 0.02% Na₂HPO₄ and distilled water up to 150 mL with a fermentation time of 72 hours. The addition of ammonium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate affected beta-glucan levels after 72 hours of fermentation in Formula 4 = (0,0840 ± 0,0467) %.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the leading mortality causes in the last decades. The ailments are multifactorial characterized by excessive clot (thrombus) formation in the blood vessels. Thrombus could be degraded through thrombolysis mechanism by plasmin activated by various fibrinolysis agents including, urokinase, nattokinase, or streptokinase. However, the use of these agents is restricted by relatively high cost, short half-life, allergic reaction, and bleeding effects. The search for more economical and safer thrombolytic (clot lysis) agents are essential to address the underlying problem in CVD therapy. Among Holothurians, H. scabra has been known to have the highest protein content making it ideal substrate for protease enzymes including fibrinolytic types with clot lysis properties. However, isolation of a proteases with antithrombotic activities either from tissue or from bacteria of H. scabra has not been reported. This study aimed to screen proteolytic and clot lysis activities of crude protease extracts from tissue and bacteria isolated from fermented intestine of H. scabra. Crude protease of tissue of H. scabra was extracted by cold centrifugation, which activity was measured using UV-spectrophotometer. Crude protease of proteolytic bacteria selected by clear zones on skim milk agar (SMA) medium was isolated from nutrient broth (NB). Extracts showing proteolytic activity were subjected to gravimetry-based clot lysis test. As results, crude proteases isolated directly from the H. scabra's tissue showed low proteolytic activities, thus were no proceed to clot lysis activity test. Crude protease extracted bacteria could show both proteolytic and clot lysis activities. In conclusion, based on this screening study, intestine of H. scabra is a rich source of proteolytic bacteria, some of them could produce crude enzymes showing competitive thrombolysis activities with Nattokinase. Thus, they appeared to have more potentials to be developed as thrombolysis agent than those directly extracted from the organism's tissue.

Bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and gamma oryzanol are contained in rice bran, which is a byproduct of the rice milling process. Gamma oryzanol in bran has high antioxidant activity, hence it can ward off free radicals. Previous studies have shown this antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.591. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of various concentrations of ethanol extract of 96% brown rice bran in an emulgel preparation. The brown rice bran was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Furthermore, it was made in an emulgel preparation with 3 variations in concentration, namely 0.591 (F2); 1 (F3); 1.5 (F4). Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method and compared with emulgel without extract (F1). The results obtained showed that the F4 extract 1.5% had better activity than the other preparations with an value of 108.3224 µg/mL and AAI 1.4561. Therefore, it can be concluded that the 96% ethanol extract emulgel preparation of brown rice bran has moderate antioxidant activity and its AAI value range falls into the range of strong antioxidant activity.

The gelatin is the biomaterial that produced by collagen denaturation. The age of animal was reported influences the collagen crosslinks which by that contribute to the gelatin quality. The aims of this study were to determine the characteristics of gelatin that extracted from the skin of adult and sub adult striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) using acid-base pre-treatment based on pH and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis. The gelatine were extracted from striped catfish skins of adult fish (total body length or TBL = 48.6 ± 1.9 cm) and sub-adult (TBL = 38.9 ± 0.5 cm) using acid-base pre-treatment (CH₃COOH and NaOH solution). The pre-treated skin was washed with tap water until neutral. Finally, the swollen skin was mixed with sterile water at a ratio 1/10 (w/v) and extracted using water bath at 40-70 °C for 60 minutes. In general, the pre-treated acid-base of adult and sub adult fish skin resulted the neutral pH gelatin. The FTIR spectra analysis of gelatin from adult and sub adult striped catfish skin exhibited the similar of wavenumbers included amide A, B, I, II, and III region. In both striped catfish skin gelatin adult and sub-adult were shown the functional groups of O-H, C-H, N-H, C = O, C = N, C = C, and N = O.

Marine Debris is a common problem in every tourism development area such as the Karimunjawa Islands. In accordance with the title, this study aims to identify the characteristics and density of debris around the Karimunjawa Islands. The method of taking data from this research is using direct-sampling on field observation technique by making transect columns to identify various debris compositions. Debris sampling was taken at four observation points namely Batu Topeng Beach (2 points), Batu Penganten Beach and Cemara Besar Beach. The results of field observation and debris sampling activities which has been done shows that the most common types of stranded marine debris found around the Karimunjawa Islands are plastic, wood, metal, glass and rubber. The highest density level of debris components obtained are the plastic type of debris found at Batu Penganten Beach with the value of density 4,18 plastic debris / m² which is followed by the density level at Batu Topeng 1 Beach with a density value of 3,93 plastic debris / m². The lowest level of solid debris density calculated is the type of metal found at Cemara Besar Beach, where the density level only reaches 0,02 metals / m².

This study aims to map food vulnerability through geographic information system applications in the city of Denpasar. The research method is descriptive quantitative. The data collected consisted of spatial data in the form of administrative maps with the sub-district as the mapping unit, and attribute data consisted of indicators of food vulnerability based on approach of the food and nutrition surveillance system (FNSS) consisting of: agriculture (food availability), health (energy preference), and socioeconomic (poverty). Each indicator is scorched, the combination of these three indicators produces a composite value for the FNSS which indicates the level of food vulnerability in an area. The results showed that in all sub-districts in Denpasar City were classified as high-risk areas, characterized by indicators of high deficit serelia food production ( r < 0.95), indicators of malnutrition and deficiency (under weight) is classified as safe ( < 15%), and indicators of food utilization are classified as safe (pre-PF and PF-1 < 20%).

Sedimentation in coastal areas poses a threat to the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. Besides damaging coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs, sedimentation also reduces the quality of the beach as a tourist area. This is economically detrimental. This study aims to monitor and map sedimentation in coastal areas through physical interpretation based on Landsat satellite imagery data and bathymetry maps. Landsat 2003 image was used in this study and bathymetry map was coming from geological map. Band intensity is used to magnify the water column. Image processing shows the intensity of each band can be used to interpret land cover, but the blue channel can penetrate the water column deeper than the other channels. The result of the research was ensuring that the sediment would be deposited due to the gravel size and the current speed. Both of 12 cm/sec and 25 cm/sec current speed do not have enough energy to disperse the sediment which consists of gravel with 2 mm in diameter. Since the river discharged the coast continuously and the sediment deposited into the seabed then it would be accumulated. The accumulation of sediment in the study area was interpreted by the thickness of the sediment overlay with the bathymetry map.

The pressure of the global economic climate that is leading to the concept of sustainability by emphasizing traceability and reducing environmental impact has resulted in the ISPO standard not being fully recognized internationally. This is likely to exclude smallholders from national value chains and from international markets that demand certified commodities. Therefore, this policy brief aims to use ISPO certification to maintain the smallholders' position in the national value chain. The methods used are spatial analysis, field surveys, and in-depth interviews. The data obtained will then be analyzed with a qualitative approach through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with experts in various fields to draw conclusions and decisions on policy improvements.

Green Open Space (GOS) as described as an open place to grow plants both naturally or intentionally planted. The arrangement of GOS on the underground building is of a similar type to the green roof design on buildings located at ground level. This is due to the similarity in the characteristics of the park on top of a building. Using a quantitative approach, the study presented the GOS visually, showed the area, the percentage of green plants, and the number of shade trees. This research used the model of Underground Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) as a representative of the underground building that can be further reviewed to be applied in DKI Jakarta. Underground GIS requires land in a natural environment but tries to maintain part of that environment with green space applied to the roof of the underground building. GOS is applied on the Underground GIS roof by implementing the intensive green roof. By considering public activity spaces and arranging vegetation layout, it is hoped that this Underground GIS can become a built environment that can reduce the ecological footprint, enhance benefits for the environment, and make the growth of urban space more sustainable and livable.

Background:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of disease that had never been identified in humans. The virus that causes COVID-19 is called Sars-coV-2. Magetan district Government first reported a confirmed COVID-19 case on March 19, 2020. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 cluster in Magetan District.

Method: This research is a descriptive study that was done by collecting COVID-19 information from the contact tracing data of the Magetan district health office from 19th March to 6^th April 2020, including gender, age, onset data, symptoms, exposure history, risk factors, and residence.

Results: COVID-19 data up to April 6, 2020 had one group of COVID-19 cluster from the Bogor cluster; 9 patient confirmed cases: 44.44% were aged 50-59 years, 66.67% were females, 44.44% were housewife, CFR COVID-19 CFR was 11%, 66.67% are close contacts, 44.44% had sore throat and 33.33% had cough, average of 14 days as the incubation period, and patients spread in 3 sub districts.

Conclusion: COVID-19 Bogor cluster is the initial source of transmission in Magetan District through close contact. The government must increase the testing capacity and centralized isolation for all suspects of COVID-19 cases, conducted a screening at the entrance of the area and intensified contact tracing in the public health centre area. Involve all leaders across sectors and stakeholders in the community for information distribution. Encourage the movement of citizens concerned about COVID-19 prevention.

Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marsh provide ecosystem services to mitigate climate change. The stored carbon is called blue carbon. To date, studies relating strategy to enhance blue carbon storage is emerging. In developing a strategy to be applied to a natural resource, it is necessary to consider how it is affected and influences its people's lives. Meanwhile, the studies related to blue carbon management's social aspects are lacking compared to technical and policy aspects. This paper aims to identify peer-reviewed documents that discuss social aspects in the context of blue carbon management. This study uses a semi-systematic review approach by reviewing relevant documents based on determined keyword search terms. This study suggests that livelihood, land tenure, local knowledge, and local capacity are essential to incorporate in blue carbon management. The strategy must enforce communities to hold a significant role in governance. Those aspects would help to increase community engagement to manage and support blue carbon management. However, more extensive practical studies are needed to apply strategies on the real subject to strengthen the theory in recent literature.

Papalele is a group of people who are routine sellers activity. They have been known to the people of Ambon Maluku City, as tough sellers since the past. The term papalele is addressed to them, more because of their local identity. Therefore, this paper wants to show that the papalele struggle to meet the demands of household economic life and the distribution of household duties for family members is inevitable. Increasing various needs of household economy, but household economy still survive. Therefore, to answer the purpose of this paper, the research method used is a qualitative approach and the type of case study research. The results of this discussion indicate that the simple daily life of the papalele seems to help explain the strength of the struggle of live. When energy and time are fully devoted to the interests of the family, at least it has formed their character to maintain the existence of the family as a form of social responsibility.

The international community is worried about the increasing number of disasters caused by climate change. The main effort is to carry out mitigation and adaptation programs. In this regard, one of the studies that needs to be done is to see ants as bioindicators of climate change. Sampling of ants is carried out by systematic sampling with a path length of 250 m and a width of 20 m as many as 10 lines. Line distance of 30 m. Three methods of taking ants were carried out, namely: (1) Hand Colecting (2) Pitfall trap and (3) Bait trap and preserved in 70% alcohol. The type of ant that has a strong correlation with air temperature and / or soil temperature will be more sensitive to climate change than the type with low correlation. Thus only certain types of ants can be used as bioindicators of climate change. From the results of the inventory of ants, 32 species of ants were obtained as many as 3,110 tails. Of the 32 types of ants, 5 of the most common species were found and the 5 least species were found. The types of ants that are included have a high correlation with soil temperature and air temperature, namely: Cardiocondyla nuda, Myrmicaria brunnea subcarinata, Polyrhachis bellicosa, Myrmoteras binghami and Crematogaster difformis. This type of ant is most rarely found at the study site. Ants that are less correlated with soil temperature and air temperature are: Polyrhachis abdominal, Hypoponera bugnioni, Leptogenys diminuta, Odonthoponera tranversa infuscata and Oecophylla smaragdina subnitide. This type of ant is most easily found in the study location.

The mangrove forest is a forest ecosystem that supports life for the surrounding ecosystem. However, the area of mangrove forests is decreasing. It is recorded that up to 2016, there is only 2.9 million hectares of mangrove forests in Indonesia. Mangrove forests' existence needs to be maintained in the surrounding ecosystem. One of the efforts to protect the mangrove forest ecosystem is to see changes in mangrove forest health. This effort can be used as the basis for sustainable mangrove forest management—this research's purpose—this the real aim of mangrove forests on the east coast of Lampung. The study was conducted at three locations on the east coast of Lampung (Pasir Sakti District, Labuhan Maringgai District, and Way Kambas National Park). The method used was the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). The results showed that mangrove forests' health value on the east coast of Lampung had positively changed except for cluster plots 2 and 3. The health of mangrove forests on the east coast of Lampung has increased the forest's health value. The increase in forest health value is influenced by factors from the indicators used, especially vitality.

The Animal park considers have many functions where these can be categorized into conservation, social, and environmental aspects. This study was undertaken in Bontomarannu education park (BEP) is located in Sokkolia Village, Gowa regency. This study assesses the potential of BEP based on conservation, social, and environment aspect as well as determine the potency classification of BEP. The methods used are literature studies, interviews, and field observations. The results revealed that the animal conservation aspect (26,89) and the environment aspect (8,16) played a lesser potency than did the social factor (25,71). The findings indicate that BEP from all aspects had average potential category was at 60,76. All aspects still need to be improved. However, animal conservation and environmental aspects need to get priority in management because they are considered moderate and slight potential, respectively. Meanwhile, the social aspect that focuses on education, research, and recreation has good potential. Implications for management to improve in each aspect. In the conservation, is animal welfare, while in the social aspect, BEP needs to complete the information board on each existing cage, and in the environmental aspect it is necessary to add variety in vegetation to maximize comfort for both animals and visitors.

Agricultural development policy focused on irrigated paddy fields (which are found mostly on Java Island), has abandoned the development of dryland agriculture, particularly the empowerment of dryland farmers. The study aimed to describe characteristics of dryland farmers and their access to environmental resources, therefore developing a collaborative model to increase dry lands farmer empowerment. The study was designed as a quantitative method and used descriptive explanatory. Data collection was carried out by survey methods and the analysis technique used descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that the characteristics of dryland farmers have productive age, having low education, but have long experience in farming is more than 14 years, also have a large area of land and an average income of farmer more than the average national and the number of family members is more than four. Farmers' access to environmental resources is a low category, namely access to production inputs and agricultural equipment, capital supporting and financial facilities, marketing, infrastructure, and transportation, as well as the availability of agricultural information and innovation sources. A collaborative empowering model was proposed to increase farmer empowerment. The collaboration model involved multi-stakeholders.

Very few research has been done on the diversity of terrestrial ferns (Pteridophyta) in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea garden in Bogor, West Java. This research aims to understand the diversity of ferns and species of ferns found in the tea plantation area of Ciliwung, Telaga Warna Puncak, Bogor, West Java, by examining ecological indices in the form of important value index and diversity index. Objects collected in the observation were all types of ferns in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea plantation area, Bogor, West Java through line transect techniques (transect sampling) and rectangular sampling which were placed randomly in the census zone (sampling square). The data obtained were processed quantitatively with Microsoft Excel. From the research conducted in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna tea plantation area, 18 species were found. The highest index of important value for ferns was Selaginella sp, at 92.98% and the lowest was Lycopodiella cernua with an INP value of 1.15%. The value of H'(Species Diversity) obtained in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea plantation area with 4 transects and 100 plots was 1.425, indicating that the species diversity on a transect was moderate.

Amphibians play a vital role as bio indicators of environmental health. This study aims to calculate the diversity of species, the abundance and the evenness of amphibians in the area of Cimisblung Resort Cisarua, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). Visual Encounter Surveys method was used to determine the species richness of the area, to compile a species list and to estimate the relative abundance of species, by observing the trunks of bush trees in the Cimisblung River flow. Data analysis used Species Diversity Index, Species Evenness Index, Species Abundance Index and Dominance Index. The results showed that the frogs obtained in the Cimisblung area were 151 individuals, 13 species from 5 families, the diversity index (Shannon-Wiener) showed that in the Cimisblung River H' = 1.780 the evenness index for species E = 0.694 and the dominance index D = 0.286. Amphibian diversity (Order Anura) in the Cimisblung region is moderate.

Amphibians play an important role in the ecosystem, where they act as predators of various types of insects and are important biological indicators. However, in reality some amphibian habitats are lost and their activities are disrupted due to the construction of inns and restaurants. This study aims to determine the diversity of amphibians in the Bogor Natural Park. This research used VES (Visual Encounter Survey), in which samples were captured by hand and identified morphologically. The sample in this study was anura in the area where the natural park was located. Data were collected and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index, Relative Abundance Index, and Species Richness Index (Margalef). A total of 13 species were obtained which belong to 6 families. Amphibian diversity index H' = 0.929. The highest abundance of Chalcorana chalconota was 78.81%. Species Richness Index DMg = 1.858. This study proved that the diversity of amphibians in Bogor Natural Park is low and the level of species richness is in the low category.

The village development program is still prioritized for infrastructure development and less community development. On the other side the company's CSR program is still not in line with the village program so it is less a solution to the community's problems. This study aims to identify environmental problems around the work area of Labuhan Sumbawa PLTD and determine short-term environmental priority programs that are integrated with the village development program. The method used is social mapping and need assessment. The results showed there were five problems on environmental aspects, namely the problem of garbage, the availability of clean water, air pollution, noise in the area around the Labuhan Sumbawa PLTD and the problem of greening. Formulation of priority programs that are integrated with Labuhan Sumbawa village development program including the provision of clean water networks, procurement of waste management infrastructure facilities, training and assistance on household scale waste management and clean water treatment training as well as greening and procurement of Green Open Space (RTH).

People with stunting are generally susceptible to disease, have a level of intelligence below normal and have low productivity. The research objective was to determine the factors associated with stunting in children under. This study was an analytic study with a case control approach, the population in this study of all stunting cases in the villages of Nupabomba and Guntarano, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency as many as 49 toddlers, the sample in this study was divided into two categories, namely the case group and the control group with comparisons. 1: 1. The bivariate test results showed that there was a relationship between the provision of clean water, toilet ownership and the habit of washing hands with soap in Nupabomba and Guntarano Villages, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency. The factor of clean water supply, latrine ownership and the habit of washing hands with soap have a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting because the p value obtained is less than 0.05. It is hoped that Wani Puskesmas officers and cadres can provide education about the provision of clean water, ownership of a toilet that meets the requirements and the habit of washing hands with soap and can provide additional information about the relationship between sanitation facilities and stunting.

"Karang Jeruk" is a Fish Sanctuary whose existence is expected to provide protection for the biota in it. The purpose of this study was to collect and conduct baseline analyzes of the condition of coral reef ecosystem. The results for the ecological index are the Diversity Index (H') is 1.7362 (depth 3 m) and 1.8382 (depth 10 m), so that the diversity is moderate with moderate ecological pressure. Uniformity Index (E) is 0.7864 (3 m depth) and 1.0362 (10 m depth) so that it is included in the high population uniformity category. Simpson Dominance Index (C) is 0.2405 (3 m depth) and 0.2211 (10 m depth), including the species dominance category is low. The percentage of coral cover is 1.30%-69.28% in the damaged to good category. Diversity Index data (H') is 1.5157 (3 m depth) and 1.3896 (10 m depth), so that the diversity is moderate with moderate ecological pressure. Uniformity Index (E) is 0.7062 (3 m depth) and 0.6353 (10 m depth) so that it is included in the high population uniformity category. Simpson Dominance Index (C) is 0.2920 (3 m depth) and 0.3497 (10 m depth), including the species dominance category is low.

Market demand for mud crab (Scylla serrata) is increasing so that its catch in nature is high in the long term. The growth of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) occurs through molting (molting) mechanisms. Softshell crab has a higher economic value than hard shell crab. The purpose of this study was to assess the molting rate of mud crab (Scylla serrata) with different salinity treatments in controlled containers. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments of 20 ppt, 25 ppt, and 30 ppt salinity with three replications. The crabs used are mud crabs (Scylla serrata) measuring 80-175 grams with the carapace still hard. The test parameters include the weight gain and absolute length of the individual, daily growth rate, molting percentage, and survival and mortality rates. Besides, the chemical-chemical parameters of the culture media water and the effectiveness of using controlled containers were also observed. The research data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The difference in treatment and the use of controlled containers had a significant effect on the 95% significance level (α = 0.05) on all parameters of the response to treatment. Absolute individual weight values 40.6 – 47.41 grams, absolute individual length 2.6 – 3.2 cm, molting percentage 75 – 100%, daily growth rate 1.3 – 1.6 grams, 75 – 100% survival and mortality of mud crab (Scylla serrata) 25-16.7%. Optimal salinity level at 20 ppt. Water quality parameters during the study were still feasible for mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) cultivation. Controlled containers using a water rotation system are quite effective for the cultivation of mud crab (Scylla serrata).

This study aims to determine the water quality of Tirta Sanjiwani Spring at Banjar Gunung Kangin, Bangli Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia based on physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters; and to determine water quality index and its criteria. Results showed that temperature, turbidity, and nitrate concentration were acceptable, according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 429 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010. However, pH was below the limit and fecal coliform exceeded the minimum acceptable level. Total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and phosphate concentration were also acceptable; however, pH in the source of the spring and reservoir were below the limit. Meanwhile, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and fecal coliform of the water from fountain were over the limit according to the Governor of Bali Regulation No. 8 / 2007. Water quality index of Tirta Sanjiwani Spring was between 52.89-55.76 and classified as moderate quality based on NSF-WQI suggested that water treatment was necessary before using it as drinking water.

Dried sandfish sea cucumber is one of the export commodities in the international market. Since ancient times, sea cucumbers have been used as medicines and foodstuffs. Certain nutritional content can be lost if there is an error in processing. The exact method used to remove calcium content is important because it can also affect the quality of sea cucumbers. Sea cucumbers can experience a decrease in quality so that it can have an impact on the price of sea cucumbers in the market. The purpose of this study was to determine the best method of processing dried sea cucumbers by using the enzyme papain from papaya fruit and leaves and its impact on the chemical quality of dried sea cucumbers. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 treatments and continued with the Dunchan multiple range test at the level of α = 0.05 if the treatment had a significant effect (p < 0.01). This study used 2 treatments, namely treatment A which is the method of giving the enzyme, consisting of 3 levels, namely: A1 = initial immersion together with the papain enzyme (after washing sea cucumbers soaked in papain enzyme ± 30 minutes, before boiling 1). A2 = boiling the papain enzyme together (after washing, the sea cucumber is immediately cooked together with the papain enzyme). A3 = Stirring with the papain enzyme after boiling 1 (boiled sea cucumbers are stirred with the papain enzyme in a hot state). Treatment B, namely the part of papaya which is the source of the enzyme, consists of 2 levels, namely: B1 = sliced papaya leaves and B2 = sliced papaya fruit. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. From the analysis, the lowest water content in the boiling method together with the enzyme from papaya fruit was 12.48%, the highest ash content in the boiling method together with the enzyme from papaya leaves was 4.32, the highest protein content in the initial soaking method along with the enzyme from papaya fruit was 74.03 %, the highest fat content in the method of giving the enzyme from papaya leaves after boiling 1 was 2.14%, and the highest carbohydrate content in the boiling method together with the enzyme from papaya leaves was 9.02%. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference between the enzymes from the leaves and papaya fruit on the chemical quality of dried sea cucumbers and the boiling method together with the enzymes from papaya fruit was the best treatment because it had the best chemical quality characteristics.

The postpartum period is the period after delivery of up to 6 weeks or 42 days. During the postpartum period, the mother needs a supply of food containing vitamins to prevent anemia, infection during the puerperium, and decreased milk production. So it needs sufficient vitamins and is able to protect the mother from infection. Kelakai is a plant that grows on peat soil and is known as a plant that can increase breast milk and can stimulate breast milk production in nursing mothers, and contains many vitamins and minerals. To analyzed the effect of giving kelakai juice on the volume of breastfeeding of postpartum mothers. This research design used a quasi experimental design with pre-test and post-test one group design. The population of the study was 89 postpartum mothers who visited the Pekauman Health Center. The sample technique in this study used probability sampling with simple random sampling technique of 10 postpartum mothers. Data was analyzed used Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the volume of breastfeeding for postpartum mothers before being given kelakai juice was 38.14 ml and after being given kelakai juice was 73.35 ml to 10 postpartum mothers. Wilcoxon test results obtained p value = 0.004 ≤ α (0.05), so there is an effect of giving kelakai juice on the increase in the volume of breast milk for postpartum mothers.

Probiotic bacteria are a group of bacteria that have positive effects such as increasing the absorption ability of some nutrients, maintaining the intestinal pH so that it can be protected from pathogenic microorganisms, maintaining disturbances in water absorption, smoothing digestion by producing several digestive enzymes. Each bacterial species has different probiotic effects so selection and identification are needed to get a good strain of probiotics. The identification of probiotic bacteria in this study uses the molecular identification method with the 16S rRNA marker gene. 6 probiotic bacterial isolates (DA1, DA3, DA4, DA7, DA8, DA10) were identified as having the characteristics of a circular shape, the edge of the entire and flat elevation. negative. The antibacterial test results have a clear zone of 7.1 mm. The results of sequencing with the help of the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program showed that probiotic bacteria from meconium had 99.78% similarity with Basillus coagulans NBRC.

Controlling blood glucose levels is the main purpose of diabetes treatment because it can reduce health complications and death. The Diabetes Commission of the World Health Organization has made recommendations for further research on the use of herbs as a treatment for diabetes. Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) is a medicinal plant that has been used traditionally for diabetes management. This review aims to provide the existing literature published during the period of 2000-2020 on the potency of CS heartwood as an anti-diabetic agent. Overall, some in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that CS heartwood extract can reduce blood glucose levels, however the numbers are still limited. Interestingly, this review provides the evidence that CS heartwood has its potential to be developed and used as an anti-diabetic agent in the future.

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is widely used for cell culture media, especially its function as a growth supplement with high growth-promoting factors. An optimal culture medium is needed to increase protein transduction. Unfortunately, FBS reported as media contained protease and contaminated with pathogen microorganisms from an animal host. Fibroblast preputium cell is easy to culture and can be a good model for assessing the medium culture system. In this study, FBS was substituted with honey and royal jelly to find an alternative FBS. This study aimed to determine the effectivity of serum-free DMEM medium with honey from Tetragonulasp. and royal jelly from Apis mellifera (Ceiba pentandra) on the proliferation of fibroblasts preputium cells. The research design used true experimental methods. Samples were taken from healthy people. Fibroblast cells were cultured with various concentrations of honey and royal jelly (0.1%, 1%, 5%). The best result of those various concentrations continued until 9 days with continuous checking in every three days measured with Microtetrazolium (MTT) assay test. Fibroblast cells cultured in Tetragonulasp. honey and royal jelly Apis mellifera (Ceiba pentandra) 0.1% medium had a significant difference, with proliferation higher than 1% (p = 0,000) and 5% (p = 0,000), but did not exceed proliferation with FBS addition medium. Next, cells in DMEM medium with Tetragonulasp. honey and Apis mellifera royal jelly (Ceiba pentandra) 0.1% on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th (p = 0,000; p = 0,000; p = 0,000) had not similar growth to the standard medium with FBS. However, the growth on the 9th day had a significant difference with the DMEM medium without FBS. High sugar in honey can inhibit fibroblast cell proliferation. The addition of other components as needed to optimize proliferation in honey and royal jelly medium. Isolation of active ingredients in honey and royal jelly can function as an alternative development of an effective and safe substitute for FBS.

Somatic embryogenesis is a way to produce large numbers of seeds according to the parent, so it is very profitable in the effort to conserve Arabica coffee, which has reduced number of trees and is not productive. This study uses Todolo arabica coffee (Coffea arabica Var. Typica) which is the oldest commercial coffee found in Toraja, South Sulawesi and is threatened with extinction. This study aims to obtain the best composition in administering zpt 2,4-D and kinetin in forming embryogenic callus from explants of arabica coffee leaves. This research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University. The experimental range used was a completely randomized design with 2 factorials, namely the concentration of 2,4-D 1 ppm, 2 ppm, and 3 ppm and kinetin concentration of 0.1 ppm, 0.5 ppm and 1.0 ppm so that there were 9 treatments with 3 replications. The parameters observed were callus formation time, callus structure, and callus color. The results showed that the fastest time for callus appearance was 17.00 HSK with 1 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm kinetin. The callus texture formed is a crumb-textured callus with several color variations that are formed.

Citrus maxima pectin has a function to serve as a superdisintegrant due to its hydrophilicity, its high methoxyl content, and its great affinity for water. It allows the acceleration of the disintegration time of the orodispersible film. This study aims to determine the superdisintegration effect of Citrus maxima pectin on orodispersible film characteristics. Initially, Citrus maxima pectins were extracted and evaluated for organoleptic properties, qualitative tests, loss on drying, ash content, equivalent weight, and methoxyl content. Orodispersible film of dextromethorphan hydrobromide was formulated in 5 formulas with varying concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. The films were evaluated for their organoleptic properties, uniformity of weight, thickness, tensile strength, elongation, pH, disintegration time, determination of content, and drug uniformity. The pectin from Citrus maxima has been successfully extracted to produce high purity and to include the type of HMP. Orodispersible film DH has been made and has met compendial standard parameters as they showed to have disintegration time of 48.5-59 seconds, a tensile strength of 20.59-32.45 kg/cm2, and elongation of 38.8-44%. The results showed that the increasing concentration of Citrus maxima pectin will accelerate the disintegration time, increase the elongation, and decrease the tensile strength.

Anti Aging dosage which form formulas that contain antioxidants are important to be developed. Grapeseed oil (GSO) has a higher antioxidant capacity than other parts of grapes at 42.18 mmol of Trolox equivalent/g. This study aims to develop a peel-off mask formula containing GSO in the emulgel system with Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent. Emulgel was made in four formulas (F1-F4) with 1-4% HPMC concentrations and one control formula (F0) of 3% HPMC without GSO. This was then evaluated for homogeneity and phase separation (centrifugation and freeze-thaw methods). Physical stability was observed during 28 days of storage with various parameters including organoleptic, pH, drying time, spreadability, viscosity, rheological flow, tensile strength, and elongation. The evaluation results showed that the emulgel was homogeneous and did not undergo phase separation by centrifuge and freeze-thaw. During the storage period, the five emulgel pH was within acceptable ranges, and there was no significant change in viscosity at 25C. Meanwhile, at 40°C, there was a trend of decreasing viscosity. Moreover, HPMC based GSO emulgel showed good physicochemical stability during the storage period at 25°C and 40°C for 4 weeks. In summary, the developed GSO emulgel are good candidates for topical peel-off mask in anti aging dosage form.

DFMA technique can be applied throughout the development process, but if it aims to get big profits, DFMA must be able to be applied in the concept of developing and developing prototypes from the design and development process. One DFMA analysis of semi-automatic soy milk filtering equipment can find out the results of semi-automatic soy milk filter analysis.

This research method: planning 2D & 3D design tools, producing, assembling & testing tools, arranging and calculating the influence of Design For Manufacturing & Assembly & Assembly (DFMA) includes assembly time, component costs and production costs.

The assembly of semi-automatic soy milk filter equipment takes 22.45 minutes and in the supporting components and component costs Rp. 3,695,000; - and production costs Rp.85,824, assembly time based on DFMA analysis produces 40% efficiency.

This experimental research is arranged in a 2 ^ 3 factorial form using a tolerance level (α) of 5% so that the rejection zone rule will lie at the p-value of the anova output, the length of fermentation incubation time and the average yield of the type of substrate and alcohol content, type of substrate against long fermentation. The interaction plots of substrate types of banana king hump, banana kepok hump, banana milk hump and fermentation time are 96 hours, 144 hours, 196 hours. The output of banana king hump substrate has a mean low quality level of 55,720 fermentation time of 96 hours, the output of banana king hump substrate, the mean level of medium quality, average alcohol content is the mean value of 61,648 fermentation time of 144 hours. Interaction factor of alcohol content, mean best quality level, average alcohol content of banana king hump substrate mean 62,503 fermentation time 196 hours. The best quality bioethanol content level is the type of substrate of banana king hump, fermentation time of 196 hours.

Lettuce is a vegetable that is easily cultivated and can be a source of essential vitamins and minerals for the body. This study aims to determine the effect of using tofu wastewater as a nutrient addition to hydroponic media on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The method used in this study was an experimental method with a randomized block design (RBD) of 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatments were P₀ (0 ml POC + 60 ml AB mix/kontrol), P₁ (20 ml POC + 40 ml AB mix), P₂ (30 ml POC + 30 ml AB mix), P₃ (40 ml POC + 20 ml AB mix), dan P₄ (60 ml POC + 0 ml AB mix). The research data were analyzed using the normality and homogeneity tests as a prerequisite test. These were then followed by the ANAVA and LSD tests at the 5% level. The application of tofu wastewater as a nutrient addition in P₂ treatment had the best results with an average plant height of 22.55 cm, wet weight of 5.73 g, and dry weight of 0.34 g. Therefore, it can be concluded that the utilization of tofu wastewater as a nutrient addition to hydroponic media affected the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).

One of the fishery commodities in the mangrove forest area that has the potential to be cultivated in the mangrove crab (Scylla serrata). The local and international market demand for soft shell mud crab from year to year tends to increase. Most of the efforts to meet the needs of softshell crab still rely on catches from nature where availability is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the long molting time of mud crab (Scylla serrata) fed trash feed and feed fed with spinach extract using natural methods and popeye. This research is experimental using a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of the natural method with trash feed, the natural method with spinach extract feed, the popeye method with trash feed, and the popeye method with spinach extract feed. The crabs used are mud crabs with the hard carapace. The test parameter is the length of time for mud crab molting, which is calculated starting from the hard-shelled crab to molting. The data obtained in the form of differences in the length of time for mud crab molting using various treatments were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results of this study indicate that the popeye method with spinach extract feed is the treatment that produces the best molting time, which is 14-21 days compared to other treatments.

Rebon Shrimp Paste (RSP) in Indonesia uses different percentages of salt addition, ranging from 2 to 20% or not at all. This study aims to determine the influence of different salt concentration (5%, 10%, 15% and without salt) on the quality of RSP organoleptic, microbiological and chemical. This research was conducted in Munjung Agung, Tegal and Cirebon Fisheries Product Quality Testing and Application Laboratory. The results showed that the addition of different salt concentration (5%, 10%,15% and without salt) affected the quality of organoleptics, microbiology, and chemistry. Organoleptic quality with salt concentration of 5% and 10% favored panelists with an average value of 6.8 (not yet meeting Indonesian National Standards). The highest water content value is found in RSP that are not added salt (40,19%-43,22%) and lowest at 15% salt concentration (31,12%-34,82%) in accordance with the SNI. E.Coli and Salmonella growth was negative in all four samples and didn't different materially, according to SNI standard 2716.1:2009. The best increase in salt concentration in the study was 5%, with an average organoleptic value of 6.8 in the coliform contamination sample A2 APM/g < 3, negative E.Coli and Salmonela with a water content value of 39.15.

Tofu waste is a byproduct of tofu processing that cannot be just thrown away as it can pollute the waters. In this study, a laboratory-scale test was carried out on tofu waste produced from tofu factories in the Cirebon area. In this tofu waste treatment, activated sludge was used where the waste water was put into an anaerobic reactor with various incubation times. The reduction of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) for tofu wastewater treatment was carried out using the K₂Cr₂O₇ oxidizer and anaerobic reactor with an insulated reactor. Afterwards, the anaerobic effluent was collected into the aerobic reactor using broken bricks. Experiment variations were carried out in anaerobic reactors, namely: sludge variation (1/2 and 1/3) and residence time variations, namely: 2 days, 4 days and 6 days. Measurements were taken at 3 points, namely: influent, anaerobic effluent and aerobic effluent. Based on the research, the highest decrease in anaerobic efficiency was 68.8% in the condition of ½ sludge volume and 2 days residence time. As for the aerobic efficiency, it was 48.9% in the conditions of 1/3 sludge volume and 6 days residence time. Meanwhile, the highest decrease in COD levels was 79.4% in the swab condition as much as 1/3 in the 6-day incubation time.

Research occurred to manufacture microcapsule feed made by a local material like duck eggs and earthworms. These ingredients contain sufficient protein to support the growth of fish cork seed. The research was conducted for one month at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Pekalongan University. This study aims to determine the effect of microcapsules enriched with earthworms on snakehead fish seeds' growth. The use of earthworms with duck eggs is forming granules with sizes ranging from 20 µm-120 µm, which are rounded as microcapsules feed. The research method used was experimental, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatments of 0 ml / l (A), 4 ml / l (B), 6 ml / l (C), 8 ml / l (D) and 10 ml. / l (E). The results showed that the microcapsule feed with different earthworm extract doses had a significant effect (F hit > F tab). The best treatment was at a dose of 10 ml (E) earthworms with a biomass weight of 0.46 grams. The supporting parameter is water quality in a temperature of 27-30oC and a pH of 7.4-7.9 to complete the cultivation of snakehead fish seeds.

Wet leaves that are decomposed with mud can cause the leaf tissue to peel and become transparent. This scientific study aims to determine the effect of various mud media from rivers, ponds and gutters on the flaking of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaf tissue. This study uses 3 variations of mud taken from river ponds and ditches designed using the RAL design (Complete Randomized Design). Each mud medium in a container was filled with fresh soursop leaves with the leaf criteria of the fourth node of each tree branch. The Kruskal Wallis hypothesis test with a significance level of 0.05 was used in making decisions, which was then continued with the LSD test to determine the difference in effect between treatments. In the calculation of the peeling percentage of leaf tissue, it was found that the river and pond mud soaking media had a percentage of 100% and only 6.9% of the gutter, which means that river and pond mud had good potential as a medium for leaf fermentation. In the immersion photo, it was found that the river mud had more complete stripping of tissue. The exfoliating quality of leaf tissue in this study was influenced by the type of sludge medium and its pH.

As an alternative innovation for refined flour substitutes, pumpkin needs to be processed into flour which is more durable when stored and practical for further processing. This study aims to determine the chemical composition and morphological characteristics of pumpkin flour that has been processed using the method of shard gourd from pumpkin fruit, and to determine the yield in pumpkin flour processing. The making of pumpkin flour is done by cutting the pumpkin fruit which has been cleaned and separated from the skin and buds. The grated pulp is then cut into small pieces, dried, floured, and sieved in 110 mesh sizes. The yield of pumpkin flour obtained from processing from pumpkin fruit is 5-10%. The chemical composition of pumpkin flour produced has a water content of 6.9%, 22.8% protein content, 1.1% fat content, 5.7% ash content, 47.4% starch content, and 22.1% food fiber content. The chemical composition indicates that pumpkin flour is suitable to be processed into pumpkin sponge which is rich in nutrients and food fiber.

Land use regardless of conservation treatments can cause lasting damage to cultivated land. This has resulted in land degradation and serious problems for community management of critical land. The aim of this research is to actualize local community participation in critical land management in Gorontalo. This study used a literature review and observational approach by conducting discussions with the rehabilitation community. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative, by conducting data acquisition including information gathering, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (a) photographing the sustainability of critical land rehabilitation can be initiated by providing a demonstration plot of sample gardens managed using a participatory method. This increases the responsibility and authority of local communities. Types of plants are selected based on community needs in fulfilling their daily needs and associated with traditional ceremonies; (b) brainstorming on community participation shows its attention to planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. In general, the community needs continuous assistance, socialization, and additional rehabilitation funds. The management process prioritizes the "Huyula" tradition, by mobilizing community leaders and the cooperation of various stakeholders in its actualization; and (c) the failure of the project-based rehabilitation idea has resulted in the reality of stagnation and weakening of local community authority. Participation maneuvers decreased dramatically with the restraint of top-down patterns. Therefore, the transformation is carried out by doing integrated management between various government and private sectors. More importantly, the community should be managed in the framework of empowerment, because the nature, uniqueness and characteristics of the community are different, which give rise to various social institutions. In Gorontalo, the huyula spirit and customary series can be a motivator in managing critical land rehabilitation and greening the environment. Therefore, this idea needs to be supported and the formation of academic papers and village regulations that can be binding in the implementation of rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of land use change on regional development in Deli Serdang Regency and to analyze the effect of land use change through community empowerment on regional development in Deli Serdang Regency. The research design used exploratory research and descriptive research. This research was conducted in the area of Deli Serdang Regency with boundaries on areas that have changed land functions. The research area includes 5 districts, namely Sunggal District, Namorambe District, Hamparan Perak District, Pancur Batu District and STM Hilir District. The design of this study is a study looking at independent variables that directly affect land use change and through community empowerment towards regional development. Data analysis with moderating analysis. Overall the results of data processing by conducting suitability tests and statistical tests. The result of this research is that land conversion has a significant positive effect on regional development in Deli Serdang Regency. Community empowerment can moderate the effect of land use change in a significant positive manner on regional development in Deli Serdang Regency.

Sea cucumber cultivation is an alternative to anticipate the continuity of production due to overfishing. Maintenance environmental factors are important factors to consider in sea cucumber cultivation. A suitable location really supports the success of sea cucumber cultivation. This study aims to identify the main habitat and indicators in determining a suitable location for cultivation of Holothuria scabra. The study was located in the intertidal zone of the Watuar village seagrass ecosystem during May 2020 to October 2020. The results showed that the location of the Watuar village seagrass beds was suitable to be developed as a sea cucumber cultivation location with three main indicators, namely 35 cm depth (at low tide) and 195 cm (at the highest tide), the condition of the seagrass vegetation is moderate and is the natural habitat of H. scabra with the dominance of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprecchii with moderate density and the bottom substrate is muddy sand with particle size 100 µm of 96.7%.

In today's era, the use of natural antimicrobials such as plant extracts to preserve food processed products has received much attention from researchers. This is related to the increasing public awareness of synthetic chemical preservatives. Various types of plants have been stated to produce extracts that are effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria that destroy food processed products, such as atung seed ethyl acetate extract (Parinarium glaberrimum Hassk) Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aereus, while pathogenic bacteria are Escherechia coli, Salmonella enternidis; Guava leaf extract has a high tannin compound capable of suppressing the development of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in Gurame fish (Osphonemus gouramy Lacepede) with a concentration of 250 ppm-3250 ppm with a diameter of the inhibition zone ranging from 6.5-11.5 mm. The most effective solvent to extract antimicrobial compounds from the bark of Saccoglottis gabonensis is methanol; Rastina, 2015; Rahmawati & Bintari, 2014, extracting methanol from the bark of the bay plant with a concentration of 80% has the ability to inhibit the growth of Escherchia coli bacteria followed by ethanol from Bligo Fruit extract (B. hispida Thunb) which has good inhibitory power at a concentration of 10% against Staphylococcus typhimurium bacteria. 70% ethanol. Among the various types of solvents, ethanol and methanol solvents are most often used for the extraction of antibacterial compounds from plant materials.

Katuk is widely popular with its benefits for breastfeeding mothers. Katuk is also known as a plant with a high antioxidant content. This study aims to determine the effect of using variations in the ethanol concentration as an extracting solvent in producing Total Phenolics Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) and their activities in reducing DPPH free radicals. The dried katuk leaves were extracted by cold maceration method. The solvent used for extraction is ethanol with 3 variations in concentration: 50%, 70%, and 96% (absolute ethanol). TPC and TFC were determined by colorimetric method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. TPC was stated to be equivalent to gallic acid, while TFC was stated to be equivalent to quercetin. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was measured based on the IC50 value. The results showed that Katuk leaf extract produced from 50% ethanol solvent was able to produce TPC (42.18 ± 0.30 mg GAE / g), TFC (11.18 ± 0.38 mg QE / g) and reduction activity against DPPH radicals (IC50 = 88.33 ± 3.53 ppm). These were higher than ethanol with other concentrations. However, various things need to be considered when using this solvent given the high water content in the solvent.

The demand of oil not only has contributed the economy and foreign exchange of a country, it has also caused environmental pollution. The negative impact caused by the oil spills were due to the hydrocarbon compound or Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminates the environment. Oil contamination, despite of low concentration of hydrocarbon, affects the smell and taste of the groundwater. One of the alternatives to overcome environmental contamination from oil that is environmental-friendly is with bioremediation technology. The rehabilitation efforts of the oil-contaminated environment biologically with the bioremediation technology has an advantage as it is more environmental-friendly and the operational cost is more affordable than physics and chemical recovery techniques. This research utilizes study of literature and SWOT analysis to comprehend the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the use bioremediation. The outcome of analysis illustrated that bioremediation could reduce the TPH value as the bacteria could decompose the oil where it generally is difficult to be degraded. However, there is also potential use of microorganism utilized on bioremediation to mutate thus creating a new and unknown product that could harm the environment. The implementation of bioremediation technology examined by sustainable indicators still have weaknesses and threats that could be further examined so that the use of bioremediation could be implemented as one of the ways to have a sustainable oil spill cleanup.

Parkia biglobosa contains various ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The flavonoid content in kedawung is thought to have an antioxidant effect. Antioxidants have the ability to provide electrons, bind and have a free radical chain reaction chain. Currently, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method is widely used because extraction using MAE can increase the mass transfer rate of solutes from the sample matrix into the solvent compared to the Soxlet method. One of the factors affecting microwave-assisted extraction is temperature because a higher temperature will increase the solubility of the solute in the solvent. The temperature is limited by the boiling point of the solvent used. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the solvent in order to get the best extraction results. This method uses temperature variations to determine the highest levels of flavonoids from microwave-assisted extraction of leaves and bark of kedawung, the temperature used is 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C with ethanol solvent at a wavelength of 300 W. The results of this study say that there is an effect of temperature on the extraction results. microwave-assisted to the yield of kedawung leaf extract (Parkia biglobosa) at the best temperature of 40°C. Kedawung leaves (parkia biglobosa) have high levels of flavonoids so they have antioxidant activity.

Research on microencapsule formulation and evaluation of ethanol extract by spray drying method was carried out to determine the effect of chitosan addition. It is hoped that from this research, chitosan microcapsule preparations can increase the benefits and stability of the extract. Microcapsule evaluation includes: microcapsule water content test, microcapsule size distribution using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The microcapsules formed were characterized by antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) method and total phenol content (folin-ciocalteu method). The results of the morphological evaluation showed that the microcapsules were evenly spherical for all formulas and they had an average moisture content of 4,612 ± 0.02. The anti-oxidant activity of DPPH-SA increased with the increasing concentration of added chitosan. Micro encapsules of the extract without chitosan and with the addition of 0-1% chitosan has antioxidant activity of 85,876 ± 1,897% and 86,014 ±0.570-86,725 ±0.313. In the TPC (Total Phenol Content) test, the results were 5.00 ± 0.01% and 5.49 ± 0.01-8.98 ±0.02%. Based on the research, it could be concluded that the microencapsulation with the addition of chitosan was able to increase the stability of the extract so that the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content could be higher.

Centella asiatica is known to improve cognitive function, but its influence on several domains of cognitive function in dementia women is still limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of Centella asiatica on cognitive function in women elderly with dementia. Screening for dementia used an MMSE questionnaire (Mini-Mental State Examination) with a cut off of 23. The trial comprised the two groups: Centella Asiatica group (CAG) 1x500 mg/day and placebo control group (PCG) 1x500 mg/day. Thirty-nine women were included in this study with mean age 74 ± 10.05. The results showed that the CAG group was effective in increasing the semantic fluency domain (p < 0.001) and visual memory (p < 0.001) compared to PCG. Meanwhile, the phonemic fluency domain and the forward-backward digit span did not show a significant difference compared to the placebo control group. In conclusion, administration of Centella asiatica for 20 weeks is effective in increasing semantic fluency and visual memory in women elderly with dementia.

Indonesia is a fertile country with various kinds of herbal plants that can grow in it. This situation has led to the widespread use of herbs in society and has even become part of Indonesian culture. There are various empirical results from the use of herbal plants in Indonesia. Luffa acutangula (gambas) is one of the many plants found in Indonesia. This plant has been widely used in helping to treat various diseases. A journal search was conducted on the pharmacological activity of Luffa acutangula in the early stages of pre-clinical trials (in vitro and in vivo) and then presented in a literature review to prove the empirical benefits of this herb. The results of potential pharmacological activities of Luffa acutangula include antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antithyroid, hypoglycemic treatment, analgesic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and gastroprotective. The results of a literature review study on the pharmacological activity of Luffa acutangula show evidence of pre-clinical empirical benefits. It is hoped that by obtaining more comprehensive data like this literature study, it is hoped that it will serve to collect information on the use of Luffa acutangula as a medicinal preparation.

This study aims to see the effect of Kepok banana peel on the growth of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The research was conducted in the white oyster mushroom kumbung Sawangan, Depok between February and July 2018. The research method used was an experimental method with a research design using a completely randomized design (CRD). The study was conducted by giving 6 treatments and five replications where there were 3 parameters used, namely fresh weight, dry weight and number of oyster mushroom fruit bodies. The treatments referred to were treatment A (control), B (1 gram of Kepok banana peels), C (3 grams of Kepok banana peels), D (5 grams of Kepok banana peels), E (7 grams of Kepok banana peels), and F (9 grams of banana peel kepok). The results showed that the growth of white oyster mushrooms with D treatment had the most effect on mushroom weight and dry weight with an average of 62.38 grams and 6.35 grams. Whereas the number of fruiting bodies that had the most influence on treatment F was 16.9 grams. The results of the analysis of variance of one white oyster mushroom growth factor on the fresh weight parameter shows that F_hitung (9.46) > F_table (0,01) (3.90). This means that oyster growth was very significant and the dry weight parameter indicates that F_hitung ( 2.79) > F_table (0,05) (2.62), which indicates that the growth of oyster mushrooms was significant. The parameter of the number of fruiting bodies showed that F_hitung (5.06) > F_table (0,01) (3.90), which indicates that the oyster mushroom growth was significant. This proves that offering Kepok banana peels affects the growth of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus).

The use of medicinal plants in Bima communities has been widely practiced for a long time by parents and ancestors, however, this was usually not based on scientific understanding of the chemical contents in those medical plants. Consequently, in determining the standard amount of dosage relies on experience and hereditary habits. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial and phytochemical activity test of traditional medicinal plants in Bima community. Samples of medicinal plants used were Muntingia calabura, Phyllanthus urinaria, Ageratum conyzoides, Manilkara zapota and Momordica charantia. The results indicate that Muntingia calabura and Ageratum conyzoides contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, trpenoids, saponins and tannins with concentrations of 20.40 and 60 ml which have the ability to inhibit the activity of Staphylococcus aureus by producing an inhibitory zone that is classified as a very well with an average radius of the inhibition zone 14.47 ± 0.40 mm. Whilst, the phytochemical test result of medicinal plant extracts show that 4 plant samples contain flavonoid compounds, 1 sample does not contain flavonoids, 4 samples contain alkaloid compounds, 5 samples contain steroid compounds and terpenoids, 4 samples contain saponin compounds, and 1 sample does not contain saponins.

Krangkungan (Ipomea carnea ssp. Fistulosa) is a wild plant that has the ability to remediate wetlands polluted by toxic substances. Investigation of I. carnea's ability to survive and thrive on land exposed to Sidoarjo mud is needed to enrich information for future management. This study aims to determine the relationship of Sidoarjo mud concentration to 30% levels and incubation period of planting up to 70 days after planting on the growth rate and production of plant biomass. Sidoarjo mud-free krangkungan seedlings were transferred into polybags containing planting media with Sidoarjo mud composition and normal soil 0: 100%, 10: 90%, 20: 80%, and 30: 70% each as many as four plants. Observation of plant growth starts from 10 days after planting (HST) to 80 HST. The incubation period or observation time with the 10-day interval (10-70 HST) and sludge concentration are independent variables in the linear regression model related to growth and production of biomass as the dependent variable at the 5% real level. Linear regression analysis of data obtained using the SPSS statistical analysis package (version 18). Sidoarjo mud and incubation time affect the decrease in height growth rate, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and weight of I. carnea in 70 days after incubation of planting. I. carnea is able to grow well in soil mixed with mud up to a concentration of 30% even though the rate of growth and production of biomass decreases compared to lower mud concentration and without mud. Conservation of I. carnea on land that has been exposed to Siudoarjo mud has a prospect for the use of this weed for various purposes.

The type of septic tank material used can vary but must be impermeable to water. Septic tanks made of cast concrete but at the bottom are not cast and deliberately made seepage should not be used because they pollute from its seepage. The use of this particular material also directly impacts the service life and affects the performance of the septic tank even though there is no standard regarding its usage time limit. This research aims to identify the use of material and life service of the septic tank in Kelurahan Pademangan Barat, which is the area with the highest biological pollution of groundwater in the study conducted by BPLHD in 2015. The results of this research identified more than half of the respondents, as many as 65.99%, used septic tanks with partially cast concrete, 33.31% usefully cast material, and the rest from other types of materials. The highest yield was 29.60% had septic tanks that were more than ten years old. The rest is as much 22.66% not knowing the service life, 19.16% with service life 5-10 years of use, 11.53% with 3-5 years of use, and 17.06%, which are less than three years old.

The research aims to estimate soil moisture content using pedotransfer functions in drylands of Sumbawa Regency from March to July 2019. The research method used is descriptive-comparative design against the soils' physical properties in three different locations. Soil sampling is conducted through undisturbed soil sampling using sample rings for soil analysis and file input assembly and simulation using the Soil, Plant, Atmosphere, Water Field and Pond Hydrology Model (SPAW) program of Version 6.02.75. The soil sample analysis for soil physical properties is conducted at the Soil Physics Laboratory of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. The analysis results indicate that soil moisture characteristic values using PTFs method with minimum parameter inputs that include soil texture (sand and clay) and organic matter could be implemented in drylands. There are differences in the available moisture content between measurement at the laboratory and simulation. The available moisture values from the field result measured at the laboratory are far smaller than those of the simulation results. The values indicate a variation of 0.31-0.47 cm³/cm³ (KL) and 0.05-0.32 cm³/cm³ (TLP), AWC (0.11-0.17 cm³/cm³), and hydraulic conductivity (soil permeability) (0.19-6.45mm/hr) for all locations.

One Village One Product (OVOP) approach becomes one of society's movement that is integrated and aims to increase the sociaty's awarness towards the potential and the richness of their local or region's commodities. The research aims to identifie local commodities in the West Tobelo Municipality especially the agriculture commodities. The reason of choosing this region for this research due to the fact that it has better quality of commodities compare to other region on the North Halmahera Region. Therefore, the aim of this research is to further identify and then acknowledge which of these local commodities that have the potential to become the "premier or superior commodity". The methode used in this research is Location Quotient (LQ). The result shows that OVOP program is applicable in the West Tobelo Municipality, and this relates to many of the regions's potential sectors, thus, Wes Tobelo can be the platform for developing these commodities. The result also suggest, however, the lack of coordination involving the society and the local government on the importance of policy making that supports the development of local commodities, also the efforts to empower the society's human resources.

Parrot conservation has been carried out since these birds are threatened with extinction due to trade and habitat degradation. One of the conservation efforts to protect the population of fauna is in the form of the establishment of an Animal Park which can be managed by both the government and the private sector. One of the animal parks in South Sulawesi is the Bontomarannu Education Park, Sokkolia Village, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The purpose of this research, (1) To identify the bioecological aspects of the Cacatua sulphurea population and (2) To establish an Ex-situ conservation development strategy for the Cacatua sulphurea to be further carried out by the management of the Bontomarannu Education Park. Based on the results of bioecological studies and conservation development strategies, there was a change in daily behavior after dividing stheir cages, feeding behavior by giving a variety of feed and their breeding by separating each pair of cockatoos in one cage. The conservation development strategy that has been carried out with the result that several pairs of birds have mated and become a reference for best practice in endemic wildlife conservation efforts so that their habitat is similar to life in the wild and is able to survive and reproduce well.

Indonesia is an archipelago country that is very vulnerable to natural disasters, the government has made many efforts to prepare the community to face these risks, either directly or indirectly, although many efforts have been made, there are still many casualties that have occurred so that efforts are needed to prepare a more massive and integrated by involving various related sectors, thus preparedness and mitigation efforts can reach a wider community and facilitate the integration process with various fields by utilizing renewable geospatial technology. With a wide reach, there will be more benefits to the community, especially vulnerable groups, one of which is the youth group, which are vulnerable to experiencing reproductive health problems. The purpose of this study was to design and build a Geospatial Based Adolescent Reproductive Health Disaster Alert Information System in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). To obtain system requirements, data collection had been carried out through in-depth interviews with several stakeholders, followed by the design and development of information systems. The method of designing and developing an information system that was used was the prototyping method where the system was designed and developed in accordance with the identification of system requirements result. Based on the results of this disaster preparedness information system laboratory trial, all components of the information system can be run properly. It is hoped that this system can be tested directly at the field level and can be further developed, especially feature that support community involvement in the use of applications to improve disaster preparedness and mitigation.

Diffusion of innovation is one of the most needed in agribusiness farming. Many farmers failed to increase their income. Besides, they lost their income and even their land because they couldn't be able to solve their problems which the national development of agriculture business seemed impossible to overcome the problems and the obstacles to resolving thoroughly as the requirement needed more serious attention. The innovation was a key factor for agribusiness growth, development and the welfare of chili pepper farmer. Diffusion of chili pepper farming had given differences in innovativeness to determine the characteristic of the adopter categories. But the communication and adoption process could explain the need of diffusion of innovation. The important in diffusion was the time dimension in chronology and not as history. Innovation was treated as both products of contradiction and caused of new contradiction and the process of adoption as both being structured was changed after all. When a new idea adopted, the innovations required in the period of time to become available. A new technology as a smart technology adopted and transformed in a learning process. By having to identify and examining the WHY and HOWs of the interface the farmer and innovation systems would, therefore, create a very good intervention ground to make a rational use of resources and knowledge for the development of agribusiness farming systems.

Setia Kawan Group is the partner of Samawa University in the Partner Village Development Program (PPDM) in producing iodized salt. The assistance provided to the Setia Kawan Group aims to overcome the problems faced by the group, especially the low salt production quality and quantity as well as the low salt prices which affect their business's development negatively. The methods of carrying out PPDM activities include counseling, training, equipment procuring, and assisting. With assistance through PPDM, the quantity of salt production has increased to 40 tons. In terms of quality, the salt meets the requirements of iodized salt raw material. So far, Setia Kawan Group sells salt only in the form of Krosok salt at a price of Rp 2,000 per kg. The production of iodized salt will definitely increase the income of Setia Kawan Group. Iodized salt is sold at Rp. 3,000 per 400 grams. If it is calculated, the income of the Setia Kawan Group increased by Rp.5,500/Kg.

To overcome the solid waste problem, many city governments initiate and facilitate waste banks. Various studies have sought citizen participation in waste banks, but there is little attention to understanding how the coexistence of social capital can encourage waste banks' practice. This study, therefore, aims at examining the social capital of the urban communities in the business process of waste banks. We looked in-depth at the practice of six waste banks in Tanjungpinang City, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. A series of interviews were carried out on the stakeholders of waste banks, such as management, customers, citizens, and households. We suggest that a number of social capitals shape the business process of waste banks, including trust, norms, social networks, and gotong royong. This research has a novel for the study of community-based waste management by considering the urban community's social capital. Our study also has a worthy recommendation to the local government in managing waste management by corroborating social capital.

Garbage is a global problem that should be handled properly from the source to cut off the flow of waste. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the public about the importance of protecting the biosphere from waste and the application of an environmentally friendly lifestyle. The focus of this research is on the KerDUS Community of Kendal Regency as a community of environmental care volunteers who educate plastics, the environment, and ecobricks, as well as environmentally friendly lifestyles. This research is qualitative phenomenological research that reflects the activities of the KerDUS Community as a community that has succeeded in educating the people of Kendal Regency and its surroundings in reducing waste. Data comes from primary and secondary sources collected from interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The results showed 76% of the training participants had implemented the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) in their daily life both at home and outside the home. Offline workshop with snacks from environmentally friendly food and bring your own tumbler as a drinking place. Many participants have locked their plastic in an ecobrick to make it an environmentally friendly product that can be assembled and assembled.

Waste is a source of environmental pollution because it causes unpleasant odors, polluting water and soil and is seen as aesthetically reducing the beauty of the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of using vegetable waste as a nutrient addition to hydroponic media on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). The method used in this study was an experimental method with a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments with 6 repetitions, namely P0 (control), P1 (20ml POC + 40ml AB mix), P2 (30ml POC + 30ml AB mix), P3 (40 ml POC + 20 AB mix), and P4 (60 ml POC). This research was conducted at the Center for Agricultural Mechanism Development-Tangerang, Banten, and was conducted in March-July 2018. The observation variables were plant height, fresh weight, and plant dry weight. The research data were analyzed using the normality test and homogeneity test as a prerequisite. It was then tested with ANAVA test and the Leastest Significant Difference test 5% (LSD 5%). The results of this study indicated that the application of liquid organic fertilizer from vegetable waste to P2 with a dose of 30 ml POC + 30 ml AB mix gave the best results on plant height parameters with an average of 36.93 cm, fresh weight with an average of 41, 79 grams, and dry weight with an average of 2.34 grams. From this study, it can be concluded that the utilization of vegetable waste as an addition of nutrients to hydroponic media has an effect on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.).

The purpose of this study is to prove whether rainfall in Ambon City contains seasonal components based on the characteristics of monthly rainfall history data in Ambon City. The data used is monthly rainfall data in Ambon City 2005.01-2017.12. The data is time series data from the BMKG Meteorology Station observation in Maluku Province. The time series analysis method used is ARIMA / SARIMA and Holt-Winter Exponential Smoothing. The results of this study have a good level of accuracy, namely using the results of analysis based on the values of information criteria, Ljung-Box Test, and RMSE. The results of the analysis prove that rainfall in Ambon City has a seasonal pattern.

COVID-19 causes various kinds of life problems, including the occurrence of a global health crisis, social, psychological problems, and a prolonged economic crisis. Climate-related dynamics have an impact on patterns of human health and disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of climate on the outbreak of COVID-19. This study used a literature review approach on research on climate and Covid-19, using the Google Scholar, Scienceirect. The article taken was original research in the recent year. It was found that the effect of climate change had a significant relation to the increase in Covid-19 cases. Therefore, it can be concluded that climate is a risk factor for increasing the outbreak of the Covid-19 Virus. However, one previous study predicted that with a mathematical model that included human demographic conditions and mobility, it was concluded that a tropical climate could help inhibit the oubreak of the virus because tropical climatic condition could make the virus more volatile.

Climatic change has a great impact on the water cyclus, impacts on water resources, the frequency and intensity of floods because of high rainfall, the natural environment and human health. In this article, a survey of the effect of climatic change on waterborne diseases. Materials and Methods The keywords "climate change", "waterborne diseases" were used in combination with "or" and "and" by performing electronic searches on Google and Google Scholar. The search was operated with a publication year insulate among January 2019 and October 2020. Results: Of the 34 articles collected, 19 articles were excluded because they had no correlation, while 15 articles were submitted and met the inclusion criteria. The literature reviewed shows that, most of the research has been carried out in wealthy countries, and approximation of the effect of climatic change on waterborne diseases are uncertain for the following reasons: 1) Hesitation about the spread of disease through climate change due to changing rainfall patterns 2) Hesitation about direct and indirect connection among climatic and human health 3) Hesitation about the connection among climatic and waterborne diseases as a consequence of changes in health. Conclusion: The hesitation in this estimate has led to little research in this regard.

Temperatures higher that in the environment of work for workers diuar room very influential given the risk of the occurrence of an attack of fever Temperature High or known Heat Stroke. In the article is, do observation observation of patients with cases of heat stroke. This material and method Keyword "Heat Stroke", "handling patient heat stroke", "Hypothermia", "Injury Heart due to Heat Stroke" is used through a combination of "OR" and "AND" By conducting electronic searches on Google and Google Scholar and Pubmed. The search was carried out with a publication year limitation between January 2013 and October 2020. Results: 10 articles were collected and met the inclusion criteria. The literature review shows that, most of the research has been done in countries advanced, and is found in the article mentioned that the cases of heat stroke are still still high with cases penatalaksanan are different in each country.

Climate has an impact on the development of mosquito borne diseases, especially lymphatic filariasis. Erratic climate change can certainly cause a bad temperature in the natural environment and disturb human health. In this article, a survey of the impact climate change on filariasis. Materials or methods use review literature search by searching through emerald journals, journal journalists, journal proquests, and Pubmed. The keywords "climate change", "filariasis disease transmitted through mosquito borne diseases" were searched with various literature or reference articles. Results: From 30 literature collected, 18 articles were excluded because they had no correlation, while 12 articles were included and met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed literature shows that, most of the researchers have been carried out in developed countries, and presumption of the effect of climate metamorphosis on diseases spread by the Aedes Aegypti SP, Anopheles SP, Culex sp and Mansonia. Mosquitoes. Which is due to the following uncertainties: 1. Uncertainty about the spread of disease through climate change and poor environmental sanitation, 2. Uncertainty through behavior between the indirect relationship between climate and human health, 3. Uncertainty about the relationship between climate and disease which is transmitted through the intermediary mosquito borne disease.

Malaria is a dangerous infectious disease that is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria transmission is closely related to climatic conditions including temperature and rainfall. This article aims to review the impact of temperature and rainfall on the incidence of malaria. The method of this article is a systematic review. The search strategy was developed using the Pubmed, Google, and Google Scholar databases through the combination, terms and keywords "Temperature and malaria" and "Rainfall and malaria". The results obtained 14 articles that were reviewed. It can be conclude that high temperature and rainfall have an effect on the increase in malaria cases within a certain period of time. The results of the study support the need for an early warning system designed as a form of malaria prevention preparedness. Environmental factors, geographic conditions and regional spatial stratification, socio-economic factors and public health interventions related to incidents of malaria need to be investigated further.

The existence of climate change gives great concern to public health problems. In a review kal this, carried out observations on the article discusses the impact of climate change on the increase in cases of hepatitis A disease. Materials and Methods Keyword "Hepatitis A", "handling of patients and prevention", "Hepatitis A", "Hepatitis A due to climate change" is used through a combination of "OR" and "AND" to perform electronic search in Google and Google Scholar and Pubmed. The search was conducted with a publication year limitation between January 2012 and October 2020. Results: 6 articles were collected and met the inclusion criteria. The literature review shows that, most of the research has been done in countries advanced, and is found in the article mentioned that the cases of hepatitis A increases with extreme climate change in each country.

Increasing rice production has always been the target of the Indonesian government in maintaining food security. Fertilizer application is a widely accepted strategy to sustain or improve rice production. The use of fertilizers can also have an impact on climate change and decrease soil fertility. This study aims to examine whether the fertilizer application and climate change affect rice production in rural Java. This study applies Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model to analyze the primary data collected from 4 main rice producer areas in Central Java and East Java Province. The results show that the current seed use and organic fertilizer have positive impact on rice production. The current use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer has negative effect. Rainfall shock as a proxy of climate change does not have any effect to rice production. This is due to farmers in the study area already having mitigation strategy to avoid the negative impact of climate change, particularly rainfall shock.

People living in the coastal communities are first and foremost vulnerable to climate change, both socio-economically and environmentally. This paper discusses the adaptation strategies used by the local people of Banate Bay in combating the impacts of climate variability and change. A questionnaire was constructed and administered to the residents of the different communities along Banate Bay. Results showed that majority of the respondents are males, aged 30-40 years, married with no education, with less than five family members with the income of less than P50, 000 per annum and have stayed in the community for ten years but less than 20 years. In terms of respondents' perceptions on climate variability and change, all categories are rated and interpreted as strongly agree, which means that the respondents are knowledgeable and aware of the situation in relation to climate change and variability. On the causes of climate change variability and change the respondents were highly aware; this indicates that the respondents are knowledgeable of the causes of climate variability and change. Further, the study implies that people living in the coastal areas of Banate Bay are aware of the impacts of climate variability and change. The residents are highly aware of the adaptation strategies which will make them resilient to climate variability and change.

Globally, diarrhea has become the cause of death for more than 1.31 million people worldwide. Likewise for developing countries, diarrhea is a cause of mortality and morbidity. Direct or indirect incidence of diarrhea. can be caused by climate change itself. With diarrheal disease itself as a health problem that must be watched out, because every incidence of diarrhea will be a cause of morbidity and mortality not only in developing countries but throughout the world, with such cultivation, climate change also increases the likelihood of an increase in the incidence of diarrhea disease. The method used is a systematic review. This article includes a combination of the terms and keywords "climate and diarrhea", "Weather and diarrhea". The review results from the available journals show that there is a significant relationship between weather and climate with the distribution of diarrheal disease. The results of tracing through journal reviews show that weather or climate change is a triggering factor in the incidence of diarrhea, the role of climate change on the distribution and transmission of diarrheal disease provides insight into this relationship as well as interventions that can be taken to take preventive measures. The conclusion presented is that countries in the world, especially developing countries, must prepare measures to prevent diarrhea that occurs seasonally as a result of climate change and prepare health information to control the incidence of diarrhea around the world.

One of the factors that has an impact on life and threatens human health is climate. so has been significant climate change in recent decades. Infectious disease variety can be affected by climate change and will increase when risk of transmission. One of them is (TB)Tuberculosis has become equally interesting monitoringalongsympathizer data from various studies in various contruction and arrangement. (TB) Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacteria complex tuberculosis mycobabterium that can spread through tiny airborne droplets, which affect the lungs and spread by coughing or sneezing from one person to another. Tuberculosis can spread to other human organs classified the skin, intestines, sexual organs, urinary tract, and bones. With recent advances in case detection, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up care, tuberculosis is still commitments for an estimated 8.6 million new infections and 1.3 million deaths annually worldwide. The WHOassumptions that around 10 million people will have Tuberculosis worldwide in 2019. WHO sets a goal of reducing Tuberculosis morbidity and mortality by 90% and 95%, respectively, between 2015-2035. accurately predicts this epidemic trend. can help estimate peak likelihood and provide a reference for Tuberculosis prevention and control. The purpose of writing this review article is to determine the impact of climate change with the incidence of tuberculosis. The method in this study is a systematic review. The 10 articles obtained the combination, terms and keywords "climate, weather and disease" the result is that climate change creates new transmission opportunities for airborne infections in warm temperature. so that there is a relationship between air temperature and tuberculosis. Solutions to efforts to improve living standards and cutinterna air pollution may be as important as TB-specific observation. This broad public health and ecological emphasis provides broad and synergistic benefits to individuals and communities driven by tuberculosis. The new focus on the importance of Tuberculosis prevention will serve to receive both the profound social nature of the disease and the nature of our response which must be holistic.

The limestone mining area is a karst area that has an important ecological function as a water conservation area. After the mining process, the ex-mining area becomes critical land that is poor in nutrients, decreases soil microbial diversity, increases soil pH and temperature. This study aimed to examine the use of conventional and block compost based on plant height parameters and stem diameter. Block compost was made using the bokashi method with the ingredient of teak leaf litter (Tectona grandis). The composition of leaf litter (30%), manure (40%), and sawdust (30%). Block compost is made by adding adhesive and it is made using a pressing device. Block compost application on plants is very effective compared without block compost. The average plant height with block compost is 163.2 cm, while without block compost is 27 cm. the average of stem growth diameter of plants with block compost of 1.61 cm, while without block compost was 0.71 cm. This shows that block compost is a solution in mining land reclamation.