Table of contents

The 2020 International Symposium on Energy Environment and Green Development (EEGD 2020) was held in Chongqing, China in its first year during November 20-22, 2020. The conference aims to promote an exchange of recent and advanced information among scientists and engineers in the wide field of "energy", "environment" and "green development". The forum also aims particularly at promoting communication and collaboration between fundamental researchers and those engaged in the development of practical technology in respective areas of energy and environment.

We were greatly honor to have invited Prof. Hui-Mi Hsu from National Dong-Hwa University and Prof. Bang-Fuh Chen from National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China to serve as our Conference Chairman. A total of 100 people attended the conference, including three keynote speakers and eight scholars to share academic reports.

The conference model was divided into two sessions, including oral presentations and keynote speeches. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given 15 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In the keynote presentations part, our beloved Conference Chair, Prof. Hui-Mi Hsu, presented his latest research: Study on Permeability and Micro-structures of Non-cement Blended Composites. His study aimed to conduct in the mixture of non-cement blended materials using the combination of CFB co-fired fly ash and ground-granulated blast furnace slag without alkali activator. The effect of water/binder ratio, fly ash content and slag content on mechanical properties and microstructures has investigated. The second keynote speaker, Prof. Henry Hu, from University of Windsor. His research area: Environmentally friendly Lightweight Automotive Materials. Assoc. Prof. Zawawi Bin Daud, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, as our finale keynote speakers, presented his speech: Municipal Solid Waste Management in Malaysia. On his speech, he discussed finding a sustainable method for leachate treatment has always been a priority for landfill managers in order to safely discharge treated leachate into the water bodies without endangering the environment.

The conference provided a forum for discussing Energy Environment and Green Development and in particular for promoting the interchange of novel ideas and the presentations of the latest developments in this field. This conference will also provide an ideal environment to develop new collaborations and meet experts on the fundamentals, applications, and products of the mentioned fields.

EEGD 2020 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Energy Environment and Green Development to a common forum. Therefore, we compiled a lot of excellent papers featuring the latest advanced studies on the following topics: Energy Science and Engineering, Environmental Science and Engineering, Green Development and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.

We would like to acknowledge all of those who have supported EEGD 2020. Each individual and institutional help were very important for the success of this conference. Especially we would like to thank the organizing committee for their valuable advices in the organization and helpful peer review of the papers.

The Organizing Committee of EEGD 2020

List of Committee members are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double-blind

• Conference submission management system: AI Scholar Submission System

• Number of submissions received: 225

• Number of submissions sent for review: 213

• Number of submissions accepted: 119

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 52.9%

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 95

• Any additional info on review process:

Step 1. Each of the selected papers should be reviewed by two or three experts who are professional in the related area. A report of the reviewing result will come out by each expert.

Step 2. After collecting the reviewing reports from the experts, one of the editors will review the reports and decide whether the reports are approved.

Step 3. After that, the editors inform the authors of the reviewing results along with the three reviewing reports.

Step 4. Authors are required to revise their paper according to the requirements, then hand in the revised version to the editors. The editors send the revised version to reviewers and will decide whether the paper is approved to be published according to the reviewers' final reports. And at last the editors inform the decision with every details of the publication requirements if the paper is accepted.

• Contact person for queries: Feng Wu, Wuhan University, wuf@whu.edu.cn

Based on the acceleration of the development of the national economy and the overall progress of urbanization, the discharge of domestic sewage has increased significantly, and the characteristics of domestic sewage within each city are significantly different. Therefore, the design and operational stability of urban sewage treatment plants are proposed higher requirements. In this case, the urban domestic sewage treatment plant should follow the basic principles of adapting measures to local conditions, taking into account the characteristics of domestic sewage drainage and water quality in different areas to ensure the rationality of the sewage treatment process design and the safer and more stable subsequent operations. Based on this, the article takes the urban domestic sewage treatment plant as the main research object, and focuses on the related content of its operational stability.

Through the removal effects of the anoxic/oxic (A/O) biological filtration technology on organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus, the advanced treatment for secondary effluent of municipal wastewater was analytically characterized by means of filter material selection and natural biofilm start-up. The results show that the composite slag has the best adsorbing effects on ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, reaching 57% and 32.2%, respectively; as the natural biofilm start-up is smoothly implemented, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reaches over 60% in the first phase and over 96% in the second phase. This study provides a reference for the advanced treatment for secondary effluent of municipal wastewater.

At present, the biggest environmental problem facing mankind is the rapid change of climate. In order to be able to mitigate climate change, we must attach importance to carbon reduction actions. China has taken many measures to adjust the energy structure to reduce petrochemical energy consumption and carbon emissions as much as possible. In the development of the power industry, the universal application of renewable resources such as solar energy can adjust and upgrade the traditional thermal power structure. The effective development of renewable resources such as solar energy can greatly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which is an important measure to reduce carbon emissions. The establishment of solar photovoltaic power generation systems on the roof can improve the development level of China's photovoltaic power generation systems. At the same time, this can also reduce the energy consumption of coal-fired power, which is of great help in reducing carbon emissions. In the process of researching rooftop photovoltaic power generation systems, we need to analyze the importance of solar photovoltaic power generation. Meanwhile, we also need to explore the practical application of rooftop photovoltaic power generation systems, and conduct research and analysis on the factors affecting rooftop photovoltaic carbon emission reductions. Only in this way can we accurately grasp the impact of rooftop photovoltaics on carbon dioxide emissions, and provide a corresponding reference for promoting the widespread application of rooftop photovoltaic power generation systems.

In order to study the estimation of NO_x emission, numerical optimization and data fitting methods are used to study the NO_x emission law of the combustion chamber of heavy-duty gas turbines. The inlet pressure Pin, air mass flow ma, and average temperature in the combustion zone Tpz are used for the fitting of NO_x emission estimation formula under the multi-parameter impact. The results show that this is a fast and effective research method for the estimation of NO_x emissions in the combustion chamber under the condition of ensuring the accuracy, which can obtain the NO_x emission far below the average level under the condition of optimal inlet pressure.

Pyrolysis was a promising technology to achieve waste tire (WT) dispose and utilization. However, large quantities of low quality waste tire chars (WTCs) would remain after pyrolysis and they could be employed to various applications. Further understanding the structural characteristics of WTCs at different pyrolysis temperatures would benefit to guide their utilizations. Herein, pyrolysis experiments were systematically conducted at 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C respectively to collect WTCs, whose structural characteristics were detailed analyzed. It was found that higher temperature can promote decrease of large and small aromatic ring systems, alkyl-aryl C-C bonds, defects with ordered arrangements of carbon skeleton structure. Pyrolysis can significantly promote pores formation, higher temperature would promote formation of micropores, while mesopores+macropores destroy before 600 °C and then gradually form. Higher temperature can promote decomposition of pyrrolic nitrogen and sulfur bridge with enrichment of oxidised nitrogen and sulphone bridge. Higher temperature would assist in generation of pyridinic nitrogen before 800 °C and quaternary nitrogen before 600 °C.

As the most important greenhouse gas affecting the ecological environment, carbon dioxide is converted into oil, and the large-scale use of primary energy such as coal is increasing. The use of hydrate technology to store carbon dioxide on the seabed is an effective way to reduce the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. A set of hydrate formation experiment equipment was developed in this paper to simulate the environment of seabed porous media sediments, and CO2 hydrate was used as the research object to conduct experimental research on hydrate formation characteristics, and to analyze the influence of initial pressure and reaction temperature on the hydrate reaction process. Through a large number of experimental studies, this article mainly obtains the following results: (1) The process of CO₂ hydrate formation is an exothermic reaction. As the initial pressure of the system increases or the reaction temperature decreases, the more heat will be released when hydrate is formed in the kettle, and the peak temperature will naturally be higher. (2) The lower the reaction temperature or the increase in initial pressure, the greater the amount of CO₂ hydrate formation.

How to arouse the enthusiasm of farmers for ecological protection is an important issue to coordinate protection and development. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the interactive relationship between farmers' well-being and cognition, attitude, and behavior of ecological protection. Based on 618 data collected in a survey in The Qinling Mountains in 2018, this study establishes a structural equation model, puts forward and validates theoretical hypotheses about the interaction between farmers' well-being, protection cognition, protection attitude and protection behavior. The results show that: protection cognition and attitude have a significant positive effect on protection behavior; protective attitude plays a limited mediating role in the path of cognitive influence on behavior, while well-being plays an important role in the path of attitudinal influence on behavior; "living conditions" and "health status" have the greatest impact on the well-being effect. The conclusion is that the well-being effect of farmers with a positive attitude towards protection is usually stronger, and the higher well-being effect has an incentive effect on the ecological protection behavior of farmers.

For urban planners, trees play a role in improving landscape quality, but their impact on urban ventilation is often ignored. By using the three-dimensional microclimate model ENVI-met, this article simulates 14 situations with different variables, aims to re-examine the impact of vegetation cover on aerodynamic effect. The results show that trees have a resistance effect on air flow, Especially the ratio of tree spacing/canopy width related to the continuous vortex area have a significance impact on wind speed, which is needed to be considered in urban planning of vegetation layout. Moreover, the distinguished theories under both conditions whether there is buildings or not are analysed, inspiring the planners and researchers to consider the relationship and discrepancy between different scales.

"Building urban ventilation corridors" has been written into the overall planning of many cities such as Beijing, but the concept of urban ventilation corridors is not well known yet. Therefore, some misunderstandings were produced such as "Does the construction of urban ventilation corridors require large demolition?" or "Weather it is only be engaged in idle theorizing?"To answer these questions, the existing research results were reviewed and some cases of building urban ventilation corridors in China were analyzed. In this study, some common questions like "What is urban ventilation corridors?" "Why the government need to build it?" "What strategies should be followed?" and "How is the effect?" were answered.

RDX wastewater is a kind of wastewater containing energetic materials that is difficult to biochemically degrade. It is highly toxic and difficult to treat. In this paper, the synergetic treatment of RDX wastewater by ultraviolet light and three-dimensional electrode method is proposed. The optimum combination of 5mm carbon particles,28W UV lamp and 3cm distance between electrodes was used in the experiment. The optimal experimental conditions were finally determined as follows: pH value is 6.6, carbon particle addition is 7.0g, NaSO4 addition is 6.5g, electrolysis voltage is 7V, and reaction time is 70min. After 7 parallel experiments, the RDX removal effect is stable.

According to the characteristics of large amount and scattered discharge of domestic sewage in rural residential environment, a rural domestic sewage treatment system based on modular constructed wetland was designed. The wetland is composed of three modules with a treatment scale of 30 m³/d. The plants are Arundo donax and Typha, and three kinds of filter media are selected to fill the substrate. The treatment capacity and treatment effect of the modular constructed wetland were studied through experiments. The results showed that the modular constructed wetland had a good treatment effect on sewage, and the average removal rates of BOD5, COD, SS, NH3-N, TN and TP were 83.3%, 83.5%, 90.5%, 70%, 66.9% and 68.3%, respectively. The treated water quality can meet the first class standard of water pollutants discharge standard for rural domestic sewage treatment and disposal facilities (DB37/3693-2019) of Shandong Province. The modular constructed wetland can be used to treat rural scattered domestic sewage with strong applicability, flexibility and feasibility.

The outdoor wind environment has a significant impact on the climate of cold-weather cities, and it has been shown that building layout has a significant correlation with the climate environment. This paper takes Changchun, a cold-land city in the northeast of China, as an example to study the correlation between the existing building layout and the wind environment in a cold-land city based on its special climate environment, uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technology to analyze the influence of different building layouts on the external wind environment in a cold-land city, explores the building layout mode suitable for a cold-land city based on the obvious characteristics of the climate monsoonal changes, and puts forward certain optimization methods and reference suggestions for city construction.

Aluminium in acid soils is highly toxic to plants and expresses negative impact on environment and agricultural production. Understanding its distribution and transport from environment to plant cells especially root cell walls is significant in reducing its phytotoxicity. In the present study, two varieties of wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) ES8 and ET8 with different Al tolerance were examined using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The spectra results showed that the negative charged functional groups polysaccharide and carboxyl were observed at the wheat roots outer cellular layers. These charged functional groups provided binding sites for free Al³⁺ ions from the environment. And the supply of negative charges by these groups is probably one of the important reasons of high Al accumulation at plant root cell walls.

In this study, graphene aerogels with high mechanical strength were successfully prepared by effectively doping graphene aerogels with different proportions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The structure of the as-prepared aerogels was studied by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The result indicated that the aerogels show a three-dimensional network-like structure and PVA has been successfully incorporated into graphene aerogels. The mechanical properties of the graphene aerogels doped with different proportions of PVA were tested, indicating that the PVA/GAs can support 7000 times of its own weight and its maximum compressive stress can be up to 400 KPa.

Fertilizer nutrient loss by surface water contribute to eutrophication becoming one of the international problems. In order to study the effect of application of organic fertilizer on N/P loss in purple soil, an indoor simulating artificial rainfall experiment and in-situ natural rainfall experiment experiment was conducted in Chongqing, southwestern China. The result shows that TN(total nitrogen) loss in the simulation rainfall experiment was in the order of cow dung>compound fertilizer>chemical fertilizer>biogas slurry>oil cake>blank, whereas, TP(total phosphorus) loss was in the order of cow dung>chemical fertilizer>compound fertilizer>oil cake>biogas slurry>blank. TN content form organic fertilizer treated soil in the in-situ runoff test were lower than in chemical fertilizer treated soil at first, whereas the proportion of TN content form organic manure was increase and even higher than that form chemical fertilizer overtime. Grain nitrogen was the dominant nitric species in runoff under 15°, whereas Ammonium nitrogen was the dominant nitric species in runoff under 5°. The slope significant affect grain nitrogen content in runoff, while it has little effect on soluble nitrogen. Soluble phosphorus content in chemical fertilizer treatment was higher than that in organic fertilizers treatments, while particulate phosphorus concentration in chemical fertilizer treatment was lower than that in organic fertilizers treatments. Particulate phosphorus is the main form in runoff simulation, accounting for 50%∼90% of total phosphorus; while soluble phosphorus was the dominant phosphoric species with the slope, rainfall intensity and fertilizer dosage reduced. Rainfall intensity could increase P concentration in runoff. There was a significant positive correlation between the TN and TP concentration in runoff and rain intensity, fertilizer addition level, slope.

This article provides an overview of harmful substances within as well as released from common civil aircraft components. The current domestic and foreign controlling status in these fields were compared, as a result, huge blank still need remains to be filled for domestic civil aircraft. Therefore, several assumptions on commanding the harmful substances and air quality of domestic civil aircraft components were proposed. Domestic civil aircraft manufacturer was supposed to establish industry control standards, which should later be implemented to all levels of subordinate suppliers, and strictly gate-keep the quality of components. By taking measures in advances, China is more likely to open a broad international market of exporting domestic civil aircraft.

Considering the influence of hydrate on fluid flow in porous media, the relationship between hydrate saturation and absolute permeability of porous media is studied by using pore network model. The absolute permeability of hydrate free porous media is calculated and the convergence is studied. The absolute permeability of hydrate bearing porous media is calculated, the phase equilibrium migration is studied, and the pore network model of hydrate porous media system is calculated. The results show that: (1)when the throat number in the pore network model is greater than 3000, the calculation result is relatively stable; (2)under the condition that the throat diameter follows the log-normal distribution, the permeability decreases faster with the increase of the standard deviation; (3)the calculation results of the network model are consistent with the experimental data, which proves its feasibility to a certain extent.

Interfacial Bi segregation in Sn-based solders is a critical issue that affects the reliability of solder joints. Doping alloying elements into Sn-Bi solders is considered as a potential way to improve the Bi precipitation. We provided insights into the mechanism of Bi segregation at the atomic scale, by calculating the dissolution and diffusion energies of Bi in the Sn bulk. Importantly, we investigated the effects of alloying elements on the Bi dissolution and diffusion, which varies much with element species. The addition of elements such as Pt, Pd, and Au could enhance the dissolution and weaken the diffusion of Bi in the Sn bulk, thus suppressing the interfacial Bi segregation to some extent. However, other elements such as In, Ag, Sb, and Ga have slight impacts on the dissolution and diffusion of Bi. The bonding characters between the third elements, Bi, and Sn atoms explain different influences of alloying elements on Bi segregation in Sn-based solders.

In this paper, four typical compounds of odorants were selected as the research objects. The mathematical model hypothesis is established which based on the Weber-Fechner law, and then the relationship between the concentration of odor substances and the odor grade is verified to judge whether this law is applicable to the objective evaluation of vehicle interior odor. The results show that: the concentration of single odor substance and odor grade, the concentration of two kinds of odor substances and odor grade are in accordance with this law. It is proved that the relationship between odor substance concentration and odor grade conforms to the law to a certain extent, which provides an important theoretical basis for objective evaluation of vehicle interior odor and control vehicle environment to create an environmental and healthy vehicle.

It is an inevitable trend to realize the sustainable development of "natural-human-water" through multi-scale and multi-disciplinary research on urban rivers with the principle of landscape ecology. Firstly, from the viewpoint of landscape ecology, and combined with the characteristics of urban rivers, the paper puts forward urban river landscape ecological theory and research framework. Secondly, the basic problems of urban river landscape ecology are studied. Finally, the theoretical development of urban river landscape ecology is studied, including the theory of urban river landscape ecosystem complexity, classification method of wetland and riverine ecosystem, and modeling of patch age and heteromorphosis. The research results have certain reference value for ecological river construction and river landscape ecology development.

According to the investigation data of PHC in Jiaozhou Bay in May, August and October, 1992, this article shows the source of PHC content in both surface and bottom of Jiaozhou Bay and the temporal and spatial shift of vertical content by comparing the horizontal and vertical changes of PHC content and the PHC content in the surface and bottom. Consequently, in May, August and October, the results from subtracting PHC content in surface and bottom was between -0.004 – 0.028 mg/L, which indicated that the PHC content in both surface and bottom was close. In May, the difference of PHC content between the surface and bottom was -0.004 – -0.020 mg/L, both were negative, in the central and estuary waters of Jiaozhou Bay. In August, the difference of PHC content between surface and bottom layer of all stations in Jiaozhou Bay was 0.007–0.021 mg/L, which was positive. In October, the difference of PHC content between the surface and bottom layer of all stations in Jiaozhou Bay was 0.010–0.028 mg/L, which was positive. On the spatial scale, with the PHC content far away from the source, there are spatial changes of PHC content. In the center of the Bay and the northern part of the bay mouth, the PHC content of the surface layer is less than that of the bottom layer. In August and October, the difference of surface and bottom layer contents of all stations in Jiaozhou Bay was positive, showing that the PHC content of surface layer was higher than that of bottom layer. On the temporal scale, with the change of time, the source of PHC content underwent changes, showing the temporal changes of PHC content in surface and bottom. From May to August, the source of PHC content in the transportation changed. And the PHC content in the surface layer and the bottom layer in the transportation decreased. From August to October, the source of PHC content in the conveying system changed further with more PHC content in the surface layer and in the bottom layer.

Magnetic Nano-Photocatalytic Material (NMPC) helps separate and recover nano photocatalyst in water treatment. However, it is rarely reported that a photocatalyst can be separated online in photocatalytic microreactors. In this paper, a typical dye methylene blue was photocatalytically degraded in glass microfluidic chip by using Fe₃O₄@ SiO2@ TiO₂ (FST) as the magnetic nanocatalyst, the UV-LED as the ultraviolet light source, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer as the detector. The FST was easily separated by an external magnetic field, thereby realizing rapid online detection of methylene blue. During the preparation of FST, the hydrothermal method was used to treat the obtained FST nanoparticles in 100°C boiling water bath, and the titanium-iron ratio was optimized, so as to obtain FST nano-photocatalyst with high photocatalytic performance and good dispersibility. With 1.0 g/L FST/8%H₂O₂ being the catalytic oxidation system, the sample flow rate being 300 μL/h, the reaction temperature being 45 °C, the degradation rate of methylene blue has reached 100%. It only took 25 min to complete one measurement. The FST consumed per measurement was only 125 μg. The RSD of the photodegradation rate was 2.5% (n=9).

Pyrolysis is a promising technology for bio-oil utilization. However, bio-oil is thermally unstable and easily coking due to the complicated components and their interactions. This study developed an in-situ catalytic pyrolysis method for bio-oil over Ni/Al₂O₃. The results of product distribution and aromatic structures were investigated to elucidate the influence of catalyst participation and droplet sizes of bio-oil. The nickel catalyst can effectively decrease coke yield and increase gas yield at the studied condition (800 °C fast pyrolysis). Small droplets that lead to a higher heating rate would promote severer secondary reactions which lead to repolymerization. The catalyst would provide adsorptive points that help small fragments to be cracked and result in large fragments polymerizing.

Transgenic plants over-expressing vacuolar H+ type pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) gene were reported to display drought resistance, reduced vacuolar pH and raised stomatal conductance. To further understand the role of V-PPase on stomatal regulation, loss- and gain-of-function approaches were combined for analysing relationship between stomatal aperture and V-PPase gene expression. Homozygous mutants of this gene were isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. BCECF-AM fluorescence probe was used for detecting cellular pH. The result here indicated that Arabidopsis plant lines over-expressing of V-PPase gene displayed raised stomatal aperture. Both of stomatal aperture and density of homozygous vpp mutants were less than that of control plants. In addition, cellular pH of guard cells in vpp mutants was higher than control evidently. In general, our results suggested that V-PPase activity regulates stomatal aperture by changing guard cell pH.

Hexokinase catalyses hexose phosphorylation, which is the key step of sucrose metabolism. In this study, stomatal apertures of Arabidopsis epidermal peel were detected with or without exogenous application of mannose, fructose, glucose, and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P). The results here showed that G-6P, but not glucose itself, induces stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, detection of stomatal apertures of Arabidopsis hexokinase loss of function with exogenous application of glucose showed that glucose induced stomatal closure was not due to osmotic pressure and it triggered guard cell ROS production depend on hexokinase activity. The effect of irradiance and G-6P on regulation of Arabidopsis stomatal aperture was investigated. The data obtained here indicated that G-6P induced changes of stomatal aperture depend on irradiance.

This study employed coconut copra to adsorb cadmium and investigated its adsorption behavior via isotherm models. A total of seven isotherm models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevic, Brouers-Sotolongo and Hill were utilized to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Results showed that Langmuir isotherm best fitted cadmium adsorption process among all models studied, with correlation coefficient, R² of 0.963. The maximum adsorption capacity of coconut copra towards cadmium recorded 1.092 mg g⁻¹ according to Langmuir isotherm, Dubinin-Radushkevic and Temkin isotherm asserted that this is a physical adsorption process. This study however observed negative cooperativity, as claimed by Hill and Temkin isotherm models. In addition, this study explored the feasibility of biosorbent regeneration. Coconut copra demonstrated potential to be regenerated, supported by its efficient removal percentage up to 7 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. As a whole, coconut copra is potentially viable to be used as a sustainable biosorbent for cadmium removal cadmium.

The total content of volatile components emitted by ink accounts for 70%-80% during the process of drying. Various approaches, such as forcing law enforcement, stricting standards, improving governance efficiency, have been used to reduce the VOCs pollution. All these approaches not only improved the environment of workshop and regional air quality, but also promoted the standardized development of the industry.

The OPAHs from hemicellulose tar are high risk of causing cancer during thermal conversion. Therefore, the distribution of OPAHs in hemicellulose tar at different temperatures characterization via GC-MS and ESI FT-ICR MS. It is found that pyrolysis tar of xylan contain a large amount of furfural and L-glucan by GC-MS. While the ESI FT-ICR MS shows that The molecular mass of OPAHs in the tar mainly concentrate between 200 Da and 400 Da and these compounds are mostly with C atoms from 5 to 25 and DBE values from 4 to 15. Moreover, there are more decarbonylation and decarboxylation reactions with the pyrolysis temperature raise.

All kinds of meteorological elements near the airport directly affect the dissipation process of fog, which also affects the visibility. The correlation analysis of temperature, humidity, dew point temperature, air pressure, wind speed and other meteorological factors with visibility Runway Visual Range (RVR)and Meteorological Optical Visual Range (MOR)was carried out by SPSS. It was found that the four variables, TEMP, RH, WS2A and PAINS, had great influence. In this paper, the above four variables are selected as inputs to nonlinear fit the RVR value of visibility. Combined with Radial Basis Function (RBF), it is found that SVM-RBF model has better generalization ability and fitting degree.

This study conducted a Pilot-Scale Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic Process (A²O) experiment in a highland city of Linzhi. Four Dissolved oxygen (DO) working conditions of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/L was designed in this experiment. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing was performed on sludge from the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic tanks. Through the composition analysis of sludge on Phylum, Class and Genus level, it can be found that the number of bacterial community at each level of the bacterial community was relatively low. Indicators of community richness, community evenness and community diversity were relatively low compared to other regions. The bacterial communities at different levels are significantly different from the reported dominant community and abundance. Correlation analysis between environmental factors and bacterial community structure proved that DO had significant correlation with bacterial community structure (P<0.05). The removal rates of the total phosphorous (TP), Total nitrogen (TN), Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were all affected by the sample communities structure. The composition of the bacterial community structure included nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, but the abundance was relatively low. The results also showed that the dominant community in different DO conditions and different reactors has large differences.

With the increasingly serious situation of air pollution, catalytic conversion has become a hot research direction, and the efforts were focused on the preparation of catalysts greenly and effectively. The catalysts were prepared by plasma-assisted method in our work. Different gases were introduced to the plasma system. The catalyst treated by a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen plasma (PNH) catalyst behaved badly in activity and coke resistance, but the hydrogen plasma (PH) and nitrogen plasma (PN) samples displayed fine activity. The catalyst treated by nitrogen plasma (PN) exhibited high activity compared to the C sample. The amount of coke over PN sample was less than that of the NMA-PH catalyst. Whereas, the PN catalyst presented as good activity and coke resistance in carbon dioxide reforming with methane as the conventional calcined catalyst.

Zr-doped ceria has been extensively been used in three-way catalyst industry due to the excellent physical and chemical properties. Co-doping technology is always employed to improve the stability of the materials by hindering the phase segregation into CeO₂ and ZrO₂ individual phases. In this paper, we have intensively studied the stability of M-Zr co-doping systems (M= Cr, Al and Mn) under different growth conditions and under the applied stress. The results show that the O-rich growth condition is very beneficial to the formation of these compounds. Compared with Cr and Mn atoms, Al atoms produce a different type of lattice distortions, which all can improve the stability of the whole system. Among these candidates, Al-Zr co-doping can be most easily formed. Furthermore, our researches demonstrate that under a small strain range, co-doping might increase the mechanical properties of the systems by the solid solution strengthening.

In this paper, according to the idea of "forward model algorithm of leakage and diffusion", the research on LNG leakage and diffusion in dangerous goods logistics park is completed, the main research contents are as follows: 1) An improved forward Gaussian diffusion model of LNG is established to modify the parameters according to the specific environment of dangerous goods logistics park. 2) The safety trace software is used to simulate the process of LNG leakage and diffusion in the hazardous materials logistics park. The applicability of the improved Gaussian diffusion model in the case of LNG tank leakage in the dangerous goods logistics park is verified by the influence of the downwind distance of the concentration contour line and environmental factors on the leakage and diffusion.

The presence of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas will reduce the calorific value of natural gas, so hydrogen sulfide in natural gas needs to be removed. Titanosilicalite zeolite is a stable porous material with good catalytic effect and has attracted much attention due to its excellent catalytic oxidation performance in the system composed of it and hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, in this paper, the removal of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas was studied by using titanosilicalite zeolite as catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, and the mixture of hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen gas was used as the simulated gas of natural gas. The experimental results show that the titanosilicite zeolite has a good catalytic effect on hydrogen sulfide. The influence of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, reaction temperature and pH of the initial solution in the process of removing hydrogen sulfide by titanosilicalite zeolite was studied.

The sample was extracted under the ultrasonic assistance and purified through the solid-phase extraction, and then the residual tylosin in soil was detected via the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Acetonitrile-aqueous solution was used as the extracting agent in the ultrasound-assisted extraction. The HLB solid-phase extraction column was activated using 5 mL of methanol and 5 mL of ultrapure water, leached with 5 mL of water and 5 mL of 2% ammonium hydroxide + 5% methanol solution, and eluted with 5 mL of methanol in the end. The determination was implemented using the HPLC method, where the detected wavelength λ value was 290 nm, the sample size was 20μL, and the column temperature was 30°C. Acetonitrile -0.01 mol/L monopotassium phosphate solution (pH=2.5) = 60:40 (V: V) was taken as the mobile phase in the detection of response degree to tylosin in soil. The detection results were as follows: LOD was 0.019mg/kg, LOQ was 0.062mg/kg, the coefficient of variation of intra-day precision was smaller than 10%, and that of inter-day precision was smaller than 15%.

The migration rules of acrylate monomers in plastic food contact materials were studied in this work. The migration rules of two acrylate monomers from food packing materials to four different stimulants including pure water, 4% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and isooctane were investigated by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) technology. The effects of food simulation species, concentration of ethanol, migration time and migration temperature on the migration amount of acrylate monomers were studied. The results showed that the migration of acrylate monomers in different food simulants were in the order: 10% ethanol>4% acetic acid>isooctane>water. Moreover, acrylate monomers were more likely to migrate in high concentration of ethanol. In the same food simulation, the migration of acrylate monomers increased with the increase of temperature and time. This study can provide theoretical basis and technical support for food safety control in the process of production, storage and transportation.

The experiment of effect of pectase on juice yield of raspberry were studied in quantity, reaction temperature and time of enzymolysis through single factor and orthogonal experiments in this paper. The optimum conditions were as followed: pectase content 0.07%, temperature 45°C, enzymatic enzymolysis time 3.5h and under these conditions the juice of pectase contain its active ingredient greatly.

This paper briefly described the biological characteristics of pineapple bran and current status of research on key technology for its comprehensive utilization. Through the study on such production processes as liquid-state, solid-state and liquid/solid-state fermentations to make fruit vinegar from pineapple bran, existed problems and their solutions for current production processes were put forward and a broad prospect for the development of fermenting pineapple bran into fruit vinegar was demonstrated.

The decomposition products of GIS basin insulators have characteristic components under four conditions: different defects of GIS basin insulators, cracks and surface discharge of insulation parts inside GIS, abnormal heating of silicon packing basin insulators under steady state current, and particulate discharge of insulation parts. The characteristic components of decomposition products of SULFUR hexafluoride are introduced. Different mechanisms of decomposition products in partial discharge defects and abnormal heating defects were analyzed. The effects of partial discharge defects, abnormal heating defects and adsorbents on the decomposition products were studied.

Recently, the research of microbiology and geology has achieved extensive development, and the application of microbiotechnology in mining-related fields has become more common. Based on this, the paper takes microbiotechnology as the main research topic with focus on its specific application in ecological restoration of mines, hoping to help.

In this paper, a synthesis routine of microketide A (1a) and B (1b) is purposed. The microketides are divided into two parts, 2 and 3, and synthesized separately. 2 is synthesized by an ortho-specific alkylation of phenols. 3 is synthesized by first oxidizing and then reducing phenols. The chirality of carbon 6 is ensured by Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation. After 2 and 3 are synthesized, a MBH reaction connects them, providing the microketides A and B.

In this paper, the dielectric relaxation behavior of surfactant-free microemulsion composed of pure water / ethanol / triethyl citrate (TEC) from 40Hz to 110MHz was studied. There is an obvious relaxation phenomenon between 10³ and 10⁵Hz in the selected experimental path, which is presumed to be interfacial polarization relaxation, indicating that there is a microscopic phase region in the system. The dielectric relaxation parameters fitted by a dispersion term Cole-Cole formula, that is, relaxation intensity Δε and relaxation time t, obviously vary with the phase composition of the system, and different trends can indicate that the system is in different microemulsion phase regions. It is proved that the dielectric spectrum technique can accurately characterize the surfactant-free microemulsion.

In this research, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the content of rutin, myricetin and epicatechin in jujube effervescent granules. Methanol-0.1% formic acid water was used as the mobile phase, and the UV detection wavelength was 270 nm. The results showed that the content of rutin and myricetin has a good linear correlation (r>0.99) within the range of 1.0 μg to 50 μg, and the content of epicatechin also has a good linear correlation (r>0.99) in the range of 1.5 μg to 100 μg. The recovery of rutin, myricetin and epicatechin were 99.1 %, 98.6 % and 101.8 %, respectively. Furthermore, the total content of the three flavonoids in jujube effervescent granules was 472.19 μg/g, the content of rutin, myricetin and epicatechin was 433.75 μg/g, 6.46 μg/g and 31.98 μg/g, respectively.

Podophyllotoxin is a natural aryl naphthalene lignan derived from the plant of the Berberaceae family, and has attracted much attention due to its remarkable antitumor and antiviral activity. This article reviews recent research progress on podophyllotoxin synthesis and metabolic pathways at home and abroad, analyzes key enzyme genes in its synthesis pathway, and summarizes the current status of the design and synthesis of podophyllotoxin derivatives. And the further development and utilization of its derivatives provide a feasible basis.

Since the industrial revolution, human activities have led to massive CO2 emissions, and the greenhouse effect has intensified. Therefore, scientists have developed and explored various CO2 capture technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, membrane separation and cryogenic technology. Among them, the absorption technology has been the most widely used. This paper reviews and summarizes the CO2 absorption technologies in the past ten years, introduces the principles of the following six mainstream technologies for CO2 absorption: monoethanolamine (MEA), ionic liquid, calcium looping, microalgae, ammonia, and molten carbonate fuel cells. Through comparing absorption cost, energy consumption, absorptivity as well as the advantages and disadvantages, this paper reveals that calcium looping and ammonia are the relatively suitable technologies at present. The calcium looping has low capture cost and energy consumption, but the reaction capacity of CaO adsorbent decreases rapidly during the absorption process. The absorptivity of ammonia is high and fertilizers (NH4HCO3) with added value can be produced, but the ammonia volatilization problem is challenging. Consequently, the two technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages and should be used considering the actual situation. The conclusions of this paper can guide industries to select CO2 absorption technologies with relatively lower cost, less energy consumption and higher absorptivity.

In recent years, water eutrophication has become an environmental problem of general concern. In some drinking water sources, the proliferation of algae has a great impact on the operation of water plants and the quality of drinking water. At present, many scholars at home and abroad are studying the methods of algae monitoring and algae removal, and seek ways to solve the algae pollution, so as to improve the water quality of urban water supply and ensure the safety of water use for residents. In GB5749-2006, the national Ministry of health and the Standardization Administration stipulated that the index value of total microcystins was 0. Oolmg / L. Although this is an unconventional index, it reflects that the eutrophication of fresh water resources and the micro pollution of drinking water sources have become a global problem of great concern. Water eutrophication not only affects the basic life of human beings, but also has caused serious economic impact. Algal outbreaks and fish deaths caused by eutrophication in water bodies often result in economic losses to tourism, recreation, catch fisheries and aquaculture.

With the population increasing, the rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of industrialization level, heavy metal pollution becomes more and more serious nowadays. It is becoming more and more urgent to put forward feasible suggestions on the detection and assessment of heavy metals in the environment. Surface dust is an important environmental media, and people can easily intake pollutants from surface dust by daily life breathing, eating or skin contacting at any time anywhere, which will cause chronic harm to the human body directly or indirectly. In order to analyze the pollution of heavy metals in surface dust and assess the ecological risk, we take the campus of Z University as the research area. Through the investigation of the campus layout we've collected 23 effective surface dust samples. After sample digestion, the content of 4 kinds of typical heavy metal, such as Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer ZEEnit700P. The method of index of geo accumulation and potential ecological risk index were used to analyze. It was conluded:1. The average content of heavy metal elements Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in surface dust in Z University is -0.143, 163.56, 76.90 and 106.96mg/kg respectively, which is -0.83, 6.13, 2.5 and 1.28 times as the soil background values of Hubei province, and the level sorting is Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd. The content of Pb is the highest in surface dust heavy metal pollution, which are contributed mostly by tire wear, vehicle emissions and construction content of heavy metals in surface dust in Z University.2. Most area of Z University is in clean condition, except a sample point area is in or above moderate ecological risk level, the whole campus area is safe or only slight potential ecological risk.

In recent years, antibiotics have been widely used to treat some human and animal diseases, which due to their large production and usage. The antibiotic pollution in the environment has attracted more and more people's attention. As a large country in the production and use of antibiotics, antibiotics has been detected in various environmental media in China, even in drinking water. However, drinking water is closely related to the health of residents. It is very necessary to understand the occurrence of antibiotics in drinking water and assess the health risk. Therefore, in this study, taking a city in southern China as an example, it was detected that the concentration of antibiotics in the drinking water was 226.8∼498.1ng/L, and the main pollutants were tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment shows that drinking tap water for residents in this area will not pose a risk to their health.

Since the reform and the opening up, Guizhou has made great achievements in rural drinking water safety projects, creating well-being for the farmers, but how to ensure the long-term and effective performance of the project has always been a major problem in the management and protection of the project. It takes Guizhou province as an example, and concludes that maintenance expenses are the main factor restricting the long-term operation of projects, from the investigation results of different types, scales and modes of projects in typical regions. In order to ensure the long-term operation of projects, the article carries out the research and analysis of the project maintenance funds to provide reference for the management and protection of rural drinking water safety projects in mountainous areas.

The principles and methods of geostatistics are introduced. With the help of variogram, the contents of the water quality. NH4+-N, TP and COD, in rivers in the city of south China are analyzed. By using the Kriging, the special distributions of the content of NH4+-N, TP and COD are simulated. The contours of the spatial distribution of the urban surface water quality are shown intuitively. The research results provide a theoretical basis for governing the water environment.

Imbibition, the wetting fluid displacing a nonwetting one, occurs in many natural and industrial applications, such as enhanced oil recovery and CO₂ sequestration. The imbibition process is highly affected by wettability, viscosity ratio and injection flow rates, and the competition between these factors become more complicated when the heterogeneity of porous media is involved. In this work, forced imbibition in two-dimensional porous media is systematically investigated with different disorders over a broad range of wettability conditions and flow rates. Results show that the disorder and the wettability have different impacts on the imbibition process under different capillary numbers.

Mazu belief originated in the Song Dynasty and has never been interrupted for thousands of years as the precious spiritual wealth and excellent cultural heritage of Chinese. Mazu belief is the best embodiment of the profound and rich connotation of Chinese marine culture reflecting the traditional virtues of Chinese. Based on marine culture and spread widely around the world. Mazu belief is closely related to marine culture and marine civilization. Interpreting the relationship between them is of great significance for better understanding of Mazu belief culture and marine civilization. The study of Mazu culture is conducive to better promoting Mazu Spirit and promoting a better construction of a harmonious society.

In order to effectively solve the pollution problem of exploitation and utilization of geological and mineral enterprises and realize the goal of green transformation of geological and mineral enterprises, this paper USES the static game theory to analyze the interactive mechanism between geological and mineral enterprises and the government in the process of green transformation. The results show that the key factors affecting the game behavior are the government's punishment, the supervision revenue, the outside supervision strength and the green transformation cost benefit of the mining enterprises. Based on the results of the study, the paper puts forward some relevant countermeasures and Suggestions to promote the green transformation of geological and mineral enterprises in order to form a good situation of government and enterprise co-governance^[1].

Under the background of high-quality development of China's energy industry, the high proportion of renewable energy access, the promotion and application of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, the commercialization of energy storage, and the development of distributed generation are actively changing the development pattern of power grid and promoting the reform of energy production and consumption. As an Internet technology of "comprehensive perception, reliable transmission and intelligent processing", the Internet of things is gradually becoming a new technology and new field in the field of electric power in the development process of energy Internet. It is very important for energy enterprises to study the business model under the energy internet. Therefore, starting from the business model design method, this paper puts forward the design framework of business model of energy enterprises under the background of Internet of things, and finally studies the existing energy application scenarios, hoping to help energy enterprises adapt to the market.

As a green industry, tourism provides a new path for the green development of rural areas and plays an important role in the development of rural economy and the construction of ecological civilization, the sustainable participation willingness of the practitioners is the primary factor that affects the sustainable development of rural tourism. This paper studies the effect of Social Interaction on sustainable participation of practitioners. Through the empirical analysis, it is found that the interaction between practitioners and tourists, government and neighbours has a significant positive impact on the willingness of practitioners to continue to participate in rural tourism. Practitioners' satisfaction with local tourism development plays an intermediary role in social interaction behaviour and willingness to participate continuously.

Energy management is the key to China's economy prosperity and environment protection in the future. This paper makes predictions on whether China's energy 13th Five-Year plan can be achieved and the trend of energy consumption in the next stage. Aiming at the shortcoming of insufficient extraction of nonlinear features in the energy system from existing energy consumption models, and low prediction accuracy due to single models. Based on the derivation of the joint posterior distribution density function of the stationary ARMA model parameters under the Normal-gamma prior distribution, this paper proposes a Bayesian ARIMA-nonlinear regression energy consumption prediction model. Bayesian parameter estimation makes full use of prior information and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique gets rid of the tedious calculation of high-dimensional integrals. Compared with the existing model, the improved model has higher prediction accuracy. Its Root Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error are 3452.0294 and 0.4727%. In line with the development goals set out in the 13th Five-Year plan, an empirical study of the fluctuation law of China's total energy consumption was carried out using data on China's energy consumption from 1990 to 2019 and its factors. The results show that affected by the Corona Virus Disease 2019 epidemic, the growth rate of China's energy demand will fluctuate slightly in 2020. By the end of the 13th Five-Year plan, the total energy consumption can reach the expected goal. After the epidemic is under control, energy demand for the whole society will usher in a rebound growth. In the next five years (2020∼2024), China's energy consumption will continue to maintain a steady upward trend of slowing growth. In view of these situations, this paper suggests that, on the one hand, we should attach equal importance to energy conservation and technology development to improve energy efficiency; on the other hand, we should adjust industrial structure and establish a unified energy management system to promote sustainable development of the energy industry.

This article aims to study the reduction design of fragile buffer packaging under the concept of green development. Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing cushioning packaging materials, in view of the current situation that corrugated paper cushioning packaging uses a lot of materials, and the cumbersome molding has led to the wide application of plastic packaging materials, the design principle of fragile cushioning packaging under the green development concept is proposed. Taking glass cups as the design object and corrugated paper as packaging materials, three different prototype glass buffer packagings were designed. The reduced-quantity design of corrugated cardboard buffer packaging provides a solution for replacing plastic with paper. From an environmental and economic point of view, reduced-quantity buffer packaging is feasible.

With the continuous enhancement of ecological awareness in recent years, sponge city design has become more professional and secure in green eco-district planning. In this context, in order to give full play to the function and advantages of the green eco-district, it is an irresistible trend to advance the progress of the green eco-district planning and accelerate the construction of sponge city. Based on the above situation, first of all, this paper analyzes the significance and value of sponge city from three aspects of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit based on the construction concept of sponge city. Secondly, the planning and design ideas of sponge city construction are analyzed from the perspectives of compliance with principles and proper planning, planning procedures and measures, and the selection of adaptive technologies.

With the rapid development of social economy, the rapid improvement of people's living standards and the increase of car ownership, the problems of residential road traffic and landscape are becoming more and more serious. Residential area is closely related to human health and its development is a symbol of urban progress. The planning and design of green ecological residential area has become the focus of common concern in China and even in the world. Based on the concept of green ecology, this paper discusses how to plan and design residential roads and landscape. At the end of this paper, the design method of road and landscape in residential area is analysed through practical application design. It is hoped to provide some reference ideas for future residential planning and jointly promote the construction of green ecology of residential area.

"Three rural issues" has been the party and the country's attention to the major issues. The development degree of agricultural modernization directly decides the realization of national modernization. By constructing the evaluation index system of agricultural modernization in Shanxi Province and using entropy method to calculate the development level of agricultural modernization in Shanxi Province, the research results show that the level of agricultural modernization in Shanxi Province generally presents an upward trend, but the rising speed is not fast. Through analysis, it is found that the decrease of its sustainable development level leads to the hindrance of agricultural modernization. On the basis of this analysis, this paper combined with the actual situation of Shanxi Province, from the sustainable development, technology, innovation and other aspects of countermeasures and Suggestions.

The rise of power-to-gas (P2G) technology provides an effective way for the absorption of low-carbon intermittent energy sources such as wind energy and photovoltaics. At the same time, the application and promotion of power-to-gas (P2G) are beneficial to the realization of carbon-neutral goals and realize carbon recycling. This paper analyzes the principle of the power-to-gas process, including the two steps of power-to-hydrogen (P2H) and methanation, and analyzes how to use a power-to-gas facility to increase the grid-connected ratio of new energy power generation and alleviate wind and solar abandonment. This paper proposed a solution to the above problem, and analyzed the effect of power-to-gas on carbon capture, at the same time calculated the number of carbon emissions that can be reduced in the unit of energy produced, and finally, we can conclude that power-to-gas is effective in stabilizing new energy volatility and carbon neutrality and have significant social benefits and economic value. The main component of natural gas is methane, so the methane produced by P2G can be directly injected into the natural gas pipeline. Since the rate of methane production fluctuates frequently. Therefore, it will cause frequent fluctuations of the gas in the pipeline, which may cause the gas pressure, flow, and pipeline pack to exceed the limitation. This paper uses the method of characteristic to solve the differential equation of the pipeline to analyze the dynamic fluctuation process of pressure, flow rate, and pipeline-pack, and finally compared with thermodynamic calculation to verify the correctness of the algorithm.

With the acceleration of the decommissioning of civil aircraft and the huge economic and environmental benefits, how to dispose and recycle the waste materials of decommissioned aircraft has become an important issue to be solved urgently. This article first introduces the current status of the international aircraft dismantling and recycling industry, and then elaborates the scrap recycling technology of the retired aircraft from the second-hand aviation material market, metals and composite materials, respectively. Finally, the positioning and advantages of the main aircraft manufacturer are clarified, and the future prospects for the field of dismantling and recycling are put forward.

The quality index of Shenmu semi-coke is investigated to study its application characteristics, combined with the quality index of Shenmu raw coal and anthracite. Through the analysis of semi-coke products and the environmental protection characteristics in the production process, the ideas for cleaner production are provided. The industrial development countermeasures are put forward based on the development and future demand of Shenmu semi-coke industry.

Promoting green behavior through product design is a simple way to reduce human impact on the environment. Based on Design for Sustainable Behavior and Behavior Theory, this study aims to propose design principles and techniques to effectively promote green behavior, and take household appliances as the empirical object of research, and introduce Analytical Hierarchy Process to overcome the problem in multi-criteria decision making of choosing the best design principles and skills under limited resources. The empirical results show that "Design for Green Behavior of Perceived Behavioral Control" is the key to promote energy-saving behavior of household appliances. Relevant designers can consider the weight value of the research results, and effectively design products to promote green behavior.

Air pollution is a major environmental and public health issue in China. Air pollution warnings are issued with the aim of allowing individuals to take protective measures and mitigate risks. Because these warnings are only reminders and not mandatory instructions, public responses play a vital role in the effectiveness of Early Warning Systems (EWSs) for heavy air pollution. However, public responses have never been considered in the evaluation of EWS effectiveness. To address this knowledge gap, a method is proposed to incorporate public responses in the assessment of the effectiveness of EWSs. Warning effectiveness was based upon costs associated with public responses and non-responses, and the minimization of total costs. Health harm was assessed based on an exposure-response relationship, and health effect terms were used to determine the cost of non-responses. In addition, willingness-to-pay values for health protection measures that reduce the risk of dying or getting sick from air pollution were used to determine response investment costs. A Monte Carlo simulation model was then designed to simulate the uncertainty of the warning issuance and public behavior. In addition, numerical experiments were performed to evaluate the model. Experimental parameters were based on the air quality index and warning response surveys from individuals in Beijing, and the effects of air pollution warning issuance were evaluated using model parameters based on several specific scenarios. The results indicated that the current warning threshold used in China is acceptable for optimizing public response. The results also suggested that positive actions taken by people to reduce health risks can improve the effectiveness of EWSs. The model proposed herein can be used by policy makers and governments to monitor and improve air pollution EWSs. In addition, the model and the results presented here are of use for investigating the improvement of global air quality EWSs.

With the continuous development of China's clean energy industry, the consumption of high proportion of new energy after being connected to the grid has become the focus of attention of the industry. Flexible resources can effectively restrain the fluctuation of new energy generation and improve the stability of power grid. Therefore, in order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of flexible resources, give full play to the market advantages, guide the market participants of generation side, power consumption side and energy storage side to participate in the Generation Grid Load Storage interaction, this paper establishes a market-oriented energy storage interaction mechanism to promote new energy consumption and form a win-win market system.

Jiangsu power exchange center Co., Ltd. actively researches and develops the generation-grid-load-storage interactive trading considering clean energy consumption from the perspective of provincial situation, network situation and market ecology. On the one hand, in view of the future development trend of power grid with the source-grid-load-storage interaction, this paper analyzes the main market exchange demand, puts forward the generation-grid-load-storage power market transaction platform architecture, and expounds the functional module deployment. On the other hand, the Internet is used to collect large-scale and scattered clean energy, energy storage facilities and demand side resource trading demand. Based on the traditional main power market, the paper proposes a sinking market that meets the incentive compatibility principle and promotes the active and deep interaction of regional market entities, three new interactive trading varieties of source grid load and storage, and an overbooking algorithm of air tickets. This paper carry out practice in Huai'an (Jinhu) and Suzhou, and organize formal transaction and settlement.

With the increasing penetration rate, the strong intermittency and volatility of renewable energy, and the large-scale use of power electronic devices, the safe and stable operation of microgrids has been seriously affected. This paper analyzed the impact of high-penetration renewable energy on power system flow distribution, power quality, operating status, relay protection, etc. And specifically studied several specific keys to improve the operating stability of the microgrid including high-penetration renewable energy.

To study the characteristics of green development of the ancient Great Walls, this paper studies the space defense system in Ming and Qing dynasties and construction technology of Shahukou by means of literature review and on-the-spot investigation. The conclusions are as follows. The ancient Great Walls in Shahukou is a large and deep spatial structure which composes of Shahukou pass of Great Walls, Shahu fortress, and different types of piers. The attackers need to occupy city towers over city gates in Shahu Fortress and corner tower over Mamian pier, while the defenders need to carry out fire prevention and anti-collision work for the gate and gate hole in Shahu Fortress. Rammed materials has experienced many stages, such as ginger stone and yellow mud, grass mud, tabia, glutinous grain pulp tabia, and glutinous grain pulp mortar. Timber construction, timber component, and timber formwork were existed timber in the construction process in ancient Great Walls. The reason why large area of covered bricks lost was that a through joint was formed between the brick layer and the rammed soil.

The traditional calculated PM2.5 based on the simple arithmetic average method (SAAM) is not adequate enough to reflect the influence of air pollution to public health and the exposed public. Considering the exposed population to air pollution, this study calculated PPM2.5 in 31 provinces in China by using the population weighted arithmetic average method (PWAA). The study shows that in 2018, most provinces have a significant difference between the populations weighted PM2.5 (PPM2.5) and the simple average value (PM2.5) in which Qinghai and Sichuan have the highest differences. Moreover, from 2013 to 2018, PPM2.5 based on 346 cities is higher than PM2.5 and the differences grow in escalation. Thus, compared with the SAAM, PPM2.5 based on the PWAA can reflect explicitly the impact of air pollution to the exposed population.

Solar energy, as a kind of clean and sustainable energy, is widely used in most countries, and the number of PV generators is increasing year by year in China. The solar energy generation directly depends on the amount of solar irradiance, which is easily affected by atmosphere situation. With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the atmosphere situation in China become worse and worse, and the air is always heavily polluted in recent years, which will reduce the irradiance getting to the ground. In order to analyze the effect of air quality on the solar irradiance, we analyze three kinds of solar irradiance Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), and Diffuse Irradiance (DIF). The influence of the Air Quality Index (AQI) on DNI, GHI, DIF are analyzed from November to February in the most air polluted months in recent four years for Beijing, Harbin, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The date when the AQI was the local maximum(minimum), DNI and GHI were the local minimum(maximum), and DIF was also the local maximum(minimum) are selected. The results shows that DNI and GHI decrease, and DIF increases with the increase of AQI,. The six-order polynomial is used to fit the difference of the three irradiance and the difference of AQI. The average fitting coefficient R² for GHI is 0.8855, DNI is 0.8529 and DIF is 0.8466, and the highest R² for GHI is 0.9748, DNI is 0.9794 and DIF is 0.9820.

A total of 51 studies were screened and obtained from databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, NY, USA), which focused on effects of the combination of low Cd accumulating crops and amendment on Cd-contaminated soils. Both the available Cd content in soil and the Cd target rate of crop edible parts were investigated from three aspects, namely, the types of soil Cd contamination risk, soil remediation method, and types of amendment. All of the statistical analysis and figures were conducted and prepared using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 and Origin 2018 software, to obtain the changes of four indicators including the drop of available Cd content in soil, the drop of Cd content of crop edible parts, growth rate of crop yield and target rate of crop edible parts. Results showed that, the Cd content of agricultural products from low-Cd risk soil can meet the standard of 'GB 2762-2017 national standards for food safety, limits of contaminants in food' by planting low Cd accumulating crops alone. For medium-Cd risk soil, the remediation effect (96%) of combined treatment with low-accumulation crops and amendments was obviously better than that of low-accumulation crops alone (18%), and the organic-inorganic compound amendments showed the best comprehensive remediation effectiveness. The Cd target rate of crop edible part from high risk soil can be improved by combination of low accumulating crops and amendment (∼17%), however, the land use risk is too high that its use needs to be strictly controlled. This study can provide theoretical basis for the safe utilization and engineering remediation of Cd contaminated soil.

Morphine and its derivatives are widely used analgesic drugs in clinical practice. The exploration and development of morphine synthesis has always been the challenge in organic total synthesis. This paper reviews the several research and development task of total synthesis of morphine since 2010, and discusses the correlation between the yield and the reaction steps, the application of green chemistry and the feasibility of industrialization. It is concluded from the comprehensive discussion that, the synthetic route of morphine proposed by Smith in 2016 is relatively optimized. In order to realize the industrialization of total synthesis of morphine, it's not only the yield and reaction complexity that requires to be concerned, but designing an environmentally friendly and sustainable development synthetic route also should be noticed, which also have an assignable effect.

With the rise of rural tourism, Bean curd residue has gradually become a favorite food for tourists. While effectively driving the income of local villagers, it also promotes the inheritance and promotion of Bean curd residue making technology. Based on this, this study carries out innovative research.

Bat lotus root stuffed with meat, also known as lotus, is a kind of fried food wrapped with batter. It is crispy and golden outside, tender and juicy. It is popular among people. The innovation of dishes with meat has regularity and rationality: ingenious conception, high conception and complete nutrition.

The farmhouse is a kind of entertainment form for city residents to alleviate pressure on seeking, the customer satisfaction is helpful to enhance Agritainment service consciousness. In this paper, through the design of scale and field research, the evaluation system of agritainment customer satisfaction (RTCS) is constructed to study the customer satisfaction of agritainment and its influencing factors. The research results show that: in the five latent variables influence the farmhouse of customer satisfaction, customer feedback perceived the greatest impact on the farmhouse satisfaction, followed by the customer perception and customer perception of service facilities. And customer feedback in perceptual "return", "recommended rate, the customer perception" facilities in the "natural environment", "architectural style", "illegal status, customer perception of service" of "food taste", "employee cleanliness" observed variables to the latent variables effect more obvious, is the impact of the main factor of Agritainment in customer satisfaction. On the basis of the conclusion, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the satisfaction degree of agritainment.

The ketogenic diet became quite popular as a treatment option for epilepsy in the 1920s to 1930s. The development of ketogenic diet also provides an alternative to non-mainstream fasting. However, new anticonvulsant therapies have substituted it as therapy for epilepsy. Although many cases of epilepsy could be effectively controlled using medications, unsuccessful epileptic control happened in around 20% to 30% of epileptics. For these individuals, especially children with epilepsy, the diet was re-introduced as a technique for managing the condition. Since the ketogenic diet was famous due to its efficient performance in treating epilepsy, people nowadays start to use this diet to lose weight. Hence, is ketogenic diet good or bad for people? Concerning to public health issue, we review ketogenic diet from perspectives of advantages and potential risk, which can serve as a reference for people who are on attempting a ketogenic diet. Given the obvious positive effects of this diet on effective medical treatment and weight loss, we believe it could have wider application in future. However, it's suggested for people to make choice with awareness of potential risks of the ketogenic diet.

Food packaging films are generally used to protect the food from outside harsh environment. Moreover, their main purpose is to prolong the shelf life and to maintain the freshness of food. Generally, plastic materials are widely used for this purpose. However, these plastic materials are causing a serious threats to our environment due to the problem of non-degradability. In this regard, biodegradable biopolymer materials are contemplated as an important alternative due to the environment friendly characteristics. However, the packaging films prepared from single pure polymers have been reported to possess very poor mechanical properties. Therefore, blending of two or three biopolymers is considered to synergistically improve the mechanical properties of biopolymer based films. In this work, we made a novel blended films of xanthan (X), curdlan (C) and gelatin (G) by mixing different ratios of all three polymers. After successfully preparing and optimization of these blended films, mechanical properties and moisture absorbance properties of all these films were determined. Based on the results, it was concluded that the highest tensile strength of 38.22±0.7 MPa was found in the T2 treatment of 20:20:60 ratio of X/C/G blend films. In addition, highest elongation at break of 18.92±0.5% was also found in the same rational of X/C/G blend films. Moreover, characterization techniques such as FT-IR and SEM analysis were also performed to analyze the structural properties of blend films. Finally, SEM micrographs indicated that all the blend films exhibited a uniform, smooth, homogenous and compact outer surface morphology. In short, this novel xanthan/curdlan/gelatin films resulted in improved mechanical properties of blend films, which confirm its suitability as promising food packaging material.

The proton beam generates a unique acoustic signal, which can be used for range verification. It is a crucial issue to use the acoustic signal for accurate positioning. The propagation of sound waves emitted by a proton pulse(20 MeV, 1 × 10⁷protons) is simulated, and acoustic signals are recorded. The distance between sensors and Bragg Peak is calculated by the time of arrival and speed of sound. An improved centroid localization algorithm based on trilateration is presented to locate the Bragg Peak with the distance. After evaluating the verification accuracy of different methods, the results show that this algorithm significantly improves the verification accuracy.

This paper introduces the structural characteristics and working principle of the gas-liquid cyclone separation device, and explores the laws of changing of gas volume fraction distribution, velocity field and pressure drop with or without a thimble in the underflow port and under different thimble shapes. The separation efficiency of gas-liquid separator reaches 80% after adding a thimble. At the same time, indoor experiments fully verified that the pressure loss is greater and the speed increases after changing the shape of the thimble to a truncated cone shape. Truncated cone thimble helps the dense liquid move to the sidewall and the low density gas gathers toward the central axis. And the distribution of internal fluid makes the treatment effect of degassing more superior.

In the new economic environment, in order to further expand and strengthen the local mining industry and realize the sustainable development of geological and mineral resources, it is necessary to effectively transform the advantages of geological and mineral resources into industrial and economic advantages with scientific operation performance management. Based on this, this paper constructs a DEA-BCC model for performance evaluation of geological and mining enterprises in Jiangxi province, and conducts evaluation and research on the operational performance of geological and mining enterprises in Jiangxi Province. The research shows that in recent years, the mining enterprises in Jiangxi province have been developing well on the whole. However, some enterprises have too small scale and poor production efficiency, so they should strengthen cost control, appropriately expand scale, pay attention to scientific and technological innovation development, and improve the quality of employees to improve the level of business performance.

In the power market, some illegal behaviors of market subjects violate the market rules. There also are some potential harmful behaviors, such as profiteering pricing, speculation, alliance, which do not violate market rules directly. These harmful market behaviors impair the competitiveness and effectiveness of the market, cause adverse effect for the optimal allocation of limited resources. Consequently, it will impair the efficiency of the electricity market. Market illegal behaviors can be judged, punished and controlled according to market rules; However, harmful market behaviors are difficult to be identified and controlled according to market rules, so an effective method must be established to identify, monitor and control them. According to the different characteristics of potentially hazardous behaviors, four methods are proposed in this paper, namely, index supervision method, quotation behavior supervision method, trading behavior analysis method based on expert system and market simulation test method to identify the illegal behaviors in the power market. Then, this paper takes the compliance analysis of market player behavior and the compliance analysis of electricity purchase price as an example to carry out simulation test.

Virtual synchronous generator control technology, as a method that enables distributed inverter power supplies to have similar characteristics to synchronous generators, has an important supporting role in improving the stability of the power system. Based on the rotation equation and electrical equation of the synchronous generator, this paper firstly constructed the virtual synchronous generator topology and mathematical model; then designed the corresponding virtual synchronous generator active-frequency droop control and reactive power-voltage droop control strategies, and through the frequency domain method, this paper analyzes the influence of key control parameters. Finally, the related control strategy is verified in the Matlab/Simulink simulation model. The results show that the proposed control strategy can seamlessly switch between off-grid and grid-connected modes, and has good frequency and voltage support capabilities.

High quality development of distribution network pays more attention to improving investment efficiency and benefit. Distribution network equipments and related data indicators are various, and there are many manual interventions, thus it is difficult to focus on investment efficiency and benefit through information system with direct data acquisition. This paper focuses on the investment efficiency and benefit indicators, and refines key target indicators. On this foundation, the comprehensive evaluation index system of distribution network investment is constructed. The key investment issues can be find out through penetration and correlation analysis, which are verified by selecting typical areas for investment effectiveness analysis. Considering the investment demand and investment capacity as a whole, the regional investment focuses and directions are clarified according to the differentiation level of efficiency and benefit, which can accurately improve the efficiency and benefit of distribution network investment.

The stirring wind-heating system uses natural wind as the power to drive the wind turbine so that the wind turbine directly drives the heater to stir the liquid to generate heat. Therefore, the mechanical energy is directly converted into heat energy. The start-up process is a crucial step for the regular operation of the stirring wind-heating system. To optimize the start-up performance of the stirring wind-heating system, its structure is improved in this work. In the system, the flexible connection is realized by using the torque-limited hydraulic coupling instead of the mechanical shaft connection. The torque characteristic is the characterization of the start-up performance of the system. Therefore, the stirring wind-heating test-bed was designed. Taking the torque in the starting process as the primary research object, the start-up performance of different schemes of the system was tested respectively under different working conditions, such as stirring speed, angular acceleration, and liquid-filled content of the heater. After improving the connection structure of the system, the starting torque is reduced from 2.2, 4, and 7.2 N·m to 0.68, 0.9, and 1.46 m, respectively, which optimizes its starting performance.

Theoretically the paper confirmed the existence of the acoustic Zitterbewegung of the shear stress field in two dimensional phononic crystals, in which epoxy insects arranged in square are embedded in an electroreological material matrix. The shear storage modulus, the loss modulus of electroreological material, and the band gaps of the phononic crystals are changed with electric field strength. Therefore, the oscillatory period and amplitude of the acoustic Zitterbewegung of the shear stress field can be controlled by external voltages. This could be of importance in designing an experiment to investigate the acoustic Zitterbewegung of the shear stress field in two dimensional phononic crystals with electroreological material matrix.

Based on the emission coefficient method, this paper constructs the carbon emission calculation model of construction machinery during the construction period of the expressway, and carries out an example analysis of the concrete expressway according to the highway Engineering budget Quota and the bill of quantities. Under the background of green development, it provides a theoretical basis for highway construction to adopt corresponding energy-saving and emission reduction strategies, so as to achieve a win-win situation between economic and social development and ecological environment protection.

Based on the investigation data about Cd in Jiaozhou Bay in August, 1992, we calculated the horizontal increase amount and vertical diluted amount of Cd content in surface and bottom layers from the southwest waters of the bay to the west waters of the bay mouth, and set up the model block diagram of horizontal and vertical changes of Cd content. The results present that in August, the absolutely increase amount of Cd content in surface and bottom layers was 0.16-0.34μg/L, and the relatively increase amount of Cd content in surface and bottom layers was 51.51-66.66%. In the waters of southwest bay and west bay mouth, Cd content in surface and bottom layers had absolutely vertical diluted amount of 0.24-0.42μg/L, and its relatively vertical diluted amount was 63.63-75.00%. In the horizontal migration process of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers, the horizontal increase amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers reached a relatively high level from the southwest of bay to the west of bay mouth. It reveals that in the bay waters, in the parallel and opposite movement of the two currents, the current entering into the bay carried a high value of Cd content, and the Cd content migrated from the water with high content to the water with low content through the diffusion and migration of Cd content. Moreover, the migration direction of Cd content was perpendicular to the parallel movement direction of the two currents. In this way, the low-value Cd content in the outward current was increased, and at the same time, the vertical diffusion, migration and settlement of the high-value Cd content led to the increase of the Cd content in bottom layer in the outward current. In the process of vertical sediment of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers, the current had a low value of Cd content in the bay waters, and the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers reached a high level; in the bay mouth waters, the current had high Cd content, but the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers was also very high. In conclusion, the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers kept a high value regardless of whether the current left the bay or whether the current carried high or low Cd content.

At the beginning of 2020, a large-scale cold wave has affected the Bohai rim and central China, causing icing and galloping of transmission lines in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Hubei and other places, and causing some lines to trip. In this paper, the the temperature and other real-time data of line condition were considered, and a real-time analysis algorithm of galloping characteristics was proposed. In the process of this cold wave, a galloping phenomenon is recorded and analyzed in detail, which provided scientific and technological support for galloping prevention and control.

At present, the integration of clean energy into the grid has led to excessive network losses. This paper proposes a method for optimizing clean energy power generation parameters. In view of the random characteristics of intermittent renewable energy power generation such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation, the maximum likelihood estimation method is used to optimize the clean energy power generation model parameters. Then, a P-Q equation based on the integration of clean energy into the system was established. Finally, the simulation verified that the optimized power generation model effectively reduces the grid loss.

China's electricity market is now still in the mode of "Unified market and two-tier operation" including provincial and inter-provincial market. The inter-provincial market is divided into the medium and long-term market and spot market. This study takes the inter provincial spot market as the research object, and proposes a unified optimization clearing algorithm for inter provincial spot market considering path constraints. The proposed method is able to handle AC-DC hybrid electricity network, and sort and determine the trading pairs using power flow tracing algorithm. The power market software PLEXOS and practical market data are used to simulate the proposed model, and the results show the accuracy and effectiveness.

The establishment of China's electricity market has been conducted since 2015. In order to inform the condition of electricity market operation through evaluation index, this paper proposes an evaluation index system based on structure-conduct-performance (SCP) model, containing three principal aspects: market structure, participant behavior and market benefit. Meanwhile, considering the specific situations in China such as the differences among provinces and the immature rules in the initial stage of market construction, some of the market evaluation indexes should be specially designed in order to adapt to China's national conditions.

Based on the data of energy consumption and economic growth in Fujian Province from 2007 to 2018, the correlation degree between energy consumption and economic growth is studied by using grey correlation analysis. The results show that the the gross domestic product (GDP) of Fujian Province is significantly correlated with the energy consumption products. The correlation degree is greater than 0.7. The order of the correlation degree is oil, coal, hydropower, wind power nuclear power and natural gas. The correlation is significant between the total amount of energy consumption and the value added of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Fujian Province. The correlation degree is more than 0.6, indicating that the economic growth of Fujian Province is more dependent on energy consumption. Fujian Province should optimize its energy structure, vigorously develop clean energy and realize the development strategy of low-carbon economy.

The primary damage cause of crane is fatigue damage. The fatigue life prediction method determines service life and the design of the crane. So it is very important to study the prediction method of fatigue life. This paper summarize the existing prediction methods of fatigue life systematically. The research of fatigue life was involved in mechanics, metal material, vibration mechanics, fracture mechanics, fatigue theory and so on, which made a difference between the predicted result and the actual life. The development of the fatigue life evaluation methods are promoted because of the application of new skills, but it still needs more learning.

In this study, the rubber natural pumice concrete was taken as the research object, and the orthogonal test method was employed to design the experiment, the rubber particles were added to the concrete as precast pores to test the actual porosity, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the natural pumice concrete under different precast porosities. According to the change rule, the actual porosity, compressive strength and split tensile strength distribution were respectively fitted. The results show that there is a good correlation between the actual porosity of natural pumice concrete and the precast porosity, and then the empirical formula of rubber particle content and concrete strength is established, which provides a certain theoretical reference for the research on the porosity of natural pumice concrete.

In order to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization, a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic/thermal(CPV/T) system equipped with 750× Fresnel lens and roll-bond heat collector of water-bifurcated channel was proposed. The system produces both electricity and heat performance of the system was tested based on the outdoor measurement in a clear day. The experimental results show that the maximum generating power of the system can reach 3.656KW, with an average generating power of 3.31KW. The total generating energy of the system reached 25.21KWh from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm. The maximum and average electrical efficiency are 25.36% and 24.53%, respectively. The maximum and average thermal efficiency are 63.92% and 58.72%, respectively. The total efficiency can be more than 80%.

In recent years, with the development of China's economy and society, the social electricity consumption increases rapidly. As a support for the development of the national economy, the scale of power grid has expanded. The load capacity of oil-immersed power transformer is an important safety and performance index. Limited load capacity or overload may cause a large area of power grid blackout. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and control the transformer heavy load and overload.

The drilling method of counter-well drilling rig has become an important construction method for the construction of large inclination Angle pressure pipeline in pumped storage power station. In order to study the effect of the drilling rate on the stability of the surrounding rock of the inclined well. The method of numerical analysis is used to simulate the drilling rate of backwell drilling machine by changing the drilling depth of certain calculation step, and the drilling depth is along the inclined shaft line. The selection of drilling parameters is optimized and the drilling rate of the reverse well rig is determined. The results show that the tunneling rate has a significant influence on the deformation rate of surrounding rock and the change rate of stress gradient in the process of drilling with reverse-well drill. With the increase of drilling rate, the deformation rate and the change rate of stress gradient increase. The variation amplitude of the surrounding rock deformation and stress value at the monitoring point increases first and then decreases, and finally tends to be stable. Under this formation condition and drilling scheme, the deformation of surrounding rocks in wellbore after drilling at the same depth is small, and the effect of stress disturbance is not significant. The maximum deformation of surrounding rocks in inclined Wells is only 0.27mm, and the strong disturbance zone is about 2.0m. Combined with field drilling test results, the optimal drilling rate of reverse well reaming is determined to be 1.2m/h.

In order to adapt to the development needs of new load access to rural power grids, solve the problem of low utilization efficiency of related equipment, and take into account economy and power supply reliability, this paper proposes a distributed optimization planning method for rural transformers considering new load and low-voltage side interconnection. First, this paper establishs a load forecasting model that considers new types of loads such as electric heating; secondly, it builds a distributed distribution transformer network planning model with the goal of minimizing overall costs, and applys the Voronoi method to plan distribution transformers; finally, it combines the location of the distribution transformer and its power supply Scope, using the minimum spanning tree theory of graph theory to generate low-voltage line layout schemes. This paper is based on Matlab R2014a simulation platform to plan the distribution of typical power supply areas. The results of calculation examples verify the feasibility of this method, which can improve the economy and reliability of power supply by reducing losses.

In studies of blended coal combustion, blending methods have an effect on NO emissions, but few experimental studies investigate the coal combustion in different height of furnace. In order to compare the effects of different blending methods on the NO emission during combustion process, bituminous coal, anthracite and their blended coal were burned in various modes in a two-layer and layer distance adjustable reactor. The results showed that NO emission of blended coal decreased nonlinearly with the blending ratio of bituminous coal (BBR) increasing. It indicated that interactions between component coals affected NO formation, leading to different NO emission in these three blending methods (two in-furnace blending methods and one out-furnace blending method). Compared with other methods, the in-furnace blending method (bituminous coal on the upper layer and anthracite on the lower layer) showed a great potential to reduce NO emission. Particularly, when the layer distance increased to 200 mm and the BBR is 70%, the NO emission reached the lowest.

With the rapid development of urbanization, the economic evaluation method of urban distribution network needs to be reformed. The current evaluation system is not excellent. An economic evaluation method of urban distribution network is proposed in this paper. A new evaluation method combining the equivalent year and the existing value method is studied. The proposed method can better make up for the shortcomings of the two methods. In the end, the feasibility of the method is verified by a case of a certain city.

As the market transaction involves the interests of all aspects of the power industry, it is an important problem for the market operation to ensure the healthy and stable operation of the market. Market operation analysts are faced with a complex set of data - grid parameters, market rules, transaction data, background of market participants and other relevant information. Therefore, a set of scientific and quantitative analysis methods are urgently needed to help them understand the market operation situation, find out the existing problems and predict the market trend, so as to ensure the healthy operation of the market.

The high permeability of photovoltaic power generation systems in medium and low voltage distribution networks brings challenges such as reverse power flow and voltage rise. Voltage violation becomes an important factor of restricting the massive access of distributed photovoltaics. In this paper, the reactive voltage control problem caused by the high-permeability photovoltaic access to the distribution network is studied. Based on the inverter reactive voltage control strategy, a distributed photovoltaic cosφ (U, P) control model is proposed, and based on the grid-connected point voltage and the actual active output of photovoltaics, a distributed photovoltaic in-situ adaptive reactive voltage control strategy is proposed. After simulation verification, this control strategy can automatically adjust photovoltaic output make full use of the voltage support capability of distributed photovoltaics at various locations and periods, effectively make up for the shortcomings of traditional voltage regulation capabilities, and improve reactive voltage control capabilities.

This paper introduces the current safety situation of portal crane and the deficiencies of current supervision methods, and proposes the application of new methods for the safety assessment of equipment. The safety assessment method for portal cranes based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is studied, and the safety assessment method applicable to the portal cranes in service is obtained. By defining the equipment safety performance assessment value D, the real-time status and risk level of equipment can be expressed tangibly and clearly.

Competitiveness change after the establishment of carbon emissions trading mechanism is explored on the basis of Beijing industry energy consumption and carbon price data. It is demonstrated that additional costs incurred by carbon trading mechanism have less effect on the industrial competitiveness. Scenario analysis is also conducted to discuss changes under different price.

With the continuous increase in the mileage of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China, more and more pipelines need to pass through prospecting areas, mining areas and mined-out areas. In these areas, underground subsidence and surface cracking may occur due to over-exploitation of underground minerals, which may cause damage to buried oil and gas pipelines. In order to ensure the safety of the pipelines in these areas, it is necessary to put forward appropriate measures for the management of different mined-out areas. This is a new topic that needs further study for the mined-out area pipelines. This paper takes the geological disasters of the collapsible subsidence suffered by the Puxian-Hejin gas pipeline as an example, through the establishment of a settlement monitoring system for mined-out area and the analysis and verification of pipeline stress status, comprehensive physical survey, on-site monitoring data analysis, expert experience, calculation and analysis of pipeline stress, evaluation of geological safety in mined-out area, and emergency measures such as trench excavation, interception and drainage, weld protection, timely pipe lift, decompression and gas transmission, and monitoring and early warning measures to effectively reduce the risk of pipeline damage and ensure the safe operation of pipelines. The treatment measures have reference and reference significance for the treatment of oil and gas pipelines in mined-out areas.

The safety assessment index system is formulated for portal cranes according to the operation features of this type of crane. The comprehensive assessment matrix and subsequent assessment results are finalized for all levels of index according to the variable weight analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The safety assessment software system is developed for portal cranes on the basis of above outcomes. Relying on C# programming language, the software has enabled the functions of data acquisition and result processing. In addition, it shows a remarkable utility value of the safety assessment of portal cranes and is capable of the safety assessment for the portal cranes in service.

In this study, the concentrations of total Cd and available Cd in different cultivation greenhouses were investigated to illuminate the effect of greenhouse on Cd accumulation and its activation under greenhouse vegetable production (GVP). The results revealed that higher Cd contents (including total Cd and available Cd) accumulated in GVP surface layer (0-20 cm), and increased with duration years. Total Cd contents and Cd activation rate were positively correlated with GVP duration (P<0.05). Cd accumulation and activation in soils were mainly ascribed to anthropogenic input, such as heavy inorganic or organic fertilizer application. For greenhouse sustainability, much more attention should be paid to Cd contents in soils of 13-yr greenhouses.

At present, it is difficult to cope with the increasingly severe power supply and demand situation and large-scale renewable energy grid connection demand only relying on generation side dispatching mode adjustment. With the deepening development of energy Internet, new demand side resources such as distributed generation, energy storage and electric vehicles are gradually exploited, and their value is more prominent. In order to adapt to the impact of large-scale renewable energy grid connected operation on the security and stability of power grid, it is necessary to comprehensively sort out the types of power demand side resources and study their participation in the interactive response strategy of power grid, so as to effectively ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid.

Vector fitting is a powerful tool for function approximation. However, when it is adopted to approximate the propagation function of transmission lines, the number of poles and corresponding delay times need to be determined beforehand. The conventional determination method is inefficient. In this work, the parameters are determined by a hybrid genetic algorithm and differential evolution algorithm (HybGADE). The proposed approach can result in a better approximation of propagation function, which is proven by a successful implementation to an overhead single core coaxial cable.

Fatigue damage is always the main cause of the crane damage. The prediction method of fatigue life take far reaching impact on the design and service life of the crane. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the fatigue life prediction method of crane. In this paper, the existing fatigue life prediction methods are summarized systematically. And the fatigue life research was involved in metal material, mechanics, vibration mechanics, fatigue theory, fracture mechanics and so on, which made a difference between the predicted result and the actual life. The emergence and application of new technologies promote the development of the fatigue life evaluation methods, which could debase the risk of portal crane in use significantly.

The flue gas of power plant contains a lot of water, it is of great significance to save water resources if the water can be recycled and utilized. Gas membrane separation technology, which integrates the advantages of low investment, small area, simple operation and no secondary pollution, is considered to be a feasible technology to effectively realize the recycling of water resources. It has become a research hot spot of flue gas treatment in power plants. This review refers to the completed and ongoing research on membrane separation of water in flue gas and summarizes the advantages and challenges of current membrane-based technologies in water resource recovery.

There are many factors that affect the distribution of remaining oil after polymer flooding, and different geological conditions, production methods and production systems will affect the distribution characteristics of remaining oil. In this paper, the control degree parameters of polymer flooding are used to quantitatively measure the remaining proportion of four types of microscopic residual oil after polymer flooding, namely cluster, membrane, blind end and corner, and it is concluded that different types of microscopic residual oil have different reduction ranges after polymer flooding. The microscopic remaining oil distribution law of different displacement intensity positions at high, medium and low levels is summarized. After polymer flooding, the remaining oil distribution is more concentrated, and the oil saturation in the remaining oil-rich area is higher, which is distributed in strips and sheets. The main enrichment areas of remaining oil are near faults and sandstone pinchouts. The residual oil for polymer drive has a limited effect, and the development difference in the subsequent water drive stage still exists.

Since the seminal work of Hodgkin and Huxley, which quantitatively described the propagation of electrical signals through neurons, there has been much investigation into the electrical and geometrical properties of neurons and how they affect conduction velocity along a neuron's length. To study human neuron behaviors, mathematical models have expanded upon Hodgkin and Huxley's models to incorporate the effects of neurons that are myelinated by modeling myelinated portions of neurons as passive cables.

Here, we present a developed mathematical model that discretizes a myelinated axon length and finely allows for control over a number of important electrical and geometrical properties. Using this model, we present and compare how myelin, inter-node length, and ion channel density affect conduction velocity in two different lengths of axons. We confirm that myelination, internode-length, and ion channel density correlate positively with conduction velocity, and propose potential mechanisms of this effect at lower node length and inter-node length values.

Fish and fish products are rich in significant nutrients such as protein and fat, and it is an important part of human diet. However, the deterioration of fish due to the influence of microorganisms and oxidation has not only wasted resources but also affected food safety. Therefore, the development of fast and simple detection technology is an important solution. This paper combines with domestic and foreign literatures, summarizes research papers based on Near-infrared (NIR)spectroscopy, discusses the basic principles, analysis process and modeling methods of NIR spectroscopy respectively, and reviews the application of NIR spectroscopy in physical and chemical indicators, microbial indicators, storage conditions, classification and identification, geographic traceability and other related aspects, which provides a reference for the further development and research of rapid detection technology for fish and fish products.

Biofilm refers to an extremely complex and highly organized microbial community attached to the surface of the carrier, which exists widely in the natural and industrial environments and affects human life and health. Quorum sensing is a special information communication system in bacterial biofilms, which is involved in the regulation of a variety of bacterial life habits and physiological processes and is conducive to the better adaptation of bacteria to the external environment. The communication of information in bacterial biofilm has been neglected for a long time, so it is very important to study the quorum sensing process of bacterial biofilm.

The design features of inner and outer insulation structure of valve side bushing of ± 400kV converter transformer are representative. Its main insulation structure type and design method are basically consistent with those of ± 800kV converter transformer valve side bushing in China, but its design margin is lower than that of UHV converter transformer bushing, and the valve side bushing of ± 400kV converter transformer is used more in converter valve hall, so its insulation structure design and engineering should be It is necessary to analyze and discuss the insulation structure design of valve side bushing of ± 400kV converter transformer. In this paper, ± 400kV converter transformer valve side bushing insulation accident is analyzed in detail, from which the specific causes of insulation failure are summarized, providing reference for the design of internal and external insulation structure of converter transformer bushing. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the heating mechanism of the double guide rod structure of the converter bushing, gives the design size of the double guide rod structure from the theoretical analysis point of view, further optimizes the core insulation structure of the converter bushing, and gives the external insulation design scheme of the converter bushing from the perspective of internal and external insulation coordination, and checks and calculates the overall electric field distribution The radial electric field strength is controlled at 3.11kV/mm under working voltage and 0.51kV/mm under power frequency withstand voltage, which meet the requirements of electric field strength control in the design of ± 400kV converter bushing. Furthermore, the valve side bushing of the developed ± 400kV converter transformer is tested, and typical type tests such as power frequency dry withstand voltage test and partial discharge measurement, lightning impulse dry withstand voltage test and partial discharge measurement and temperature rise test are passed. The research results of this paper theoretically give the control requirements for the field strength design of the valve side bushing of converter transformer, and optimize the design size of its double guide rod structure, and develop a prototype to prove the effectiveness and reliability of the theoretical analysis. The above research results have good theoretical guidance value and practical significance for the insulation structure design and operation state maintenance of valve side bushing of ± 400 kV converter transformer.

Piezo proteins are a group of important mechanical-responsive ion channel proteins, which play an indispensable role in the normal physiological process of the organism. Therefore, Piezo proteins have attracted many researchers to develop relevant studies. In this work, an evolutionary tree of the Piezo1 gene was constructed using the gene sequences from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Using MEGA, the ancestral gene sequence was constructed and the conserved and variable regions of Piezo1 protein were marked. According to the tree, the evolution of Piezo genes can be analysed, and then it is possible to predict the direction of gene mutation. The pathogenic mutation site to the corresponding regions was also mapped. Although there is still much work to be improved, the efforts to analyze the Piezo 1 gene from an evolutionary perspective is valuable, which might be helpful for future disease diagnosis and individualized therapy.