Table of contents

This year, Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development (JESSD) is proud to hold its first international virtual symposium, featuring world-class speakers and editors worldwide. We were incredibly honored to have invited Prof. Shabbir H Gheewala, D. Eng. from King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand; Mari E. Mulyani, D.Phil. from University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Dr. Stefanie Steinebach from HAWK-HHG (Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst-Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen), Germany; Prof. Dr. Ing. Ir. Misri Gozan, M.Tech. from Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marlia Mohd Hanafiah from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia; Ian D. Hollingsworth, Ph.D. from Horizon Environmental Soil Survey and Evaluation Darwin, Australia; Nurdiana Darus from Unilever Indonesia; Dr. Ir. Haruki Agustina, M. Env Eng. Sc. From Director for Contamination Recovery and Emergency Response of Hazardous Waste, KLHK Indonesia; Dr. Yuki M. A. Wardhana from School of Environmental Science UI and Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee Fund-IIGF/PT Penjaminan Infrastruktur Indonesia-Persero, Indonesia; Prof. Ir. Widjojo Adi Prakoso, M.Sc., Ph.D from Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia;. Dr Karen Lythgoe from Earth Observatory of Singapore; Walter Mooney Ph.D from U.S. Geological Survey, USA and Dr. Supriyanto Rohadi Center for Research and Development Center, BMKG (Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics), Indoneia.

The symposium was held in virtual format due to related restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic. I appreciate everyone's participation in the first JESSD Symposium: International Symposium of Earth, Energy, Environmental Science, and Sustainable Development, despite the restrictive situation caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Instead of being postponed, this symposium was conducted virtually to response to emerging issues mainly related to earth science, energy, environmental science, and sustainability. Moreover, this symposium also facilitates the publications of qualified research on COVID-19 to contribute to the global response towards the pandemic situation.

This symposium is slightly different with previous symposium and conference held last year. By making the best use of development in telecommunication platforms, we are able to gather virtually to share our insights and progresses covering numerous subjects ranging from: the broad earth science, energy, and environmental science, to more specific topics on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the special issues of COVID-19 Research as well as Community Engagement for Better Environment. This symposium utilized Zoom, a widely known cloud-based video conferencing tool, as its telecommunication platform.

The symposium was held on 28–30 September 2020. Committees are based in School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. The symposium consists of plenary sessions and parallel sessions. The plenary sessions include keynote speech from various experts in related fields. The topics of the plenary sessions are considered purposeful in today's agenda, such as life cycle assessment of biofuels, environmental governance in developing countries, smallholder palm oil and sustainability, collaborative scheme of solid waste management, alternative financing for waste management, plastic recycling, disaster management, and many more. Meanwhile, the parallel sessions facilitate the authors/presenters to discuss about their research in a smaller group based on the topic grouping. Each author/presenter was given up to 9 minutes for presentation and 3 minutes for question and answer. Quick questions were addressed right after each presentation, but longer questions were compiled and discussed at the end of the session. The session was wrapped up by the moderator in his/her closing remarks. The participants (presenters) are coming from 25 different countries all around the world, including: Indonesia, India, Japan, Bulgaria, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Pakistan, Poland, Colombia, Iran, Romania, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Finland, Vietnam, Philippines, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Netherlands, Morocco, Thailand, United Kingdom, Republic of Tajikistan, Brazil, and Ethiopia. Participant (presenter) numbers are 270.

We are glad that we received lots of submissions from the symposium and selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after reviewed them using the double-blind peer review procedure. The symposium is considered successful. Signal loss and some technical issues happened during parallel sessions but had been well and quickly addressed by technical assistants, without causing any significant delay. I express my deep gratitude to the Chairman, all distinguished keynote speakers, committees, reviewers, and all the participants, for their time, hard work, and contribution to support this symposium during this challenging time. I would like to take this opportunity also to express my gratitude for our sponsors, Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk, and PT Larus Birus Utama, for sponsoring the main events, as well as APIKI Indonesia Network (Jaringan Ahli Perubahan Iklim dan Kehutanan Indonesia) and BMKG (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika) for conducting the joined session. Last but not the least, we send our sincere thanks to the IOP publisher for publishing the proceedings.

Depok, 28 September 2020 Editor-in-Chief,

Dr. Herdis Herdiansyah

List of committees are available in the pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double-blind

• Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers. Was there the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions? There are five main criteria: relevance to the conference topic, importance of the research/state-of-the-art, proper methodology, arguments and conclusions, and academic writing quality. All the criteria are included in the substantial review form (attached) provided for the reviewers. Organizers also prepared a technical review form (attached) to assess the compliance with IOP template and guidelines and to inform the result of plagiarism check. There was the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions, up to a maximum of two (2) times based on two (2) substantial reviews.

• Conference submission management system: Universitas Indonesia online conference system (https://symposiumjessd.ui.ac.id/online-submission/). the complete submission guidelines are available in following link https://symposiumjessd.ui.ac.id/guideline/

• Number of submissions received: 270

• Number of submissions sent for review: 270

• Number of submissions accepted: 140

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 51.85%

• Average number of reviews per paper: 1–2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 115

• Any additional info on review process (ie plagiarism check system): Review process was done in 8-14 days. One reviewer might review up to two (2) articles.

• Contact person for queries: Herdis Herdiansyah, School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, e-mail: herdis@ui.ac.id

Additional information are available in the pdf.

The learning process during pandemic Covid-19 is done online to suppress the spread. The current pandemic conditions the role of information technology is significant in online learning. The purpose of this study is to find out "Utilization of Information Technology for Online Learning in Covid-19 Disaster Conditions". This research uses qualitative and quantitative surveys. Data sources are lecturers and students in the Geography Study Program at Lambung Mangkurat University. Online learning here uses e-Learning, Google Class, WhatsApp, Zoom, other information media and internet networks that can connect lecturers and students. The findings of this study are that information technology strongly supports the success of online learning in Covid-19 disaster conditions. The limitations of this study limit the information technology understudy and define the learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic in certain subjects. The results showed that the use of information technology is significant to support the success of online learning in Covid-19 pandemic conditions. The most widely used are E-learning and Watsapp. Whatsapp is most effective used as a medium in online learning because it does not require large quotas and good signals. The obstacles are some students in remote areas, and the ability to buy a variety of quotas.

Emissions reduction policies for pollutant companies in Australia has become one issue that divides society and parliament. This study discusses the causes of the shifting of the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), a carbon pricing policy by the Australian Labor Party to the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) by the Coalition. This study used the political exchange concept by Bruno Dente which describes a mutually beneficial relationship between the Coalition (consisting of the Liberal Party and National Party) with business groups. In addition, Carter A. Wilson's theory of policy regimes and policy regime change was used to see the presence of interest groups and stages in policy shifts. This study used a qualitative approach by collecting data from literature studies and the Australian institution's website, Hansard. Based on the findings, political exchange between the Coalition and business groups encourages the creation of conditions where stressors / enablers, legitimacy crisis, and power shifts occur. The Coalition as opposition then weakens the ETS policy regime by the reigning Australian Labor Party (ALP). After the Coalition won the election, there was an ETS policy shift by ALP to become an ERF which passed through the House of Representatives and Senate, and was approved by Governor General in 2014.

Indonesia is facing not only a severe problem of solid waste management and river sustainability but also a lack of community awareness in managing the environment. This paper explores community engagement activities conducted in Bintang Alam, Karawang, Indonesia, to improve the community concern regarding the Citarum River, which is located close to the community under study. This community of Bintang Alam has been involved in constructing a trail along the river to provide a shortcut from a housing complex to the nearest mosque and planting fruit trees along the riverbank. The waste composition was analyzed by Indonesia Standard of SNI 19.3964.1994. To reduce the amount of waste disposed of in the river and landfills, the residents favor the development of a waste bank. Eight months of observation documented excellent progress in residents' awareness of the importance of managing the trail, eliminating waste disposed of along the river banks, but no improvement in developing a waste bank. It has been suggested that community engagement involving multiyear grants might make more continuous advocacy in the community possible. The characteristics of funding, which is in the form of a grant with a prescribed deadline, often hinder sustainable advocacy.

The Indonesian batik is a potential product to support the economy of Indonesia. In spite of its potential in supporting the economy of Indonesia, the water pollution caused by batik production by Small & Mediuam Enterprises (SMEs) needs to be addressed, as it leads to water scarcity since the batik production tends to consume a huge quantity of water. This research was conducted to identify key factors that influence water use for batik production among batik craftsmen, and explain those factors using the concept of circular economy. This study was conducted using qualitative method through focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview as data collection strategies and quantitative data collected as secondary data. Our study found that some practices of the batik craftsmen have shown to fit to the circular cycle, although the dischargement of wastewater into waterways still fits to the linear model. Using secondary data, the direct water use for batik production were varies from 3.33 L/pc to 235 L/pc, depending on the craftsmen. If water footprint approach is to be used, the water use will be much higher. Finally, four key factors affecting the water use are discussed in this study and efforts that can be proposed to reduce the ratio water/product as well as maintaining water as a resource, as indicated by circular economy.

Cipanunjang-Cileunca reservoir is one of the raw water sources for the Drinking Water Supply System of Bandung City and Bandung District. The total raw water need for both area is 1.66 m³/s. It is known that discharge data estimation is essential for the successful management of the reservoir. This study estimate the future discharge of the Cipanunjang-Cileunca Reservoir using a spatial correlation method, also known as the continuous method. Before the discharge was estimated, the mainstay discharge was first calculated in each reservoir. We found that the mainstay discharge for the raw water in Cipanunjang Reservoir was 0.86 m³/s, while in Cileunca Reservoir was 0.34 m³/s. This study also calculated the sufficient reservoir volume using discharge data from 2000 to 2017, and found that there was a decrease of reservoir volume: from 22 million m³ to 18.7 million m³ at Cipanunjang Reservoir, and from 11 million m³ to 9.5 million m³ at Cileunca Reservoir. Discharge estimation using a continuous method showed a correlation between historic discharges, which was 0.87 for Cipanunjang Reservoir and 0.83 for Cileunca Reservoir. This shows that the discharge estimation model using a continuous method, which had a value close to 1, could estimate future discharge.

El Niño-La Niña effected climate conditions in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the SST during El Niño-La Niña. The data used is the ENSO index SST Niño 3.4 anomaly in 1986-2017 and also SST data in the year of the El Niño-La Niña event with weak, moderate, and strong. It found that SST tended to be higher during El Niño than its normal average in the Java Sea by 29°C, while the normal SST is 28.94°C. La Niña SST in the Java Sea has an average of 29.06°C which is 0,6°C warmer than its normal average temperature. It can be concluded that El Niño-La Niña conditions do not greatly affect SST in the Java Sea. SST tends to be warmer during El Niño-La Niña than its normal average in the Java Sea. The average of SST is lower/cooler at 109.5-110.5° East Longitude than that of at the other longitudes. This is due to the mixing current of the cold water mass flow from the South China Sea with the mass of water from the Makassar Strait, each of which carries nutrients.

As one of the supporters of sustainable development is an effort to fulfill food needs realized through the agricultural sector. However, the current agricultural system mostly uses chemical pesticides, especially in urban agriculture. This is done as an effort to maintain agricultural production and fulfill food needs in urban areas. Even though food needs are met, food security is not yet fulfilled. In solving this problem, the Indonesian Government has created a program that aims at agricultural development, namely Eco-friendly agriculture. Regarding Law Number 22 the Year 2019 Article 48 Concerning Integrated Pest Management, which provides directions such as counseling on Eco-friendly agriculture. In this case, the bioactivity of organic pesticides or biopesticides is the main factor of agriculture. The study is carried out by the Technical Implementing Unit to conduct trials to obtain suitable organic pesticides. The in-silico approach can be used as one of the primary methods to support Government programs. This approach can be used to simulate drug discovery and to determine its bioactivity by performing molecular docking. This study concludes that the in-silico approach has the potential to support Government programs to realize Eco-friendly agriculture as an initial technical effort of the program.

In recent years, Indonesian people's awareness of environmentally friendly products has begun to increase. This could be indicated when in 2015 The Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia launched the SNI Ekolabel, a standard for environmentally friendly products based on the condition of Indonesia. Moreover, in late of 2017, some of the building experts launched Green Label Indonesia, an ecolabel that more focuses on building products and materials. These two standards are intended to bolster the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially number 12. The problem is the number of the products that has been certified is still low. Through this research, it will be seen what factors drive a company to register its products on Ecolabel certification scheme. Where will be examined through a literature review with related themes and formulated models for further analysis with the Structured Equation Model (SEM). Then the SEM results will be used for the strategies selection that is calculated using the TOPSIS and IPA methods. The results of this research could be concluded, the best strategies to increase the company that applies to Eco-label are the strategies that are related to how to get a better profit and company image with Ecolabel.

This study aims to determine environmental conditions, environmental management, environmental management strategies of PT. X in controlling environmental pollution. This research was conducted at PT.X Cilegon Banten shipyard in marine ship repair activities. This research uses a quantitative approach with cross-sectional. The research method in analyzing this research is a mixed method with survey methods and laboratory analysis. Manage strategies using questionnaires and interviews. Environmental quality data analysis uses predetermined quality standards and management strategies use SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat). The results of environmental quality research of PT. X show the status of the environment that is heavily polluted to meet quality standards. The concentrations of heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn and Cu have exceeded the standard of quality at 3 stations and analysis of the quality of dust in the air in the shipyard area and around the shipyard occurs air pollution caused by the use of silica sand in the sandbalsting process. Evaluation of the company's commitment in managing the work environment based on knowledge and attitudes is considered good by employees towards environmental management. The strategy carried out in environmental management at PT.X which was produced by researchers using the SWOT method, namely by increasing guidance and coordination in environmental management by forming an environmental division to reduce the impact of ship repair activities at the PT.X.

Power-to-green urea is the concept of urea production using hydrogen from photovoltaic (PV)-electrolysis; a promising option for remote area that do not have natural gas reserves. In this study techno-economic analysis of a small-scaled power-to-green urea plant is conducted with the purpose of obtaining energy efficiency of the system, specific energy consumption, and urea price. Process simulation is carried out by using Aspen Plus and green urea price is calculated using cash flow with 4 schemes. Scheme 1 uses investment cost of technology in 2019, scheme 2 is modification of scheme 1 with additional revenue through clean development mechanisms (CDM), scheme 3 uses investment cost of technology in 2030 and 2050, and scheme 4 is a combination of scheme 2 and 3. The obtained result shows the system efficiency of 7.9% and specific energy consumption of 109 GJ/MT urea. The price of green urea with Scheme 1, 2, 3, and 4 in order are 2342, 2320, 2026 and 1704, as well as 2004 and 1682 USD/MT urea, respectively. Power-to-green urea could not compete economically with conventional large-scale urea; however, due to its stable price and easily acquired raw material it is still highly relevant for remote areas in the future.

As of 2017, only 47% of Sukmajaya Sub-district's waste was collected and transported. The City of Depok targeted to improve this rate to 73% by 2020. This research aims to evaluate the waste collection system in Sukmajaya Sub-district. Data were collected from government agencies, interviews, and field surveys. Data analysis was conducted using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). Results showed that waste generation in Sukmajaya Sub-district was divided into three categories based on its quantity: three villages generated more than 150 m³ waste/day, two villages generated 50-100 m³ waste/day, and one village generated lower than 50 m³ waste/day. Sukmajaya Sub-district had three types of residential waste collection models: indirect individual physical Waste Collection Point (WCP), indirect individual non-physical WCP, and direct individual door to door. Evaluation revealed four out of six existing physical WCP facilities were suitable in terms of spatial and physical conditions and posed low threat to pollute the surrounding environment.

River water pollution in the Upper Citarum Watershed is increasingly being reported, research shows that the quality of river water has decreased drastically where along the 127 km or 47.1% of the Citarum river has been heavily polluted, it is estimated that every day the Citarum River accommodates 280 tons of waste. There are 31 water quality monitoring stations in the Upper Citarum Watershed: Cisanti Springs, Situ Cisanti, Bd. Wangisagara, Majalaya, Cengkrong, Solokan Jeruk, Sapan, Peundeuy, Komp. Radio, Cisirung, Pataruman, Kamasan, Dayeuh Kolot, Jb. Cilampeni, Cukang Genteng, Sadu, Nanjung, Citarum Kp. Pariang Pojok, Kertajaya, Cb. Bungin Leuwigajah, Cimahi Cihujung, Teras Cikapundung, Sukapada, Cikapundung Asia-Africa, Cinambo, Ciwastra, Jatiroke, Cikuda, Cikijing, Cimanggung, and Sindang Pakuon. Based on data analysis obtained from BBWS Citarum, data from 2011-2019 are obtained. This research aims to determine water quality status using STORET method in the Upper Citarum Watershed as indicator of environment pollution. This research method is quantitative, using the STORET method. The results show that the water quality conditions are heavily polluted, so it is necessary to make various efforts to tackle the pollution that occurs regularly, one of the ways is revitalization.

Dryland agriculture produces agricultural commodities in the food and plantation sectors. However, the potential for dryland agriculture in Indonesia is one of the agricultural bases, which is also threatened by climate anomalies. This research aims to examine one of the climatic factors, namely Land Surface Temperature (LST), which is influenced by environmental carrying capacity factors, namely the vegetation index on the productivity of dryland agriculture. The vegetation indexes used are NDVI, SAVI, and EVI, using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI imagery for 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019 then analyzed by statistical regression tests. Another data used are temperature comparison data from the Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia as known as Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG), agricultural productivity data from Statistics Indonesia as known as Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), and Agricultural Counseling Agency of Nangapanda District as known as Badan Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP). The result obtained from this research is that there is a significant inverse relationship between the vegetation index and LST. Later, the increase in LST can cause a decrease in the productivity of dryland agriculture.

Oil palm is a very common commodity in rural communities of Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia, and the farming activities in these areas create a high multiplier effect and increase welfare. However, the expansion of oil palm areas puts pressure on forests and resources. The research was carried out through a survey using the developmental research method. Efforts to implement sustainable development in the plantation sector need to be carried out to develop palm in the second cycle. One of the efforts is to implement agroforestry by planting forestry plants between oil palm trees, namely meranti trees (Shorea leprosula Miq). The model for the development of meranti is a monoculture palm plantation that is integrated with meranti trees. This has ecological, economic, and social benefits, following the basic concepts of environmental management. Planting copper meranti between palm trees has multiple benefits for the community, such as wood production. Planting copper meranti between oil palm trees has multiple benefits for the community, timber production as additional income for farmer families.

West Papua is one of the Indonesian remaining forest frontiers expected to contribute greatly to countries' climate commitments. Although fast economic growth in West Papua may results in high emission to the environment, especially in the energy sector. This study aimed to simulate the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) linked to Emission variables and integrate climate-smart development. The dynamic system model will integrate the influencing factors such as GRDP, capital, investment, and emission in West Papua. The modeling stage comprises of concept drafting, modeling, model simulation, and validation process. Powersim 10 is used to run the model. A causal loop diagram of the initial model scenario is formed of one variable is positive (reinforcing). Modeling results has been declared valid by the AME value of 4,96%. The implementation of NDC 41% in the economic sector will cut GRDP to approximately a half than business as usual GRDP. Based on the initial scenario, the model simulations indicate that the CO₂ emission along the simulation period is defined to the year 2030, about 14,397,034,50 tonCO₂/year on average. After the structural intervention is conducted, the CO₂ emission decrease up to 25,6%, reducing emission according to NDC, 41% will correct the economy.

Solid waste is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With an increasing population and Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) of West Papua at 2.65% and 5.2% per annum, solid waste production will also be increased and GHG emissions. However, a specific amount of GHG emission in West Papua was yet to be determined due to the unavailability of solid waste generation across all districts within West Papua. This paper aims to assess solid waste generation by using a dynamic model system that involved total population and GDRP across West Papua as the main variables to measure the data above. This paper shows that 2 (two) scenarios to simulate the business as usual (BAU) process of existing waste management and proposed scenarios to reduce GHG emissions at a convenient level. Based on the BAU model, West Papua will produce 3.7 million tons of waste and 1.1 million tons CO2e in 2030. The proposed scenario suggests that West Papua should manage their waste of up to 118.297 tons/year to meet the NDC 29% emission reduction target. These models could be replicated to solve the same issues in different areas.

West Papua's tropical forests are one of the mega biodiversity in the Sahul Shelf ecoregion. The increasing economic growth has a déterrent impact on deforestation and forest degradation with the rate increased by 1.29% per year (2010-2018). Meanwhile, economic growth in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) reached 4.87% per year. This study aims to simulate carbon management from the forestry sector in West Papua into the long-term low-carbon sustainable development. This research uses a dynamic system method through Stock Flow Diagram (SDF) stage and model validation. The results showed that the forestry GRDP and emission based on the CM1 and CM2 scenarios calculated using emission reduction of 69.61% and 91.04% were determined by 0.28 and 0.09 times from BAU. The total GRDP and forestry GRDP decreased by 5.19% (CM1) and 6.59% (CM2) and 71.57% (CM1) and 90.93% (CM2). Under this scenario, West Papua could maintain a forest cover of more than 85%. The study concludes that the results of the BAU scenario predict forest cover of 70% in 2030. Simulations carried out with CM1 and CM2 reduction in emissions show that the achievement of forestry GRDP, total GRDP, and emissions is lower than BAU.

This research was raised based on water resource problems, which are currently becoming a global obstacle to overcome. Population growth impacted the demand for water resources, changed the hydrological cycle pattern in an area, and worsened with climate change, impacting season disaster. This research was conducted to see the profile of Bekasi City on rainwater harvesting so that the results of this study are expected to provide a big picture in the context of applying rainwater harvesting. Rainfall analysis uses dependable rainfall to cut down rainfall uncertainty and grant opportunities for a higher harvestable rainfall volume. Besides, a community approach was carried out to observe society's water use patterns and their behavior towards rainwater harvesting. This study found that the volume of water demand in Bekasi varied in each District, which is 3.57-7.08 m³/person/month, and harvested rainwater can cover up 2.27%-12.73% of their needs during the wet season (December-April). The community has collected their rainwater at their homes by 49%. A comprehensive approach should have taken to attract people to harvest rainwater.

Land-use change is a regional development process and one type of land-use that has undergone many land-use changes in agriculture. Palaran Subdistrict, as one of the largest agricultural land in Samarinda City, has experienced an agricultural land conversion over the past 15 years, mainly caused by mining activities and thus led to the agricultural land reduction. This study aims to analyze agricultural land-use changes in 2006, 2014, and 2020 in Palaran Subdistrict, Samarinda City. The method used in this study is a spatial comparison of agricultural land-use in 2006 and 2014; also between 2014 and 2020 using Land Change Modeler tools in Idrisi Selva 17. Land-use obtained from manual digitation based on Landsat 5 imagery in 2006, Landsat 8 imagery in 2014, and Sentinel-2a imagery in 2020. This study's results indicate agricultural land-use change in the northern part of the Palaran Subdistrict that changed into a settlement. In the middle of the Palaran Subdistrict, that changed into a bare land area.

Land cover basically can change over time as a result of community needs. Moreover, it impacts environmental degradation, damaging the hydrological function of watersheds, such as an increased critical land. One significant change in land cover occurred in the Karang Mumus watershed. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in the Karang Mumus watershed in 2006, 2014, and 2020. The method used in this study is a spatial comparison of land cover changes in 2006 and 2014, also in 2014 and 2020. This study's land cover data were obtained from manual digitization where 2006 was obtained from Landsat 5 imagery, 2014 from Landsat 8 imagery, and 2020 is obtained from the Sentinel-2a imagery. This study indicates that most changes occur in the Karang Mumus watershed middle stream into a settlement and bare land.

Urban areas in developing countries, such as Jakarta, have the potential to experience serious river water pollution problems. Pollution control is a measure to maintain water quality in waterways; therefore, this study aims to build a water quality model (based on BOD and DO parameter) in the Krukut River, Jakarta. The model can be used as a tool to simulate pollution control. This study applies the Streeter Phelps principle by adopting the system dynamics method. The research also includes social and economic aspects of the pollution control scenario. The Krukut River water quality model is valid because it has an absolute mean error (AME) values below 30%. In details, the AME value of each model are 0.7% for the population model, 7.05% for the BOD model, and 4.5% for the DO model. With community participation intervention in the sanitation sector, the simulation results of the model show an improvement in Krukut River water quality compared to the 'business as usual' simulation. However, this improvement still does not meet existing quality standards.

Given Indonesia's enormous sea area, decentralization is inevitable in managing fishery resources, so-called Fishery Management Areas (FMAs). The governance of FMAs has been endorsed by MMAF Decree No. 33/2019. However, there were many challenges in its implementation. At the same time, Indonesia's Long Term Development Plan of 2020-2024 specified that strengthening the governance of the FMAs will be one of the fishery development priorities. This study's will assess the current design and implementation of FMA governance, namely the Fishery Management Councils (FMC). We gathered data and information using field observation, interviews with policymakers, and members of FMCs in several FMAs. We then carried out two analyses, namely, formal and informal analysis. The formal analysis was done by comparing each FMC component's function and task based on the written guideline for operating FMC and the FMC of FMA and real observation. The informal analysis evaluates the critical management function and attributes of the existing FMC governance and compares them with the ideal function. From the formal analysis, we find that each component of FMC's tasks and functions as written on the documents marginally/partially implemented by FMC members. From the informal analysis, we find that many challenges and gaps in the operationalization of the FMCs.

Water quality in Lake Cilala has decreased due to fishery activity, which is now overgrowing. In 2016, fish cages were demolished since they caused eutrophication and sedimentation. There has yet a research on the impact of Lake Cilala aquaculture activity on water quality. This research was done to identify water quality in four sampling points, reflecting the fish cages distribution. Some parameters analyzed were temperature, TDS, TSS, pH, BOD, DO, phosphate, and nitrate. Besides that, the impact of fish feeds on water quality has also been analyzed based on conversion. Two water quality parameters exceeded the quality standard; total suspended solids (maximum value of 152 mg/L) and BOD (maximum value of 13.8 mg/L). The nitrogen released from the activity of fish feeding was 6.49 kg. Moreover, fish feces contributed to the nitrogen and phosphorus released by 7.03 kg and 32.82 kg consecutively. Therefore, the total nitrogen released was 13.53 kg. The highest total nitrogen concentration was solids in Lake Cilala sediment, not much-dissolved nitrogen in the water. Hence, aquaculture activity with a high number of cages in Lake Cilala affects the water quality.

Waste treatment facility, known as UPS, in Depok City is one of component in waste treatment for handling organic waste. However, carrying capacity of UPS and its ability to process of organic waste from citywide were low although 30 unit of UPS has been built over the years. The objective of this research was to map current practices and projections on waste and organic waste generation, and current organic waste collection services coverage area as well as to assess the service level of UPS at each sub-district. The amount of waste generation in 2018 is approximately 594,450 tonnes/year and projected will increase up to 886,589 tonnes/year. The organic waste fraction was projected 44% and will grow at a rate 3.9%/year in the period of 2018-2028. The amount of organic waste in 2018 is approximately 272,850 tonnes/year and increased up to 390,098 tonnes/year in 2028. Each resident projected will generate organic waste at about 118 kg/capita/year. The results showed that Cimanggis and Sukmajaya were sub-districts with the highest amount of waste and organic waste generation. Nonetheless both were having only one UPS and smallest collection services coverage area as well as high number of populations to be served for each UPS. Organic waste collection service coverage area can be distinguished by 2 schemes which were local and municipal services. It is found out that 22 UPS served for local services and 8 UPS served for municipal services. Each UPS covered averagely 16% of each total area.

Air pollution is the most common problem in urban areas. Emissions from transport are hypothesized to be the main cause of this pollution. Therefore, studies on air pollution on a local scale must be carried out, especially on pollutants related to emissions from transportation, carbon monoxide. This study aims to provide an up-to-date study regarding the specific conditions of Carbon Monoxide concentration in the Daan Mogot Street area. This research uses the Gaussian Line Source and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. This research shows that carbon monoxide concentrations around Daan Mogot Street ranged from 195.56-1482.50 μg/m3. This research findings are expected to anticipate the increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the research area, affecting the sustainability of people around the research area.

Organic waste can have economic value, such as used for animal feed, fish, and fertilizer. Organic waste from human activities needs to be deciphered before it becomes an economically valuable product. Maggots (BSF flies) are larvae that can convert organic material into biomass and potentially break down organic waste. Garbage has become a problem in Jambi due to population growth, changes in consumption patterns, and people's lifestyles, producing 1,600 m³ of waste per day. By utilizing maggot cultivation (BSF), community services activities can enhance the economic value of organic waste in Purwodadi Village, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Jambi. This article aims to study organic waste management using maggot cultivation. The result is that this method can be an alternative for organic waste management. This method embarks a sustainable environment and increases resources which can be traded or utilized. Maggot bioconversion technology can deal with three main problems, namely: the generation of organic waste, high prices of protein sources, and increasing demand for animal feed. In conclusion, organic waste management using maggot cultivation brings a sustainable environment and enhances organic waste's economic value. Therefore, it can be a useful alternative for waste management.

This paper reviews some seawater quality evaluation methods such as Ocean Health Index (OHI) and Puget Sound Partnership (PSP). In this paper, we discuss our UI BlueMetric assessment tools which is a new tool proposed as performance indicators of coastal areas in terms of its biodiversity, water quality, waste, and human activity. This paper presents a benchmarking of BlueMetric with two existing marine assessment tools. We compare UI BlueMetric to the OHI and PSP in terms of the assessment of the seawater quality in the coastal area. The coastal area environmental quality has produced a growing body of literature with meta-analyses on methods. The considerations and evaluation systems that influenced its original design are presented. We also discussed the comparison framework. This paper presents the methodology used in different seawater quality evaluation, the intended users, as well as discussing the difference in the goals and missions of the assessment tools. This paper concludes that all of the three evaluation systems have some similarities in their indicators related to seawater evaluation. UI BlueMetric has the least number of parameters so that it is suitable to be applied in early assessment.

In Citeureup Sub-district, Bogor, Indonesia, many MSMEs have developed their business around the metal sector. Despite many MSMEs operating in the area, there still a lack of OHS implementation. This study aimed to create an online database regarding business profile, OHS implementation, and health symptoms among workers at surveyed MSMEs. The survey was conducted to the 56 MSMEs located in Pasir Mukti Village, Citeureup District, Bogor Regency, Indonesia. The majority of MSMEs are micro-sized enterprises with 1-4 workers and produce metal products. Only 2% of MSMEs have an OHS commitment that is formally signed by the employer. The most prevalent hazards found in MSMEs were noise (71%), dust exposure (57%), and vibration (45%). Awkward postures and manual handlings are also commonly found in MSMEs. The most prevalent health symptom commonly experienced by workers is the soreness of the musculoskeletal system. There are six primary healthcare facilities located around MSMEs, yet only one facility operates for 24 hours and only 2 out of 6 facilities have an ambulance for emergencies.

Informal sectors, especially Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) plays a significant role in the national economy's development and employment but lack of Health and Safety concerns regarding their works. This study aims to increase the informal sector's awareness towards occupational health and safety aspects by conducting occupational health and safety (OHS) risk mapping through an integrated platform in Sukahati Village, Citeureup, West Java. One of this study's outcomes is to create an integrated online database platform that contains occupational health and safety data from the sampled MSMEs called SiUMKM. This study was conducted with samples of MSMEs across Sukahati Village using questionnaire-based interviews. The highest proportion of work accidents within the population includes punctures, cuts, and scratches. In contrast, the highest occurring health issues in MSMEs in Sukahati are waist pain, back pain, and muscle stiffness. Many of the existing health issues cause are manual handling tasks and inadequate workstation arrangements (up to 91% contribution). In conclusion, the OHS problems surrounding MSMEs mainly resulted from the low comprehension of OHS in the workplace. Therefore, an integrated platform like SiUMKM can be a solution for comprehensive information regarding the health and safety aspects of MSMEs work environment.

Nga Hai coal mine area has large reserves managed by Quang Hanh Coal Company of Vietnam Mineral Industry Group. In this coal mine, there are 15 coal seams with industrial reserves. Each coal seam contains methane and the deeper it goes down the methane content tends to increase. Nga Hai coal mine is exploiting at-175 level and tends to exploit to-300 level. Currently, the mine is ranked III in terms of methane content in coal seams, while the coal mine is ranked III, which means it is hazardous in terms of the risk of methane fire and explosion. At the time of the methane explosion, Khe Cham coal mine was ranked III for methane. Thus, at present, the Nga Hai coal mine must have strict methane control measures to prevent methane gas fire and explosion like the former Khe Cham coal mine. To have effective methane control options, author took coal samples at the Nga Hai coal mine's coal seams and analyzed to determine the methane content at different levels. Then author treated data analysis and interpolation methods, the least-squares method to predict methane concentrations at deep levels that cannot be sampled for analysis. With the Forecast of methane content in coal seams, author will provide the mine management company to take proactive measures to avoid the risk of methane gas explosion and take the initiative in mining plans safest and most effective waterfall.

The ventilation for underground coal mines and to the general underground mining work is indispensable. For pit coal mines in Quang Ninh is usually done by the main fans is located on the ground. Today, Nam Mau coal mines use three main fan stations operating in parallel to ventilate the mine. This fan has three stations of different capacities but is interconnected via the mine pits. Thus, during the operation occurred between three mutual "bracing" winds fan stations causing decreased fan performance and not satisfying my ventilation requirements. This paper analyzed, calculated, and determined each fan's operating mode and reasonable fans when operating in parallel to improve fans' performance and improve the efficiency ventilation for Nam Mau coal mine.

Efforts to reduce the impact of earthquake disaster have been made by the government, continuously. To decrease the casualties, an effort to be done is to construct housings and public infrastructures following the earthquake-resistant role or building code, especially in cities with high vulnerability and population. For this reason, an earthquake hazard microzonation map is crucial. Microzonation of earthquake hazard in Banjar City, West Java, Indonesia, was conducted by mapping the surface soil classification. Banjar is an essential city in West Java, connecting Bandung and the cities in the southern part. The microzonation mapping was done using the MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) method. The fieldwork of Vs30 measurements has been conducted in February 2020. We recorded 31 MASW sites in the entire Banjar City area with the distance between the locations approximately 5km. The results of this study indicate the surface soil classification in Banjar City in detail and precisely. The eastern part of the city shows a relatively softer surface soil structure compared to the western part. Comparison of the microzonation map obtained from the measurements with empirical Vs30 map (average shear waves velocity down to 30m), geology structure, and topographic data, showing good agreement. The earthquake microzonation map is recommended to be considered one of the references for developing the building code.

Earthquake precursors continue to be developed by researchers to try to predict earthquakes, one of which is Radon. The monitoring of radon gas in the ground continues to be carried out in Yogyakarta and its surroundings as one of the earthquake mitigation efforts. This study aims to analyze the variation of radon gas and seismic activity as well as the emergence of local earthquake precursors that occurred in Yogyakarta and its surroundings. Radon gas monitoring is carried out in two locations, namely in the Pundong and Piyungan areas. Earthquake activity was recorded from the BMKG earthquake catalog. The radon anomaly study to determine the existence of earthquake precursors was carried out using the correlation method. Radon gas anomalies are determined when there is an increase in the Radon concentration graph. The results show that an increase in radon gas emissions is correlated with an increase in earthquakes' frequency. The correlation method's application indicates the presence of radon gas anomalies as a precursor to earthquakes around the Opak Fault. Further research is needed to see the correlation and consistency of radon gas anomalies with earthquake events around the Opak Fault.

This paper discusses disaster law evaluation in Indonesia after enacting Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management (Disaster Management Act). Several issues, such as the affirmation of the central and regional government's authority, the role of Disaster Management Agency, and the accountability of emergency funds, are noteworthy to reform the Disaster Management Act in Indonesia. The methodology is legal, library-based research focusing mainly on primary and secondary sources. This paper argues that the amendment to the Disaster Management Act's urgency is crucial to respond to some accelerations after a decade of the Disaster Management Act. Completing the Disaster Management Act is expected to be a comprehensive legal umbrella in guaranteeing citizens' constitutional rights and duty when a disaster is in Indonesia.

Vegetation cover is a critical indicator and sensitive in degradation land. This study aims to explore the comparative analysis of vegetation index in the ex-mine reclamation area. The study is conducted on 2.03 ha area reclamation planted in 2017. The analysis is performed by measure Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 2017 to 2020 using the Sentinel-2 satellite imagery dataset and processed by ArcGIS Pro 2.6 software. RGB drone photogrammetry acquired in April 2020 and vegetation photos featured with geotagging is used to validate vegetation index analysis. The result shows NDVI first and second-year revegetation demonstrates no significant improvement (less than 0.33), nevertheless third and fourth-year revegetation shows dramatically increase of NDVI, respectively 0.369 and 0.417 with the percentage of healthy vegetation 68.13% and 81.39%. This shows that NDVI and the percentage of vegetation health improve over the year.

Sustainability of the environment is affected by various organizations' environmental performances, such as Higher Education Institutions (HEI). The HEI's environmental performances are divided into different categories, such as energy, water, waste, mobile sources, paper, food, and built-up area. Implementation of Environmental Management System (EMS), such as ISO 14001:2015 has been acknowledged to improve HEI's environmental performances. Despite that fact, only a few HEI that implemented ISO 14001:2015 for their EMS in Indonesia. This article analyzes potential barriers to implementing EMS in Indonesian HEI based on a systematic literature review and in-depth interviews at the case university. There are 25 potential barriers found, analyzed, and then summarized. Five main potential barriers are identified: (1) lack of commitment from the management of the stakeholders; (2) lack of financial resources; (3) lack of expertise on EMS; (4) organizational; (5) lack of engagement from student, staff, and faculty. The study's results can be used as additional consideration for HEI to overcome barriers in implementing EMS.

The high level of unmanaged plastic waste in Indonesia has resulted in plastic waste polluting rivers and oceans, the Ciliwung River. The ignorance of Jakarta's people about management and their attention to plastic waste will ultimately worsen the condition of the Ciliwung river. Therefore, the article tries to describe a solution that can minimize plastic waste in the Ciliwung River Basin. Using a descriptive approach and qualitative data derived from literature studies, it was found that increasing public awareness at the local level, especially in communities around riverbanks, could be done to reduce plastic waste from the community. The solution focuses on reducing the amount of plastic waste and monitoring plastic waste management not littered in rivers. Persuasive approaches (outreach and training), provision of facilities, and law enforcement can be strategies to encourage behavior change from the community.

The industry is a human activity established to process resources or materials into goods or products that humans can utilize. The dairy processing industry is one of the industries that process raw milk into various products, such as milk powder. The process of dairy processing industry activities not only produces a product but also contributes to environmental impacts. The main objective of this research determines the most potential environmental impact caused by the production process. The research will be conducted on milk powder products manufactured by PT X. The products chosen in this research are a product with a size of 40 grams per-sachet (product A) and product with a size of 200 grams per-sachet (Product B). The LCA research boundary is "gate to gate," such as materials transportation from supplier, manufacturing process and management waste. The method used to determine the potential environmental impacts is life cycle assessment (LCA) method. Software SimaPro v.9.1 calculates the impact assessment. The calculations showed potential environmental impacts on product A and product B, such as Marine Ecotoxicity, Freshwater Ecotoxicity, and Human Toxicity. Based on the process stages of product A and product B, the potential environmental impact arises from the manufacturing process.

Indonesian government built a hazardous waste treatment facility near two villages in Bogor, Indonesia. The facility has been operating since 1994, and its activities affect the neighboring villages. There had been two significant conflicts between the village's community and the company, in 2006 and 2008. The acceptance of the surrounding neighborhood is one of the major risks affecting a company's lifetime. This study aims to provide the latest perception of the two villages' community on the facility's existence. The survey, observation, and in-depth interviews were employed to gather enough information for perception analysis. The perception analysis represents variables: socio-demography, knowledge and information, health issues, social-economy values, and trust. The survey was conducted to 100 respondents, and the data were analyzed as a Likert scale for each variable. The univariate analysis was performed to map the perception, which resulted in "good perception". The bivariate analysis was performed to explore the socio-demographic variable's influence on perception. The result showed that there is no significant correlation between age, education level, and occupations with perception. These results can be used as the base information to determine the company's sustainability strategy.

This research aims to explore and identify group dynamics and the potential product market insights for the economic empowerment program from this housewife community in Sawangan Baru, Depok, Indonesia. The housewife community calls itself "Ibu Hebat" who lives in Sawangan Baru, Depok, Indonesia. One dimension of group dynamics that must be considered and given the most significant attention is the conflict that occurs within the community. Conflict becomes a vital matter, and it should be viewed and managed well. This study showed that conflict in group dynamics could overcome difficulties and have more positive impacts on community empowerment. We used qualitative and quantitative methods. In Qualitative research, the author used observation and focus group discussion of ten participants of "Ibu Hebat" to assess the potential team conflict and their conflict-handling intention. From the team observation and focus group discussion of ten participants, the author found that the most significant conflict was process conflict. The preference for their conflict-handling intention is compromising, accommodating, and collaborating. We also used structured surveys to identify the potential product as part of the market research. The survey of fifty-one respondents indicated major consumer's preference products are in healthy snacks at affordable prices.

The development of the City of Dumai became a city of oil trading, and refining increased the municipal government's financial income. But along with these developments, pollution due to mining and oil refining activities has also increased and endangered the health of Dumai City residents. This study analyzes pollution's causes, especially pollution due to waste processing and refining oil in the City of Dumai and the Government of the City of Dumai to overcome the various pollution that occurs. The data used to write the research results were obtained through literature studies in some university libraries in Pekanbaru, interviews with several residents who directly experienced the impact of pollution that occurred in Dumai City, as well as printed and online newspapers. The results of this study indicate that the level of air, water, soil, and noise pollution in Dumai City endangers the health of the population and has the potential to damage the environment and ecosystems, especially in the waters of Dumai. This research also shows that the Dumai City government through the Office of the Environment has not worked optimally in overcoming pollution in four different mediums so that the level of pollution from day to day is getting worse.

One of the effects of globalization in Indonesia is the increase in drug abusers. In the last 3 years, there has been an increase in drug abusers and tobacco consumption in the productive age group. At the Drug Rehabilitation Centre, National Narcotics Boards in 2015 until 2018, there was an increase in abusers to relapse from 5% to 6.3%. This study aims to analyze the influence of smoking behaviors on the tendency of relapse and to compare smoking and non-smoking on the decline in drugs abusers in the Rehabilitation Center. This research uses a quantitative approach. The sample of this research is 162 respondents who were drug abusers undergoing rehabilitation. A questionnaire collected data. Factor analysis is used to process the data of the independent variables. Coping was the most dominant factor in relapse tendencies. Results indicate that smoking behavior can reduce the tendency of relapse in drug abusers in the Drug Rehabilitation Center. We recommend conducting further research on what kind of coping is suitable for drug abusers to reduce the tendency to relapse and review the smoking cessation policy at the Drug Rehabilitation Center. Another suggestion is to taper the dose of cigarette use on drug abusers.

The publication was based on the desk research technique of a wide selection of domestic and foreign literature, analysis of secondary data, content of press releases and the KMPG report, and included: zero audit (identification of available data sets regarding the implementation and reporting of the CSR concept, as well as guidelines of religious doctrines equated with the postulates of the CSR concept; indication of a potential independent variable (the impact of the most important religious texts) on the dependent variable (the level of reporting of the concept) in selected countries with high indicator of a given religion (according to official statistics of the Pew Research Center); exploration of the data contained in the KMPG report covering the change in global reporting in 2011-2017, which consequently influenced the diagnosis of reporting the CSR in the world and the assessment of this reporting under the possible influence of religious doctrines. The data presented in the article shows that, since 2011 a gradual increase in interest in CSR reporting has been observed. In 2017, Americas overtook the Asia-Pacific region to become the leading region for global CSR reporting. CSR reporting rates in the Asia-Pacific region have been gradually stabilizing since 2013.

Significant demand for Indonesian green sukuk did not automatically relate to the performance after issuance. The performance was not good as expected due to macroeconomic factor. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the performance of second green sukuk performance issuance as well as other green bonds in Indonesia. The research employes the descriptive method based on the price movement of green sukuk with others for benchmarking and correlation analysis. The result is different from the previous research such as Euro currency that does not affect Indonesian USD-based green sukuk. In addition, second Indonesian green sukuk is better than the previous one, and local green bond has a better performance than Indonesia green sukuk.

According to the goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) number 12, the producer is responsible for producing a better-quality product while minimizing natural resources and toxic materials. Along with that, the consumer's awareness of buying environmentally friendly products also increases. However, sometimes there are over claims from manufacturers who claim their products as eco-labels or green products so that sometimes it raises skepticism from consumers. Based on that, the aims of this research is to examine the outcome of green skepticism as one of the inhibitors toward green product purchase intention and also to discuss the role of environmental knowledge and concern as mediator, in the context of personal care products in Indonesia. An online survey managed to collect 177 respondents domiciled in Indonesia, and being analyzed by SEM. By using the ABC Theory framework, this study indicates that green skepticism reduces consumer's intention to purchase green personal care products. On the other hand, both environmental knowledge and environmental concerns increase customers' green purchase intentions directly. Furthermore, they are founded to mediate the relationship between green skepticism and green purchase intentions. This research will benefit academic resource for future research, practitioners in the related fields, and the environment.

The relationship between humans and nature tends to exploit nature or the environment on a large scale. Cultivating awareness that cannot be separated from the world of education must be ensured at the beginning of schooling regarding improving perceptions of things that affect them. The emergence of environmental awareness is based on environmental ethics, which states that environmental awareness consists of environmental behavior, perceptions, and attitudes. This research was conducted to answer how students, exceptionally high school students possess environmental awareness and aimed to analyze environmental awareness that has been applied mainly at the high school level. The research was conducted by giving questionnaires to 353 students from two Adiwiyata recipient schools in DKI Jakarta. Analytical descriptive is used to analyze the results of this research. The results show that the respondents have adequate knowledge and attitudes but have good environmentally friendly behavior. The descriptive-analytical results obtained indicate that excellent results are obtained for the knowledge aspect. Good results are obtained for the attitude aspect, but the results are sufficient for the behavioral part. The impact of this research can be used as a benchmark for evaluating the Adiwiyata program related to environmental sustainability awareness.

This research is located in a mangrove forest covering 18 Ha, which is still far from ideal conditions. The problem of this research is the decreasing mangrove forest due to rapid development activities in coastal areas. This research aims to analyze the structure of mangrove vegetation, the relevance between internal and external factors with the level of community participation in mangrove ecosystem management, and make models of community participation and its correlation with the structure of mangrove vegetation in North Pariaman District, Pariaman City. Plot sampling and purposive sampling were used to collect vegetation data, while accidental sampling was used to collect community participation data. A total of 98 participants were collected as samples. This number was calculated based on Slovin Formula. Community participation models were made using ordinal regression. The results showed that the density of mangrove vegetation structure is 841 Ind / Ha. In conclusion, the mangroves are categorized as damaged, and all of the participation stages are categorized as low. There is a formula to increase participation level, and it varies at each stage, consisting of several variables such as occupation, age, and period of stay.

The environmental problem faced by the world nowadays is getting worse. If this condition continues to occur, then the industrial and service sector will not last long. One of the factors which can succeed in the company environmental program is environmental care behavior. It needs knowledge related to the environment to have the ability to act following the environmental principles and can succeed in the implementation of an EMS system. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the correlation between employee's environmental knowledge and environmental care behavior. This research used a quantitative approach and conducted at one of the logistics companies. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire. Then, research data analysis was conducted through correlation and regression analysis using SPSS software. The basis of deciding on hypothesis acceptance was based on the significance value (p) based on the reliability level 95%. The research results show a correlation between employees' knowledge and environmental care behavior with p-value ≤ 0,05, namely 0,000. Then, the result of the determination coefficient is based on, namely, in the amount of R² = 0,359, which means the employee's knowledge variable can explain the change of environmental care behavior in the amount of 35,9%.

Indonesia is a country that has cultural diversity and Adat law, one of which is the culture of the Baduy tribe. However, social and economic changes that impact the environment led researchers to identify how the Baduy tribe maintains an environment based on cultural and adat laws. This paper used observation and interview methods to identify the environmental preservation that the Baduy tribe has been doing. Baduy Luar has used modern goods, but Baduy Dalam still does not use it. Both do not cut down trees in protected forest areas and still rely on the river to meet their daily water needs, from farming, drinking, or only bathing and cleaning the furniture. They believe and trust "ancestral rules". That beliefs make them trust to Pu'un as someone with authority, which always preserves that ancestral rules. Pu'un can decide on preserved their ancestral rule. These are fundamental aspects as the laws here represent how the culture tries to reserve the environment. That is much needed as the laws will not do it anymore to prevent environmental damage by society. However, this paper results can be used to build the culture and law for preserved the environment in national society with further study.

Indonesia is a comprehensive and vast country with a lot of people inside of it. Diversity, or often referred to as cultural diversity, is a necessity in Indonesia. With a population of more than 250 million people spread throughout the archipelago in Indonesia. They inhabit areas with diverse geographical conditions but with the same climate. Every culture has social resources that support growth, such as traditional knowledge, wisdom, and ethics for the environment. This paper aims to review and evaluated the Tobelo tribe wisdom to the environment to utilize the qualitative method. Tobelo tribe acquire knowledge about the forest patterns in the forest to survive and avoid consumptive activities and modern lifestyles through their nomadic life. Forest are crucial for them cause forest is part of them. Through their knowledge and wisdom is to establish a harmonious human-environment relationship. That is a national asset that crucial for biodiversity and preventing harm to biodiversity and the environment.

Technological, social, and cultural developments are gradually becoming more complex and transforms, which is give implications in various systems, such as economics, social, and political. That implication not only brings benefits but also harms the environment. In the pressure of that development, traditional adat values, and the uniqueness of local culture in Indonesia bring another perspective of the environment. This study will discuss conservation studies carried out by the people of Kampung Naga in Tasikmalaya, West Java, from environmental preservation and the sustainability of natural resources as a form of local wisdom implementation. From that local perspective, there are other ecological guidelines can utilize in term of sustainable natural resources. Ecological guidelines should require specific information for their use, should include precise instructions that can be followed and corporation with socio-economic restrictions on the conservation of biodiversity. Through the local culture and traditional adat values, ecological guidelines can bring environmental preservation and natural resource sustainability.

The increase of population in Indonesia resulted in population density becomes larger. It is one of the factors in the emergence of slum settlements, especially in urban areas. The existence of slums is related to poor environmental sanitation facilities. Environmental sanitation is one of the environmental managements. Environmental management efforts can be successful if the community is willing to participate. However, until now, the level of community participation, especially those living in slum areas, is still relatively low. One of the reasons is the lack of motivation in the community to carry out environmental management. Therefore, it is essential to know the factors that cause community motivation still at low level. This study aims to verify if motivation has impact to community participation in environmental management. The method is with literature study from articles that relevant to the topic. It results that motivation is an encouragement that supports participation. The dominant motivational factor is internal factors. In addition, the factors of knowledge, social, and economic are also influence the level of motivation.

This research aims to discuss actors' network in handling flood disasters in DKI Jakarta in January 2020. With the increasing number of disasters globally and in Indonesia, the discussion about non-government actors' role in disaster response is relevant to disaster management studies. Disaster response, as one of the disaster management phases in the case of flood disasters, is crucial for reducing the impact of a catastrophe and increasing the public sector's resilience and society after a disaster happens. This research was conducted with mass-media content analysis, using the keyword "DKI Jakarta flood" to collect published news between 1-6 January 2020. Then, the collected news was analyzed with Discourse Network Analyzer. The analysis found that there were contributions from both government and non-government. Food support is the most common type of contribution that was chosen for disaster management assistance. The private sector and community organizations were the non-state actors that played a huge part in post-disaster aid. Although there are roles of non-state actors in disaster management, there are obstacles in its implementation. Some of those are unsupportive regulation, the absence of an institutional framework, and various actors' commitment to collaborative disaster management.

Sustainable water resources management is a challenge for the world, especially developing countries experiencing population growth, which triggers an increase in water demand. This condition harms the stability of water resources for humans and the ecosystem. Water conservation with rainwater harvesting is an adaptation and mitigation effort to these problems, but Indonesia's application is still minim. This study scrutinizes rainwater harvesting by looking at literature review that had applied in various countries and discussed the advantages and challenges of these methods. Besides, to understand people's behaviour intentions, this study uses self-evaluation as the data to be analyzed using an extended theory of planned behaviour model. This study indicates that rainwater harvesting can have a positive impact on water conservation, such as cut down surface water deterioration and mitigate seasonal disasters. These impacts can felt like a whole if those systems are implemented on a wide scale. On the other hand, the extended theory of planned behaviour model shows that 16.4% of the intention to utilize rainwater harvesting with the highest variable is the attitude variable. Recommended approaches for improving attitudes in rainwater harvesting are described in this paper.

This study aims to examine the effect of job autonomy on proactive work behavior and to investigate the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship of job autonomy and proactive work behavior. This study involved 208 employees working in the private sector, public sectors, and government in Indonesia. Participants were taken using convenience sampling techniques through the distribution of questionnaires online. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). This research shows that job autonomy directly influences work engagement and indirectly affects proactive work behavior through work engagement mediation. Our results found different results from previous studies, where job autonomy directly impacted proactive work behavior. Our results reveal the full mediation role of work engagement in the relationship between job autonomy and proactive work behavior.

The utilization of natural resources and the environment to improve the community's welfare is an unavoidable choice. The environment used should still protect the environment. This study aims to provide an overview of the company's efforts to implement its obligation to preserve the environment using a different type of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program, which were community development and green marketing. The method used was a survey by taking the population at two different places, Jakarta and Pangkal Pinang. The sampling technique was done using a purposive method to obtain samples that meet the company's CSRreceiver's criteria. The number of the respondent from the first population is 44 respondents and from the second population is 100 respondents. Data analysis was done using simple and multiple linear regression. The results showed that CSR's implementation had a significant impact on education, health, and poverty reduction. CSR activity by the company was accepted by society activities directly in the form of counseling and mentoring. CSR activities conducted on marketing activities by implementing Green Marketing found that pricing and promoting an environmentally sound positive impact on consumers' willingness to buy back the product. In contrast, the product is not significantly influential.

The unmet needs target at 9.9 percent from 2015-2019 The National Medium-Term Development Plan has not been achieved. The 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) show that unmet needs were 10.6 percent. Unmet needs are factors causing unwanted pregnancy, which can cause maternal morbidity and mortality; to improve maternal health, that is necessary to address women's empowerment, which is the fifth objective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to study the relationship between women's empowerment on the unmet needs in Indonesia. This study uses data from the 2017 IDHS. The analysis unit is fecund women who were married and required family planning involving observations of 26,249 individuals. The analytical methods used are binary and multinomial logit regression. The results showed that the components of women's empowerment had a statistically significant effect on all unmet needs categories, namely women's work participation, level of knowledge, participation in household decision making, and asset ownership. Women's work participation, level of knowledge, and asset ownership negatively affect unmet needs. Participation in household decision making has a positive effect on unmet needs. Meanwhile, attitude toward wife-beating has no significant effect on all unmet needs categories.

This study seeks to analyze the antecedent factors of digital knowledge sharing that affect innovation work behavior and organizational innovation capability of employees working in government organizations. This study identifies four antecedents of digital knowledge sharing, namely demographics, environment, individuals, and organizations that have an influence on innovation work behavior and organizational innovation capability through indicators of knowledge donating and knowledge collecting from digital knowledge sharing. The online survey method was used to collect data from respondents, a number of 1000 employees of the Secretariat General, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The data analysis of this study used Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the SmartPLS 3.2.9 application. The results showed that the four antecedents of digital knowledge sharing had a significant effect on innovation work behavior and organizational innovation capability through indicators of knowledge donating and knowledge collecting from digital knowledge sharing. In addition, it was also found that the knowledge donating indicator was a better contributor in facilitating innovation work behavior and organizational innovation capability of government employees compared to knowledge collecting indicators. This study also lead the digital knowledge sharing, innovation works behavior, and organizational innovation capacity into a part of sustainability development goals.

A primary focus of this study is to highlight the suggested solutions from Islamic cooperatives practitioners to overcome the challenges in the practice of price rationing assessment in three Bottom of the Economic Pyramid (BOP) regions, namely Daerah Istimewa (DI) Yogyakarta, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) and Makassar, Indonesia. A total of 26 Islamic cooperatives Institutions (MFIs) in Indonesia were chosen based on purposive sampling methods. An in-depth interview was developed to profile the data related to the suggested solution. This study found evidence that Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) has a higher margin than commercial and rural banks. The problem of higher margin is fixed through reducing margin (giving special margin for loyal consumers, seeking a channelling bank with lower margin, giving an option of margin negotiation and increasing financing distribution) and giving rationalization to customers of the benefit associated with a high margin (giving value to the product, increasing the level of sharia understanding and good communication of margin).

This paper has developed a model in assessing local economic development performance by utilizing primary data collected from 3 regions in Indonesia using a participatory approach of 304 respondents in Singkawang, Bau-bau, and Kupang. It is observed that to achieve the local performance model, and divided by two different models. First is the human resource, infrastructure, social capital, and financial capital that positively impact entrepreneurial strategy. While institutions, technology, local government, and central government have no impact on entrepreneurial strategy. Second is entrepreneurial strategy has a positive impact on local economic development (local performance). Findings also revealed that all impact is positive, aligning with the existing literature of local economic development in developing countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic hit the entire countries, including Indonesia. Daily workers are affected considerably by COVID-19, including online taxi drivers. DKI Jakarta is the province that is the first to implement Large-Scale Social Restrictions. This study aims to see the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on online taxi drivers' socio-psychological and cultural conditions in realizing a sustainable city. In this qualitative study, data was taken by in-depth interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The many changes in conditions that have occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic did not influence participants to commit acts of violence against family members. Psychologically, they feel afraid to work outside the home for fear of the spread of the virus. However, their family and friends always support them to remain disciplined in implementing health protocols. Apart from work, changes in social and religious activities in the environment also occur due to government policies' adjustments. The private company of online taxi with cooperation to the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta should secure the policy to keep increasing the stability of online taxi driver socio-psychological and cultural conditions. Since the online taxi drivers also play essential roles in the socio-economic aspects of sustainable city DKI Jakarta.

This study examines the association between Islamic banks' financial performance and the level of Islamic Social Responsibility (ISR) in supporting SDGs. The financial performance is measured by Islamic specific financial performance, including profit sharing financing ratio, zakat performance ratio, equitable distribution ratio, and director employee welfare ratio. The ISR disclosure is measured based on the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic financial (AAOIFI) Governance Standard (GS) 1 and GS 7, consisting of 75 components of exposure in Islamic banks from Indonesia and Malaysia for the 2014-2018 period. This study uses regression analysis. From the analysis of the 90 annual reports, it was found that the level of ISR disclosure in Indonesia and Malaysia had diversity and superiority respectively over the dimensions of ISR disclosure. The content analysis results show that Indonesian Islamic banks have an average total superior exposure of 54% compared to Malaysian state Islamic banks of 47%. Regression tests prove a positive association between profit-sharing financial ratio and zakat performance ratio and the level of ISR disclosure. While the association between the equitable distribution ratio and director employee welfare ratio and the level of ISR disclosure is not proven.

The high level of road density in Jabodetabek that caused by urban sprawl phenomenon prompted the government to increase the number of commuter who use Jabodetabek Commuter Line Rail (KRL). According to that, women commuters have higher participation in using mass public transportation than men. However, it must be supported by a service system that accommodates their needs. Therefore, the research about the characteristics of women commuters using KRL is important to analyse the KRL service system quality which accommodate their needs. It refers to four variables: age, income level, destination distance, and marital status, collected by questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 120 respondents who were daily commuters and users between 2013-2020. The reasons for participation were collected by an in-depth interview with 15 informants who were also part of the respondents. The result is the service system in KRL (facility design, cost, access, and time travel) caused women commuter KRL users are dominated by productive age with varying income levels, married, and do activities in areas 1-3 km from a station. The conclusion is not all women commuters in Jabodetabek participate to use KRL because the service system has not accommodated all their needs.

Nowadays, it is increasingly difficult to find numerous green spaces in a city. This situation caused the conversion of green land into a built area, resulting in a lack of interaction between humans and nature. One form of urban greenery that can be easily created and brings many benefits to humans is community gardens. Community garden utilizes vacant lots to create multi-functional space for the people—gardener and non-gardener. Literature and precedent studies are conducted to understand how community gardens work as a social space that produces crops as a base knowledge to analyze the following study case. This study focuses on observing the realization of food security in a community garden at Malang, Indonesia, named Cemara Hijau Farm. The community garden uses most of its planting area for functional and active food production. However, it is still in the early stages of food security and still has not met the community's food needs on a housing scale, as can be seen from the production and the arrangement in the planting area. Even so, existence can increase public awareness of the importance of food security.

This paper provides a sustainable Islamic microfinance design using an appreciative intelligence approach to enhance the poor borrowers' accessibility to micro financing in Indonesia. This study aims to identify problems faced by BMT in Indonesia and find the solution to implement sustainable Islamic microfinance. It uses a qualitative analysis by adopting an appreciative intelligence approach. Data was collected by interviewing the Chairman and officer of Central BMT (Induk Koperasi Syariah), Jakarta in 382 BMT's throughout Indonesia. The steps: (i) reframing problems into possibilities, (ii) appreciating the positive meaning and promise of every being, experience, situation, and (iii) linking the generative strength of the present with the preferred vision. The results show that BMT faced four problems in implementing sustainable Islamic microfinance, namely lending limit regulation, high funding pricing to the borrowers, APEX BMT realization, and productive use funding. Several solutions have been suggested by using the appreciative intelligence approach. This paper adds to the literature on Islamic microfinance by enabling researchers and practitioners to apply the appreciative intelligence model of sustainable Islamic microfinance. It also contributes towards enriching the knowledge in the Islamic microfinance and sustainable Islamic microfinance.

Local people in many parts of Indonesia have long utilized reptiles (snakes, turtles, lizards) and their products for various purposes. Nation-wide data on the species and its use by local people, however, is still lacking. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the nation-wide traditional use of reptiles by the local people. The data were collected and collated from 42 relevant papers published in the last twenty years (2001-2019). Of the available data from 19 provinces, 59 reptile species have been recorded being used by local people, categorized into indigenous/folk medicine (47 species), food/protein source (20 species), part of traditional and culture (11 species), subsistent income generation (10 species), ecological reasons (6 species), venom extraction (2 species), and pet (1 species). In general, reptiles were mostly used as a remedy for skin diseases, while large-sized species were commonly used for subsistent income generation and or as a protein source. The reptiles could also be used as part of the traditional and culture (e.g., ritual ceremony, good omen/charm, and bad sign). Although Indonesia consists of many islands, there are many common or similar traditional knowledge of the local people resided on different islands.

Gravari-Barbas (2018) states that the demand for heritage is becoming increasingly urgent in the context of a hypermodern society. The motivation-satisfaction relationship is a popular research topic in tourism. Both can be investigated through direct relationships and indirect relationships. However, the previous literature failed to explain the direct relationship between motivation-satisfaction. This study aims to determine the direct and indirect effects between tourists' motivation-satisfaction towards the heritage destination through the role of experience-related factors and destination images perceived by tourists during a visit to a heritage destination. The sample is Indonesian citizens who had traveled to Borobudur Temple last year. The research is using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for processing data from 442 respondents. The result indicates a significant effect between motivation-satisfaction through destination image and one of the experiential factors. These findings contribute to understanding the determinants of tourist's behavior and satisfaction towards a heritage destination.

Environmental crimes are increased, according to the information launched by the official institutions. Furthermore, the law enforcement process of environmental cases received a lot of attentions and discussion among environmental law enforcement scholars and practitioners. Disagreements also occured when justice seekers and environmental law fighters argue that the resolution of various cases in the field of environmental law did not give satisfaction to the public. This paper used doctrinal research, which analyzes the problem qualitatively by using secondary data sources from primary and secondary legal materials. The research results show that the settlement of existing cases has not been able to prevent similar violations and give appropriate punishment to the offenders. Thus, the use of the ultimum remedium principle is important, so that the accuracy of determining and implementing optimal sanctions for violations in the case of environmental law become the ultimate ways in encouraging the strengthening of environmental law enforcement to reduce environmental crimes as well as supporting environmental preservation.

Scientific evidence which links environmental noise to health problems is starting to emerge. KRL Commuterline is an electric commuter rail system serving Greater Jakarta, Indonesia, and operated by a state-owned enterprise. This paper aimed to analyze the noise caused by KRL that occur to people's house located around the KRL tracks between Depok stations and Tanjung Barat stations and analyze the effect of noise on residents' perceptions KRL rails regarding non-auditory noise disturbances. A correlation test and regression test were conducted to measure the relationship and effect between variables. Statistical data showed that most respondents did not experience non-auditory disorders. Besides, the correlation test results showed that none of the variables (Gender, Age, and Length of Stay) significantly affected respondents' perceptions of non-auditory disorders, but, through a follow-up question, it was found that there were complaints that they experienced as the residents who lived around the tracks. The noise caused by this KRL, which occurred to people's houses located around the KRL tracks between Depok station and Tanjung Barat station, resulted in a noise value that exceeds the noise quality standard with the average measurement results of (showing for each measurement time) ± 80.05 dBA.

Indonesia's new and renewable energy mix in 2025 is objective at least 23%, and 31% in 2050 requires PLN to look for alternative sources of power supply as a substitute for fuel generation besides increasing new and renewable energy power plants. Advances in technology provide choices of power resources for PLN, one of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) technology, where this technology can be used as a substitute for diesel power plant with a comparable level of services. Therefore, a study of the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) calculation is needed to determine the economic feasibility obtained by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) of investment, maintenance, and operating costs during the plant's lifetime. The simulation resulted in the Levelized Cost of Electricity for Battery Energy Storage System that substitutes diesel engine generating with 5MW power capacity to supply grid electricity. During peak-load is 13,996.77 for Li-Ion Battery and 27,321.38 IDR/kWh for Redox Flow Battery, which is higher than diesel engine generating set as the impact of high investment cost.

Changing people's behavior is the main thing in household waste management. This paper examines people's behavior and the factors that influence behavior change in household waste management in their homes. The research was conducted by conducting a study of household waste management in Bekasi City, West Java Province, Indonesia, because it has heterogeneous community characteristics and a city with the most enormous waste generation in the world. Research focuses on indicators that include the perception, participation and acceptability of the community to influence people's behavior in managing household waste in their homes. This study examined 548 members of the waste bank using a questionnaire to determine community behavior in household waste management. Based on the research results, it is known that the perception, participation and acceptability of the community are correlated with the quality of household waste management. Furthermore, community behavior changes can be carried out by increasing community perceptions, participation, and acceptability in household waste management.

This research analyzes the growing public distrust towards the Indonesian Government expressed on social media platforms during the COVID-19 outbreak. It aims to answer (1) why has there been a growth of disappointment among citizens towards both the central Government and the local Government during the COVID-19 outbreak; (2) what facts and factors are objectively considered sufficient to underlie the expression of "disappointment" that arises in the public domain; and (3) how can the Indonesian Government regain public trust during this Pandemic. This study uses the transformative concurrent mixed methods design and utilizes the Disappointment Theory and the Belief Theory. The results show that the Indonesian Government tried to overcome public distrust by increasing essential indicators: benevolence, reliability, competence, honesty, and openness. These five indicators were maximized in several government policies through the Covid-19 Task Force formation in Indonesia. It is then concluded that the Indonesian Government's policies and protocols during the COVID-19 had been deemed ineffective in meeting society's needs, resulting in significant economic loss and a rapid increase in the death rate. To regain public trust, the Government must increase the quality of its public relations and publish data that can be held accountable.

This research is a comparative study between ASEAN and the EU in handling the COVID-19 outbreak. It aims to answer why the idea of cooperation in ASEAN does not appear in the narrative of the Indonesian government's steps and actions in dealing with COVID-19. Simultaneously, the EU has collectively succeeded in mitigating casualties during the outbreak, and the cooperation can be seen clearly through specific programs for this global pandemic situation. This research utilizes contemporary transformative mixed methods design. The theory employed in this research is the Survival Theory. It is concluded that ASEAN's multilateralism is most ineffective within the health sector, causing a wide discrepancy of medical service and death tolls among ASEAN countries. This is mainly due to ASEAN's non-interference policy. However, though ineffective in the health sector, ASEAN has given economic incentives to revitalize its nations' economy during and after the outbreak.

COVID-19 is a health crisis that is experienced by the world. Many countries decided to close schools, colleges, and universities. The Indonesian government decided to close schools and educational institutions and change the teaching and learning process through face-to-face turns into online learning. The transformation in this process impacts online learning for most teachers and students who have not adapted well. This study aims to analyze the relevant ministries in the education sector, which is less capable and less responsive, creating the right policy to face changes that occur and policy alternatives that should be taken by the government. This study uses the research method mixed method, that is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative with the type of concurrent triangulation to analyze each variable's relationship more accurately. The data source is secondary data sources derived from journals, online news, and previous research survey results. This study shows that there is still the occurrence of inequality of internet access and technology capabilities, especially in rural areas; therefore, online learning facilities and infrastructure should be improved so that there is no aggrieved party.

Soekarno Hatta International Airport is one of Indonesia's largest airports located in the Jakarta area. In 2017 the airport served 63 thousand passengers. With many such passengers, the airport's traffic and around the airport must be massive. Accessibility to the airport is one of the essential factors that can support airport operations properly. Many factors influence passengers in choosing the mode of transportation. There are environmental preferences and social preferences. This study aims to determine passenger preferences in choosing transport mode to Soekarno Hatta International Airport related to environmental preferences and social preferences. The passenger preferences for transport mode are divided into a bus, airport railway, and private cars. This study used a quantitative method. An online questionnaire was shared with the passenger who had traveled to the airport. The result shows that passengers know about environmental preferences, but social preferences are more influential in choosing the airport's transport mode.

In carrying out their duties, medical personnel have a high risk of being exposed to COVID-19, primarily if they are not supported by the Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) and well-planned mitigation scenarios from the Government. The large number of medical personnel affected by COVID-19 in Indonesia is evidence of the mitigation process's failure, even though the medical personnel's role in suppressing the outbreak's spread is vital and significant. Through the mixed exploratory method, there is a relationship or influence in the moderate category between the number of medical personnel in one province and the number of medical personnel infected with the corona. However, the relationship is not too significant. There is a unidirectional relationship, which means the higher the ratio of medical personnel in an area, the lower the ratio of medical personnel infected with the coronavirus. Meanwhile, from the factor of lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), it was found that there was a significant difference between WHO and government steps in optimizing the availability of PPE for medical personnel.

This paper discusses Indonesia's trade balance during the first quarter of 2020 and examines developments in important sectors. The study investigates what policies need to be taken to make Indonesian economy survive. Based on quantitative and qualitative data, Indonesia's trade balance in April 2020 experienced a deficit of 344.7 million US dollars in the export-import performance of the oil and gas and non-oil and gas sectors, after a surplus of 715.7 million US dollars in the previous month. This slump was due to the decline in export performance of manufactured products and mineral fuels, which was influenced by slowing demand, disruption of global supply chains, and low commodity prices in line with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, positive performance of exports in gold, iron, and steel and vegetable oils and fats were able to prevent further decline in non-oil and gas. Despite experiencing a deficit in April, Indonesia's trade balance from January to April 2020 remained surplus of 2.25 billion US dollars. To prevent the trade balance decreasing, government's policy need to strive for independence and sovereignty in fulfilling logistics in the context of national resilience by strengthening the industry and domestic production capacity in various vital sectors.

The service sector is a sector that is increasingly playing a large and essential role in many countries, including Indonesia. Currently, the service sector contributes more than 45% of the economic value-added and absorbs more than 35% of the workforce. Nevertheless, the service sector's critical role in the economy comes from the direct impact of the service sector through its proportion to GDP or labor statistics and its role as an intermediate input and enabler for all economic activity. Even since the economic crisis that hit Asia several decades ago, the service sector has helped the Indonesian economy a lot. During the Covid-19 pandemic, several service sectors experience a sharp slowdown, like tourism and hospitality. Nevertheless, some sectors play an essential role in controlling and stabilize the situation like medical and economy. This study aims to determine why the service sector is considered one of the most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and the possible solution for each sub-sector as a community initiative.

Jakarta is a delta city that stands on an alluvial deposits land with 13 rivers from various parts of the city flowing through the town. It makes Jakarta vulnerable to natural disasters related to water elements, one of which is runoff flooding caused by insufficient river water capacity to accommodate an additional water volume. With the extra unaccommodated water volume, water overflows and cannot be reabsorbed by the land surface to stagnate into areas prone to flooding and disrupt people's activities. Jakarta needs an area resilience against runoff flood disasters, which can be achieved by building infrastructure that is constructed holistically against the city's water elements to accommodate temporary storage of falling rainwater. We used case studies to analyze Jakarta's existing park and its potential. We also analyzed Benthemplein Water Square, Rotterdam, Netherlands, to see how the city can build neighborhood resilience. We conclude that public space as the solution for Jakarta's runoff floods is possible as long as its site context is considered during the design phase. Rotterdam shows that even though the green area is not the dominant part, the built environment can help discharge the rainwater to the nearby river as long as it has a good infrastructure design that can accommodate rainwater storage.

The relative poverty of Japanese mother-child households in Japan is increasing and has complex factors. This study based on qualitative methods and using secondary data from Japan's national government survey, electronic articles, scientific journals, blogs, videos, and social media. Wage and employment disparities are the main causes of mother-child households living in poverty; a liberal labour system also makes it difficult for mothers to obtain stable employment. The patriarchal structure of Japanese society and lack of public assistance adds to the difficulty of mother-child households moving out of poverty. Being a single mother in Japan is very difficult because they must balance making a living and taking care of children. The Japanese mother-child households face food insecurity due to a lack of income and a high living cost. NPO Yamanashi Foodbank makes initiatives to donate food to them, ease single mothers' burden, and save their children from hunger and malnutrition. The analysis results show that Yamanashi Foodbank contributes to innovations in dealing with social changes to poverty and food waste; Yamanashi Foodbank adds problem-solving capacity to Japanese society because the welfare state's power gradually loses to maximize public assistance.

Gili Ketapang is an island with many villages activity that has many different occupations such as trader, home industry, transportation services, retired workers, fishers, and any other. Gili Ketapang's ecology condition indicates a decreasing in the quality environment. The environmental effect affects coral conditions and decreases fish abundance. The purpose of this research is to formulating policy for the Probolinggo government for mid-term years. The main target of this research is creating a map based on GIS with a zoning system to determine conservation area and non-conservation areas. The method used to achieve the purpose is PLS (Partial Least Square), AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), and GIS method. PLS method used to choose the priority based on the multivariate technique that can use many kind variables such as response variable to an explanatory variable with simultaneous. AHP method used to make the best decision from many alternatives includes the procedure. The ground check activity includes collecting primary and secondary data of Gili Ketapang, such as questioner and oceanography measurement (wind, currents, waves, and tidal). The result of this research produces a set of policies to monitor coastal land use of Gili island.

Uncertainty of community rights on land becomes the root of agrarian conflict in Indonesia. Efforts to resolve agrarian conflicts have become important issues in each period of government in Indonesia. The Government of Indonesia issued Ministerial Regulation No.83 of 2016 concerning Social Forestry. The objectives of this policy are forest protection, community economic empowerment, and the resolution of social problems. This study aims to analyze the development and dynamics of agrarian conflicts in the forestry sector from 2013 to 2018 and the role of social forestry schemes in conflict resolution. The method used is descriptive statistical analysis and exploration of secondary data. Agrarian conflicts in Indonesia during 2013 - 2018 reached 2,612 cases of agrarian conflicts with a total land area of more than 7.1 million ha. The analysis shows that the contribution of conflicts in forest areas is 5% to 8% to all agrarian conflicts. The average area of conflict in the forestry sector per year reaches 24% of the total area of agrarian conflicts in Indonesia or 263,269 hectares per year. The conclusion of this research is the resolution of agrarian conflicts with social forestry schemes can be effective if the community is more oriented to the protection and legal recognition for optimizing forest use rather than the demands of legal recognition of land ownership.

Due to the current financial instability worldwide, maintaining business growth requires continuous breakthroughs and innovations. It means that millennials, the current majority of the workforce, need to be innovative instead of feeling insecure about their jobs in this uncertain economic condition. Job insecurity prevents millennials from performing innovative work behavior (IWB) because employees tend to avoid time-consuming activities to generate creative ideas when they are insecure about their jobs. Thus, this study examines the negative effect of job insecurity on innovative work behavior. Given the importance of innovative work behavior, it is worth to find possible ways to minimize the negative effect of job insecurity on IWB. Therefore, this study tried to explore whether flexible working arrangement (FWA) could buffer the negative impact of job insecurity on innovative work behavior. The results showed that the negative effect of job insecurity on IWB would be reduced when the FWA is high. In other words, the negative effect of job insecurity on IWB in low FWA condition (r = -.37; p < .01) became insignificant in high FWA condition (r = -.01, n.s.).

Currently, the peat restoration program is the main solution to tackling land fires. The establishment of the National Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG) in 2016 by the President of the Republic of Indonesia shows the government's seriousness in efforts to restore peatlands. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of social psychology intervention approaches in peatland restoration. This paper shows that community groups who are given social-psychological intervention can perform peat restoration well and in accordance with restoration principles. Not only that, but this group is also able to restore by integrating environmental, social, and economic aspects comprehensively. These three aspects are the main factors for sustainable peatland restoration.

Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) survey in 2018 showed that only 1.2% of households recycle waste and around 66.8% incinerate waste. Low community participation has a negative impact on landfill dependence, managing-cost, sustainable waste management, and the environment. This study aims to optimize community-based household and hazardous waste management at the local government level. This research used policy analysis, field surveys, and in-depth interviews regarding the issuance of Jakstrada. However, Jakstrada is not necessarily the answer to the waste problem. This is in accordance with the target to be achieved from the preparation of the Jakstrada, whereby in 2025 the national waste problem is 100% managed, with no more waste being dumped into the river or open burning in the environment. Waste is encouraged to be managed by applying the 3R (reduce-reuse-recycle) principle, with the key strategy by changing the community's paradigm to build awareness in managing their waste. As the hierarchy of sustainable waste management emphasizes the importance of public participation and changes their perception of waste management as the first step to achieve waste reduction, support for reliable technology is also needed to recycle and reuse waste.

Oil palm has increased welfare and food security for low-income families in Indonesia. In Jambi Province, the independent smallholders own most farms. However, the land area of old or damaged crops reaches 43.38% of the total area. It requires smallholders to perform replanting to avoid a decrease in productivity and income. The research objectives are: 1) describing oil palm replanting in Sungai Bahar Sub-District, Muaro Jambi Regency, 2). analyzing the Amount of smallholder's income and 3) Predicting the contribution of smallholder's income to household living expenditure during the period of replanting. This research was conducted by a descriptive and quantitative method. The results showed a replanting oil palm farm area of 1,96 hectares. Prior to replanting, palm oil farming income was IDR 4,229,530/month. After replanting when crops had not generated, smallholders' income of IDR 1,239,486/month sourced from the cultivation of food crops, namely corn, chili, and peanut. If the household expenses of IDR 2,613,542 per month, then the income from the plantation of horticultural plants or food plants contributes 47.42 percent. It indicates the utilization of palm oil upright land before the crop yield becomes one of the policies considered into question as a contributor to household income.

The spread of sharia housing in Indonesia presents various problems, one of which is the problem of civic pluralism in big cities. It is undeniable that sharia housing, which requires its residents to be Muslims, encourages the formation of uniform religious-based communities that tend to foster group exclusivity. Pluralism and multicultural society, which become the Indonesian state's identity, find their challenges in facing this homogeneity of identity. This paper analyzes the problem of space in the city of Surakarta, which is currently facing the phenomenon of homogeneity of new communities through sharia housing. The data are obtained through in-depth interviews and participatory observation to the developers and Sharia housing buyers in Surakarta. Using an analysis of sustainable communities, civic culture and civic pluralism, this paper finds that the politics of space in Surakarta that emerged from sharia housing development raises new problems, namely the integration of citizens into the local power structure. Sharia housing that develops homogeneity of religious-based communities is a threat to pluralism of space in Surakarta's urban space in particular and Indonesia in general.

The fund management and investment campaign will become a moral hazard to educational institutions as a center of knowledge and culture if it does not involve the community. Using the Smart Behavior Social Intervention Method in Taruma Jaya Village, Kertasari, Bandung Regency, socialize the skills development pattern and identify Laku Pandai's banking partners' income sources. This paper aims to increase product diversification in Laku Pandai associated with the potential for sustainable financial inclusion in the village of Taruma Jaya. Innovation and product alignment with 109 respondents collected and filled out questionnaires consists of the university, industry, government relations, innovation and production processes. The mechanism of interaction between Laku Pandai and the five variables has had a positive impact on the improvement of output at a significant level of 0.05 and the university has the lowest significance compared with other variables. The results show the potential benefits for Laku Pandai when collaboration can boost their products' performance and enable people around Citarum, in particular Kilometer 0 Area, to find job diversification initiated from support for branchless banking to start up business with access to finance.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has continuously been considered a scourge in Indonesia. Negative societal stance might be attributed to the poor biological, psychological, and emotional knowledge of HIV. Here we aimed to demonstrate the level of knowledge, stigma, and barriers for accessing HIV services. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in December 2019 in Kemayoran District, Jakarta, Indonesia. The survey consisted of a demographic section, HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire 18, and Stigma Questionnaires. An in-depth interview was conducted with eight subjects representing high-risk HIV and healthcare professionals; in-vivo and thematic analysis were employed. Overall, 83 respondents participated, 50.6% male, and 61.7% aged 26-45 years old. Instrumental, symbolic, and civility stigma were significantly higher in 25.9%, 19.8%, and 17.3% of samples, respectively. Stigma was associated with HIV knowledge (λ: 0.887, df: 3, partial η²: 0.113), and high knowledge level decreased the odds of instrumental stigma (OR: 0.292, 95% CI 0.095-0.900, p<0.05). Fear of discrimination and limited information was identified as intrinsic factors, while media portrays HIV and extraneous screening hours as extrinsic factors. The knowledge on HIV is still low at the community level in the Indonesian capital, which correlates to higher stigma and inhibits the high-risk population from accessing HIV medical services.

Climate change has the most severe impact on women, but studies on adaptation in a gender perspective are still limited. The purposes of this study were to find out: (1) gender role changes in response to climate change, and (2) the impact of gender role changes on the vulnerability of women. This study was conducted on the peat-swamp ecosystem in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan. Gender roles in natural resource management in adapting to climate change in the peat-swamp ecosystem were descriptively qualitatively analyzed which emphasized relations and gender roles in the household. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. This study used documentation methods with secondary data types. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the gender role of women is divided into three, namely productive roles, reproductive roles, and social community roles. Climate change in Pulang Pisau Regency will interact and be sustainable with gender inequality and which disadvantages women than men, especially among the poor community, so that access to the availability of natural resources is needed in order to solve existing vulnerabilities and increase more real participation in the current climate change adaptation process.

After the 2008 global financial crisis triggered by the subprime mortgage in the United States, financial services authorities in various countries increasingly realized that surveillance and regulation of financial institutions were not enough only through micro-prudential approach, which intended to maintain individual financial institutions, but required macro-prudential surveillance and regulation in maintaining financial system stability. The macroprudential policy aims to limit systemic risks occurring in financial distress conditions that lead to broader economic losses. One of the macro-prudential policy instruments applied by the financial services authorities in various countries, including Indonesia, is the Loan-to-Value ratio limitation. This countercyclical policy is intended to control the rate of growth in property credit. This paper discusses the effects of limiting the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio by Bank Indonesia on the growth of bank property credit in Indonesia. Using ordinary least squares, the results of this study conclude that adopting a tightening LTV policy when economic growth high has a significant influence in holding back the pace of five months of property credit growth after the policy was issued. While the LTV policy's implementation, which is loosening when economic growth is slowing down, has no significant effect in driving the pace of property credit growth.

The factors that influence a program's success determine targets as part of planning, resources, and communication. In contrast, previous research results suggest factors that influence farmers' interest in agricultural insurance are income, risk results, program support, and regional characteristics. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of Farming Insurance (AUTP/Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi) by identifying the conformity and gap between the implementation of farming insurance from 2015 to 2017. Furthermore, based on regression using the panel fixed effect model, the result shows that the variable number of civil servants instructors and risk on the previous year negatively affects the realization of farming insurance distribution on the eight equation models. This shows that civil servants instructors' performance is not yet optimal in supporting the implementation of farming insurance. The decline in civil servant's instructor performance is due to the difficulty in measuring the accountability of the civil servant instructor's performance. Therefore, accountability of the instructor's performance in supporting the program's implementation can be more measurable. As a recommendation, the government needs to start reviewing the Public-Private Partnership system to provide farming insurance to be implemented more broadly.

Entrepreneurship is part of the obligatory struggle for a good cause in a peaceful Islam. This research uses the narrative elaboration about the UMi program's initiation and its process to become a national program to reach 46.8 million grassroots or 78.11 percent of Indonesia's micro-enterprises. It is a specific case study, not a complete, chronological, and deductive writing, but a thematic, eclectic semi inductive process. UMi program matches SDG's Goal 5, 8, and 16 about gender equality, economic growth, and Peace & Justice for the earth's sustainability. The significant result is seen from the parliament permit to use the 7 trillion rupiahs of the State Budget for the UMi program in Indonesia, a peaceful poverty alleviation, albeit being used as a political tool during Jokowi's presidential campaign.

Development of the tourism industry in marine protected areas (MPAs) brings a new challenge for Bunaken National Park (BNP). In 2016 new flight routes were establish to Manado, creating an increased visitor of tourists from China, producing an unusual situation that could jeopardize the coral reefs ecosystem in Bunaken Island. Encounter new policy to increase tourist volume could lead to destructive mass tourism. This paper presented a recent sustainability measurement of Bunaken Islands as a tourist destination, future challenge, and revisiting successful story management of this National Park. Data was collected from previous research, study, and collaboration with experts and an informant to assess all attributes. The data obtained were analyzed using the rapid appraisal technique for fisheries (RAPFISH). The RAPFISH analysis used 28 attributes to measure destination sustainability, based on four indices: ecological (72,83), economic (55,19), social (34,99), and institutional (47,51). Thus ecological and economic dimensions within the status sustainability in the moderate threshold. The findings of this study could use as an early warning for future management of Bunaken National Park.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been developed since the 1950s as an effort to leverage the positive impacts of industrialization on society. CSR is aimed to support sustainable development, which consists of the dimensions of economic, social, environmental, and institutional aspects, and recently to help the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), although the real contribution from CSR to SDGs is still much unknown till today. This research aims to bridge this knowledge gap by conducting a literature study to investigate the focuses and preferences of 51 publicly listed consumer goods industries in Indonesia on their CSR initiatives. The selection of the consumer goods sector is due to the nature of these industries which usually having conflicts with local communities and customers, which can be reduced through CSR implementation. The results suggest that there are imbalanced implementations of CSR from consumer goods industries in the term of scope and target which could be addressed by the policymakers through a better regulatory framework.

Women and men have a role to be the connector of present-future generations. In SDGs 5, the country policy as a system has been allocating part of its plans for women and children's welfare. This study examines the role of the government in allocating its policies along with the urgency to empower. This research is qualitative research with a qualitative approach. Data collected through literature studies and interviews with the informant, namely Assistant Deputy for Gender Equality and Infrastructure, the Indonesian Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection), then the data were analyzed descriptively. The result of this research is that the SDGs synergy has been implemented in the presidential program called Nawa Cita and the National Medium-Term Development Plan. According to the informant, the ministry as the coordinating minister that has specially designed seven programs for women's empowerment and child protection, including in the fields of education, health, furthermore family development. It is shown in the gender empowerment index that every year increases accumulatively in Indonesia. In sum, the gender empowerment program design aims to increase the Gender Development Index in all regions in Indonesia and has been coordinated through the Government Work Plan.

The phenomenon of using social media as online media has become increasingly massive in this decade. Young people as digital native generation are the biggest users in the use of social media today. Research on digital literacy is still rarely carried out, especially in Indonesia. The subjects of this study were young people aged 16-30 years who were active users of social media. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method and use interview and document review as data collection techniques. The informants who were used as research samples were 15 young people. The findings obtained in this study indicate the importance of sustainable digital literacy in the from of activity programs that have a positive impact on knowledge, understanding and skills in using media, especially social media, which is currently often used as a source of information by young people as audiences. This program provides a significant contribution to the dissemination of information in using social media, which is used by young people to made them have the awareness in using the media. The participants provided the understanding and skill in using social media wisely, but in fact the program is not enough, still need a continuous program after. Therefore digital literacy need to involve civil society to make people responsible to the goodness of society.

National development is believed to positively influence issues of peace, justice, and strong institutions, especially in countries with multi-ethnic and religious characteristics. Unfortunately, religious identity politics that emerged in the 2019 election campaign on social media were used to polarize netizens. Factually, in the history of the Indonesian nation, religion has been an indicator of nationalism's emergence. The purpose of this study is to identify the national narrative in religious teachings on Instagram @santrionline, using a qualitative approach with content analysis. As a result, Instagram @santrionline legitimizes the figures of Habib and Kiyai in campaigning for Ukhuwah Wathaniyah in explaining the concepts of social solidarity, national integration, and nationalism, and national resilience. All of this is in line with the goals of sustainable development.

Entrepreneurship for sustainable development is a multilevel phenomenon connecting social, environmental, and economic dimensions between entrepreneurial processes, market transformations. Sandiaga viewed entrepreneurship as an opportunity to draw voters' sympathy through his social media narration during the 2019 Presidential Election. The present study aimed to explore the form of Uno's entrepreneurship narration in Instagram related to SDGs and identify the narration that influenced young people during the campaign period. The thematic content analysis, was applied. This study's data was the documentation of the narrative posts presented in the @sandiuno Instagram account during the campaign period starting from 23 September - 14 April 2019. Of all the posts on that date will be selected from the highest number of comments, after being listed, the unit of analysis in this study is March 18 - April 13, 2019. The study's findings revealed that Uno's narration focused on building hopes and motivation to draw millennial's interest in entrepreneurship. Unfortunately, the narrated entrepreneurship does not depict a holistic description of the entrepreneurship process. It ignored the supporting elements of entrepreneurship, such as capital, market strategy, and strategy to survive the competition. Besides, it neglects the potential risk and does not highlight the sustainability of entrepreneurship.

This study's focus addresses how governance—the leading indicators in the 16th Goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)—affects the government public trust that plays an essential role in SDG achievement. This study examines the effect of governance on public trust in the government using six governance indicators from the World Governance Index for 24 Islamic Cooperation Organizations (OIC) member countries during the 2011-2018 period. This study also examines the effect of two macroeconomic indicators, namely real GDP growth and the unemployment rate, to determine the potential influence of a country's economic conditions in determining the level of public trust in the government. This study uses the Fixed and Random Effect Regression for panel data. The results show that two governance indicators, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism and Control of Corruption, proved to influence the level of public trust in the government positively. However, Voice and Accountability indicator and the unemployment rate are found to negatively affect public trust in government. Standardized Coefficients Regression is also used to compare the effects of governance and macroeconomic indicators and it is found that macroeconomic conditions' influence is slightly above the governance aspects in determining the level of public trust in government.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the disclosure of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and identification of risk, including sustainable development-related risks in ASEAN 5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines) based on industry, country, and disclosure trends every year. ERM disclosures were examined through a content analysis of the 2014-2018 (5 years). The results show that ERM disclosure quality has been increased every year, and the disclosure of ERM is followed by sustainability development-related environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk. Based on the type of industry, manufacturing and financial industries are the highest in performing ERM disclosures. Based on the country, Thailand and Malaysia make better ERM disclosures. Our results recommend for government to make regulations in ensuring compliance with ERM disclosures. Increased ERM disclosure has responses to globalization and regulation; companies are required to analyze ESG risks through ERM disclosures.

This study aims to analyze the influence of gender equality, which is one issue in sustainable development goals (SDGs), on earnings management of banks in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand stock exchanges. This study uses the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) method on 73 listed banks in these countries from 2013-2018. Both linear and non-linear effects of a woman on the board on earnings management are examined in this study, and bank earnings management is measured using discretionary loan loss provisions. This analysis is divided into countries that have one-tier and two-tier corporate governance systems. Our findings suggest that there are insignificant results for the influence of a woman on the board and a woman on the board squared on bank earnings management, measured by discretionary loan loss provision (DLLP), for one-tier and two-tier countries. Meanwhile, there is a different result from previous studies that the presence of three women directors has a significant and positive influence on bank earnings management in two-tier countries. The results of one-tier and two-tier countries can be different because the absolute value of the error term of the two-tier countries is higher than the one of one-tier countries, which indicates higher DLLP values.

Japan's gender inequality, aging population, and economic stagnancy create problems to sustain society. To counter this, under the growth-promotion policies coined as 'Abenomics,' the Abe government proposed a set of policies under its structural reform policy called 'Womenomics. By analyzing policy papers, statistical data, and news articles using Ochiai's familialist welfare concept and Osawa's Japan corporate system, this research aims to add further contrasting evidence on how much Womenomics fare as a women-empowering policy to counter the growing gender inequality, stagnant economic growth and low fertility rates in Japan. However, instead of achieving structural reform, I argued that Womenomics only focused on economic growth 'for the greater good' by utilizing women to enter the labor market without addressing their real problems.

West Papua province holds a crucial role to ensure the NDC target could be achieved in a measurable and timely manner. Despite its rich possession of pristine biodiversity, manufacture industry contributes 3% of the total provincial income. This study aims to predict the GRDP if West Papua incorporates Eco-Industrial Development (EID) to mitigate emissions from the industrial sector and its shares to the local community's economy and the global economy. System dynamic modelling was employed to simulate and project the scenarios. The results show that the GRDP projection under the BAU scenario will rise from about 1,200 billion IDR in 2010 to 2,500 billion IDR in 2030, in parallel with the gradual increase of GHGs emission to 72,000 tonCO2e. The intervention scenario shows that the emissions will reach 57,000 tonCO2e and the economic contraction to 2,000 billion IDR by 2030. Considering the intermediate input, the added benefit for local communities in 2030 could fall from 840 billion IDR to 670 billion IDR in the intervention scenario. The contribution to the outer region's economy could decrease from 230 to 180 billion IDR. Besides the benefit of EID to reduce emissions, the government should also consider the impact of economic contraction.

Foreign investment has always been a polemic in Indonesia, facilitated by provocative undertones on several media outlets. However, how this information can influence people's attitudes towards foreign investment has not been explored much. This research aimed to understand how foreign investment information from different countries could trigger threats and, consequently, influence people's attitude toward foreign investment with the framework from Integrated Threat Theory and information processing. As much as 559 participants participated in an online experimental survey. They were randomly grouped into six experimental groups with 3 (investors cue: China, Saudi Arabia, US) x 2 (threat: symbolic, economic) and one control group. Mediation analysis showed exposure to threat laden information influenced the formation of negative attitudes towards foreign investment through systematic processing by activating economic and symbolic threat perceptions. This effect significantly appears on participants exposed by information containing the economic threat and symbolic threat from China, but not from Saudi Arabia and the US. This result indicates that support towards foreign investment is still heavily related to sentiment to Chinese ethnicity deeply rooted in Indonesia which can hinder the goals towards establishing peace, justice and strong institutions.

The West Papua Province has declared itself a sustainable development province by implementing various programs to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). The social, environmental, and economic factors in West Papua need to be linked to improving the HDI as one of the programs to achieve SDGs. The declining poverty rate in West Papua Province in 2010-2018 has had a significant impact on increasing the HDI of West Papua. This study aims to identify factors that affect the HDI and the dynamics and predictions concerning the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), agricultural sector development, and low-carbon development. This study uses the system dynamic method to understand the economic and environmental variables that affect the human development index. The simulation results indicate that the national GHG emission target can be achieved by a GRDP correction of 162.66 billion based on scenario 1 (29% reduction) and 115.55 billion based on scenario 2 (41% reduction). However, the West Papua HDI will only be corrected by 0.3 (Scenario 1) and 0.2 (Scenario 2). In conclusion, the total GRDP of West Papua was corrected with emission reduction under the 41% reduction scenario, but it does not significantly affect the HDI of West Papua Province.

This study review risk rationing practice in Islamic microfinance to achieve sustainable development goals. Problems related to risk rationing from BMT are the collateral requirement for every financing, the absence of collateral insurance, and collateral fraud from customers. Focus on the importance of character, creating collateral as a formality, a family-based approach to collateral, no collateral for small financing, no specific collateral, outstanding collateral for trustworthy borrowers, business as collateral, and joint liability collateral are the solutions in the case of collateral requirement. Using collateral insurance and conducting indepth checking are also solutions to risk rationing faced by BMT.

This study provides an analysis of customer relationship management implementation in small-medium enterprises. The focus on micro small medium enterprises (MSMEs) is a part of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth and increasing employment opportunities. The banks have a role in supporting the attainment of SDGs. One of the roles in strengthening the excellent relationship with the banks' consumers, especially for the consumers categorized as the borrowers of People Entrepreneurship Credits. The research aims to highlight the critical elements of customer relationship management of banks to maintain customer retention due to the intense financial providers, both bank service and non-bank service. Customer relationship management elements address key customer focus, customer relationship management organization, knowledge management, and technology-based customer relationship management. The research method used in an in-depth interview is based on customer relationship management elements using the managers who are in charge of the customer relationship management departments. The study finds that the customer relationship elements are essential to support banks' ability as the service providers in managing their customers.

This qualitative study aims to analyze brand management's implementation in small, medium enterprises (SMEs) in three areas in Indonesia, which specialized in craft, food, and fashion companies. The performance of brand management addresses five main stages based on Keller's framework of brand management, including 1) developing brand positioning, 2) identifying and developing brand plans, 3) designing and implementing brand marketing programs, 4) measuring and interpreting brand performance, 5) managing brand equity. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data in Yogyakarta, Lombok, and Makassar. The study found that brand management is perceived to be important in supporting SMEs' performance. This study contributes to the importance of brand management in SME by applying the framework of brand management. The finding can help SME managers or owners formulate branding strategies that strengthen SMEs. However, the results also show that some respondents argued about the unimportance of brand management.

The first goal in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 aims to reduce maternal mortality and provide equitable access to maternal health care. High maternal mortality rates are often associated with inadequate maternal healthcare service utilization. The utilization of maternal healthcare services in Indonesia shows variations between provinces, allegedly influenced by each province's contextual factors. This study investigates the association between accessibility and availability of health infrastructure with maternal healthcare service utilization. The multilevel logistic regression method was used to test the hypothesis that the accessibility and availability of health infrastructure were associated with maternal healthcare service utilization. This study indicates that the characteristics of the region where women live have a significant effect on maternal healthcare service utilization. The average distance to the nearest hospital is significantly associated with the three dimensions of maternal healthcare services. The farther the distance to reach the nearest hospital, the propensity for women to utilize maternal healthcare services will decrease. Therefore, to reduce disparities between regions in maternal healthcare service utilization, one of the interventions that can be carried out is shortening the distance to health facilities so that access to health facilities becomes more accessible than before.

Wedding industry is one of industries that managed and expanded their businesses by keeping up with technology. As a form of one-stop shopping and marketplace of Indonesia's wedding industry, Bridestory provides business strategies offered by the latest technology and offers convenience for brides, grooms, and wedding vendors. By providing platforms, websites, social media and mobile applications, it not only creates opportunities to support its sustainability in the wedding industry, but also serves the role of reducing economic inequalities by making wedding references accessible for everyone, not limited to the upper class-only. By constructing the ideology of ideal wedding throughout its digital communication channels, Bridestory is found to be operating their business strategy within the logic of cognitive capitalism. This study aims to dismantle the construction of the ideal wedding that has been revolving around in the industry by identifying four labor strategies in the logic of cognitive capitalism: free labor, immaterial labor, affective labor, and hope labor. This study managed to find the manifestation of value-network model that is related to digital inequality of sustainable development goals. The study found the exploitation of free labor and hope labor via their usage of social media application that contributed to products acquisition.

This article aims to discuss the threat of vulnerability in the oil palm industry-based village. This vulnerability occurs because oil palm which has been the source of people's livelihoods has to be uprooted and replanted. Among the social structures of the village community, the most vulnerable are local farmers and plantation workers who do not own land and the work in oil palm plantations has been their main job. The data collection in this paper was conducted using document study techniques, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and observations from the end of December 2016 to January 2017. This paper has two main findings: firstly, the main source of livelihood for the community relies on oil palm plantations, but it is limited to producing fresh fruit bunches and they have not been able to process any further because the palm oil is transferred to the plantation company. If replanting is to be carried out, the residents' main source of livelihood will be automatically threatened. Secondly, the most vulnerable community groups are the second generation and so on, where they do not have land for gardening and can only work as farm laborers or work in plantation companies.

Palm oil as an agricultural commodity plays an important role in the development of the Indonesian economy, considering it in producing vegetable oil. Policies for developing new and renewable energy in Indonesia aims to encourage the optimization of the use of biofuels from oil palm. This policy still raises pros and cons, so that analysis needs to be carried out through an environmental science perspective. This study aims to assess the sustainability of palm oil (CPO) as a basic material for making biodiesel from environmental, social, and economic aspects, as well as to provide recommendations on a sustainable palm oil biodiesel policy strategy. The method used is a qualitative analysis. Descriptive analysis of supporting literature is used to assess environmental, social, and economic aspects of palm oil-based biodiesel sustainability in Indonesia. The use of biodiesel in the country is expected to be sustainable in line with the stipulation of the mandatory biodiesel of 30 percent (B30) in 2019 by the Government as a substitute for fuel mixture. It was found that there are advantages to using palm oil-based biodiesel compared to other vegetable oils. Palm oil-based biodiesel can be produced in a sustainable manner.

ISPO (Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil) is a mandatory certification policy issued by the Indonesian government. ISPO is aimed at private oil palm plantation businesses and smallholder groups. Plasma farmers are farmers who partner with companies. It is appropriate for ISPO certified companies, and smallholders will be the same in implementing ISPO. This study aims to determine the role of companies in plasma farmers in implementing the ISPO principles for plasma farmers, then to find out the implementation of the ISPO principles by plasma smallholders and to analyze the sustainability status of the implementation of the ISPO principles carried out by plasma farmers. The study used the RAP-Palm method and sampling of plasma farmers in three companies in the West, East, and Central regions of Jambi Province. The results showed that companies that have received ISPO certificates have not been optimal for plasma farmers in applying the ISPO principles. Companies that partner with plasma farmers have not encouraged plasma farmers to implement the ISPO principles. At the same time, the plasma smallholders have not optimally applied the ISPO principles. The MDS analysis results showed that the plasma farmers' sustainability status in implementing the principles is in the medium category (56,02). A new regulation is recommended that encourages companies to help empower plasma farmers in implementing ISPO principles and needs to empower the knowledge and education of smallholders in implementing the ISPO principle. As well as rewards for plasma farmers who implemented ISPO to get a premium price.

One of the SDGs targets is the achievement of transparency of the organization. Information asymmetry is a condition in which management's information is not in balance with shareholders/stakeholders. This study also investigates whether specialist auditors can reduce information asymmetry. Regression analysis using 274 observations of financial data from firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, this research finds that the audit tenure relationship and information asymmetry are u-shaped (a quadratic relationship) with a minimum point at eight years. These results indicate that, in the early years of the audit engagement, the longer a public accounting firm audits a company (tenure), the information asymmetry will decrease. These results indicate that after eight years, the bonding between auditors and clients is getting more robust so that auditors find it difficult to maintain their independence. After eight years, it is necessary to change (rotate) the public accounting firm that audits a company because its independence begins to decline. These results indicate that public accountants have played a significant role in achieving a more transparent and accountable organization, as one of the SDGs' goals.

This study aimed to investigate factors that affect dysfunctional audit behavior, represented by audit quality reduction and underreporting time. Using 117 questionnaires distributed to auditors in Jakarta, a multiple regression analysis is performed to test the hypothesis. The results showed that perceived time budget pressure and continuous professional commitment positively influence audit quality reduction and underreporting time. While professional commitment, affective, type of personality, and auditor position in audit firms negatively affect audit quality reduction and underreporting time. Besides, competencies negatively affect audit quality reduction and do not affect the underreporting of time. On the other hand, normative professional commitment and independence do not affect audit quality reduction and underreporting time. These results indicate that public accountants have played a role in achieving a more transparent and accountable audit firm, SDGs goals no 16.

This study aims to see the effect of client importance on audit quality by comparing before and after the issuance of Indonesian government regulation member 20 of 2015, which states that there is no longer mandatory audit firm rotation for public accountant firm (KAP). By abolishing rotation obligation, the bonding between the client and public accountant firm will be stronger, therefore, the client's importance will further reduce the quality of the audit. However, this study's result does not find any difference in the effect of client importance on audit quality in the period before and after the elimination of the public accountant firm rotation obligation. These results indicate that Indonesia's accountant public firms are still maintaining their integrity, possibly due to law enforcement and sanctions. Thus, auditors maintained their role as the agent of financial statements' trust by providing a high-quality audit to promote accountable and transparent organizations.

As a cultural site, Gunung Padang is a tourist location that can play a major role in nature and cultural conservation efforts. We have to ensure efforts to maintain this site's sustainability inland security and environmental protection and the maximum benefit for the community. This research intended to explain the attempt to ensure sustainability in Gunung Padang as multidisciplinary studies (civil engineering, environmental engineering, and communication studies) using mixed methods. Data were collected both in laboratory and field study. Results show that to measure the site and water supply's safety landscape and convey to the local community and the broader community that the Gunung Padang site must be maintained for its sustainability.

Traditional markets are often evaluated based on consumer judgment. Consumers are considered as determinants of the sustainability of traditional markets from the purchasing side. Even though the managers have their view of the sustainability of their business facilities. Managers have an essential role in good traditional market management. Besides, there are not many studies exploring traditional markets from the managers' perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to study the sustainability of traditional markets based on the managers' perspective. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with in-depth interviews that assessed three aspects: environmental, economic, and social. Interviews were conducted with managers at the Slipi Market, Jakarta. The results show that environmental factors support traditional markets' sustainability as a priority, namely the provision of building infrastructure and waste management, followed by economic factors and social factors. Traditional markets will not be lost by the rapid growth in the number of modern shopping centers because traditional markets are the driving force of the people's economy.

Covid-19 pandemic is attacking almost whole parts of the world. This negatively affects the most Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda. This study is intended to identify the MSME's sustainable economic behavior for struggling poverty through the literature review of agency theory and bounded theory. This literature review uses contextual techniques related to MSME's sustainable economic behavior for struggling poverty with the support of Agency Theory and Theory of Bounded Rationality. The literature exam includes about 15 books and 20 journals collected from the University of Indonesia's virtual library facilities and the Google Scholar application for 2015 - 2020 by using a systematic mapping study. Results indicate that agency theory is an element of different interests (between MSEs and Principals/guarantor of purchasing MSMEs products) then the theory of bounded rationality as elements of rationality and utility (the minimal state of MSMEs). Moreover, the influence that influences (influences) intend to survive or survive economically for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. It is recommendable to apply the agency theory and bounded rationality theory to have a further empirical study on MSMEs' economic resilience.

The concept of sustainable development was introduced in 1972. In contrast, its recent development since 2015 has a global agenda towards 2030, namely Sustainable Development Goals, where nearly all the countries in the world aim to improve the planet and the lives of humankind. However, after five years of the launch of SDGs, it seems the world is failing to achieve the goals. The concept of SDGs with its triple bottom line might look too surreal on the fact that environmentalists will stay environmentalist and capitalist stay being a capitalist. This paper is qualitative research using secondary data, analyzing the concept of Tri Hita Karana (THK) as local wisdom towards SDGs. The paper criticizes the TBL and compares it to THK, whether it could fit more to sustaining the development rather the existing triple bottom line. The methodology used is literature mapping using multidisciplinary grey literature and articles on sustainable development to explain THK's role and sustainable development. As a result, in three sectors, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, THK was best implemented in the forestry sector and positively impacted. In the agriculture sector, it is not easy to see THK's implementation. In fisheries, the player is mostly big companies who are not the Balinese, so it is also hard to see THK's implementation in this sector. THK also cover more dimension than TBL, and this is the opportunity to promote local wisdom for achieving SDG despite the challenges it has.

This paper presents the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a 640 MW combined cycle power plant located in West Java, Indonesia. The power plant adopts the dual-fuel firing system, in which both natural gas and high-speed diesel fuels are used. The LCA was performed using the open-source LCA software OpenLCA version 1.9. A functional unit of 1 kWh of electricity generation was used in calculating the environmental impacts. The system boundary was modeled using the gate-to-gate system, which includes all inputs and outputs for the following subsystems: fuel storage, water preparation, electricity production, and supporting subsystems. The life cycle inventory (LCI) used data gathered from July 2018 to June 2019. The CML-IA baseline method was used to perform the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), providing results for ten midpoint impact categories. All impact categories were normalized using World 2000 normalization factors. The result shows that the most significant impact categories are acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and global warming potential (GWP), respectively. The largest acidification source is nitrogen oxide emission from the combustion chamber, with a percentage of 80.32%. Regarding the combustion stage, the post-combustion method is recommended to remove nitrogen oxide from exhaust gases to lower the AP impact category.

Green open spaces have many functions and positively impact urban communities, both psychologically and physically. Students spend most of their time in the campus area like gardens, but their perspectives are less involved in planning campus gardens as the user of the garden. The condition of the garden as one of the environmental factors depends on the behavior of garden users. On the other hand, the condition of the garden forms the behavior and perspectives of garden users. It is crucial to know users' needs to ensure the sustainability of users' behavior and gardens' condition. Based on these problems, this study aims to understand users' perceptions and problems on-site, create a conversation between stakeholders. Questionnaire results were obtained from 36 active garden users by using a purposive sampling method. The results were analyzed descriptively. The questions were divided into three sections regarding users' cognitive, environmental, and behavioral factors—the results actors, user perspectives, and user behavior that are interdependent and form one another. Universities need to start a conversation concerning users' needs in the campus garden to sustain its condition and a better campus community.

Ease of access for people to be involved in urban environmental preservation is an important factor in overcoming the current problem of global warming and environmental degradation. The gender responsive with social protections program became of efforts to support women to be involved in environmental preservation and climate change adaptation. Efforts to strengthen the community, including vulnerable groups, must be made to maintain urban resilience. The aim of this study to describe the importance of strengthening the involvement of women in environmental preservation activities through social protection programs. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach using literature reviews, with combined type of the descriptive and integrative literature reviews. The results of the study indicate that the social protection program is complementary in environmental preservation activities. In addition, social protection programs are aimed at strengthening women as a vulnerable group so that they can adapt to global warming and improve community welfare through environmental preservation activities. Efforts to strengthen women in preservation activities are related to ecosystem-based management approaches, which also emphasize aspects of stakeholder support in environmental protection activities. This study has a contribution as an alternative capacity building in environmental protection policies with gender responsive approach.

In Central Jakarta, grassroots movements and government institutions have implemented several households and community-scale urban agriculture (UA) initiatives to improve urban food security. However, there is a gap between the bottom-up initiative and formal support from policy planners. This study proposes system dynamics modeling as a viable approach to assess food production's diverse reality in an urban context. We seek to analyze UA's contribution to sustainable urban development in Central Jakarta through UA modeling. We developed our model's structures from our UA practice findings that we gathered from questionnaires, focus group discussions, and field observations. From therein, area of productive green open space, social cohesion from social interactions from farming activities, and potential savings from growing foods were identified as main driving factors of the model, whereas land limitation was identified as a limiting factor. An intervention scenario was simulated to achieve Jakarta's 2018-2030 UA roadmap target for installing productive green space in all child-friendly integrated green public space. Limitations of the models were acknowledged, and suggestions for model development were discussed.

The palm oil sector development can be a driven factor for conflict in some areas. Smallholders are significant stakeholders that affect the palm oil sector's condition and development, including conflict conditions and management. Therefore, conflict management of smallholders palm oil is considered necessary to sustainable business. This paper has investigated the conflict management concept of smallholder palm oil plantation using a sustainable business perspective. Most of the conflict between the company and smallholders happens due to obscure land ownership and negative externalities. However, to prevent the conflict's border impact, the company should have an appropriate method to manage their conflict. Even though the local community does not use violence during the conflict against the company, conflicts may still negatively affect the trust and legitimacy of local communities toward companies. Therefore, we argue that socialization and mediation approaches are successful methods for conflict management. We also argue that integrating social and environmental issues into the core strategies of the company's decision-making process is necessary because conflict is one of the factors used to make sound business and investment decision-making. This study found that conflict management can likely encourage business investment in the company and reduce the company's operational risks and costs.

The Kalijodo green open space has an area with a 48 % vegetation area. The ideal green open space has a vegetated area of 80 to 90%. This can affect its function as a water catchment area and a source of thermal comfort. This research examines the water absorption capability and the value of the thermal humidity index in the Kalijodo green open space. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. Based on the research results, the water absorption capability that is owned is 54,56 %. The optimum value of water absorption capability is about 75 to 95 %. The value of the thermal humidity index obtained was 30,75, and it was in a very uncomfortable category. The comfortable category of thermal humidity index is less than 29. The Kalijodo green open space does not properly function as a water catchment area and thermal comfort source. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the Kalijodo green open space condition, especially in terms of vegetation conditions.

The concept of a smart city has been proposed to solve urban problems. The concept has been implemented in different parts of the world, including in Jakarta, Indonesia's capital city. Jakarta has experienced environmental and socio-economic problems as the consequences of rapid urbanization. Therefore, the local government has initiated Jakarta Smart City since 2014. This paper aims to explain the implementation of the smart city concept in Jakarta based on the six elements of the Smart European Cities, namely, Smart Economy, Smart Governance, Smart People, Smart Mobility, Smart Environment, and Smart Living. The research data is gathered through in-depth interviews with a representative from the government of Jakarta and from the literature review. The results indicate that Jakarta's government has implemented the six elements of a smart city by using digital infrastructure, i.e., online platform and software application. However, there is still a lot of work to be done as there is still room for improvement to maximize the benefit for the city and its residents. One of them is that Jakarta's government needs to optimize the use of the existing applications and increase the awareness of users of these applications.

The city is the face of civilization supported by high economic growth, superior human resource quality, and government center. However, a crisis phenomenon is stored behind the city's greatness due to human behavior within it. One aspect mostly affected is an ecological one. This study focused on the urban ecological crisis in Surakarta City. This paper's research question is; what type of individualistic behavior of the people of Surakarta City? What environmental sector is closest to an ecological crisis indicator according to local communities? Does individualistic behavior affect the higher level of ecological crisis in Surakarta? The author used a mixed-method with a quantitative-dominant and qualitative-less design. Field research procedure has been conducted involving observation, in-depth interviews, and quantitative survey. The statistical analysis process with Pearson's correlation model shows a positive relationship between individualistic behavior and the ecological crisis in Surakarta City. The finding in the individualistic variable is mostly affected by comers' existence and the suspicion among fellow citizens, leading to the revocation deprivation of social values and the fading gotong royong (mutual cooperation) culture. In this study, the ecological crisis is defined as the degraded city facilities, green open space, and river.

COVID-19 has been spreading rapidly and turning Jakarta into the epicenter of COVID-19 deployment. Based on data as of 10 April 2020, there are 50 urban villages in Jakarta whose areas are in free status or do not have confirmed cases of COVID-19, one of which is Kalianyar, Sub-district of Tambora, West Jakarta, which is the most populous urban village in Jakarta and even the most populous in Southeast Asia. This study aims to determine the efforts implemented by people in the urban village of Kalianyar to encounter and survive the spread of COVID-19 in the region. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach through descriptive analysis by in-depth interviews and collecting data, identified the efforts to encounter COVID-19 from the people of Kalianyar. Based on the unit analysis in the science of human settlements (Ekistics) on elements of health behavior and control systems, indicated that Kalianyar Kelurahan implemented efforts through changes in behavior and control in each ekistics unit supported by the example from the headman of Kalianyar. Therefore, Kalianyar had formerly carried out a "New Normal" habit, which was practically implemented according to the people in Kalianyar. The adaptation efforts of the Kalianyar can be an essential lesson for other densely populated areas or urban villages in honing sensitivity to respond to problems that arise due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is an urban development concept that is carried out in Jakarta. The development of urban areas with the TOD concept needs to consider land and water as a support system called the environmental carrying capacity concept. Therefore, this research is conducted to analyze the environmental carrying capacity in the TOD area based on land capability and water availability. The land capability is analyzed based on the elevation, slope, and subsidence, while water availability is analyzed based on groundwater quality and water supply. This research is conducted in the Dukuh Atas TOD area as part of the Jakarta MRT track phase 1. The GIS overlay analysis is used to determine the environmental carrying capacity of the TOD area. The results show that the TOD area is in excellent land capability but inadequate water availability due to its low groundwater quality. Nevertheless, water availability is still in good condition due to the local water company's supply. Therefore, the environmental carrying capacity of the TOD areas has not exceeded.

Urban development is currently one of the main focuses of sustainable development, especially in SDGs point number 11. Coastal areas are potential areas for growth, both from an environmental, social, and economic perspective. However, this area is vulnerable to the threat of natural disasters, which impact communities' vulnerability, especially for their settlements. The coastal area settlements' condition still uses conventional materials, which tend to be not environmentally friendly. The research focuses on identifying and analysing fishery village areas, particularly human settlements and environmental problems. So that at the end of the study, we can find problems that hinder sustainable development and are useful as a database for the development of sustainable settlement designs in the future. The method used is mixed between quantitative and qualitative, with direct observation and secondary data analysis and considering several aspects such as socio-economic aspects, the environment as a whole, and physical elements of the building (material, architectural elements, zoning). The results showed that the area's existing design is directly proportional to the socio-economic level of the community and its socio-culture, as well as a problem point in the development of sustainable coastal settlements.

Urban Slum settlements continue to occur as one of the impacts of urbanization so that it becomes one of the main problems and focuses on city planners. Planning and structuring slum settlements require an up-to-date base map as an accurate source that describes the slum's local situation of the slum. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can provide it. This study used UAV to extract physical characteristics of urban slum settlements located in the Cibogor area within the Bogor Tengah sub-district near Cibalok River banks Bogor-Jakarta railways. The point dense cloud process performed to extract elevation consists of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM). Both elevations were used to generate normalized DSM (nDSM) and integrated with Multi-Resolution Segmentation (MRS) to provide the first classification stage. RGB indexes are computed to provide the second classification stage from the images. Physical characteristics were successfully identified to classify slum settlements and distinguish from formal settlements. The resulted map from OBIA has shown valuable spatial information of slum area to support Development Goals (SDGs), precisely at point 11 regarding Sustainable Cities and Communities, to improve the quality of slum settlements.

In January, WHO declared the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a global pandemic. The easy spread of this virus through contact with infected sufferers is a concern. The COVID-19 pandemic should not be taken lightly, like the Iceberg phenomenon, we do not know for sure the factors that affect the level of exposure. Meanwhile, this pandemic has an impact not only on health but also on the economy, society, culture, and psychology. This paper aims to make modelling using a systems thinking approach with the system dynamics method in DKI Jakarta. This model focuses on the conditions during the "homecoming" before Eid, during Eid, and after Eid (when a back flow that occurs). Simulation results show that the flow of homecoming before and during Eid causes positive case behavior is slightly less than without flow, but the flow of homecoming with a back flow that goes out and into DKI Jakarta will cause a second wave of COVID-19 cases.

Public transportation functions as an urban hub are designed to help the mobility of urban communities. But today, different things happened. When the COVID-19 virus invades the world and been a pandemic ever since March 2020. In DKI Jakarta implementing Large-scale Social Restrictions policy, it directly reduced the people's mobility, so that the number of Transjakarta users also declined. Transjakarta is a type of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). This study aims to analyze what supporting facilities are needed to increase Transjakarta users' confidence in using Transjakarta as a mode of transportation in daily mobility. This study used a quantitative approach. In this study data analysis was performed using the Importance Performance Analysis model. The study results are the COVID-19 pandemic followed by the Large-Scale Social Restriction policy resulted in a significant reduction in the number of Transjakarta passengers, so it is necessary to provision of public supporting facilities needed by Transjakarta passengers when using Transjakarta in daily mobility to stay safe during this pandemic. The level of importance indicates that the facilities related to health protocols are a priority in the Transjakarta service. Especially in keeping physical distancing. In addition, utility facilities like toilets are needed by passenger.

One of the major disasters in Indonesia within the last two decades was the 2006 earthquake in Yogyakarta. The earthquake prompted the government to assist the victims by rebuilding their houses through the post-disaster housing programs. Usually, when designing post-disaster relief houses, aspects such as mass-production speed, building strength, and other functional aspects became the main priority. Consequently, local culture, each occupant's uniqueness, and particular needs are often forgotten to be accommodated in the house. These issues can be solved by applying the flexible housing concept where a house can change according to its users' needs and adjustments to specific patterns as demographics, economy, and the environment. However, previous precedents of houses built with this concept tend to use a frame structure system that is more flexible to modify within the long term. Thus, this research raises a case study of post-disaster relief houses in Yogyakarta built after the 2006 earthquake, which uses a dome structure. Interviews and on-site observation were applied to investigate whether flexible housing applications can be implemented in the house. Overall, this domeshaped post-disaster house is still far from being categorized as flexible housing.

An increase in the area of built-up space can lead to a decrease in the green open space of urban forest in industrial areas so that the minimum standard for urban forest area is not met. One of the environmental management that can provide thermal comfort in industrial areas is urban forests. This article aims to analyze and evaluate the availability and needs of urban forest vegetation to provide thermal comfort in industrial estates by utilizing Landsat 8 satellite imagery. The methods used in this article are qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative methods were using secondary data in the form of literature studies. Meanwhile, the quantitative methods were following to obtain information on the availability and needs of urban forest vegetation using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method on Landsat 8 images. The analysis of urban forest vegetation in industrial areas found that forest vegetation city in industrial area X has a fairly low area. The distribution is not evenly distributed and only at a few points. The current urban forest vegetation needs for each workforce in industrial areas X is 3.96 m² / person.

Bintan Regency is regarded as a significant potential tourist destination. The tourism sector has already been developing quite rapidly there in recent years. This study examines its stages of tourism development based on Butler's tourism area life cycle model. Identification of the stages was made by looking at the characteristics of various criteria: destination characteristics, marketing response, economic impacts, social impacts, and environmental impacts. The stage identification result shows that this district is in a "development" phase. Using this result, we generate a strategy for pushing Bintan Regency to the next stage in the TALC model. The AHP model was developed as a decision support system to determine a priority strategy based on experts' assessment of tourism development in the Bintan district. From the analysis, we found that economic and social criteria have a more significant impact on the regency's development. Meanwhile, security and safety improvements and quality of service improvements must become higher strategic priorities. They were also regarded as being the most important strategies to develop the tourist areas of the Bintan Regency during the "consolidation" stage.