Table of contents

International conference «Germany and Russia: Ecosystems without borders» EcoSystConfKlgtu (October 5-8, 2020) took place within the framework of the annual VIII International Baltic Maritime Forum in Kaliningrad, Russia, organized by the Kaliningrad State Technical University (Russia). International conference «Germany and Russia: Ecosystems without borders» was held within the framework of the Year of Germany in Russia 2020/2021 and presented Germany as a modern progressive country and reliable European partner for Russia. More than a hundred Russian, German and foreign scientists, researchers and experts, representatives of leading Russian and German universities, scientific institutes, as well as business representatives took part in the conference.

The Conference Proceedings International conference «Germany and Russia: Ecosystems without borders» include 3 main fields:

1. Digital ecosystems: society – ecology – economy

2. Green energy

3. Biotechnology

The main goal of the conference is to exchange information on topical issues in the field of energy, ecology, food biotechnology, and recycling. The conference created the premises for the formation of joint long-term research projects between Germany and Russia.

We would like to express our deep gratitude to the organizers of the Year of Germany in Russia 2020/2021 project: Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Russian Federation, Goethe-Institut, as well as the Russian-German Chamber of Commerce, which helped to implement the International Conference "Germany and Russia: Ecosystems without borders" and further develop Russian-German relations in the field of science.

We thank very much the organizing committee and the members of the reviewers for their kind help in reviewing the articles.

List of Organising Committee, Editors are available in the pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Scince have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

· Type of peer review:

Type of peer-review is Single-blind.

· Conference submission management system:

Conference submission management system is use website. Website can be accessed at http://ecosystems.klgtu.ru/index.html / Corresponding author process by e-mail EcoSystConfKlgtu 2020 : ecosystems@klgtu.ru.

· Number of submissions received: 56

· Number of submissions sent for review: 56

· Number of submissions accepted: 48.

· Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 86%

· Average number of reviews per paper: 2

· Total number of reviewers involved: 20.

· Any additional info on review process:

The authors had to upload their articles using registration form on the conference website http://ecosystems.klgtu.ru/index.html/. The conference organizers appointed at least two reviewers for each article. Reviewers were required to provide comments on the review within 7 days. The reviewers evaluated the articles using the following criteria: originality, topicality, scientific novelty, applicability, and clarity of presentation. If the article did not meet the specified requirements, the reviewers rejected it. If the article was good enough, the reviewers could accept it unchanged or send comments to the authors to finalize the article. The authors were required to edit the article according to the comments within 7 days. After submission of the edited files by the authors the editors checked the completion of all the needed changes in article. If the reviewers agreed with the changes, the article was as accepted. If the editors did not see that the article was changed according to the comments of the reviewers, they sent the article back to the authors with a second request to edit the article.

· Contact person for queries: Mr Vladimir Volkov, Deputy Head of Technopark, Kaliningrad State

Technical University, vladimir.volkov@klgtu.ru

The paper reveals the evolution of digital development of modern cities in the context of new industrialization. Urban digitalization is being reassessed as a process of formation of a hybrid socio-economic system, with the leading role of institutions and institutional mechanisms of a novel type. Service industries are shown to be the main institutional models for development of the digitalized urban economy. A proactive institutional policy of digitalization is substantiated. The specificity of the effects of urban digitalization is described explicitly. The framework of a smart city's interactive stakeholder policy is theorized.

The paper presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of the process of capital accumulation in the conditions of formation of a new civilization. The core of this civilization is the production mode as a set of productive forces that are in a contradictory unity with production-economic and eco-social relations, which reflect the contradictory relationship between production and consumption, namely, in their prerequisites, conditions, implementation, results and forms of manifestation.

Many countries are currently forming and developing a green financial system focused on economic growth, social security and environmental protection. The paper provides a rationale for the term green finance and proves the need for reorganization of the financial system with regard to environmental problems that pose significant risks for the financial sector. Systematization and analysis of green stimulus policies used in global and Russian practice with account of the economic crisis of 2020, and assessment of the state of the environmental segment of the financial market made it possible to single out green bonds and loans as the most promising financial instruments, as well as to formulate the main tasks faced by the governments of most countries for development of green finance and to justify the need for standardized approaches to assessing the effectiveness of environmental projects, to improve green financial products, and to attract a wide variety of investors, including the population, for funding regional and municipal green projects.

The scientific problem of involving creative potential in development of national ecosystems in current conditions of deep technological transformations is becoming more and more relevant and in demand. The creative potential of ecosystems is a powerful intellectual force that transforms and cognizes modern ecosystems, generates qualitatively new ideas to meet the challenges of the new economic reality and is capable of creating effective capital combinations based on these ideas. The authors focus on conceptual representation of the ecosystem as one of the progressive ways to organize economic activity and its components, formation and use of creative potential within national ecosystems, the value of intellectual capital as a capitalized value of the human creative potential, and creation of adequate mechanisms to involve creative people in self-development of national ecosystems. Through the prism of the pursuit of strategy for incorporation of a high-quality human creative potential into the Russian economy, the authors consider the key challenges and contradictions of modern transformations on the path to innovative ecosystem development, assess vectors of productive cooperation, experience exchange between Russian and foreign creative industries and recognition of significance of the creative sector in economic, social and institutional processes of local ecosystem development, and offer practical tools for problem solution at different levels of socio-economic transformations.

For the first time in domestic science, the macroeconomic study reported in this paper investigates institutional hybrids with regard to the country-specific features of a particular economy – the Russian ecosystem. Institutional hybrids immanent to the Russian ecosystem, their content and forms of manifestation, which are continuously reproduced and driven by conditions and specificity of the Russian ecosystem, are analyzed. It is concluded that the Russian ecosystem does not comply with the institutional matrix X and does not correspond to the institutional matrix Y, its modern institutional framework largely depends on the existing institutional hybrids.

Over the past quarter of a century, the concepts of cluster development and entrepreneurial ecosystems have become very popular, which caused a heated debate about their relevance and conceptual rigor. In addition, the existing literature on clusters underestimates the role of entrepreneurs in enhancing the agglomeration effect that ties together organizations, labor, markets, and supporting ecosystems. This paper aims to study the main lessons of the development of technopreneurship in a specific region, namely in Kaliningrad region, and to show the path for creation of regional growth hubs and their embedment in global networks. The best practices are analyzed to highlight the priority areas of industrial development in the region. A conceptual model of its growth driver is proposed. Thus, the paper contributes to the existing debate about the directions of technopreneurship development and shows a specific growth point in global networks for the studied region.

The paper considers the processes, main factors and features of the formation and development of human resources in Kaliningrad region in the context of metamorphosis of socio-economic systems. The object of research is metamorphosis in socio-economic systems, and the subject of research is human capital as the basis for changes in these systems. The authors attempted to study the development trends of the socio-economic system of an individual in order to identify local groups of people, communities, whose 'genetic' memory and intelligence form the present and the future. Three metamorphoses are identified in the history of Kaliningrad region: in the period of 1945–1950, in 1991–1996, and the metamorphosis that has started in recent years and is associated with Hi-Tech development, digitalization of the economy and harmonization of the life of people. Harmonization of society in the 21st century is based on digital and technological platforms, revolutionary changes in biotechnology, energy, transport, and contactless communications within the concept of an inevitable transition from digital economy to the economy of wisdom. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of the ongoing metamorphosis and showed its necessity and lack of alternatives. The authors considered the relationship between migration flows and changes in the regional socio-economic system and concluded that metamorphoses are inevitable for harmonization of the life of regional societies. The study of the unique experience of the Kaliningrad society, which is in a state of permanent experiment, can help to find explanations and approaches to the control of transformation processes.

Intensification of fisheries and aquaculture leads to an increase in anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems. The stability of many aquatic ecosystems, the most important suppliers of goods and services for human needs, is currently threatened. The concept of sustainable development that includes ecosystem approach to management is called upon to eliminate the threat of their degradation due to excessive economic use. The paper discusses the key problems arising from the exploitation of aquatic ecosystems, analyzes the features of the ecosystem approach to fishery management, and proposes a modified bioeconomic model to describe how digitalization of the fishing industry promotes the solution of its ecological, economic and social problems. The authors concluded that digital technologies make it possible to more accurately identify the optimal scale of fisheries and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems as the basic resources of this activity. Digitalization helps move to a new bioeconomic technological platform in fisheries, which is a responsible involvement of biological resources in the economic circulation that ensures a balanced and harmonious coexistence of business and ecosystems.

Rapid technological renewal and digitalization of the economy entail transformation of labor relations and an intensive change in the content of labor. The current reality forces us to revise our views on methods of assessing the social and labor sphere and the human factor in the economy. Human capital is regarded as a generally recognized factor in social and economic development. The results of numerous studies of human capital do not yet provide an unambiguous answer about the degree of its direct impact on the nature and dynamics of economic growth. At the same time, a review of the results of many empirical studies yields a conclusion about a stable relationship between human capital and the dynamics of economic development. In the study of human capital, the significance of the region is very high, since the behavioral, activity and systemic characteristics of the development of society, including economic potential, are formed primarily at this level. To identify the prerequisites and conditions that affect the formation of regional human capital, the analysis of the state and development trends of human capital should be supplemented with the characteristics of the socio-economic environment, where this process takes place. The authors use an updated version of the MRW model to assess the contribution of the human capital in Kaliningrad region, the Russian exclave, to its socio-economic development, and to determine the parameters of the socio-economic development of the region that can be treated as an integral part of its human capital. The accumulated human capital realized through labor potential becomes in turn a key factor in the economic development.

Rapid pace of digitalization of ecosystems in the modern world affect social and economic systems. State-of-the-art web technologies, a huge information system, have an increasing impact on human life. The information environment undergoes adverse effects during its functioning. To maintain functioning of the system information component, a properly constructed system and an adequate model of response to external effects are required. The response model in digital ecosystems will be designed with regard to three processes, namely: the problem formation process, the problem identification process, and the problem neutralization (elimination) process. An indicator of the efficiency of ecosystem functioning will be identification and neutralization of each problem. Simulation results confirmed the main trends in digital ecosystems functioning. The development and subsequent application of methods and techniques to achieve the set goal in a shorter time will always be relevant and in demand. To implement a rational approach to making managerial decisions, the leader responsible for digital ecosystem functioning can use network planning as a plan for the entire cycle of processes for maintaining the information security of the ecosystem as a whole.

This research aims to identify the role of ecosystems in the modern financial world. Banks are most actively involved in the formation of ecosystems, concentrating various offers around their traditional areas of activity. The study of ecosystem strategies used by banks revealed the areas that banks consider as the main ones when forming their own ecosystems. The reasons that caused an active interest in the formation of ecosystems by banks are studied. The analysis of the leading financial ecosystems of countries, including the Russian Federation, is made. The main models of banking ecosystems on the market and their features are shown. Factors that have a stimulating effect on the development of ecosystems are identified. Based on this information, General summary conclusions are formulated.

The paper analyzes the possibility of reducing technical barriers to marketing organic food in China, examines state regulators of the certification system and standards currently in force in China for various types of organic products. The possibility of recognition of the Russian organic product certification in China is analyzed. The requirements for organic products certification bodies established in China are studied.

The article discusses the environmental and economic aspects of faecal sludge management in an individual residential sector, proposes approaches to solving the problem, discusses findings in improving the effectiveness of the biodegradation rate of faecal sludge and domestic wastewater in a septic tank, and evaluates the using adequacy of biological additives for accelerating faecal sludge biodegradation.

The introduction of digital methods into the management practice of fishery organizations is a complex problem due to the historical nature of the existing methods of management of fishery enterprises. The aim of the article is to develop methodological approaches to the digitalization of management systems for enterprises in the fishery sector based on the experience gained in the framework of process management. A research methodology is a systematic approach, within which digital transformations of industry management are considered as an integral part of the overall development process. The article analyzes the factors influencing the introduction of new management methods. A model for describing management processes within the framework of process management has been built, its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

The paper analyzes modern theoretical concepts of the startup ecosystem. The subjects of the startup ecosystem are studied, and their main functions are presented. The current state of innovation ecosystems in German universities is analyzed, and the prospects for their development are determined. The essence of the main components of university innovation ecosystems is revealed, and the principles of their formation and implementation are determined. The features of the innovation ecosystem development in German universities are investigated. The directions of the innovation ecosystem formation in Russian universities are shaped.

The approach to providing private households, remote industrial objects and other consumers with electric power by hybrid renewable energy power plants is much of interest nowadays. Thus, it is currently important to synthesize control algorithms for increasing energy efficiency of hybrid renewable energy power plants. Control algorithms have to ensure efficient performance and provide maximization of electric generator parameters. Moreover, one of the objectives of control algorithms is limitation of generated power to secure nominal operational parameters of plant's elements. It is required that controllers of different parts of hybrid energy plants operate consistently.

About two-thirds of the territory of Russia, which covers 11 million km², lies in a region with severe climatic conditions. These northern ecosystems have a unique climate and are supplied with supplies by outdated diesel generation. Therefore, an urgent need has arisen to modernize the power supply systems in question using modern energy-efficient technologies, including power plants based on Arctic renewable energy sources that convert the high natural potential of renewable energy on these territories. For example, the coastal territories of the Russian North are situated in the zone of high wind power potential. In the article a method of modernization through the use of modular hybrid energy complexes are proposed. In total, about 4,700 such stations can be installed in Russia, and the total environmental effect from them will be about $1 million. Moreover, these power plants have a high science intensity. The problem of correct optimization of the parameters and architecture of wind-diesel power plants is also investigated in the article.

The article describes some approaches to the modernization of the power supply system of marine ports in the framework of zero-emission strategy. A case study of the Kaliningrad sea fishery port given as an example. The authors analyze the electrical power supply system of the enterprise and its power balance, proposing several solutions to improve energy efficiency, reliability and energy loss reduction using distributed renewable energy sources such as wind and solar generation.

A technique is proposed for obtaining aerodynamic and mechanical characteristics of wind turbines – the wind energy conversion coefficient and the relative torque of the wind turbine as a function of their speed with respect to the intensity of the wind wheel acceleration from the moment of its start until the synchronous speed at constant wind speed. The proposed technique simplifies and significantly reduces the time for experimental testing of wind turbine wheels.

The paper highlights the prospects for development of vertical-axis wind turbines in the world and in Russia. Vertical-axis wind turbines are considered, and their general characteristics and their advantages and disadvantages are provided. The results of experimental studies in the wind tunnel and mathematical analysis of the impact of interaction of individual structural components on the wind turbine output characteristics are reported, and recommendations on the choice of x design parameters of wind turbines to improve energy performance are elaborated.

The issues of connecting wind power plants (WPP) to the power-supply system and their joint operation are currently gaining relevance due to the growth of their capacities and an abruptly variable pattern of its delivery to the grid. The paper presents the analysis of standards, recommendations and regulations related to connection and operation of WPPs as part of the power-supply system. The developed mathematical model of the Ushakovskaya WPP is used to analyze its main operating modes. Practical recommendations for changing the scheme of power generation of the plant at increased capacity are given with due regard to the standard requirements.

One of the trends in the current energy transition is decentralization of power management and diversification of power generating facilities in terms of both the level and the amount of installed capacity. This puts forward new requirements for interaction of the consumer who owns the pool of electric power equipment with the power supply company. One of the foundations of this interaction is power management and monitoring. An increased number and type of receivers and sources of electricity, and significantly increased data flows on energy consumption necessitates an appropriate digital platform to solve problems of energy consumption management and monitoring. The digital platform determines an appropriate environment for interaction between the consumer and the power supply company, and most significantly, the conditions for improved energy efficiency of the entire process of generation, transmission and consumption of electricity.

One of the modern vectors of world energy development is the transition to an energy self-sufficient principle of functioning of geographically limited local facilities. The paper presents an analysis of the possibility of the transition and the concept of using renewable energy sources in the transition to an autonomous mode of electricity and heat supply of the Center for the Development of Gifted Children in Kaliningrad Region.

The versatile genus Gordonia of the order Actinomycetales comprises numerous biotechnological interesting members. They often possess large genomes and plasmids which provide an arsenal of metabolic capabilities such as for the production of secondary metabolites, biosurfactants, bioactives, exopolysaccharides or carotenoids. Further, many can degrade a huge variety of complex organic molecules making them interesting for bioremediation. Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 was found to harbour a novel styrene degradative pathway involving glutathione. This pathway is more similar to detoxification routes in higher organisms than to other bacterial routes for styrene metabolism. However, it seems to base on a mix of genes from styrene and isoprene pathways which created this novel pathway, likely by horizontal gene transfer. Now, we like to study this route in more detail and make use of it in order to produce phenylacetic acids such as ibuprofen.

Inonotus Obliquus or Tinder fungus is widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, for the prevention of cancer. It is widely known to be rich in polyphenolic substances. This study was designed to determine antioxidant and antibacterial potential. The objects of research are the aqueous extracts of chaga obtained by remaceration and microwave radiation in concentrations of 5, 50, 100, 200 g / dm³. It has been proven that aqueous extracts obtained using microwave radiation have a more pronounced antioxidant and antimicrobial effect in comparison with samples obtained only by remaceration.

Chlorella sorokiniana microalga is one of the species of interest that could be used for the production of valuable compounds such as lipids. Nitrogen stress is a common strategy used to enhance the lipid content in microalgae biomass. The present study compares the effects of several nitrate concentrations in the cultivation medium on the growth and fatty acid composition of the biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana. Results show that nitrogen starvation negatively impacts the growth of the biomass while nitrate repletion increased the biomass growth rates. The effect of initial concentrations of KNO₃ from 0.1 g/l to 0.3 g/l did not show significant differences on the biomass productivity. Higher concentrations of KNO₃ (0.4 g/l) are shown to decrease the yields of biomass. The highest yield of total lipids (25%) was obtained from the biomass grown under nitrogen deficiency, followed by the biomass grown in the medium containing 0.3 g/l of nitrates (23%). The study of the fatty acid profiles showed that nitrogen starvation decreased the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 (linolenic acid), and increased the concentration of trans and saturated fatty acids. This cultivation strategy could be more suitable for the production of biodiesel. For the food and feed industry, the presence of nitrogen in the cultivation medium could be preferable as; in this case, the biomass cumulates higher concentrations of linolenic acid.

Fish by-products is a promising raw material for fish oil extraction, which is a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6 classes. Gas chromatography method was used to study the fatty acid composition of oils extracted from six types of fish by-products including heads, ridges and internal organs of Atlantic mackerel, Baltic herring, fresh Baltic sprat, heads and ridges of Atlantic salmon and heads of fresh herring and smoked sprat. The highest content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in mackerel and herring processing by-products – 43.6 and 49.6 %, respectively. The coefficients of oil balance are calculated. The coefficient of rationality of the fatty acid composition, which reflects the degree of compliance of oil with the "ideal" lipid for human nutrition was the highest for sprat oil (0.87 units fraction). Sprat oil is characterized by the most favorable ratio of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, since the coefficient of biological efficiency is as close as possible to 1. The coefficients of rationality of the fatty acid composition of other oils are reduced due to the significant predominance of omega-3 fatty acids. It is promising to use the studied oils to optimize the fatty acid composition of products based on animal fats and vegetable oils, which are characterized by a high content of omega-6 fatty acids.

The use of PAL in the phenylketonuria treatment is hindered by the lack of well-studied mechanisms and systems of targeted transport of enzyme preparations to certain organs and tissues (brain, liver, skin, muscle and connective tissues, blood cells). It is known that as a result of the incorporation of any pharmaceutical composition into the composition of the carrier, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug change. The essence of the enzyme stabilization process is to increase and maintain the catalytic activity of proteins, increase the duration of the catalytic action of enzymes on the substrate, change the optimal temperature and active acidity, increase productivity, as well as change the temporary effect of enzymes on the substrate in order to transform into an end product of the reaction. When stabilizing enzymes, encapsulation is preferred due to the fact that this method provides a high stability of enzymes under the influence of low temperature and low acidity of the environment, as well as the effect of harmful microflora and oxygen. It was proven that the degradation degree of capsules with PAL reaches 55–65% after 120 minutes of the experiment in distilled water. The maximum degradation of the encapsulated form of the PAL enzyme preparation (the proportion of capsule weight loss is 90–98%) occurs in model biorelevant media that mimic intestinal juice: SIF and FaSSIF. It should be noted that the rate of capsule degradation is higher in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without pancreatin (the proportion of capsule weight loss is 92–98% after 15 minutes of the experiment) compared to the fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) (the proportion of capsule weight loss is 90-97 % after 30 min of experiment).

The most promising sources of antioxidants are plant objects that contain natural antioxidants such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins. The paper studies the antioxidant activity of extracts from dried biomass of callus, suspension cell cultures, and root cultures in vitro. The study of the antioxidant activity of plant extracts showed that the maximum antioxidant activity (250.6 mg AA/g) is possessed by extracts from the dried biomass of in vitro hyssop root cultures. According to this indicator, extracts from dried biomass of hyssop hairy exceed extracts from dried biomass of Amur maakia root cultures by 2.23 times, and extracts from dried biomass of Siler root cultures by 5.61 times. Extracts from the dried biomass of in vitro callus, cell suspension, and root cultures of Siler do not possess high antioxidant activity, which varies from 16.56 to 44.66 mg AA/g. The maximum indicator of antioxidant activity for this medicinal plant is observed in extracts from dried biomass of in vitro root cultures. For extracts from dried biomass of in vitro callus, cell suspension and root cultures of Amur maakia, the range of antioxidant activity indices is from 85.40 mg AA/g to 112.33 mg AA/g. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed in extracts from dried biomass of in vitro root cultures. A higher accumulation of anthocyanins was also found in the callus culture of Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana cultured on a nutrient medium containing both auxins and cytokinins.

This article describes the enzymatic activity of proteolytic enzymes, the general chemical composition of the digestive organs of carnivorous and herbivorous fish in the period from October to November 2017 to April 2018. The dependence of the enzymatic activity on the pH of the medium and the mass fractions of protein and fat is shown. Based on the data obtained, enzymes were isolated from the digestive organs of bream (at pH 9.5) and pike-perch (at pH 2.5). To determine the activity of the test substance, we used the corrected absorbance for the test suspension (the difference in absorbance between the test sample and the control sample) obtained using raw materials for the period January to February 2018. We also carried out the purification of enzyme preparations using ion exchangers (Q-XL, SP-XL) and size exclusion chromatography (Sephadex G-75 Superfine), determining the molecular weight of enzyme preparations prepared from the digestive organs of pike-perch and bream.

The study addresses the issue of complex processing of collagen-containing fish raw materials, and expansion of the range of specialized fish products of osteotropic action such as biocrips and protein bars. Small Baltic bream and heads of Baltic sprat, by-product of canned sprat production, were used as raw materials. The raw materials were pre-modified by high-temperature hydrolysis to break down collagen-containing connective tissues and soften bone tissues. Hydrolysis was performed in a thermoreactor in an aqueous medium at 120-40 °C, under pressure of 0.15 to 0.20 MPa within 60–90 minutes. Heat-treated raw materials were divided into fractions, which were used in specialized product processing. Chemical composition of raw materials and finished products was investigated. The technology of biocripts based on thermally modified muscle tissues of Baltic bream and bone supplement from its bones has been proposed. The formulation and technology of molded bars based on sublimated water-soluble protein fractions and a protein-mineral supplement made from heat-treated heads of Baltic sprat are substantiated. The functionality of the products in terms of the mineral content is shown. Recommendations for the use of specialized products for groups of people with deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, for sports and gerodietetic nutrition are elaborated.

When wastewater enters water bodies, it changes both physical properties and chemical composition of water. Qualitative and quantitative composition of aquatic organisms and the biological structure of phytocenopopulations change as well. A special form of pollution is eutrophication of water bodies. The ability of photosynthetic organisms to accumulate and use substances, primarily phosphorus and nitrogen, makes them actively involved in self-purification of natural waters. The anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems is increasing, therefore, monitoring and global environmental protection systems are of great relevance. The paper deals with a range of issues: the impact of gas station discharges on chemical composition of water is studied and assessed; the concentration of pollutants in water is analyzed before and after a backwater inhabited with higher aquatic plants; the effect of hydrophytes on processes of self-purification of the water body is considered. Solution of the issues made it possible to assess the impact of higher plants on chemical composition of water and self-purification processes, and biota. The impact of higher plants on concentration of pollutants in the water body was analyzed. The study revealed that higher plants reduce an adverse effect of pollutants on the biotic potential of the river ecosystem.

The paper investigated the effect of immobilization of bacterial cells Lactobacillus brevis 2k.Gv. on polyvinylpyrrolidone nanowires on viability and enzymatic activity of cells. The optical density of the culture solution and the growth rate of lactobacilli were measured using a Reverse-Spinner RTS-1 bioreactor to assess physiological activity of the immobilized cells. It is shown that immobilization is 'soft', the carrier dissolves in the culture solution after biofilm formation.

The article presents the results of quantitative indicators of the growth of rainbow trout when growing feed with a partial replacement of animal proteins with plant proteins. The results obtained show that the growth rate of fish and the feed coefficient when replacing protein by 10% with plant proteins do not change, provided that the animal, as well as the macro- and microelement balance of feed, are observed.

The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient use of the biopotential of the supportive, connective and integumentary tissues of fish (bones, cartilage, fins, heads, scales, skin), which are considered by many scientists as sources of valuable biologically active substances that can be used as functional ingredients in food biotechnology. Collagen and its hydrolysis products, chondroitin sulfate, glycosamine, hyaluronic acid, minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, etc.) are the most important components in maintaining human health and, especially, in the prevention and treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, the use of hydrolyzed fish tissues as sources of biologically active substances is promising. The biotechnological method of raw material degradation (enzymatic hydrolysis) is the most appropriate, allowing not only to preserve the biopotential of the native tissues, but also to ensure the reliability and sustainability of the production process. The article presents the results of the study of the chemical composition of fish supportive, connective and integumentary tissues, describes the technologies for obtaining new products using these biologically active substances generated by enzymatic hydrolysis.

The paper presents a brief overview of the results of the implementation of the project "Agropreparations of the new generation: a strategy of construction and realization". The first part contains the analysis of the growth of the wild-type strain Cupriavidus necator B-10646 (formerly eutrophus) and the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates by this strain on various substrates: glycerol, palm oil, Siberian oil seed, sunflower seed oils, and oleic acid. On refined glycerin, a highly productive process is implemented when scaling up, allowing to obtain 128 ± 11 g / L PHA. Evaluation of oils has shown that palm oil is the best carbon substrate. The second part presents the results of the development of environmentally friendly slow-release pesticide formulations. They are a degradable matrix of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate mixed with natural materials (peat, clay, wood flour), into which a pesticide (metribuzin, tribenuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, azoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole) has been. The developed preparations showed high activity against pathogenic fungi and weeds and had a much weaker negative effect on the soil microflora. Studies of the degradation of the developed preparations and the release of pesticides into the soil confirm their effectiveness over a long period of time, up to 90 days.

Abstarct. The study is of current relevance due to an underestimated potential of secondary meat and bone raw materials, which contain valuable bioactive substances that can be used in food, feed, cosmetic and other products. Hydrolyzing of extracting protein, fat and mineral substances from such raw materials is a promising method. The study aimed to investigate and simulate fermentolysis of highly mineralized collagen-containing raw meat with proteolytic enzymes. The experiments were carried out on beef tubular and rib bones using Alcalase 2.5 L, Protamex and Protosubtilin G3x enzymes. The efficiency of protein hydrolysis was assessed with regard to the parameters of formol titratable nitrogen, dry matter, titratable acidity, which were determined in aqueous solution of the fermentolysat. The quality indicators of the hydrolysis products were assessed by standard physicochemical methods. The data obtained were processed by methods of mathematical statistics. A mathematical model of fermentolysis of meat and bone raw materials was developed based on the analysis of graphical dependences of formol-titrated nitrogen parameters and dry matter on the enzyme preparation dosage and process duration. The models can be used to assess the decomposition level of proteins and their water extraction for various types and dosages of enzyme preparations, and to determine rational duration of fermentolysis. The model can be used as a basis to reveal the effect of the main factors on the degree of hydrolysis of proteins in meat and bone raw materials and to control the process of fermentolysis.

The proposed technology is aimed at optimizing agro-ecological and biotechnological methods to guarantee safety of the harvest and quality of apple products with no toxicological effects on the environment and humans. The proposed technology for storing ecologically clean apples is improved by using a complex that implies spraying with phytopreparation and exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic field. Comparative assessment is performed for morphological, organoleptic, chemical and technological characteristics of apples, the prevalence of scab and the yield of the garden with chemical and integrated preliminary protection techniques. The effect of electromagnetic field of low frequency in the range from 18 to 100 Hz on the activity of the fruit surface microflora is evaluated. A computer program is developed and registered to be used directly for analytics and forecasting the quality of long-term storage of products.

The paper presents data on the biotechnology of growing accumulative cultures of algae Scenedesmus quadricauda when adding organo-mineral complex drag to the culture growth medium. It is shown that the trace elements that make up the drug (trade name "Helavit"), at the studied concentrations, act in various ways stimulating and inhibiting the growth of algological culture. Having a different effect in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1 mg / L. The maximum positive effect is achieved with a drug concentration of 0.3 mg / l (8986 ± 120 103*cells/ ml), which can be recommended for mass cultivation of algae. A possible cause of inhibition of culture growth, at a concentration of 0.1 mg / l (6960 ± 115 103*cells/ ml), are the inhibitory effects of copper and iodine ions.

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus (L.)) is regarded as a good quality product that enjoys widespread acceptance and is therefore a popular choice for marine aquaculture in Europe. This study examines the potential and feasibility of the artificial cultivation of turbot in the Baltic Sea region. It takes into consideration both commercial farming and the implementation of artificial reproduction for stock enhancement programs. With regard to the latter, it discusses observed short-term trends towards reducing species catches in ICES 22-32 subdivisions as well as trends in hydrological process dynamics during the spawning process (especially low water salinity, which decreases the natural reproduction efficiency). The article also considers the potential of the research performed in 2018-2019 at the AtlantNIRO research facility on the development of cultivation techniques for turbot larvae. The findings demonstrate the possibility of cultivating turbot larvae under artificial conditions and are important for the development of marine aquaculture in the Kaliningrad region of Russia, since they can lead to the introduction of new fish species for farming in the future.

In order to optimize the methods of remediation of contaminated areas, strains of microorganisms were selected that are promising for the transformation of excess amounts and the accumulation of organic matter in surface water bodies. Research has been carried out on the isolation and selection of proteolytically active strains of microorganisms from the microflora of water. Among the isolated isolates, representatives of 3 genera dominated: Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Which differed in the rate of biomass accumulation / optical density (OD), the number of viable cells (CFU/ml) and the concentration of residual protein (mg/ml). The highest proteolytic activity was found in representatives of the genus Bacillus sp. For bacilli, within 5 days of the experiment, a 7-fold increase in biomass was observed, and the number of viable cells increased 8-fold. Due to the proteolytic activity of Bacillus sp. the concentration of the protein in the test solution decreased from 0.2412 to 0.1123 mg/ml. The research carried out opens up prospects for the creation of biopreparations of targeted action based on mono- and polycultures of proteolytics for the purposes of ecobiotechnology.

To forecast the number of ticks and take successful measures for decreasing them in population it is necessary to know the features of their phenology in aparticular region. The majority of acarologists pays attention to the features of Ixodes persulcatus activity as they transmitixodic infections. The proved epizootic and epidemiological importance of Dermacentors dictates the necessity of developing and organizing the comprehensive control system against this specie of ticks to prevent diseases. This demand the fullest and comprehensive studying of ecology and phenology features of Dermacentor reticulatus of a particular region. The aim of the research is the detailed studying of bioecology of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, the most widespread ticks in the Tyumen region. We had monitored over the life cycle features of Dermacentor reticulates in natural biotopes over the 2013 to 2014 period in the subzone of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. In natural climatic conditions of the specified climatic zone Dermacentor reticulatus are capable to give one generation per a parasitizing season if parasite juvenile forms meet feeders. The whole process of reproduction from egg up to the adult specimen emerge took from 69 to 161 days, and averagely 115±1.99 full days. Metamorphosis of larvae had taken the shortest time period (29.1±2.,0 full days or 25.3% of all cycle time), nymph and imago formations had happened practically for equal periods of 34.5±2.3 and 37.0±5.0 full days respectively. Having studied the regularities of the Dermacentor reticulates life cycles we can prove the emergence and the activity peaks of both juvenile, and adult phases of these ticks activity. That allows to plan actions on controlling these parasites in places of their dwelling.

The aim of the study was to identify the spread of hoof diseases among cattle in industrial complexes, to determine the level of comorbidity and to establish the degree of the effect of limb diseases on production and economic indicators of cattle. The studies were conducted in the period from 2018 to 2020 in two industrial complexes in the south of Tyumen region, and on the largest dairy cattle farm in Central Russia. A total of 11 602 heads of the dairy cattle were taken for clinical examination.

Orthopedic pathologies of cattle on the surveyed farms were on average widespread in 8.5% of the livestock, and hoof disease related culling of animals was 6.67±2.35%. The most common diseases are laminitis (27.0±4.38%), purulent pododermatitis (10.33±2.18%), Mortellaro disease (14.17±5.15%), interdigital dermatitis (8.37±1.15 %), and Rustergoltz ulcer (10.77±1.80%). According to the 5-point lameness scoring system proposed by D.D. Sprecher, severe cases of lameness were recorded in 10.28±0.98% of affected animals. Moderate lameness (3 points) was observed in 19.20±1.53% of animals, and weak lameness was diagnosed in 15.18±0.57% of sick animals. According to the Karl Burgi and Nigel B. Cook scale, 44.19±1.07% of cattle had a mild lesion, moderate severity was recorded in 21.88±2.78% of animals, and a severe lesion was found in 33.93±2.09% of animals. Culling of animals with musculoskeletal pathologies attained 8.48±3.04%.

Direct relationship was established between the severity of hoof lesions, the probability of comorbidity and associated pathology. It was revealed that the main indicators of production and fertility decrease due to hoof diseases, which is associated with a high level of comorbidity and accompanying gynecological diseases in addition to the main disease, delayed estrus, general decrease in the immune resistance and lack of the optimal correspondence between biological and necessary technological rhythms. The limb disease has a particular effect on fertility and reduces its level to 16% of the average fertility rate in the herd, affects manifestation of estrus (up to 48% of affected animals do not show signs of estrus), average milk production (decrease to 22 kg/day during the first lactation and to 28 kg/day during the second lactation in dairy herd with an average daily production of 32 kg/day, 38 kg/day, respectively), and the number of somatic cells in milk (increase up to 150–430 thousand units/ml).

The article presents the results of a study of the biological properties of the Lactobacillus brevis 2k.Gv strain (morphological, cultural, biochemical, physiological and probiotic) in order to assess the biotechnological potential and create alternative forms of probiotics for highly productive fish farming. Under the conditions of an aquarium experiment, a positive effect of the strain on the physiological parameters of the rainbow trout Parasalmo mykiss Walbaum was found. L. brevis 2k. Gv was orally administered to fish for 30 days at a concentration of 2×10⁸ cells/mg feed as a supplement to the main diet. It was found that the studied strain has a multifactorial effect on the fish organism. Throughout the entire period of feeding juvenile trout with extruded feed enriched with lactobacilli, no signs of infectious and somatic diseases were recorded in the experimental group of trout; hepatosomatic and splenosomatic indices of organs, as well as hematological parameters of blood remained normal. The results obtained prove the presence of probiotic properties in the Lactobacillus brevis 2k. Gv strain and the possibility of its further use as part of feed additives for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for aquaculture objects.

The efficiency indicators of using a biologically active composition based on apiculture products and low-molecular-weight peptides extracted from fish scales were studied. The food supplement for athletes was named "Apicolltonus". Spectrophotometry has shown that sardine scale peptides with molecular weight under 10 kDa with concentration of 1 mg/ml exhibit the greatest resistance to cytotoxicity when exposed to cobalt chloride on mesenchymal stem cells. The safety indicators of the food supplement "Apicolltonus" meet the requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Customs Union. The physiological effect of the food supplement "Apicolltonus" on the body of female track and field athletes specializing in the long jump during the training process was evaluated. According to the results of clinical and biochemical blood tests of the testees a positive dynamics of growth in the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, total protein, calcium and iron was established, while reducing the content of urea, uric acid, lactate, total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. Improved adaptation of the test group to physical activity in terms of heart rate (HR) was noted. The positive effect of the bio-product on the speed and strength indicators of the athletes in terms of long jump from a standstill, triple jump from a standstill, long jump with 4 running steps, multi-jumps from foot to foot 30 m, shuttle run 3 to 10 m, run 30 m was indictaed. It is recommended to use the bio-product for athletes and people with active lifestyle.