Table of contents

The Ural State Agrarian University is one of the leading agricultural universities in the Russian Federation. The International Scientific and Practical Conference "Development of the agro-industrial complex in the context of robotization and digitalization of production in Russia and abroad" was held on October 15-16, 2020 (on-line format) as part of the holiday dedicated to the Day of the Agricultural and Processing Industry Worker. The international conference DAICRA 2020 was held at the site of the Ural State Agrarian University in Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.

The main directions of the International Scientific and Practical Conference were the following:

1. Creation and use of modern digital, intelligent, robotic systems and technologies, new materials and methods of construction, big data processing and the Internet of things in the agro-industrial complex.

2. Modern directions of high-yield, environmentally friendly agro and aqua farming, development and implementation of systems for the rational use of modern means of chemical and biological protection of agricultural plants.

3. Efficient production, storage, processing and pre-sale preparation of agricultural products. Creation of safe and high-quality, including functional food products based on modern genetic and breeding methods in crop production.

4. Modern trends and methods of countering technogenic, biogenic, socio - cultural and cyber threats for the agro-industrial complex at the present stage.

5. Modern problems of interaction between man and nature, man and technology, and social institutions.

6. Adequate response of science and society to global challenges in the context of production intellectualization.

7. Food security. Economics and legal regulation in the agro-industrial complex.

List of Organizing Committee, Program Committee are available in this Pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: materials (articles) went through a double-blind peer review procedure

• Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers. Was there the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions?

The organizing committee of the conference received materials, scientific articles corresponding to the specialization of the conference and possessing scientific novelty.

It was not allowed to send already published articles or articles sent for publication to other publications to the organizing committee.

The results presented in the article should be formulated in the form of scientific provisions that clearly define the essence of the contribution to science.

After the initial verification of the articles for originality, the articles were sent to the double-blind peer review procedure, where the materials were evaluated for compliance with the requirements for publication, conference topic, scientific research relevance. The articles should clearly demonstrate the scientific interest of the results.

Only after a positive review, the material (scientific article) was accepted for publication.

Criteria used by Reviewers:

- Does the article contain enough new material for publication?

- Is the paper scientifically sound and not misleading?

- Is the paper clearly written, concise and understandable?

- Will the article have interest and influence in scientific community?

- Should the written English of the manuscript be edited?

- Is the subject of the scientific article and writing style consistent with the quality of publication in IOP Publishing?

Materials that do not meet the requirements were rejected or, if possible, were recommended for making the appropriate changes, after which the materials re-passed the procedure for compliance with the recommended requirements.

• Conference submission management system: the conference organizing committee received materials, scientific articles by email daicra2020@mail.ru. Correspondence with the authors was conducted by e-mail. The corresponding editor, Viktor Kukhar, corresponded with the authors and followed the entire process.

• Number of submissions received: 100

• Number of submissions sent for review: 81

• Number of submissions accepted: 66

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 66%

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 21

• Any additional info on review process (ie plagiarism check system): a positive result of the uniqueness check (anti-plagiarism) was received by materials (scientific articles) with an originality of 75% and higher. The check took place in the system https://www.antiplagiat.ru

• Contact person for queries: Viktor Kukhar, Ph.D. in Economics, Department of International and Information Activities, Ural State Agrarian University, city of Yekaterinburg, Karl Liebknekhta Street 42, 620075, Russia, daicra2020@mail.ru

In modern conditions, the importance of digitalization for the university success in the education market is growing rapidly. Competitiveness, and ultimately survival of the educational institution in the information environment depends on how timely it will be included in this process. This article is devoted to considering the features of the digital transformation process and its impact on the university reputation. The development trends of distance education in Russia are analyzed, main missions of a modern university are examined in detail, and it is proved to maintain its competitiveness in the context of digitalization, the university must implement not only basic - educational and scientific missions, but also new, entrepreneurial and innovative ones. Only those universities that succeed in efficiently operating in all directions will be able to strengthen their positions in the market. The features of monitoring the reputation of the university are revealed, the target audiences, to which communication efforts should be directed, are considered. Particular attention is paid to methods of reputation analysis. One way to maintain a reputation is publicity. Publicity monitoring during the formation of a university's reputation in the context of convergence and digitalization allows one to be more attentive to promotion tools.

Russia has revived its vitiviniculture in the beginning of XXI century. Without the burden of old regulation and established reputation the modern technologies including digital technologies could be expected to prosper here. To certain extent it happened and Russian academics and innovators have offered some digital solutions for the wine makers related to the mapping of the vineyards and crop. Still predominantly, the digital technologies in Russia are designed for the control and surveillance. The legislation on viticulture and wine making and its social environment push the technology development toward the vigilance and control of the final product rather than towards the transformation of vineyards management. The renaissance of the viticulture in Russia opens unique opportunity to make Russian vitiviniculture modern and advanced sector of economy. However, this innovative potential is still left unexploited.

Trade liberalization does not mean that the role of Customs authorities is diminishing. Instead, the modern customs should expedite cross-border trade to promote economic development and preventing illicit trade. Certain sub-stances and commodities that cross borders are considered to be "environ-mentally sensitive" for human health and ecosystems. The environmental illicit trade causes serious damage to the environment. It is considered as a threat for national environmental security. In many countries, customs plays an important role in protecting of the environment. It enforces the provisions of the Multilateral Environmental Agreements (henceforth MEA). The present study is a systematic review of customs – related environmental issues at different levels. Particular attention is paid to examples of customs escort of MEA from the experience of the Russian Federation, the EAEU and the BRICS. The results of the study can serve as a basis for developing measures for the ensuring environmental security with the help of customs management practices, tools, and techniques.

In the research work, the authors propose an approach to a comprehensive evaluation of agriculture competitiveness in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation based on the construction of a hierarchical multidimensional model. Current state of agriculture, its competitiveness, system of indicators of competitiveness of the agrarian sector, based on competitive advantages are assessed, choice of the most important indicators that formed the basis for regions division into three clusters differing in terms of agriculture functioning is justified. The analysis of clusters made it possible to identify directions for further development of groups of regions to achieve growth in agricultural production in accordance with the Forecast of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2036 and the Strategy of spatial development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025.

The purpose of this work is to consider and highlight the main problems of introducing digital technologies into the work of agricultural organizations in Russia. Moreover, the main emphasis is placed on the coordination of the practice of using intelligent technologies and the rural contingent. Considered are decrees and resolutions of the Government aimed at the priority development of the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation (RF) through digitalization, for example, the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2017 No. 1632-r "Digital economy of the Russian Federation". The infrastructure of rural settlements in the Russian Federation, its state and composition of the population were studied, the shortcomings and problems associated with digitalization in the agro-industrial complex were identified, and ways of overcoming them were simultaneously proposed - in particular, the use of clustering of Russian regions to improve work in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation, the determination of the main characteristics for carrying out multidimensional scaling both for all territories of the Russian Federation and for agriculture in each region.

Whey is a unique raw material in the production of specialized food products due to the presence of easily digestible proteins and a wide range of minerals. The paper considers the technology of making whey cheese "Ricotta" from cheese whey with the addition of dietary fiber in the amount of 1, 3 and 5% of the raw material weight. The quality of the used cheese whey was assessed. The sequence of technological stages of production of Ricotta cheese enriched with dietary fiber is presented. The results of physicochemical studies of the Ricotta cheese samples showed that with an increase in the added citrus dietary fiber, the fat content decreases from 6.42% in the control sample to 5.02 in the sample with the addition of 5% citrus dietary fiber; the moisture content increases from 63.18% in the control sample to 65.88% in the sample with 5% dietary fiber. The results of descriptor analysis showed that with an increase in the content of dietary fiber, the product develops a citrus smell and taste, the texture becomes denser. The sample with the addition of 3% citrus dietary fiber has the most harmonious sensory indicators. The yield of whey cheese with 10 liters of cheese whey ranged from 496 g - a control sample, to 544 g - a test sample with the introduction of 5% dietary fiber. Thus, the results obtained show the possibility of introducing citrus dietary fiber into whey cheese.

Soybean is the main protein and oil crop in the world. The production of soybeans is increasing every year. The special attention is given to the breeding and seed production of this crop due to its high economic importance. Currently, the morphological characteristics are used to characterize new varieties, applied for a patent. The analysis of polymorphism of the lengths of microsatellite loci (SSR) allows both to identify genotypes exactly and to evaluate genetic homogeneity within a variety. Soybean is a self-pollinating plant species; cross-pollination is extremely rare. The study of the genetic homogeneity of modern varieties of cultivated soybean showed the presence of genetic variability in five of the twenty studied varieties. We observed the heterogeneity of the varieties from one to four DNA SSR loci. We found the maximum level of intravarietal polymorphism in the variety Vilana beta – 46 % by the Soypr1 locus.

The parasitic plant Orobanche cumana Wallr. is one of the main biotic limiting factors for obtaining high yields of sunflower. Since plant resistance to different broomrape races in different genotypes can be controlled by different genes, to ensure the evaluation of breeding material using DNA markers (MAS), it is necessary to localize the resistance gene for each of the sources. The aim of the research is to find the location of the Or₇ gene, which controls the resistance to one of the most virulent broomrape races, on the sunflower linkage map and to determine the DNA markers cosegregating with it. For research we used the lines of breeding of V.S. Pustovoit of All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) resistant and susceptible to race G of broomrape. We used SSR-primers ORS 683, ORS 1040, ORS 1112, and ORS 202 for the PCR analysis. We excluded the location of the gene in the upper part of LG3 in the immediate proximity to the microsatellite loci ORS 683, ORS 1040, ORS 1112. Based on the studied literary sources and the reference genome of the sunflower HanXRQr2.0-SUNRISE, we compiled a partial physical map of LG3 and determined the area for further search for the localization of the Or₇ gene and DNA markers cosegregating with it.

The research was carried out to study the biological activity of proteases of filamentous fungi, in particular the recombinant protease of Aspergillus ochraceus BMKF41040 micromycete, on a biological model of a unicellular organism - a culture of Paramecium caudatum ciliates. The test object Paramecium caudatum is characterized by a short life cycle, rapid reproduction, it is a convenient model for studying the response of an organism to the effects of preparations. The experiment consisted of 3 stages: rapid assessment of the biological activity of the recombinant protease of Aspergillus ochraceus BMKF41040 micromycete on the culture of infusoria in the stationary growth phase; the assessment of the biological effect of the studied object on the mechanisms of adaptation and cell resistance under the damaging effect of an unfavorable factor; the assessment of the biological activity of the studied objects by the reproduction intensity of ciliates. The results of the studies have shown that the recombinant protease of Aspergillus ochraceus BMKF41040 micromycete does not have a negative and stimulating effect on ciliates and does not affect their reproduction rate. It exhibits moderate biological activity in the test with the action of an unfavorable factor.

The data of three-year studies on determination of the optimal terms and rates for the herbicide Puma Plus use, EC on spring wheat crops are presented. The experiments were carried out on meadow-chernozem medium-low-humus medium-loamy soil in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. In the variant without herbicide use, the proportion of weeds in the agrophytocenosis varied over the years from 12.9 to 19.0%, which corresponded to the average degree of infestation. Spraying of wheat crops began with the formation of 2-3 leaves in the culture and continued every 5 days. 20 days after the first period of herbicide application, 2-3 nodes were noted on wheat stalks (a variant with the last treatment period). Three herbicide rates were used – 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 l/ha. At all treatment periods and herbicide rates, a weak level of contamination was achieved. The share of weeds was in the range of 0.1-5.8 %. Increases in the yield of wheat grain are significant for all terms and rates, which indicates the possibility of using the Puma Plus herbicide, EC from the formation of 2-3 leaves and up to the formation of 2-3 nodes on wheat stalks.

Technical and technological renewal of the agricultural sector is the main priority of the national agricultural policy, thanks to which the country will be able to reach food independence and security. The modern material and technical base of the industry in most regions, as well as in the country as a whole, is distinguished by a high degree of physical and moral deterioration. It is impossible to produce agricultural products that meet the requirements of world standards with the help of an outdated material and technical base. Due to low profitability, technical and technological renewal and modernization of the material and technical base of agriculture must rely on solid state financial support. Currently, the industry is deeply dependent on technical provision with imported machines and equipment. The key task of the current agro-industrial complex should be considered its transfer to innovations, digital technologies, and robotization. The industry's orientation towards these areas requires the development of modern methods for assessing the efficiency of using fixed assets, innovations and investments.

The article estimates the dynamics of the real volume of investments and subsidies during the implementation of the national project and state programs of agricultural development in 2008-2012 and 2013-2020. In the regional context, a sharp differentiation in the volume of subsidies is revealed. The dynamics of resource potential and efficiency of agriculture in 2006-2018 was evaluated, confirming the reduction of resource potential in most Russian regions, including arable area, livestock, supply of agricultural machinery, labor resources. Based on the use of panel data, the influence of investments and subsidies on key indicators of agricultural efficiency is determined, as well as the influence of other statistically reliable factors, such as the plowing ratio of agricultural land, available power, application of mineral fertilizers and fodder costs, climate productivity utilization coefficient.

The variety of soil and climatic conditions, field topography, precipitation, soil type and vegetation cover of various zones of Russia indicates the need to choose the technology and complex of machines for cultivating crops in accordance with the conditions of the farming zone. At the same time, one of the main factors for obtaining high yields of high-quality grain is the method of cultivated crops sowing and the type of coulter used. Depending on the sown area of the farm, the sowing of various crops seeds is carried out by tractors of the 1,4-8 traction class, which requires the development of sowing machines with different capture widths, row spacing and depth of seed embedding in the soil. In this regard, there is a need to develop a design scheme and substantiate the parameters of the sowing machine and its nodes, made of the same type of modules with different working widths, made up into a sectional frame and equipped with a universal sowing section with replaceable anchor, disk, keel, T-shaped and spear coulters for sowing crops cultivated using various technologies. At the same time, the sowing machine should have a low metal consumption, minimal traction resistance and maximum productivity, meeting the agrotechnical requirements for various crops sowing.

One of the most pressing problems of human society is ensuring a harmonious relationship between society and nature. As a result of inefficient use of plant resources, the ecological balance is disrupted, and together with a decrease in the stock of plant raw materials, it has a negative impact on human health. Due to the high medicinal properties of medicinal plants and low side effects, the demand for them is constantly growing all over the world. This is a great achievement for the economy and medicine, but if raw materials are not used efficiently, they will lead to a decrease in plant reserves. This article discusses the determination of seed productivity in laboratory conditions of plants Artemisia Schrenkiana collected from Urzhar District of East Kazakhstan and Chorispora bungeana Fisch collected from the Trans-Ili Alatau of Almaty region. Laboratory experiments have shown high germination of Chorispora bungeana and Artemisia schrenkiana seeds, but the germination of seeds collected from different populations is different: for example, Artemisia Schrenkiana and Chorispora bungeana plants had the highest laboratory germination of № 2 seeds. This is probably due to the remoteness of these populations from anthropogenic factors. because 1 and № 3 populations of Artemisia Schrenkiana were found in the vicinity of settlements, while № 2 populations were located in pastures far from villages. The population of or 1 of the plant Chorispora bungeana was found in the Trans-Ili Alatau, a popular tourist destination, and the population of № 1 was found in the highlands, where people do not go often.

Spring wheat seeds react to the effect of stress factors of various natures with a nonspecific adaptive reaction, accompanied by intense emission of stress ethylene in trace amounts during the entire time, while. On the one hand, they remain viable, and on the other hand, have mechanical, radiation-chemical and temperature damage. Damaged air-dry seeds are not able to regenerate damaged organs and tissues and, being in a state of chronic stress, permanently induce ethylene biosynthesis. The effect of stressed seeds on intact ones is achieved remotely when they are stored together in the air environment and are blocked by active aeration, air-insulating materials and a decrease in temperature. The stronger the damaging effect on seeds is caused by the stress factor, the more intense is the accumulation of stress ethylene. An increase in the duration of exposure of intact by stressed seeds is accompanied by a more pronounced physiological modifications in seedlings of intact seeds with a sequential change in time in their stimulation of the initial growth processes and a sharp deterioration in sowing qualities.

To understand all the structural complexity of soil fertility, one can use the principal component analysis of factor analysis. Factor analysis, with all its shortcomings to identify structural relationships between variables, can be used to understand the complexity of soil fertility, by some assumptions. It can be estimated through bonitet. The work was carried out on the basis of materials from an agrochemical survey of agro-gray soils. Exchangeable acidity, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, humus, the sum of exchangeable bases and bonitet calculated in accordance with them were analyzed. The sample number was 68. Group 0 included bonitet with values less than 90 units and group 1 had bonitet with values more than 90 units. It was found that the contribution of exchangeable acidity and phosphorus to the first main component, which accounted for about 39% of the total dispersion, was maximum and equal to 0.7 and 0.84 units, respectively. Humus and potassium were positively associated with the second component (29% of dispersion) and their contribution was 0.7 and 0.81 units, respectively.

The influence of secondary metabolites of bacteria from perennially frozen rocks on the activity of photosynthesis processes in potato leaves cultivated in vitro has been studied. Early meristemous potato plants of Zhukovsky variety were used as an object of research. The concentration of photosynthetic pigments of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids was determined by spectrophotometry. Calculation of concentrations of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids by Wellburn formula. It was found that when potato microplants are grown together in the Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium with metabolites of bacteria of Bacillus cereus 9-08-CH9 and Achromobacter spanius 10-50TS2 strains, introduced at the moment of drawing in a dose of 250 pl, under conditions of sufficient and optimal nutrition the process of photosynthesis is stimulated. First of all: by activating the light-gathering ability of the plant, by increasing the synthesis of chlorophyll b (on day 20), as well as increasing the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors, through the synthesis of carotenoids (on day 30). The obtained results can be used for creation of biopreparations on the basis of microbial metabolites in order to increase efficiency of microclonal reproduction technology of potatoes.

Alternaria blight (pathogens are fungi Alternaria spp.) is one of the most harmful diseases for brown mustard. We carried out the research at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2017-2019 on the brown mustard variety Nika. In all variants we counted the mustard plants affected by Alternaria blight at the yellow pod stage, during the most intensive development of disease on plants. The aim of the research is to study the effect of modern fungicides on reducing the harmfulness of brown mustard Alternaria blight in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. We established that the treatment of brown mustard plants with fungicides at the green pod stage reduced the prevalence and development of Alternaria blight by 50.0-64.0 and 27.0-36.5 %, respectively, in comparison to the control (92.0 and 44.0 %, respectively). The preparations containing tebuconazole 250 g/l, EC and boscalid 200 g/l, SC showed the best biological effectiveness – 80.0-83.0 %. The yield of brown mustard seeds in variants with these preparations significantly exceeded the control (by 0.40-0.48 t/ha). The oil content of seeds was significantly higher than the control (by 3.8-6.5 %) in variants with tebuconazole 250 g/l, EC, boscalid 200 g/l + dimoxystrobin 200 g/l, SC and azoxystrobin 200 g/l + cyproconazole 80 g/l, SC.

The article describes a model of a digital human-machine system, in the form of a three-dimensional model of an active exoskeleton with five links of variable length, developed for possible use in agriculture. The difference between the proposed model of an active exoskeleton and the existing ones is that links are used that can change their length under the action of applied loads, and energy recuperators are built into these links. In each joint of the links between each other there are gravity compensators. These design solutions can reduce the load on the electric drives of the exoskeleton and increase the battery life of the device, which is important when used in agriculture. As an interface between a person and an exoskeleton, touch sensing will be used. The principle of operation is that the signals from the touch sensors will be sent to the control module of the exoskeleton, amplified and implemented by electric drives in accordance with the movement of each link of the human endoskeleton with minimal delay. Each link of the exoskeleton consists of two sections of constant length, having a mass, and one weightless section between them, changing its length. The links are connected to each other by a combination of joints. A set of differential equations is written in the form of a system describing the exoskeleton dynamics. This system was written in a generalizing matrix-vector form. Much attention is paid to the possibility of real application of the proposed model of the active exoskeleton in agriculture and the positive results arising from its practical use.

The article discusses the possibility of detecting and classifying rice fungal diseases by image using convolutional neural networks. Fungal diseases cause tremendous economic damage to rice growing and it is very important to determine the disease accurately and at an early stage in order to take timely measures to combat them. The paper compares four modern neural network architectures and shows that on a test sample that includes two classes of diseases – leaf blast and brown spot, as well as a class of healthy plants, the achievable classification accuracy can be more than 95%. Authors argue that the results obtained can be used to automatically detect fungal diseases in rice and to make a decision on the implementation of protective measures, which could be carried out with minimal labor and time.

Digital technologies will continue to fill our world, creating new opportunities to change our lives. The world we live in is literally awash with digital technologies. They initiate and continue to initiate changes, running through all aspects of our lives, our environment, and the entire society of which we are a part.

The use of digital technologies in this paper is considered as a key factor in the complete transformation of the functioning methods of the agro-industrial complex and agriculture. The article examines the role of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex, notes the benefits of using innovative digital technologies, and describes the factors that hinder the process of informatization of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). It also provides examples of how the use of digital technologies contributes to the improvement and functioning of agri-food systems efficiency.

Poultry meat is a full-value food product for the population. It is widely used in general and specialized diets. Thanks to the work of breeders, breeds of meat-egg chickens with high egg production and high-quality meat were bred. At the same time, the meat of meat-egg chickens is somewhat inferior in organoleptic parameters to broiler meat, which to a lesser extent allows it to be used in the production of specialized meat-based food products. The paper presents the results of research on the development and production of specialized semi-finished products for the nutrition of pregnant women, using meat of meat-egg chicken. To increase the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of the developed semifinished products, a new product from chicken eggs is introduced into the latter – egg coagulated melange, enriched with kelp. Kelp is a source of iodine in a bioavailable form. Calcium enrichment of the developed semi-finished products was carried out by the product of the chicken egg-shell processing - a mineral concentrator, in which calcium is in an easily digestible form.

The conducted studies, the results of which are presented in this article, allowed to establish that the enrichment of functional ingredients based on chicken eggs led to an increase in the nutritional value of semi-finished products, an improvement in organoleptic indicators. The introduction of kelp in the composition of enriched melange reduced the loss of iodine. Thus, efficient processing of poultry products was carried out: meat of meat-egg chicken (processing of the shell and the egg itself).

During the study, the phaseolin types in 24 bean varieties from the Novosibirsk SAU collection were determined: 20 varieties are of T-type, 2 varieties - S-type. Two varieties showed a type of phaseolin previously undetermined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. It was conditionally designated as N-type by us. Statistical analysis of the relationship of phaseolin type with economic and valuable traits showed a reliable relationship with the mass of 1000 seeds and the number of seeds from the plant. A number of other traits showed evidence of differences uncertainty between phaseolin types. Further research with a large number of varieties is therefore required. In the early stages of the breeding process, however, the phaseolin type can be used in the selection of forms with valuable breeding traits.

Mineral nutrition plays an important role in the processes of growth and development of the grape vine. Our studies show that using microfertilizers based on chelates during the growing season contributes to an increase in the bunch weight by 3.9-18.2 g and in the grape yield by 5.4-18.9%. Experimental grape samples are characterized by a higher content of titratable acids (by 0.8-1.8 g/l) and anthocyanins in a berry (by 12-39%), the proportion of extractable anthocyanins (by 3-8%) and a low content of seed tannins (by 2-3 times) compared to the control. In the prepared wines, the content of the total dry extract and phenolic substances exceeded the control values by 1.3-6.1 g/l and 13-27%, respectively. Experimental systems of treatment had a positive effect on the quality characteristics of wines: red color, varietal aroma of berry direction, fresh and fuller palate compared to the control variant, which was reflected in the tasting assessment (5-7 points higher than the control).

The work is devoted to establishing the influence of aridity on the risk of negative soil changes caused by residual pesticides presence in spring and autumn. Using the Earth's remote sensing method, it is shown that the NDMI index is decreasing and aridity is increasing in the following direction: Lipetsk Oblast- Kursk Oblast - Voronezh Oblast-Belgorod Oblast-Ulyanovsk Oblast -Samara Oblast -Saratov Oblast - Penza Oblast -Orenburg Oblast --Stavropol Krai-Karachay-Cherkessia. Correspondence was established between the increase in region's aridity and the increase in the risk increment value for the period from spring to autumn due to the presence of residual pesticide content in the soil. This circumstance can be associated with pesticides accumulation in the soil cover, an increase in their consumption and a decrease in destruction in conditions of arid climate. DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane cause the highest risk increment due to soil accumulation, trifluraline is more subjected to conversion in the soil, has less effect on risk change of soil agroecological condition.

This article presents relevance of distance learning technologies in the current stage of public relations evolution owing to the development level of electronic devices for data transfer, processes of economic integration, the need to "socialize" for people with limited mobility, the need for lifelong learning, and changing conditions of interaction during 2020^th pandemic. Based on the analysis of legal as well as organizational and methodological documentation, the available educational experience of general and higher education teachers and our observations, an attempt is made to summarize the challenges of distance learning caused by the imperfection of distance learning regulation, insufficient development of theoretical backgrounds and methodology of distance learning. The mechanism for using ICT technologies in distance learning is also insufficiently developed. This article reveals the decline risks in the quality of education and threats to the health of students in the realization of distance learning. Our own experience in the implementation of distance learning using the "flipped classroom" technology is given.

In various sectors of the agro-industrial complex, innovations are used to improve production efficiency. For livestock and poultry farming, innovative solutions related to feed additives are especially relevant. A valuable phytogenic additive to the feed rations of farm animals and poultry is hydroponic green fodder obtained by germinating seeds. Off-season obtaining of green forage on a hydroponic basis is associated with significant expenditures of thermal and electrical energy, in connection with which the urgent task is to reduce the energy intensity of production. To increase the energy efficiency of green fodder production, it is proposed to create the necessary conditions for the seeds to realize their potential with the help of methods and means of electrical technology, which make it possible to realize "smart" (controlled) germination and to influence the bioelectric potentials of seeds due to their electrification. As a result of the studies carried out, the maximum charge received by germinating seeds of legumes in the corona discharge field was determined. It was found that the electrification of germinating seeds promotes the activation of growth processes, an increase in the yield and quality of hydroponic green forage, and a decrease in the energy intensity of its production.

Halothamnus subaphyllus (C.A. Mey.) Botsch. – is a wild shrub, a potential fodder plant for introduction to culture in arid regions of Russia. This plant is well eaten by sheep, goats, horses, and camels. In bud stage, it contains 24.7% of protein, 2.7% of fat, 36.9% of nitrogen-free extractive substances, and 18.2% of fiber. Ecologically it is a haloxerophyte. Halothamnus subaphyllus is resistant to drought and tolerant to soil salinization. In introducing a new fodder plant into the culture, it is very essential to know the possibilities of its accelerated reproduction. Thus, we studied the reproductive biology and seed productivity of this plant in arid conditions. The initial blossom of Halothamnus subaphyllus is late May-mid-June. Halothamnus subaphyllus is a self-fertile plant. In the first year of life, this plant generates an average of 15.5 g of seeds per shrub. In the second and third years, seed productivity grows and reaches an average of 236.1 g per shrub, with 1 ha of 300-350 kg of seeds. Net reproduction of Halothamnus subaphyllus is 30-35. It means that the obtained seeds can be sown on 30-35 hectares of planted acreage.

The analysis of bacteriophages usage in cheese production to reduce food listeriosis risk was performed. Products based on listeriosis bacteriophages are recommended in the United States and Western Europe for cheese processing. An increase in the activity of domestic cheese producers causes the relevance of phage-containing compositions use on the basis of listeriosis bacteriophages, as well as the development and testing of the technology of cheese bioconservation at the stage of cheese head ripening using a phage-containing composition. Technologies of cheese bioconservation at the stages of cheese head ripening using a phage-containing composition have been designed and tested.

The article considers the research hypothesis - drive to increase the uniformity of animal husbandry development in different natural and climatic zones, due to production robotization and digitalization. The high level of technical equipment of livestock farms contributes to the reduction of regional heterogeneity. To determine the models and indicators describing the processes in agriculture, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the object of study. The working hypothesis was evaluated using cluster analysis based on data from 84 regions of the Russian Federation based on 11 indicators reflecting financial, industry and labor characteristics. Cluster analysis showed that only 30% of farms have indicators that exceed the average level for Russia. The complex of existing problems does not allow to fully and rationally use available opportunities for the development of the livestock industry in the regions.

This paper shows the study on the possibility of using ash-tree (Fráxinus excélsior) wood-working waste for removing heavy-oil products from aqueous surfaces by sorption method. In order to improve sorption properties, ash-tree sawdust was exposed to ultrasound treatment at 35000 Hz for 5 hours in aqueous environment. Waste diesel engine oil was used as a sorbate. The physico-mechanical properties of modified sawdust are determined: bulk density, buoyancy, moisture content, ash content and physicochemical characteristics of sorbate. The simulation of motor oil spills on the water surface was carried out; oil and water absorption were determined. It was shown that ultrasound-modified ash-tree sawdust is an effective sorbent, the degree of water purification from oil hydrocarbons amounted to 98-99% under static adsorption conditions.

The article presents the results of laboratory research of swelling rate of non-traditional for the region perennial crops: Gelega orientalis, Poterium polygamum in comparison with traditional Medicago varia Mart. Investigation of watering and swelling process was carried out by gravimetric method. Positive effect of scarification on the rate of water consumption of Galega orientalis and Medicago varia Mart is confirmed: swelling rate of Galega orientalis increased from 0.14 1/h up to 1.09 l/h, Medicago varia Mart – from 0.24 l/h up to 1.85 l/h, which is seven times more than the swelling rate of non-scarified seeds. The swelling rate of scarified seeds of Poterium polygamum conversely decreased from 1.69 l/h to 0.74 l/h. Laboratory seed germination of Galega orientalis and Medicago varia Mart with seed scarification and soaking up to 60% of water level increased threefold relative to the control variant without scarification and twofold to the control variant with scarification. Negative effect on biometric parameters of Galega orientalis and Medicago varia Mart seedlings was noted when seeds were soaked up to 100% of water level. Laboratory germination of Poterium polygamum in all experimental variants was equal to 96%. However, parameters of seedlings were different regarding experimental factors, thus biometric parameters of seedlings increased with the raise of water level in non-scarified seeds of Poterium polygamum and decreased in scarified ones.

As a result of the land reform, a new land system was formed, which gave rise to new phenomena in the land use system in the conditions of the market economy. The most important new problems of modern land use include the elimination of significant arable land areas from agricultural circulation. The paper proposes a comprehensive consideration of the possible involvement of these unused lands. It is based on taking into account natural and assessing the suitability of arable land usage in certain natural climatic conditions. The market economy requires arable land to ensure the efficiency of crop production. Actually usable land resources can provide sustainable or unsustainable efficiency. Sustainable inefficiency indicates the unsuitability of individual arable sites for efficient crop production. The natural and economic land potential can be used sufficiently effectively only if there are sufficient conditions to ensure production by labor, technical means, basic means of production, financial resources. Involvement of unused land is solved only as a complex problem. This is the correct and balanced approach and implementation of State programs in the field of land use that ensures food security.

The development of phytostimulants based on bacterial cultures isolated from permafrost soils of Western and Eastern Siberia, which have a higher adaptive potential to the peculiarities of the climate and soils of Western Siberia, is an urgent task. At present, the issues of "green" agricultural technology, based on the minimum use of chemicals and the expansion of the use of drugs of biological origin, are being actively considered. However, they are not universally applicable in various agro-climatic zones. Their activity and efficiency is associated with the survival rate in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants and can be significantly reduced when used in areas of risky farming, in particular in Western Siberia. According to the results of morphophysiological studies, it was revealed that during the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring soft wheat of the Grenada variety with binary mixtures of pure cultures of some bacterial strains isolated from permafrost soils of three regions of Siberia, an increase in adaptively important plant parameters is noted.

The climatic characteristics, the area and structure of arable land occupied by agricultural crops, including cereals and legumes, the area of agricultural land, including arable land in the Tyumen region without autonomous regions, as well as the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in the arable horizon. It was revealed that the climate is becoming more favorable for growing crops in the Northern Trans-Urals, thus, from the zone of risky farming, the region can move to a more favorable area for growing grain and leguminous crops. The content of mobile forms of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb in the arable horizon does not exceed the MPC. Nevertheless, in recent years, the area and structure of arable land sown with agricultural crops, including cereals and legumes, the area of agricultural land, including arable land, has practically not changed.

The aim of the study is to analyze the obtained data on the effect of complex genotypes of the somatotropin (GH) and prolactin (PRL) genes on the milk productivity of cows, on the amount and mass fraction of fat and protein in milk, that is, on the quality indicators of dairy raw materials. The study was conducted on a sampling consisting of 158 cows at first calving of Holsteinized black-and-white breed of pedigree breeding unit, "Dusym" LLC of the Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of molecular genetic studies (PCR-RFLP technique), the livestock was divided into groups taking into account the complex genotype of the GH / PRL hormone genes. The proposed evaluation of cows with different complex genotypes of the GH and PRL genes by animals selection and matching will further increase the amount of high-quality dairy raw materials.

Within the framework of the study, the importance of organic agriculture is characterized, problems of its functioning are identified, trends in the development of the market for organic products are analyzed, and the features of the transition of agricultural producers to organic methods of management are investigated. Biological and organic biological products and fertilizers are considered as the most effective, economically profitable and environmentally friendly way of producing organic products in agriculture. The data on the development of the market for organic products and biological products in Russia and foreign countries are presented. The reasons are identified that prevent the accelerated growth of this market segment, consisting in the absence of clear requirements and a developed legal framework. At the same time, it is emphasized that the production of organic products can become one of the main sources of income for many Russian regions, subject to the formation of an appropriate legislative framework, investments, including from the state.

Increasing the wear resistance of parts of tillage working implements and increasing their resource is an urgent problem. A decrease in the resource of tillage working implements occurs due to uneven wear of their parts and soil features. Accelerated wear of working surfaces reduces the quality of soil cultivation, increases the traction resistance of tillage machinery and thereby allows to an increase in the energy intensity of soil cultivation technology.The article presents the mathematical models developed by the authors that describe the process of interaction of the soil with the surface of parts of soil-cultivating working implements during their surfacing with hard alloys. The developed mathematical models make it possible to predict the values of traction resistance, the magnitude and rate of wear of the tillage working implements. The results of experimental studies confirm the adequacy of the developed mathematical models and indicate that the deposition of hard-facing from hard alloys of certain sizes and configurations on the working surfaces of the parts of soil-cultivating working implements ensures their wear resistance when working in an abrasive soil environment. The results of experimental studies of a plowing unit consisting of tractor MTZ-920 tractor and plow PLN-3-35 for sod-medium podzol, medium loamy (light loamy) soils on moraine loam showed that the wear resistance of the deposited share is 2.54 times higher than the wear resistance of the standard ( serial) plowshares without surfacing.

The article formulates a model of the innovative development of Russia and analyzes the strategic and program documents that determine the state policy in the field of supporting innovative activities. The state and areas of development of the science and education system as the main component of the innovative environment in the agricultural sector are discussed. The country has accumulated significant scientific and technological reserves for accelerated technological development. The main problems that hinder their widespread implementation are identified. It has been proposed to create innovative departments based on educational institutions that participate in the educational and production process. The subject of the study was organizations that were able to conduct research and development in the field of agriculture. The purpose of the study was to assess and systematize the scientific potential of these organizations in the framework of achieving the goals set by the state. Abstract-logical and economic-statistical methods were used in the study.

A selection of methods for cheese mass coloring was performed. Cheeses stained with Sudan III according to Herxheimer's method have fat of a bright orange color, and on micrographs this fat is clearly distinguished in the form of droplets with a diameter of 30 to 100 microns. Moreover, the fatty droplets in the micrographs, regardless of the cheese type, are predominantly light in color (white). The microstructure of cheeses stained with Sudan III and Methylene Blue has a cellular structure. Their fat droplets in micrographs have a dark color (gray or black). The size of the fat droplets is the same as that of cheeses stained with Sudan III according to Herxheimer's method, from 30 to 100 microns.

This article is about motorless studies of crankshaft dampers of combustion engines. An option to reduce the adverse effect of torsional motions of the crankshaft to the working life and effective performance of the engine is the dampers' installation. However, dampers' installation causes a change in the number of motor masses, what in turn results in a change in free frequency. As a consequence, there are changes in the resonant modes of operation, and ones in the type and shape of the constrained oscillations. To ensure the efficient operation of the recently designed construction of dampers, numerous final tests have to be performed, and the calculation itself is iterative, which considerably increases the complexity and a number of calculations. Stand design is suggested for carrying out these researches in a motorless way, while the modes and parameters of the torsional motions of the crankshaft match the operating modes of the combustion engine itself. Changeability of the distance between the motor masses and the type and magnitude of the torques acting on the motor masses makes the suggested stand universal for testing engines of any layout diagram. Torque modulation in amplitude, frequency, and phase is obtained by changing the appropriate electrical settings on the stator windings, creating torque for an equal torsional circuit. This circuit also enables testing only for resonant torque harmonics, which is an unquestionable advantage of the offered stand.

This article is devoted to determining the parameters of torsional vibration dampers of the internal combustion engine crankshaft in the entire high-speed mode of its operation. Currently, these parameters are set only for one main harmonic of the distributing moment. At the same time, it is assumed that the remaining harmonics give a slight increase in the amplitude of torsional vibrations. Changing the rotation rate of the crankshaft in the entire range of the operating mode leads to the appearance of other resonant modes, although not as significant as the main resonant mode. Therefore, for more stable quenching of torsional vibrations, a quenching device with variable characteristics is required. The proposed method for determining the parameters of the torsional vibration damper under changing speed and load modes of the internal combustion engine, which ensure efficient use, can be useful in the design of new highly accelerated internal combustion engines.

The article describes the aspects of forming general professional competences (GPC-1) through the study of mathematical disciplines; reveals the features of the methodology for the application of problems (profile content problems, case tasks, problem-situations), which are the main means of assessing the formation of the corresponding indicators of competence achievement: AI-1, AI-2, AI-3, etc. The work analyzes textbooks on mathematical disciplines for the presence of problems for objective assessment of professional competence formation level (GPC-1), the problem of the development of the criteria content and assessment tools for formation of professional competences is identified. The authors give examples of problems in the discipline of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, designed to form skills for identifying and defining the problem, choosing research methods, analyzing, interpreting the result and transferring fundamental knowledge to the professional activity language.

The article is devoted to the use of intelligent technologies, in particular fuzzy modeling technology, to solve the multicriteria problem of decision-making on the example of choosing the best development strategy for an agrarian enterprise. It showed the limited use of classical methods to solve this problem in terms of increased uncertainty of the enterprise's operational environment. An alternative approach to solving the problem of multicriterial choice was proposed on the basis of the fuzzy tools usage. The fuzzy statement and solution of the investigated problem was given. Calculations on multicriterial choice of the best strategy based on data of a particular enterprise of agro-industrial complex have been made.

The application of blockchain is associated primarily with cryptocurrencies, however they are used in various spheres of the economy. The issues of the application of blockchain technologies in land administration are not sufficiently developed theoretically, which makes this study relevant. Since 2016, the application of blockchain technologies in land administration has been at various stages of implementation in different countries (USA, United Kingdom, Brazil, etc.). A model for entering data into the land information system using blockchain technologies is presented: data from users are received and added to the blockchain, they are replicated and the transaction is verified, a block with a transaction is formed, which is added to the blockchain of all system participants. A national land market system with blockchain infrastructure can increase the likelihood of exporting to international markets as compliance with international standards becomes a transparent and undeniable issue. The use of blockchain technologies can increase economic efficiency and security, reduce the risk of uncertainty in achieving sustainable development of land matters.

The increase in the yield of cereals - the main food product of the world's population - is the result of a modern approach to the process of growing and harvesting, the introduction of new methods of breeding work based on methods of mathematical modeling. Lodging of crops leads to significant crop losses. The article describes the methods developed by us for determining the physicomechanical properties and architectonics of plants, which are used to construct a lodging model. The study was carried out using mathematical analysis and methods of technical mechanics to find the features of resistance to lodging of stems of winter and spring cereals, depending on the variety and species. The physicomechanical properties of their tissues and the parameters of the architectonics of cereal plants were determined, which are recommended to be used when breeding new varieties and hybrids that are resistant to lodging.

Digitalizing the existing territories is widely declared and procreated in the modern world. The process has become widespread in developed countries and is gaining momentum in developing countries; also attracting a lot of studies in economics, technology, and political science. We argue the necessity of philosophical attitude to cope with the essentials of digitalization. Mostly, the use of philosophy in the matter comes with aspects usually ignored in quantitative methodologies. Actual qualitative reference of unfolding digital nets for rural territories, still representing numerous semantics of a traditional life-world, helps bringing to the limelight opportunities overlooked in intensive indicators and their capacity to describe the actual social and cultural process involved in territorial digitalization.

Existing directions of Foodnet market technologies development were defined. The correlation between the food culture of schoolchildren and Foodnet market development directions is considered. The role of a rural school in training personnel for Foodnet market is defined. The necessity of purposeful work for the formation of a food culture of teaching students Foodnet technologies: traditional food products; group personalized food; alternative sources of raw materials; precision agriculture; food substitutes; individual personalized food; genomics (plants and animals); durable production methods is indicated. A program of teaching students in this area was developed, including familiarity of students with technology will Foodnet, educational actions to ensure the readiness of students to make a conscious choice in favor of nutrition, a system of educational activities with teachers and parents was developed, focuses on the development of a culture of healthy eating in educational organizations. In the survey of rural students priorities in the choice of profession and knowledge of Foodnet technologies were identified.

In Russia, much attention is paid to the development of the digital economy and artificial intelligence technologies. Agricultural organizations need artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence creates new opportunities for substantiating management decisions, including in the field of management accounting. The aim of the study is to develop directions for using artificial intelligence in the management accounting of agricultural organizations. The methodology of management accounting has been supplemented with new provisions that show the use of artificial intelligence in the management system of agricultural organizations. Interpretations of the elements of the management accounting methodology are proposed: the object (historical, current and prospective information on the costs and results of financial and economic activities in different sections and details), the subject (financial and production activities of agricultural organizations and their structural elements), methods (general and specific). It is proposed to expand the statement of the goal of management accounting (strengthening the efficiency, reliability and completeness of information provided to management) and tasks (identification and measurement of activity parameters; increasing the efficiency of information collection; operational preparation and processing of information with a given degree of detail and depth of time lag; strengthening the quality of management analysis, control, planning and forecasting). It is proposed to supplement the methodological characteristics of the principles and functions of management accounting with new analytical and organizational capabilities. It is concluded that artificial intelligence can become an applied management accounting tool, expanding its traditional capabilities.

The indicators of the feed output and, in general, the profitability of animal husbandry rely on the effectiveness of forage harvesters. Models depicting the performance and fuel use of forage harvesters were received resulting from the analysis of the fuctioning indicators. An effectiveness ratio was suggested for a comparative analysis of their effectiveness. It considers the relationship between performance and fuel use while harvesting grasses of different yields.

Three forage harvesters: Jaguar-840, Jaguar-690 and Maral-125 are analyzed in this article when selecting grass windrows dried to a moisture content of 65%. Comparative analysis of the concerned forage harvesters revealed that the fullest loading of the Jaguar-840 and Jaguar-690 harvesters is achieved with a yield of grass more than 17.5 t/ha, and the Maral-125 combine harvester-with a yield of grass more than 10 t / ha. If the grass yield is up to 7 t / ha, the fuel rate of the harvesters is almost the same. Its changes occurs along a decreasing exponential curve with an increase in the yield of grass. The highest effectiveness ratio, equal to 33.54 (ha / shift)×(t / l), during silage preparation, has a Jaguar-840 forage harvester with a grass yield of 10.0-20.0 t / ha. The lowest effectiveness ratio is 5.63 (ha / shift)×(t / l), has Maral-125 harvester in the grass cutting with a yield of 25.0-30.0 t / ha.

The purpose of this study is to determine the exceptional dry years of Pinus pinea L. (stone pine) by using dendroclimatology, and Selection drought-resistant trees depending on the differentiation in the width of the annual growth rings of exceptional dry years and adopting them as seed mothers. Method. Sixteen samples were taken from four different sites (A, B, C, and D) (four samples per site). Cores were extracted from 10 trees per sample and the transverse surfaces of all cores were smoothed to expose the tree rings. Cores were then scanned and annual ring widths were measured from 2019 to 2005 using ScopeImage Plus software. By using the Moving Average as a smoothing technique, the exceptional years of the time series for the width of the annual growth rings for each sample were determined. More specifically, results show that 2008 and 2014 are negatively exceptional years across all the sites. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients between the ring-widths, the annual precipitation, and temperature for each site show that the annual precipitation is the determinant of the occurrence of exceptional years and that 2008 and 2014 are the dry years in our chosen sites. When comparing the ring widths of the dry years, it was noticed that tress (Aa4, Ab6, Ac9, Ad2) in the site A, (Ba10, Bb1, Bc3, Bd1) in the site B, (Ca9, Cb5, Cc8, Cd1) in the site C and (Da1, Db3, Dc7, Dd3) in the site D are superior and have wide rings. Scientific novels. According to this study, these trees can be selected as drought-resistant and adopted as seeds mothers which can be used in the propagation of Pinus pinea.

Potato is the most important agricultural crop in the world and in Russia. Currently, in production are used varieties of domestic and foreign selection. Along with the yield, the products obtained are of great importance, according to which the intended purpose of a particular variety is determined. The study of the quality indicators of potato tubers is an integral part of the development of varietal cultivation technology. The purpose of the research is to study the qualitative indicators of potato tubers of the Gala variety at different plant densities and the use of fungicides in the Middle Urals. The research was carried out in 2018-2019 on the experimental field of the educational and experimental farm of the Ural State Agrarian University. The object of research is a medium-early high-yielding potato variety Gala. When conducting biochemical and agrochemical studies, gravimetric, extraction, ebuliostatic, ionometric and photometric methods were used. The electrical conductivity of tubers was determined with a conduct meter in mSm, the concentration of cell juice with a refract meter in %, nitrates in tubers – with a nitrate tester in mg/kg, the acidity (pH) of tubers – with a pH meter. The research results showed that the concentration of potato tubers cell juice decreases from 7.0 to 2.65% with an increase in the feeding area from 1400 to 2800 cm². The use of fungicides shirlan and infinito reduces the electrical conductivity. The specific weight of potato tubers increases with an increase in the feeding area from 0.92 to 1.16 grams. The nitrate content decreased with an increase in the feeding area and the use of fungicides from 340 to 326 mg/kg. During the growing period, the content of carbon dioxide (CO₂) of the potato plant in the control variant was 775, and with the use of shirlan it was 1043, which is an increase of 1.5 times. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the conditions of the Middle Urals, an assessment of tubers was carried out according to physiological, agrophysical and agrochemical indicators with new devices during the periods of storage of tubers (April) and vegetation of potato plants, depending on the feeding area and the use of fungicides.

The dynamics of commercial catches, stocks and forecast values of walleye catch on the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea with the analysis of factors affecting the state of stocks for a long-term period is presented. Data on seasonal distribution, migration, reproduction, as well as age and size-weight composition of walleye populations in the study area are presented. The forecast of prospects for the use of walleye by fishing is given on the basis of the analysis of commercial stocks for a number of years of observations, taking into account the coefficient of total mortality, the influence of fishing load, the values of the commercial population replenishment with first-matured fish.

This article deals with the interaction problems between man, nature and social institutions in the context of changing politics and strategy of the state in this field. Features of anthropogenic load on the agro-industrial complex were studied. The concept of barriers to entry the agri-food market, classification and types of barriers were defined. Ecological-social barriers have been investigated. The article is intended for specialists of the Ministry of agriculture and food of the Omsk oblast and local self-government bodies of regional municipalities, heads of agricultural organizations and processing enterprises, farmers, market specialists, researchers, teachers and students of agricultural universities.

The spatial heterogeneity of Russian territories has among other differences (like the climatic, resource) also an association with interregional and intraregional differentiation. The development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) along with other industries will contribute to smoothing these differences and improving inter-level interaction. They can become catalysts for spatial development by introducing new technological processes in the agro-industrial complex, improving regional and municipal infrastructure, and digitalizing the regional economy. Due to the introduction of informative-communicative technology the production of regional economic entities is developing, a bigger increase in the gross regional product is provided. The thesis formulates that the digitalization of the regional agro-industrial complex contributes to the solution of the transformation issues in industrial and social relations that affect the further development of the agro-industrial complexes due to the implementation of new methodological and practical approaches in regional management of different territories. Monitoring tools, resource forecasting analysis allow bringing regional agribusiness and related industries to a new progressive level of development, which regional financial interests, systematized into homogeneous groups, allow solving many issues of the spatial development of regions.

The article presents the characteristics of the chemical composition of the biomass of genus Miscanthus plants and the features of its use for the production of carbohydrate-containing substrates for biotechnology. It is shown that the Chinese mycanthus "Ferner Osten" is not characterized by a high content of lipidic and protein compounds. The herbaceous plant is rich in cellulose, lignin and fiber. To achieve the maximum conversion of the miscantus biomass, a preliminary chemical treatment with dilute sulfuric acid was performed. The optimal temperature for pretreatment of miscanthus biomass with 1% sulfuric acid solution is 130 °C with a process duration of 30 minutes. With an increase in temperature exposure, the yield of cellulose decreases markedly. Thus, when the temperature rises to 140°C and the process lasts 30 minutes, the pulp yield decreases by 31.38 %. With an increase in the duration of chemical treatment from 30 to 60 minutes, the pulp yield decreases from 79.07% to 61.08%. The residues of oligosaccharides and lignin were determined in the chemical hydrolysates of Miscanthus sinensis "Ferner Osten". Among monosaccharides, glucose and xylose predominate, 40.5 and 24.4% of the dry matter, respectively. To increase the yield of sugars, it is planned to carry out two-stage processing.

In the structure of modern Russian economy state play a key role in many spheres. Agriculture is one of them. The Russian Federation is the owner of the largest agricultural companies. Russian regions are also shareholders of a few hundred join-stock companies in agriculture sphere. A big number of state agricultural companies are ineffective. One of the reasons is the existing regulation system. It's far from ideal and generates a number of problems. They have different forms, but all lead to a low profit value or even to bankruptcy. This research is one of few scientific papers on the theme of state agricultural companies in Russia.

The authors analyze the main factors influencing the development of the competitiveness of enterprises at the regional level. Taking into account the peculiarities of regional policy, geographical factors, logistics systems and other conditions, this system of factors will change, influencing the support measures necessary for the development of agriculture at the regional level. The authors systematized the factors and obstacles that have a positive and negative impact on agricultural enterprises. The analysis of internal factors influencing the competitiveness and development of the enterprise in the regional and state market is also given. The proposed systematization is universal, and the set of factors correlates with regional features. The authors note that the presented set of factors can be transformed with the development of technologies and force majeure circumstances that do not depend on the actions of enterprises and public authority.

In the present work, the problem of describing the law of increase in the internal screw pressure of a solid material along the length of the screw surface of the extruder is posed and analytically solved, depending not only on the distributed friction forces and concentrated resistance forces of the counter-rotation ribs, made on the inner surface of the extruder body, but also taking into account the process of "sluicing" - backflow of material, which significantly affects the formation of the pressure field. The obtained mathematical model makes it possible to more correctly substantiate the design and technological parameters of extruders and grinders. The complexity of the movement of material in screw aggregates during its transportation, extrusion and cutting is caused not only by the complex screw shape of the channel, but also by the influence of a large number of variable technological parameters, structural elements of the mechanism, as well as many factors of a physical, mechanical and rheodynamic nature. In particular, in this study, the processes in two characteristic zones of the screw space, which are fundamentally different in physical conditions, are structured and analytically described by differential calculus methods. Based on the obtained mathematical model for the law of pressure distribution along the length of the screw surface, the design and technological characteristics of extruders can be optimized to reduce the energy consumption of materials grinding processes.

Management accounting is important for managing and controlling the activities of an agricultural enterprise. The implementation of management accounting is usually poorly regulated by the state, in this regard, the company can develop a system and form of management accounting, as well as a scheme for monitoring and reporting financial and economic activities. In addition to the data contained in the financial statements, management accounting, in our opinion, should take into account the peculiarities of the production process of a particular enterprise, which are difficult or impossible to objectively reflect in the financial statements. The use of management accounting in an agricultural enterprise contributes to the coordination of its divisions, allows you to improve the accounting, planning and control of production processes occurring in the agro-industrial enterprise. The presence of a synergistic effect from the interaction of all components of management accounting makes it possible to improve the efficiency of management of an agricultural enterprise. The application of international management accounting standards in agricultural enterprises makes it possible to more quickly and effectively implement favorable market conditions and timely solve problems that arise before the enterprise.

Modern high-performance agricultural technologies have a negative impact on the biochemical state of soils and on the environment as a whole. Excessive and uncontrolled use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers causes contamination of groundwater and soil. Consumers have a need to purchase environmentally friendly food products that have been produced using environmentally friendly technologies. The use of social networks in the promotion of goods and services of agricultural enterprises allows, in our opinion, to increase the competitiveness of an agricultural enterprise producing environmentally friendly food products and attract an additional number of potential consumers. For effective promotion of goods and services through the use of social networks, it is necessary to create high-quality virtual content with the use of qualified specialists. It is the high-quality content of the virtual space of the social network that will provide potential consumers with information about the services and goods offered by the enterprise and their advantage in relation to the services and goods of other manufacturers.

It is reasonable to use extruded sapropelesern feed for increasing the productivity of farm animals. This feed supplements the animal's body with minerals and vitamins as well as has good digestibility. It is well stored and has a low cost. The article shows the scheme of the extruder developed by the authors. It allows to prepare sapropel and grain feed. For the aim of being able to specify the necessary technological parameters of the extruder operation at the design stage, analytical dependences were deduced to determine the processing temperature of the mixture, extruder capacity and the power spent on the extrusion process. The mathematical dependences received theoretically were tested experimentally, and the maximum error does not outweigh 5%, corresponding to the required accuracy of the modelling. The article also determines the most rational modes of extruder operation.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the advantages of interaction between government and business in the agricultural sector: on the one hand, the resources provided and the flexibility of the business, and on the other hand, the potential to influence decision – making for social and economic development. In addition, the ability of the authorities to act as an upholder of social justice. This research aims to identify areas for the development of interaction between government and business through the spectacle of satisfying the interests of both parties. This is the reason for the research tasks: to analyze the definitions, to evaluate the key interaction models of government and business; to reveal the most acute issues of interaction between government and business and possible potentialities for its improvement. Public-private partnerships in the agricultural sector provide a variety of potential benefits arising from the combination of operational and economic performance specific to the private sector, with the role of the government sector as an enabling environment and a regulator ensuring that social interests are accounted. For all types of public-private partnership, the efficiency improvement is the main advantage determining the prospects of its development in the agricultural sector.

The paper considers an algorithm of using the author's methodology for location evaluation of agricultural objects on agricultural land, based on an expert-qualimetric approach to the analysis of factors in the use of agricultural land and rural development. Location evaluation of linear objects on land plots used in agricultural production leads to violations of the integrity of land use, negatively affects the quality of soils, makes it difficult to carry out technological work on their processing, entails inevitable economic losses of landowners and land users. At the same time, linear facilities (roads, oil and gas pipelines, energy networks, etc.) play an important positive role in the development of the country and its rural areas and the agricultural sector as a whole. In this regard, the problem of evaluation the location of a linear object is actualized, based on the balance of interests. The authors believe that the first expert approach (pre-project) proposed in this publication.

The relevance of the topic under study is associated with the emergence of completely unfamiliar manifestations of the humanitarian and economic crisis associated with the coronavirus pandemic. The negative impact of its consequences is particularly significant in small and medium enterprises, which include many economic entities of the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of this study is to determine the development factors of interaction between government authorities and agribusiness in terms of ensuring the satisfaction of their interests of both parties in the form of public-private partnership. This determines the objectives of the study: to analyze public-private partnership in the agricultural sector (agro-PPP), its successes and failures, which allows to better represent the achieved level of scientific, methodological and organizational support for the interaction of government and business in Russia; to analyze foreign experience of interaction between government and agribusiness to identify possible risk factors in the PPP mechanism in Russia; to assess the prospects for protection against them in the agricultural sector. The study reveals that effective PPPs operating in the agricultural sector include risk management mechanisms to protect the most vulnerable partners; shows the opportunities for the emergence of additional financial partners in agribusiness partnerships, as well as the need to develop monitoring and assessment of PPP projects in the agro-industrial complex in order to systematically form a reliable information base for developing recommendations for the effective selection of innovative projects and measures their impact in the long term.