Table of contents

Contemporary events show us that we humans are very vulnerable to economic and environmental fluctuations. As humanity progress, produce and consume like it will exist until infinity. Sustainability has always been the case, is accepted as life guidance but until then we; researchers, companies and students should try to work on this concept so that next generation can benefit from our efforts.

Sustainable way of dealing with environment and agriculture is not easy. The benefits from sustainable agriculture vary and sustainable agriculture doesn't have harmful effects on environment or sources. In agricultural activities have been performed for chaining the environment or utilizations of environment as sources with maximum benefits. If we do not success that, it is impossible for us to talk about modern agriculture. Under poor management of agriculture, biodiversity and soil properties can be damage, contaminate and some problems limiting efficient agricultural activities may be occurred.

List of Committee of ICSAE 2020, Honorary Planning Committee (in alphabetical order), Conference Chairs (in alphabetical order), Technical Program Committee (in alphabetical order), Conference Secretary (in alphabetical order), Treasurer, Organizing Committee Members (in alphabetical order), Scientific Committee Members (in alphabetical order) are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Single-blind

All the full papers submitted and presented in ICSAE-7 were reviewed by sinlge blind review method. Firstly, along with registration process, author(s) are requested to submit their short abstract. Following registration, abstract then screened by conference committee. Screening was done by the conference committee by considering its relevancy with conference topic. Once its fit, then committee send notification to the author for acceptance to be presented and author(s) are requested to send the fullpaper and preparing their conference talk.

The fullpaper then send to the expert reviewer for comments and criticism, returning back to the author(s) for revision, one or two round. In here, papers which not meet the criteria or cant be revised according to the reviewer comments were rejected for further procees. The revised paper then submitted to the conference committee for proof read, layout, camera ready paper production, and similarity test. Finally approved paper then submitted to IOP.

• Conference submission management system:

The ICSAE-7 2020 use Conference Management Tookit as submission management system at the following link: https://cmt3.research.microsoft.com/User/Login?ReturnUrl=%2FICSAE2020#home.

Authors can tract their paper progress using submission system, and also the committee inform the update by e-mail.

• Number of submissions received: 143 abstracts

• Number of submissions sent for review: 114 papers

• Number of submissions accepted: 98 papers

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 85,96%

• Average number of reviews per paper: -

• Total number of reviewers involved: 7 reviewers

• Any additional info on review process:

Along with the revised paper submission, author(s) also send to the committee the signed author agreement which declaring the following:

1. The manuscript contains original, unpublished results which are not currently being considered for publication elsewhere

2. The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors

3. The corresponding author or primary contact is responsible for communicating with the other authors about progress, submissions of revisions, signed the agreement form and final approval of the manuscript

4. Any conflict interest in the future, is solely the responsibility of the author(s) of the manuscript, therefore ICSAE-7 and IOP Publishing is not responsible and dealing with any consequences of that.

• Contact person for queries:

Queries please send to:

Sigit Prastowo

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Surakarta Indonesia

prastowo@staff.uns.ac.id

Social capital is the main resource in developing strategies to overcome natural disasters as well as to mobilize community participation in preserving environmental based-local wisdom. Social capital is the ability of individual and communities to represent their own resources and transgenerational solidarity driven by high trust and shared values to achieve goals through established social relations. This paper is intended to explore why the social capital are able to build communities' behaviour that minimize the occurrence of environmental degradation. The study was conducted in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province. Historically, the region was the first place for bottled water production in Indonesia. However, the source of the spring water of the region remain sustainable up until now. The study's results show that the strength of social capital in local communities contributes to the effectiveness of building collective action for environmental conservation. The strength of social capital also accelerates capacity building and transformation process of local institutions in order to reduce environmental degradation. More specifically, social capital entities that play an important role are participation in a network, trust, reciprocity, solidarity, togetherness and mutual cooperation.

Indonesia's population increase leads to increase in food needs. The increasing need for food requires national food security. However the country faces the problem of agricultural land diminishing. Sandy soil is one of the suboptimal land that can be used for agricultural cultivation. Sandy soil leads to problems such as low water-holding capacity that will result in low levels of soil moisture. Soil moisture content is a very important factor in plant growth. Accordingly, we need an alternative solution to solve the problem. One of technology used in agriculture is an irrigation system. Therefore, the author proposes an idea in forms of Semar Sandy-App. Semar Sandy-App is a monitoring system as well as a system that provides direct supply water in the plant root zone. The system uses subsurface drip irrigation with perforated pipes then water comes out of the hole to wet the soil. This system can be a solution to optimize sandy soil through efficiency and effectiveness in providing water. The system can control and monitor the plant water requirements through the use of microcontroller that is connected directly to the android system, so it will increase agricultural productivity to support the availability of food for the community.

The study investigated the diversity and use of tropical edible fruits consumed by tribal communities in East Aceh, Indonesia. The plant materials were randomly collected from four villages in two subdistricts, while local knowledge was gathered through a survey and in-depth interviews. Data were collected by surveying 80 people, 20 from each of four study areas, simple random sampling selected for this study. A total of 32 tropical edible fruit plant species were found in the study area. The fruits are rich in macro and micro-nutrients. Besides being a source of food, they can also be used as remedies for various diseases. This plant has the potential to be used as a commercial crop to increase food shortages, tribal economy, and to regenerate degraded lands. In addition, this study could contribute to educating the younger generation on the importance of tropical edible fruit plants.

Chilli is one of important vegetables in Indonesia, which is produced all year long despite the seasonal variation. While seasonality in consumer demand and producer supply of agricultural commodities is well understood, relatively little is known regarding seasonal variation in adoption of farm technologies, such as hybrid seeds, whose effectiveness may vary across seasons. Hybrid seed adoption studies in developing countries tend to suffer from a problem of temporal aggregation where data is either (1) measured in a snapshot of time, in which case seasonal variation cannot be analysed, or; (2) aggregated over a year or multiple years, where cyclical seasonal variation is washed out. This study uncovers seasonal dynamics in hybrid seed demand by analysing the case of chilli in hybrid seed use by farmers will be critical for improving seed-system. Factor demand functions were estimated using a unique dataset of 597 chilli producers. The study tested for structural change in demand for hybrid seeds going from dry season to wet season and identify season-specific constraints to hybrid seed use. Results showed that hybrid seed adoption is likely associated with water supply, especially during dry seasons. The adoption of hybrid seed could be lower in irrigated land during the rainy season.

This study aimed to determine nutrient status, mycorrhiza population, and yields of maize-soybean strip intercropping in sandy soil environments of North Lombok, Indonesia. The experiment designed with Randomized Block Design with three blocks and five treatments, i.e., P1 (2 rows of maize: 2 rows of soybean), P2 (3 rows of maize: 2 rows of soybean), P3 (3 rows of maize : 3 rows of soybean), P4 (4 rows of maize: 2 rows of soybean), P5 (4 rows of maize : 3 rows of soybean). The results show that an increase of one more row from 3 to 4 rows significantly decreases the weight of maize cobs (3.5-folds), pods (2.3-folds), and 1000 seeds (1-folds). One row of maize plant density, which was beginning three rows to 4 rows, causes a decrease in the weight of dry root biomass and shoot of maize and soybean plants. The root weight and dried shoots of maize fell to 3.5 and 4.5 times, and the weight of dried roots of soybeans fell to 1.41 times at the age of 92 days after observing the 4:3 ratio of maize and soybean plants.

This study aimed to know the potential use of mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck) as a cover crop and its effect on soil organic carbon and maize yield were studied. Six cover crop treatments; 250,000, 375,000 and 500,000 plants/ha combined with desiccation times at 28 and 35 days after sowing (DAS) and one control treatment (without cover crop), were tested in a semi-arid area of North Lombok. Maize at a density of 98,000 plants/ha was planted two weeks following the desiccation time. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that the higher cover crop population density with later desiccation time, produced higher above ground biomass, being the highest at 8.3 Mg/ha and the lowest at 2.6 Mg/ha. The highest cover crop biomass improved soil organic carbon by 60%, nitrogen, phosphorous and potash concentrations in plant tissue by 54%, 54% and 63%, respectively, compared to the one in the control treatment. Maize yield also increased by 24% at the highest cover crop density desiccated at 35 DAS. The use of mung bean as a cover crop sounds promising and further studies are needed to explore more of its potential benefits.

The availability of in vitro cell culture derived from local breed provides an opportunity for tackling problems related to the preservation of its genetic materials and can potentially be applied for downstream in vitro-based studies. Here, we established primary fibroblast cell culture from Pelung chicken, then explored its growth characteristic and potential uses for wound healing assay and cytotoxicity tests of medicinal bioactive compounds. Fibroblast cells were isolated from embryonic skin tissue and maintained in DMEM-FBS media. Wound healing assay was performed by creating a "scratch" in the cell monolayer, followed by capturing periodic images of migrating cells. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue dye exclusion assay in various doses of Centella asiatica L. leaf extract. Cells outgrowth from the skin explant revealed a typical morphology of fibroblast-like cells that reached maximum growth at 7.95 × 10⁴ cells/cm² after 5 days. With continuous passage, the population of the cells became more homogeneous and population doubling time increased. In the wound healing assay, cells migrated towards the wound area within 24 hours, suggesting their ability to normally respond to chemical cues. In cytotoxicity test, cells' viability corresponded in a dose-dependent manner with the amount of C. asiatica extract tested into the culture.

Vegetable fern species distributed throughout the world are diverse, but there is a lack of scientific data about the nutritional content of local vegetable ferns. This study aimed to provide preliminary data of Diplazium esculentum nutrition obtained from Bone Bolango District, Gorontalo area, Indonesia, in order to support the developing of pharmaceutical and mixed animal feed products. Tests for the proximate characteristics of leaf extracts and the phytochemical analysis were carried out through qualitative screening following Indonesian National Standard (SNI) Method year 2006, while the detail amino acid compound analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) method. The results showed that D. esculentum from Gorontalo Land is rich with proteins and amino acids. The amount of protein and fat is detected as 21.52 ± 2.70% and 2.47 ± 0.97% respectively. The fern also contains complete secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and glycosides with a high amount.

Climate change has created a sense of global kinship and increased levels of religiosity. Environmental management is essentially based on two factors, namely reducing environmental risk and increasing environmental benefit. This article describes the sustainability of ecotourism developments, the development of ecotourism in Genilangit based on participation, the management of ecotourism in Genilangit based on a stimulus of religious ecology, and the strategies of the mountainside community for adapting to climate change. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study, which aims to gain a deep understanding of the attitudes and behaviour of the community with regard to religious ecology in developing ecotourism. The results of the research show that ecotourism in Genilangit is "Green and Fair" in its concern for sustainable development and conservation, in aspects of economic sustainability, social sustainability, and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism in Genilangit is community based, and the principle of religious ecology is always implemented as the basis for managing ecotourism which is adaptive to climate change. The success of the Genilangit community in adapting to climate change is due to their social and cultural adaptations which are implemented within a framework of religious ecology.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of beta-agonist on beef cattle by integrating data from various experiments and analyzing the data by a meta-analysis method. A total of 42 articles were used to build a database in which the articles reported dietary addition of beta-agonist on performance and carcass of beef cattle. Treatments were grouped into control (without beta-agonist) and with beta-agonist addition. The treatments were considered as fixed effects whereas different experiments were considered as random effects. Model statistics used was P-value in order to distinguish between the two groups, and the P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results showed that dietary beta-agonist addition increased average daily gain and gain to feed ratio of beef cattle (P<0.001). Beta-agonist elevated hot carcass weight (P<0.001) and dressing percentage (P<0.01), but had no effect on fat thickness. Longissimus muscle area increased (P<0.001) while marbling score decreased (P<0.05) due to the addition of beta-agonist. The additive positively influenced Warner-Bratzler shear force of carcass (P<0.001) but had no effect on its pH value. In conclusion, beta-agonist favourably affects production performance and carcass property of beef cattle.

This study aimed to estimate feed metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP) contents by their chemical composition. A total of 134 feeds from various categories (dry forage, fresh forage, silage, concentrate rich in energy, concentrate rich in protein and by-product) were integrated into a database. Values of TDN and CP were regressed against ME and MP, respectively. The value of ME was predicted from neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), ether extract (EE) and CP whereas MP was predicted from rumen degradable protein (RDP) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP). The RDP to RUP ratio was regressed to MP in order to obtain optimum value of the ratio. Results showed that TDN and CP could predict quite accurately ME and MP by explaining 78.2% and 92.7% of their total variations, respectively. The ME was accurately predicted by NFC, NDF, EE and CP, whereas MP was accurately predicted by RDP and RUP. Lower RDP/RUP led to a higher MP percentage to CP. It can be concluded that TDN, CP and other feed chemical constituents could predict quite accurately ME and MP. This indicates that the old system is still valid to be used for formulating ruminant diets.

Cavendish banana has a high economic for food export commodities. High export opportunities need to be balanced with increased productivity by selecting superior seedlings through in vitro seed propagation. The tissue fruitfulness depends on the media used. The media used substitution between MS media and Gandasil D leaf fertilizer with different concentrations. The researcher also used a completely randomized design (CRD) of one factor with five treatment combinations and six repetition. The treatment used is MS 100% as a control; 75% MS + 25% Gandasil D; 50% MS + 50% Gandasil D; 25% MS + 75% Gandasil D; 100% D. the variables observed include time of buds, number of shoots, plantlet height, time of leaves, number of leaves, time of roots, number of roots, and root length. The data analysis used is the physical analysis method based on the F test of 5% level. The results of the research showed that 100% Gandasil D and 25% MS + 75% Gandasil D treatment had the highest influence on the number of leaves, number of shoots, plant height, and number of roots. The mixture of MS media and leaf fertilizer can be used as an alternative medium for multiplication of Cavendish bananas.

Efforts to propagate banana seeds with good quality on a large scale can be pursued through tissue culture techniques. In tissue culture often uses Murashige and Skoog (MS) media but these media are difficult to obtain. Growmore is a leaf fertilizer that has the potential to replace MS media because it has a complete nutrient content. This study aims to obtain the most effective composition of MS media and Growmore fertilizer for the growth of ambon banana shoots in vitro. The study was conducted at the Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Sebelas Maret University using a completely randomized design pattern (CRD) with a single factor divided into 5 levels with 6 replications. Variables observed include the time of buds, number of shoots, plant height, time of leaves, number of leaves, time of roots, number of roots, root length. The results showed the composition of 25% MS + 75% Growmore gave the highest results on the number of shoots, the composition of 50% MS + 50% gave the best results on plantlet height, number of leaves, and number of roots.

This study aims to determine the performance of Mentik Wangi rice at M3 generation mutant rice and select the M3 generation mutant plants as a result of 250 gray gamma irradiation which has short stems with high productivity. The research was carried out by planting 70 M² lines of 250 gray gamma irradiation and control plants. The variables observed were plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, panicle bush thickness index, weight of 100 seeds, weight of seeds per clump. Following observation, data were analyzed descriptively and statistically compared using t-test to determine the difference of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik rice from 250 gray gamma irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). There are 24 individual selected lines of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik Wangi mutants from 250 Gy gamma ray radiation which have a short stem character and have higher productivity than control plants.

Mentik Wangi rice is a local variety that is quite popular with the people of Magelang. Mentik Wangi rice has a distinctive aroma and has a fluffier texture. The disadvantage of Mentik Wangi rice is the potential for lower production and the plants are too high. There is an effort done to overcome that problem were planted mutation through the utilization of gamma-ray irradiation. The aim of this research is to select M3 generation mutant rice resulting from 200 gray gamma-ray irradiation which has a short stems and has higher productivity and determine the performance of M3 generation mutant rice resulting from 200 gray gamma-ray irradiation. The observational data were analyzed descriptively and compared the performance of the Mentik Wangi M3 rice plants as a result of 200 gray gamma-ray irradiation with control plants through T-test analysis. The results showed that the performance of the M3 generation of Mentik Wangi rice was better than control plants, there were several strains with potential mutants traits based on the positive character of each individual. There are 24 Mentik Wangi M3 generation rice plants resulting from 200 gray gamma-ray irradiation plants which are selected based on short stem and have a high productivity.

Sweet potato has the potential to be developed for diversified food consumption programs as a source of carbohydrates, nutrients, with a small risk of failure, low production costs, various processed products, food providers, industrial raw materials, and animal feed. This research aimed to analyze sweet potato farming economically and socially. The study was carried out quantitatively using a survey method. The research was conducted in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The location was chosen purposively. The sampling method was carried out using census in Kalitengah and Kedungpring Districts, in 6 villages, with 348 respondent farmers. The data analysis employed Revenue Cost (R/C) and descriptive analysis. The results revealed that 80.46% of farmers did not complete elementary school. Farmers with experience in sweet potato farming over 20 years reached 67.53%. Their income from total farm costs was IDR 5,178,296, with an R/C ratio is 1.89. Sweet potato farming is profitable and feasible to develop. The utilization of small sweet potato tubers affected by Cylas Formicarius disease as a fish feed was carried out by 19.54% of the farmers. Meanwhile, 51.72% of the farmers utilized sweet potato stalks and leaves as goat feed.

This research aims to investigate profiles resource farmers who have for implementing the integration of farming the crop-livestock and analyze the right resources allocation applied to farmers to obtain the optimal revenue. The research was implemented at the Mojogedang Subdistrict, Karanganyar Regency. Design research using the survey method. In purposive sampling method sampling by the number of 35 respondents who are members of the beef cattle farmers group. Data analysis is a descriptive analysis, analysis of cost and income of farming-livestock, as well as data analysis Linear Programming. The results show that the value of total receipts that exceed the total costs (TR > TC) and effort assessed beneficial because R/C ratio > 1. Based on the results of the analysis note that R/C Ratio of the beef cattle business and farming paddy business was 1.08 and 1.36. The results of optimizing the use of labor resources at a surplus value of 6.34 means that labor resources at the respondent farmer level have excessive status and have not been fully utilized. Conclusion on the research is the integration between paddy and beef cattle can be applied in the subdistrict of Mojogedang, Karanganyar regency.

Methionine is an essential amino acid which plays important roles in metabolism. Methionine sufficiency is expressed in the animals' performance. This research aimed to study the effect of methionine supplementation on the consistency of quail' egg weight. There were three treatments groups with five replicates of 15 birds each as follows: D0 (control), D1 (control + 0.06% methionine) and D2 (control + 0.12% methionine). The egg weight data were collected for two periods of 28 days (2 × 28 days) started from when the egg productions reached 50% (63 days of age). The D1 and D2 yielded heavier egg than D0 (P<0.01). The data were split and averaged into eight weeks and were divided into two subsets: the consistency of the first period (1^st–4^th week) and second period (5^th–8^th week). Intraclass correlation was used as the measure of egg weight consistency. Result showed that intraclass correlation of D0, D1 and D2 in the first period were 0.29, 0.79 and 0.63 respectively; whereas in the second period were -0.11, 0.54 and 0.08 respectively. Intraclass correlation of D1 and D2 were higher than D0. Finally, methionine supplementation in the quail' diet consistently increases egg weight.

In Indonesia, consuming python bile is quite popular to treat various health conditions, such as respiratory disorders, fever, aches, and increase immunity. However, scientific study as a basis for the use in this modern era still limited. This research is a literature study to determine the efficacy and safety of python bile consumption. Literature search was conducted in June 2020. Appropriate keywords were put in Google search engine, Google Scholar and PubMed. The results showed pythons bile have the main content of bile acids and bile salts type Tauropythocholate (TPC), Taurocholate (TC), Taurodeoxycholate (TDC) that could inhibit bacteria growths. Other compounds are protein and antioxidants. Consumption of python's bile can provide benefits like bile function itself, namely elimination of toxins, increase the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol. Pythons bile can be a source of bacteria and parasites transmission. High doses (>2 biles) and long term use are not recommended since the potential damage of liver and kidneys. Python bile has the potential for efficacy in accordance with its empirical claims. The consumption of healthy snake bile, in accordance with the dosage and not often is quite safe. This finding must still be strengthened with experimental study.

Mentik Susu rice is one of Indonesian local rice variety that is less attractive to farmers because of its high stems and low yield. One method of using physical mutagen is gamma ray radiation. The purpose of this research is observing the performance of mutated M5 generation of mentik susu rice which already irradiated with 200 Gy gamma ray and selecting the short-stemmed ones which have high productivity. The research was conducted in Novermber 2018-April 2019 on Palur Village, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo Regency. The experiment was done by planting 35 individual M5 and control seeds. The variables observed were plant height, harvest age, number of productive tillers, panicle intensity index, seed yield per plant. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared the performance of mentik susu rice M5 with control via T test analysis. The results showed that there was a difference in the performance of the M5 mutants of mentik susu rice as result of 200 Gy gamma ray irradiation compared to control mentik susu rice. There are 22 selected mutant plant individuals in the M-MS2-G15T3-5-2(18,25,16,8)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-4-15(10)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-5(56,18,9)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-4(11)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-12(15,13,18)strains; M-MS2-G17T17-13-9(23,21,29)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-9(17,12)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-18(35)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-14(28,61,36)strains; and M-MS2-G18T3-6-13(35)strains.

Forest plays an important role on reducing the impact of global warming as carbon sink. Forest has an ability to absorb carbon on large scale and store it as biomass. This research was aim to determine the potential of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in pine-mahogany mixture stands in Specific Purpose Forest Area (SPFA) of Gunung Bromo. The systematic sampling with random start was used to determine the plot, and the distance between plots were 100 m. In total, there were 35 square plots, 20 × 20 m in size, that had been set up under the pine-mahogany mixture stands. This research was conducted by using non-destructive sampling method by measuring the tree volume. The pine-mahogany stands dominated by the trees with diameter class 20-30 cm. The tree density and stand volume were 431 trees/ha and 229.4 m³/ha. Estimated aboveground biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ equivalent in pine stands were 136.53 ton/ha, 64.17 ton C/ha, and 235.29 ton/ha, while for mahogany stands were 33.01 ton/ha, 15.56 ton C/ha, and 57.04 ton/ha, respectively. Thus, the total biomass and carbon stock in pine-mahogany mixture stands were 169.63 ton/ha and 79.73 ton C/ha. Meanwhile, total CO₂-equivalent was 292.23 ton/ha.

Rainfed lowland rice is the second largest rice growing areas in Indonesia. One of the most vulnerable agro-ecosystems to the climate change is the rainfed lowland because of the erratic, unpredictable rainfall and most of them have very limited access on water resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, production, soil fertility and economic efficiency of integrated crop-livestock management system (ICLS) and farmer practice (FP). The study was conducted at the farmer's field in Jaken, Pati, Central Java, Indonesia during wet season. The result showed that ICLS in rainfed lowland areas could (1) reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from paddy rice by implementing integrated crop (paddy rice) management technique (ICM), (2) avoided CH₄ release from manure of livestock using anaerobic digester to the atmosphere and used the CH₄ production for energy purpose, (3) improved the soil fertility by giving additional composted farmyard manure to the soil, and (4) enhanced the economic benefit for farmers. ICLS approach is one of the options where adaptation and mitigation technology could be conducted in a synergistic way.

In Maros Regency, especially Tanralili District, some people do not only farm on paddy fields, but also on land planted with trees, such as gardens in the yard, commonly called agroforestry. This study aims to decided land suitability classes for agricultural and forestry, and analyze limiting factors in developing agroforestry in Tanralili District. The methods used in this study were land survey, soil sampling, laboratory analysis, and matching methods to evaluate land capacity and land suitability for peanut and sengon in 10 land units from work maps. The results of this study show that land capability classes in Tanralili that can be pursued for agroforestry systes are class III and IV, with limiting factors such as slopes, erosion, rocks, soil texture, and rooting condition in sub-class III, and drainage factor in sub-class IV. The actual land suitability class for Peanut is S3 (marginally suitable) and class N (unsuitable), and for Sengon is S2 (moderately suitable), S3 (marginally suitable) and N1 (unsuitable for now). The threat of erosion is a limiting factor that can inhibit optimal growth of peanut and sengon. Nutrition availability affects inhibition of peanut. Water availability and the rooting condition and land preparation becomes limiting factors for Sengon.

Temanggung tobacco recognized for its aromatic character and high-nicotine content is a main component of clove cigarette. Currently, it only fulfils 30% of market requests. A major issue is low productivity caused by land fertility degradation and pathogens invasion such as Phytophthora nicotianae, the causal agent of black shank disease. This research aimed to determine the incidence level and distribution of the disease within tobacco plantation in Temanggung. A survey was conducted on 53 locations determined by a land system method. The incidence of black shank was recorded for each location as well as soil samples were also taken to identify soil nutrient contents. The results revealed that black shank was found at various incidence levels in several sampling points, especially in the paddy land. In dry land, none of black shank was found. In contrast, in paddy land black shank incidence reached up to 44%. It indicated that environmental condition influenced development of black shank. C-organic has a negative correlation with black shank incidence. High black shank incidence took place in low C-organic areas. C-organic has an important effect on the improvement of physical and chemical structure of soil characters as well as the equilibrium of soil microbes.

This study was aimed to predict heterozygosity related to body weight (BW) trait from simulation of allele frequency changes in five crossbreeding scenario of Indonesian goat breed, namely Indonesian goat called Jawarandu (Etawah grade ♂ >< Kacang ♀), Boer (Boer ♂ >< Boer ♀), Boerja F1 (Boer ♂ >< Jawarandu ♀), Boerja F2 (Boer ♂ >< Boerja F1♀) and Boerja F3 (Boer ♂ >< Boerja F2 ♀). Allele frequency simulation was conducted, the heterozygosity were estimated and the associations to observed BW were measured from corresponding goat samples. BW (kg) data was retrieved from 1.5-year-old goats from the studied samples. In this study, allele that control BW trait was coded as "B" for high and "b" for low BW. The initial allele frequencies in Jawarandu were set as (B=0.45; b=0.55) and in Boer were (B=0.7; b=0.3). The simulation resulted in allele frequency in Boerja F1 were (B=0.57; b=0.43), F2 (B=0.64; b=0.36) and F3 (B=0.67; b=0.33). The estimated heterozygosity values were 0.54 0.42; 0.52; 0.47 and 0.44 in Jawarandu, Boer, F1, F2 and F3 respectively. Whereas the respective average of observed BW was 30.50±4.50; 49.50±5.90; 41.80±4.10; 41.60±3.60; and 39.80±3.20 kg. We confirmed that crossbreeding changes the heterozygosity in our simulation study.

Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers in the production of horticultural crops, increases production costs, decreases soil fertility and damages the environment. This article reports the growth and yield of tomato plants grown in soil media containing several doses of inorganic fertilizers and sprayed with Lombok brown algae extract. Tomato plants are grown in soil media containing inorganic fertilizers at a dose of 0, 50% or 100%. Then, each treatment plant was sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract once a week during vegetative growth. The results showed that each Lombok brown algae extract had the same effect on NPK absorption, growth and yield of tomato plants. However, the effect of algae extracts on the absorption of essential elements, growth and yield of tomato plants is highly dependent on the dose of inorganic fertilizers supplied in the soil medium. The absorption of essential elements, growth and crop yields significantly increased in plants grown in soil medium containing 50% inorganic fertilizers and sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract, compared to plants containing 0 inorganic fertilizers. This shows that the use of inorganic fertilizers can be reduced to 50% as long as the plants are sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract.

Study was held on the smallholder dairy farming at Batu City, East Java. This research addressed to examine dairy farming value added and profit margin. Multistage sampling method was a technique to select 33 farmers who grouped into 3 scales involving scale-1 (having 5–5.5 Animal Unit (AU), n = 9), scale-2 (owning 6–7 AU, n = 7), and scale-3 (controlling 7.5–8.5 AU, n = 17). Primary and secondary data collection was about two months (April–June 2019). Descriptive analysis using economic formulation method was employed to analyse the data. Results reported that respondents were male farmers aged 50–59 years old with secondary school education and length experience (21–30 years) in raising dairy cattle and they came from medium family member (4–5 persons). Farmers who raised 6–7 AU (scale-2) achieved the highest value added about 45.23%, followed by 43.30% for scale-3 and 37.46% for scale-1. Similarly, profit margin was best-performing in scale-2 (25.33%) compared to scale-3 (24.75%) and scale-1 (22.27%).

This study was aimed to compare reproductive performance of Jawarandu goat serviced naturally and artificially. In total 433 Jawarandu does were randomly allocated into two groups namely Natural Mating (NM; n=233) and Artificial Insemination (AI; n=200). In this study, reproductive performance was measured in percentage of pregnancy, litter size, and kid born single, twin and triplet. Between groups, data were compared using t-test at α = 5%. NM group was performed in mating pen, and per Boer buck was colonized with 20-25 does for 45 days, followed with pregnancy check using ultrasonography at day 45 post insemination. In AI group, oestrous signs were observed in morning and evening, while insemination was done maximum 12 hours after sign of oestrous. The percentage of pregnancy in NM was higher (p<0.05) compared to AI (73.39 vs 21.00%), litter size (1.37±0.49 vs 1.35±0.56; p>0.05). Similarly, in percentage of kid born single, twin and triplet, no differences were found in both groups (63.35 vs 64.86; 36.02 vs 35.14; and 0.62 vs 0%; respectively). All in all, natural service gives better reproductive performance compared to the artificial one. Its suggested due to factors related to the ability to determine the right time for service.

Utilization of rhizosphere bacteria as agents for controlling of soilborne pathogenic soil microbiomes has been reported in many studies since decades. The aim of the research is identification and characterization the potential of isolated bacteria consortium for controlling of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). The bacteria were selected through the antagonistic test, pathogenic test, and compatibility test. The effectiveness of inhibition of selected bacteria were tested in-vitro through the greenhouse-scale of suppressive soil experiments. The result showed that the Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010 and BS 3–4B have the highest percentage of inhibition to the Foc (25.68–29.02%). Non-pathogenic bacteria with a percentage of inhibition above 20%, consists of 3 consortia by compatibility testing. Three bacterial consortiums were obtained, the first consortium (BS 3–4B, Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010, Staphylococcus arlettae strain ATCC 43957, Bacillus cytotoxicus strain NVH 391–98 and Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232), 2nd consortium (Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010 and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus strain XDB9), and 3rd consortium (Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus strain XDB9 dan Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232). The data showed application of selected single bacteria able to delay fusarium disease in banana plants more than 45 days post infection in comparison to control plants.

PGPB enhance plant growth through nitrogen fixation, IAA production, phosphorus and pottasium solubilization. PGPB as biofertilizer provide an alternative for chemical fertilizer to reduce environmental damage. PGPB in consortium could be more effective instead of single strain inoculant. The aim of this study is to investigate compatibility, design soil bacteria consortium isolated from rubber-Canna intercropping plantation and evaluate the consortium's potential as biofertilizer. Functional roles of PGPB was tested such as nitrogen fixation, potassium and phosphate solubilization, and IAA production. Detection of pathogenic bacteria was tested by Blood Agar method. Compatibility test was performed by cross streak method. Bacteria were identified using sequencing of 16srRNA gene and verified using BLAST to database of NCBI. The results showed that among 19 bacterial isolates, all showed the nitrogen-fixing activity, G5 had the highest phosphorus and potassium solubilization index, whereas Citrobacter braakii strain 167 produced the highest IAA concentration. Compatibility analysis showed that Citrobacter freundii strain LMG 3246, Citrobacter braakii strain DSM 17596 and G5 are compatible as a bacteria consortium and may developed as biofertilizer. This study found a possible new and beneficial biofertilizer formulation to enhance plant growth and to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer.

Eurycoma longifolia Jack is one of the important medicinal plants in Indonesia and is used in many traditional and modern medicines. Information on trichome characteristics of E. longifolia and its relationship with environmental factors is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and density of the leaf trichomes of E. longifolia, to observe its correlation with geographic and climate factors of population, and to identify trichome characters that can discriminate among populations. The morphology and density of the leaf trichome of six populations of E. longifolia were investigated using a light microscope. Analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and clustering of the population were performed. The results of this study detected two types of glandular trichome in the leaf of E. longifolia, namely peltate and capitate. Analysis of variance showed a significantly different density of trichome among populations. Variation of trichome density among populations may be caused by different micro-environmental of population and genetic factors of plant individuals. We confirmed that geographic and climate factors of the population have significant positive/negative correlations with types and density of trichomes. The PCA analysis exhibited trichome density could be used as a distinguishing characteristic among populations.

Temperature plays an important role in plant growth and development. The increased temperature suddenly may cause severe consequences. This study aimed to observe the impact of temperature, exposure of duration, and the interaction between temperature and exposure duration at the germination phase and seedling growth of chili pepper. The research design used Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the temperature consisted of five-level of temperature i.e: 35°C, 37°C, 39°C, and 41°C. The second factor was the exposure duration consisted of four hours, eight hours, and twelve hours. The Parameters observed were the percentage of seed germination, shoot length, root length, number of roots, seedling height, number of leaves, fresh weight of seedling, dry weight of seedling, and chlorophyll content. The results of this study showed that there is an interaction between temperature and duration of exposure, the rise in the temperature and duration of exposure decrease shoot length 35.15%, root length (23.23%), number of roots (29.82)%, fresh weight of seedling (40%), number of leaves (30%), chlorophyll content. As a result, the growth of Chili seedling showed a drastic reduction in shoot development, root development, and physiological parameters tested, the germination stage is very susceptible to raise the temperatures.

Mentik Wangi rice is local rice originating from Yogyakarta Indonesia, which has distinctive fragrant and fluffier texture. The problems that occur in Mentik Wangi rice cultivation are that the harvest time is longer, and the plants are too high so that it gives a potential lower production impact because it is easy to collapse. One way to overcome this problem is through plant breeding with gamma-ray irradiation. The aim of this research is to select Mentik Wangi M5 irradiated by 100 Gy gamma-ray, which has a short stem and has high productivity. Observation data were analyzed descriptively, followed by a T-test to compare the performance of Mentik Wangi M5 rice plants from 100 gray gamma irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). The shortest plant height is in the M-MW1-G12-01-18–05 of 96cm with a height range of 96–110 cm. The highest number of productive tillers was found in the M-MW1-G80-11-08-15 with a range of 15–25 tillers. The highest panicle density index range was found in the M-MW1-G35-02-06-19 of 4.6-6.77. The highest level of plant productivity was found in the M-MW1-G12-01-18-01 which was 5.95 tons/ha. The results of the selection there are 21 individual plant mutans.

Mentik Wangi rice is native to Indonesia, it has an oval round shape of rice, yellow brown rice, and fragrant aroma. Mentik Wangi has a weakness that is relatively long harvest time, the plant is too high so it easily fell. This research aims to determine the performance of M5 generation of mutant rice and to select M5 generation of mutant plants resulted from 200 gray gamma irradiation which has short stems with high productivity. The research was carried out by planting 36 genotypes, namely 35 M4 lines of 200 gray gamma ray irradiation and control plant (without irradiation). Observation data were analyzed descriptively and t test to determine differences in M5 generation of Mentik Wangi rice from 200 gray gamma ray irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). Based on the research results that Mentik Wangi rice plants with gamma ray irradiation 200 Gray have better performance compared to control plants (without irradiation) and there are 28 individuals M5 Mentik Wangi rice mutants selected by short-stemmed plants and have high productivity.

Orchid is an ornamental plant commodity that has potential to be developed. One species of orchid that is in demand is Dendrobium odoardi. The aims of this research is to determine the characteristics and morphological diversity of Dendrobium odoardi orchid irradiated gamma ray results and without gamma ray irradiation. This research was conducted in two places, the implementation of gamma ray irradiation at the PATIR-BATAN Laboratory and subculture in Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, UNS. The research was conducted start from March 2019 – January 2020. The research used a simple design of one factor, the doses of gamma ray irradiation with 5 levels, 0 Gy (control), 10 Gy, 15 Gy, 20 Gy, and 25 Gy. Each level of treatment was planted and observed 50 plantlets. Observational data were analyzed descriptively by comparing observational data from Dendrobium odoardi orchids irradiated with control plants. The results showed that the induction of gamma ray irradiation resulted changes in morphological characters in Dendrobium odoardi orchid such as, increasing plant height, increasing leaf width, decreasing number of roots, decreasing root length, change in leaf shape and change in leaf color. Changes in the morphological character of Dendrobium odoardi orchids produce plant diversity.

This study aims to assess the diversity and degree of grouping of several types of orchids in Indonesia. Laboratory work was carried out at the Laboratory of the Center for Horticulture and Tropical Studies IPB by analyzing the variability of orchids using RAPD. Plant material is taken from the orchid collection at the Bogor Botanical Gardens. The relationship between 9 orchids was analyzed using binary phenotype data and DNA band patterns as assessed by amplification of 2 random RAPD primers. The cluster analysis was carried out under the NTSYSpc version 2.02 program and the UPGMA SimQual function. The results showed genetic diversity of the genus Phaius and Dendrobium. Based on primers OPA7 and OPA9 with a similarity coefficient of 0.4 divided into 4 groups. Group I consisted of Phaius tankervilliae, Phaius montanus and Phaius callosus. Group II consisted of Dendrobium mirbelianum, Dendrobium lamellatum, Dendrobium liniale and Dendrobium biggibum. Group III consists of Dendrobium anosmum. Group IV consisted of Phaius ambionensis. The conclusion of this study is that there are 4 groups from the genus Phaius and Dendrobium based on the genetic marker RAPD.

Predicting cattle's body weight is a common practice considering various reasons. This paper revisits four classical formulas commonly found in papers published by Indonesian researchers in predicting cattle's body weight based on their body measurements namely Schoorl, Winter, Smith and Lambourne models. Data on body weight (BW) and body measurements (Chest Girth=CG and Body Length=BL) of 118 male and 106 female Bali cattle (2-3 yo) were collected from Bali cattle Breeding Center. The estimates from the prediction formulas were compared to the actual body weight. We run 10-folds cross validation procedure to obtain the predictive ability parameters. The mean BW, CG and BL for male cattle were 199.19±51.51 Kg; 144.55±13.43 cm and 107.86±9.30 cm; whereas for females were 161.34±34.35 Kg; 134.25±10.26 cm and 101.48±3.60 cm respectively. All four formulas have the accuracy between 84.90 to maximum of 89.68% in both male and female cattle groups. RMSE were considerably high in both male group (17.64 – 45.31) and female group (11.52 – 26.61). Although the correlations between actual and predicted BW are high, further study need to be done to determine whether the utilization of these predicted values as a response variable will introduce enough bias to affect the results of a research.

Iler (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.) is an ornamental plant and also used as medicinal plant. The plant is one of medicinal plant for anti hemorrhoids Jamu Saintifik herbal formula in B2P2TOOT Indonesian Ministry of Health. This will lead to commercialization opportunities in herbal drug industry that recently has become increasingly popular. With the emergence of substitution and adulteration of herbal drug and the lack of information on coleus genetic diversity which may result in misidentification, this research was conducted to determine Iler genetic characteristics using RAPD markers. The genomic DNA was extracted from 15 accessions of iler and 3 accessions from genus Plectranthus as an outgroup. Six selected RAPD primers were used in amplification. Dice similarity index was used to calculate similarity index followed by cluster analysis and dendrogram contruction using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The results showed 52 DNA fragments were produce within the size range 293-2,667 bp and polymorphism level among accessions at 94.23%. Cluster results results in genetic diversity ranging from 40.45-97.87% and a dendogram that shows clustering trend of Iler accessions based on the similarity of morphological characters such as leaf shape and color.

ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) climate anomaly has become more frequent and stronger because of global warming and climate change. ENSO arguably plays a critical role in tropical countries such as Indonesia, primarily due to its intrinsic linkage with agricultural production and prices. This study examines one such relationship between ENSO and the price volatility of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), one of the most produced and consumed vegetable oils in the world. By applying time-series data from 2006 to 2018 and Ocean Nino Index (ONI) which serves as a proxy for the ENSO variable, this research used Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) methods to find out the CPO price volatility and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to investigate the impact of ENSO on the CPO price volatility. The results showed that the price volatility of CPO in Indonesia is low and will be persistent in the long term. ENSO affects the volatility of CPO prices in the long run, but there is no effect in the short run. The result is important for the stakeholders and government in preventing the risk and uncertainty condition of CPO price fluctuation caused by the climate anomaly.

Diseases that often attack rice plants are bacterial leaf blight, this disease can reduce rice production by up to 60%. Control of bacterial leaf blight in addition to using chemicals can also use biological agents, one of which is Paenibacillus polymyxa. Testing of biological control applications begins with inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria on ciherang rice seeds 9 days after planting (DAP). Planting rice using Randomized Block Design using biological control Paenibacillus polymyxa consists of four treatments, Control (P0), 2,5 ml l^-1 (P1), 5 ml l^-1 (P2), and 7,5 ml l^-1 (P3). The biological control application is carried out on seeds, 10 DAP, 2 week after planting (WAP), and 4 WAP. Observations were made once a week to observe the rice growth and intensity of the disease. Observations were made in the vegetative phase. The results of the Paenibacillus polymyxa biological control test can reduce the level of bacterial leaf blight attack even though the difference in each treatment is not significantly different. The recommended concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa biological control is 7,5 ml l^-1. This concentration can reduce the level of bacterial leaf blight attack in the vegetative phase.

Palm oil smallholder who managed more than 40% of palm oil area in Indonesia are expected to comply with the mandatory regulation of sustainable palm oil (ISPO). However, basically there are two types of smallholder whose condition need to be considered to develop the most suitable certification scheme. This paper aimed to (1) see the difference in socio-economic characteristics between independent and managed smallholders, (2) identify the behavioral factors of independent and managed smallholder as well as (3) analyze the compliance of smallholder towards ISPO indicators. The data of smallholders of Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatera were collected in terms of socio-economic characteristics, behavioral factors, and compliance towards ISPO. The results of the study showed that socio-economic characteristics of independent and managed smallholder are significantly different in term of ages, education, family member, experiences, farm sizes, and on farm income. Besides, there is a wide gap between the behavioral factors of managed and independent smallholder towards ISPO indicators. It is implied by the attitude, social norm, ability to perform, and intention to comply with the sustainable scheme. However, in average, smallholders considered to have bad compliance towards the indicators of ISPO.

Wonogiri Regency is a cashew crop center in Central Java. Cashew is planting in dryland at an elevation of 100 to 400 m above sea level with a monoculture and multicultural pattern. Cashew plants are cultivated as people plantations, planted regularly on each plot or as a fence on the ownership limits of dry land, plots, and mounds. Cashew plants are evergreen, have a tight canopy with sympodial branching patterns, flowering all the time so they can cover the surface of the soil. Such plant patterns provide acceptance for households and protect the environment. Research to reveal the contribution of household income, land cover rates, and carbon stocks has been carried out by survey methods. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing the head of the household and the measurement of cashew land. The results showed that the B / C ratio > 1 and increased with the age of the plant, it contributed to the acceptance of household income. Canopy cover and carbon stock increase every year so that it is beneficial to maintain soil fertility.

This ethnomedicinal study aimed to reveal the medicinal plant utilization as traditional medicine for preventing as well as treating hypercholesterolemia by traditional healers in Java Island including Banten, Yogyakarta, DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java and Central Java Province of Indonesia. Data was collected based on purposive random sampling among five selected traditional healers in each ethnic in 2015. The results exhibited as of 38 medicinal plant species distributed in 24 families showed to have a pharmacological effect on treating hypercholesterolemia whereas Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. and Zingiberaceae were identified as the most prominent medicinal plant and family used by traditional healers. The most frequent plant part used was leaves (34.5%) followed by rhizomes (17.3%), fruits (12.7%), and others. Most medicinal plants were gained from house yard (37.6%) with planting efforts as of 45.9%. The most prescribed method by traditional healers was by drinking the formula (97.2%) as many as two times a day (59.63%). The study clearly demonstrated whether traditional healers had a pivotal role in overcoming ailments and disease especially hypercholesterolemia in Java Island.

Increased soil heavy metal concentrations are suggested to cause roots to work harder. This research was to study the growth and phytoextraction behaviors of elephant grass in soil amended with industrial waste. Soil samples were obtained from an experimental field treated with a heavy metal containing waste at 0, 15 and 60 Mg ha^-1, CaCO₃ at 0 and 5 Mg ha^-1, and compost at 0 and 5 Mg ha^-1. Soil samples were planted with elephant grass, 8 weeks after which the soil samples were analyzed for Cu and Zn. Plant roots and shoots were harvested and weighed for their dry-masses and analyzed for Cu and Zn. The results demonstrate that the Root/Shoot increased and show good correlations with the increase in soil Cu or Zn. The plant Cu or Zn increased with the increase in soil Cu or Zn but decreased with liming. Plant Cu and Zn in roots and the whole plants as well as their TFs were well correlated with soil Cu and Zn. These observations confirm that the root/shoot growth and Cu and Zn absorption by elephant grass are governed by soil Cu and Zn and elephant grass is a Cu and Zn phytoextractor.

Growing Artemisia annua in tropical areas cause a short vegetative period and resulted in low content of artemisinin. To increase the artemisinin content of A. annua in the tropical area could be carried out by administering of Nitrogen fertilizer. In order to increase production and extension of grow areas, the selection of superior accession which adaptable in low areas is also needed. The study was carried out using an experimental method by applying 3 levels dosage of Nitrogen fertilization (0,100, 200 and 300 kg/Ha) to 3 A. annua accessions (V1, V2 and V3). The research was conducted at April-August 2018 at Karangpandan research station with an elevation of 600 m asl. The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, fresh biomass weight, dry biomass weight, artemisinin content and essential oil content. The results showed that the growth and productivity of 3 accession of A. annua is strongly influenced by the Nitrogen dosage. The lower dosage of Nitrogen decline growth and productivity, and plant entry into the generative phase later for the highest dosage of Nitrogen. The Nitrogen application didn't effect on the artemisinin as well as the volatile oil content of A. annua.

Banana plants are well-known to contain diverse phytochemical compound. This study aimed to identify the antibacterial effects of Kepok Banana bunches (Musa paradisiaca L.) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. A laboratory analysis was carried out to determine the zone of bacterial inhibition. The experiment used completely randomized design with 3 treatments (50 μL, 70 μL Kepok Banana bunches extract and 50 μL Chloramphenicol as a positive control), each treatment replicated three times. The study was performed used wells agar diffusion. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that Kepok Banana bunches had potency as antibacterial agent. Treatments showed different (P<0.05) results in bacterial inhibition zones. Chloramphenicol produces the highest inhibitory zone (34.78 mm), while the difference in the concentration of banana bunches produces the same inhibitory zone (50 μL: 11.52 mm; 70 μL: 15.52). It is concluded that Kepok Banana bunches has potency to use as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus.

White oyster mushroom media must add additional nutrients as stimulants for mushroom growth like bran, but bran is cattle feed so its availability is limited. Sludge biogas of cattle and expired milk powder waste is the result of livestock waste which is still rich in nutrients which are important substances. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the composition of the biogas sludge media and expired milk powder waste on mushroom productivity. This study was designed with four treatments and three repetitions which difference in the ratio of the concentration of cattle biogas sludge and expired milk powder with a ratio of P0 (0g: 0g), P1 (100g: 100g), P2 (50g: 150g) P3: (150g: 50g). Data taken include mushroom growth measurement The data was processed using analysis of Variance-Completely Randomized Design Unidirectional and the average difference was tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The best result is P2 treatment, fresh weight, a diameter of caps, stem length, and harvest time obtained the results are 124.15 gram, 10.57 cm, 5.98 cm, and 46.00 days. In this study, the greater the proportion of expired milk powder waste that was given increasingly increased the growth of white oyster mushrooms.

The purpose of the research was to analyze the effect of mangrove forest management on the economic development of the coastal community on Madura Island. This paper outlines the management of mangrove forests for economic development on Madura Island. The research method used quantitative and qualitative descriptive-analytic used quantitative data. Data collected by interview, observation, and literature study. Respondents in this study came from four districts in Madura, namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep, which consisted of water management communities, Related Offices, Environmentalists, Academics, NGOs / Institutions, and CSR totaling 170 respondents. Data analysis tool was done by SEM Warp Partial Least Square method. The results show that mangrove forest management has a significant positive effect on economic development. Improving economic development, in this case, was increasing income, new employment opportunities, and mangrove sustainability.

Applying the multivariate cointegration tests with daily prices during the period August 15, 2019, to August 11, 2020 (250 data), this paper examines whether prices in the rice deficit market (Jakarta) are co-integrated with prices in surplus markets (Semarang and Surabaya). Research data is the average daily price in traditional markets in Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya. The main focus is on the effect of implementing various programs and policies relating to controlling the spread of COVID-19 to the integration of the rice market in Java. On March 02, 2020, the first two COVID-19 cases in Indonesia were confirmed as a dummy variable that we use regarding controlling borders between regions and restricting the movement of goods. The cointegration tests find that the domestic rice prices of Jakarta - Semarang and Jakarta - Surabaya are integrated both in short-run and long-run periods. In the short term, programs and policies relating to controlling the spread of COVID-19 do not affect the integration of Java's rice market. One reason is that during the pandemic, the rice supply chain's performance was still protected by the government to maintain the stability of rice supply for the citizens.

Chili production decreases continuously in Central Java today. Similarly, chili's selling price is fluctuating. Farmers as one of chili agribusiness development actors have a very large potency to develop, so that a study should be conducted on farmers' behavior in developing chili agribusiness development as the foundation to conduct empowerment. This research aimed to describe a) chili farmers' characteristics, and (b) empowerment program conducted, and (c) to analyze factors affecting farmers' skill of developing chili agribusiness in Central Java. Techniques of collecting data used were interview and field observation. The data was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively with multiple regression. The result of research showed that the farmers are 49.7 years old on average, graduated from Senior High School, 46.6% of which have not attended yet non-formal education such as extension and training program related to chili agribusiness, and have less than 0.5 ha-wide area, 13.06 years' experience with chili cultivation, 53.3% of which are less skillful in developing chili agribusiness. The conclusion indicated that non-formal education and year of experience with farming affected chili farmers' behavior and skill positively and significantly, while age, formal education, and land width did not affect chili farmers' skill significantly in chili agribusiness development.

As the most giant Crude Palm Oil (CPO) producer, Indonesia faces environmental issues. In 2004, the adoption of Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) aimed at reducing the negative effect created by the palm oil industries. This study examined the impact of RSPO certification in the Indonesian palm oil industries on the amount of CO₂ as one component of GHG emissions. This study used time series data from 1981 to 2016, collected from the World Bank, the Tree Crop Estate Statistics of Indonesia, and UnComtrade. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), with the amount of CO₂ emissions in Indonesia as the dependent variables, was run against the area used to produce CPO, the amount of CPO produced by Indonesia, the CPO price of Indonesia, and the dummy variable that is RSPO certification. The results show that the model has both short and long-term equilibrium relationships. While the RSPO certification as a dummy variable is not associated with the amount of CO₂ emissions in Indonesia.

Gamma irradiation is the widely used mutagen in assembling plant genetic diversity. The important thing to do is looking for the most appropriate dose that gives rise of diversity without turning off irradiated plants. This study aims to determine the initial growth response of Kipas Putih soybean seeds due to gamma ray irradiation treatment. Kipas Putih soybean seeds measure their water content up to 11%. Furthermore, gamma ray irradiation was carried out at doses 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 Gray. The results showed that there was decrease pe rcentage of germination in Kipas Putih soybean seeds at 200 Gray reaching 50% at 14^th day after planting. Irradiation doses of 400 Gray and 600 Gray reduce percentage of germination until 20% and 30%, respectively. While at doses of 800 Gray and 1000 Gray, all seeds died at 21^st day after planting. Giving gamma ray irradiation also showed a decrease in seedling height along with increasing irradiation dose.

Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.) is one of legume trees that useful as forage and have advantages in production and quality of forage compared to other types of legumes. This forage contains high protein and mineral sources, good fiber structure and high digestibility value. Nutrient contents are crude protein (31%) with 76% of DMD and 83% of OMD. Indigofera has low germination due to thick seed coat and fungal invasion during germination. Propagation by in vitro culture promise to multiply superior seeds from Indigofera. The aim for this research was to determine the effect of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin for multiply of shoots of Indigofera. The research was designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors (BAP and Kinetin concentration) and repeated 3 times. BAP concentration consists of four levels, 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mg/L and Kinetin concentration consists of four levels 0, 1.0, 2 and 3 mg/L. Results showed that BAP gave the best results for number of shoots parameter at any concentration. Compact callus appears in basal of shoots at BAP (1.5 mg/L and 2 mg/L) media. Whereas media with Kinetin showed no significant effect on all parameters and there was no interaction between BAP and Kinetin.

The purpose of this paper is to analyses the relationship between the underlying factors of product and market attributes and socio-demographic profiles of consumers. The aim of the analysis is to assess whether consumer responses vary across product and market attributes. Simple statistical analysis such as descriptive statistical analysis, frequency distribution, cross tabulation, analysis of variance, and factor analysis to assess the consumers' preferences for livestock products food and market attributes were carried out. Results of this study indicate that indicate that the socio-demographic profile of consumers (gender, age, education and income) significantly influences the purchase decisions. A higher income gender and educational level of consumers influences their decisions on product and market attributes while age seems to have no significant impact. Consumers express significantly different views on various product attributes. Packaging and convenience are important for approximately 60 per cent respondents. Various market attributes clearly indicate that consumers prefer a convenient marketplace with additional service facilities. Development of marketing strategy regarding the products that can be offered at a marketplace based on consumer preferences and behavior.

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has affected environment, since gold processing released mercury into the environment. Contaminated water was used as drinking water and affected human body. Kidney is one of affected organ by mercury, where children population is vulnerable for poisioned. The objective of this research was to find out mercury pollution in drinking water and its effect on renal function of children in ASGM area Sekotong in West Lombok. This preliminary study design was cross sectional. Sample of drinking water collected from various sources in Taman Sari and Telaga Lebur village. Mercury was assessed by using AAS. Renal function was evaluated from urine sample by using dipstick kit to perform proteinuria. Correlation between contaminated water consumption and renal function was statistically analyzed by Spearman's test. Mercury level found in water samples taken from well was 4.009 ppb, while from wellspring was 0.724 ppb and 0 ppb from pipe. From 15s samples, 12s samples higher than mercury threshold for drinking water. Two of 30s school age children had positive proteinuria. Spearman's test showed P-value of 0.000. It concluded that drinking water in ASGM Sekotong West Lombok has been contaminated by mercury and affected kidney function of school-age children.

The diversity of plant in some land uses at East Luwu Regency has potential to absorb and store carbon, which varies due to the plant different constituent. The differences of carbon stored of each land cover need to calculate in order to find the amount of carbon stock available. This study aims to estimate carbon stocks in the land cover of secondary forest, agroforestry, oil palm plantation and rice fields. The research use sample plot size 20 × 50 that taken 9 times for each land cover. Biomass data was collected using non-destructive sampling, since for undergrowth and necromass using destructive sampling by cutting and taking all the undergrowth and litter that are in a 1 × 1 meter quadrant. There are two kinds of soil sampling that collected; disturbed soil and intact soil. The results showed that the highest estimated carbon stock is secondary forest with carbon stock value of 265.86 tons / ha, as for agroforestry the carbon stock value of 131.31 tons / ha, while oil palm with a carbon stock value of 100.89 tons / ha and the lowest is paddy fields with carbon stock value of 70.50 tons / ha.

COVID-19 encouraged the efforts to find its prevention and treatment. Indonesia possesses myriads of plant diversity, many of which have anti-microbial effects. Singawalang plant (Petiveria aleaceae) has been used as an alternative treatment for tuberculosis, malaria, and other diseases in Indonesia and other countries. Active ingredients of Singalawang are flavonoids and various types of amino acids found in the leaves and roots. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of dolomite, zeolite, and NPK fertilizers in increasing nutrient absorption and Singawalang growth in entisol soils. P. alleaceae were planted in polybags using entisol soils medium by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Zeolite, dolomite (2.5 tons/ha), and NPK Fertilizer (15:15:15) at a dose of 0; 1.5; 3; 4.5 g/plant were applied. The results showed that the amendment application had a significant effect on the number of leaves but did not significantly affect other growth parameters and nutrient absorption of NPK. In general, zeolites can increase the growth and absorption of nutrients higher than dolomite.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of catfish oil (CFO) supplementation on gas production kinetics, dry matter (IVDMD), and organic matter digestibility in vitro (IVOMD) with Bali cow rumen fluid. The design of this study was a completely randomized design with 5 treatment consist of T0 (control diet: Pennisetum purpupoides (60): wheat pollard (30): soybean meal (10)), T1 (T0 + 2% DM CFO), T2 (T0 + 4% DM CFO), T3 (T0 + 6% DM CFO), T4 (T0 + 8% DM CFO) and 3 replication. Gas production technique described by Menke and Steingass was used in this study with 48 hours of incubation time. Gas production kinetics was analyzed by Fit Curve application. The result showed that CFO supplementation did not change the value of gas production, a fraction value, b fraction value, gas production rate (c value), IVDMD, and IVOMD, but the increasing supplementation at the level of 8% decreased (P<0.05) gas production, b value, IVDMD, and IVOMD. It could be concluded that catfish oil supplementation as unsaturated fatty acid source at the level of 6% DM in the Bali cow diet did not give a negative effect on rumen substrates degradation.

Agricultural equipment and machinery have become the main farmer's need as technically it can accelerate and improve the quality of soil cultivation, water supply, increase the cropping index, reduce lost yields and preserve the environmental functions. Economically, it can increase the added values through product processing, productivity, and resource efficiency. Institutional service business of agricultural equipment and machinery (UPJA) needs to develop to facilitate farmers' access to the use of affordable agricultural equipment and machinery in order to increase the sustainable food production. The sustainability of the service business is influenced by many aspects including economic aspects. This study aimed to analyze financial feasibility of UPJA in Parit Keladi village, Sungai Kakap subdistrict, Kubu Raya Regency. Analysis of R/C ratio and B/C ratio was applied. Based on R/C ratio of feasibility analysis, all kinds of agricultural equipment and machinery including transplanter, water pump, rice thresher, mini combine harvester, and hand tractor provided by the service business were feasible, shown by R/C ratio> 1.52 and B/C ratio >0.52. Whereas, The R/C value of water pump of 2.5; hand tractor 2.0; 1.81 transplant machine and 1.67 mini combaine and 1.31 power thresher machine, respectively.

Palm oil cake (BS) and Solid ex decanter (SD) are feed ingredients produced from palm oil processing which is available in large quantities. BS and SD have high protein content could be used as ruminant feed but have high fat content could be decreased rumen metabolism. Therefore. solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology is one way to overcome this problem. This study aims to improve the nutritional quality and digestibility of mixed feed palm oil cake and solid ex decanter (BS/SD) which is fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus (RO) mushroom. Application SSF technology for different combination of mixed feed BS/SD (70/30, 50/50 and 30/70) was carried out for 6 days which was then analyzed on the quality of the proximate. fiber fractions and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) value (daisy incubator ANKOM Technology). The result showed that the mixed feed BS/SD 50/50 was the best combination with Rhizopus oligosporus inoculum with doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8%. Hence, this SSF technology was effective process for increasing protein content and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) 60% - 67.26% with combination BS/SD 50/50 and RO inoculum with doses 0.2 and 0.4 percent.

Ngawi Regency, part of East Java province in Indonesia, has started to initiate the development of organic tourism based on the organic agriculture potential. This study aimed to explore agricultural resources and land suitability that can be developed as community-based organic tourism attractions and identification of supporting factors and inhibiting factors the development of community-based organic tourism attractions. There were several stages in this study consisting of study field observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion to collect information. In this study data were analyzed by spatial analysis techniques to explore the agricultural resources and land suitability. As the result, we found the needs and roles of community in developing agro-tourism areas. The development of agrotourism areas requires community participation in various sectors. Economic point of view plays an important role in management of agro-tourism areas, as without economic benefits there is no motivation to contribute to community and businesses of agro-tourism. Since the agro-tourism has effects to environment, both natural and cultural, therefore taking advantage of agricultural resources need to be carefully considered in developing a community-based organic tourism attractions. In addition, the environmental elements must be preserved for sustainable benefit and function.

The use of agrochemicals that exceed doses and over-exploitation of land for an agricultural commodity contributes to increasing cadmium concentration. Sorghum is a multifunctional crop that can be potential as a heavy metal remediation plant. The study aimed to obtain potential sorghum varieties for phytoremediation of cadmium by assessing the growth and capacity of sorghum biomass in Cd contaminated paddy fields. The study was arranged in a complete randomized factor group with four replications. Six sorghum varieties tested were: Super 1, Samurai, Suri 3, Numbu, Kawali, and Hitam. These varieties were planted with cadmium contaminated rice fields. In general, sorghum varieties can grow in cadmium contaminated rice fields. Three of the six varieties tested namely Super 1, Samurai, and Kawali have advantages in growth such as plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, plant growth rate, and net assimilation rate. Big biomass performance is also approved by these three varieties. The results in this study will be described and used as a reference to complement the ability of this variety in the absorption and accumulation ability.

Peanut cultivation in peatlands has major obstacles in terms of controlling plant diseases. This research aimed to identify and characterize bacteria which have the potential as biological control agents against S. rolfsii in the peatlands of Kuala Pesisir Nagan Raya. This research was conducted in the Kuala Pesisir sub-district, Nagan Raya District, Aceh, Indonesia. The research activities include isolation, morphological identification, pathogenicity testing, antagonistic testing, and molecular identification. After the first screening, 25 bacterial isolates were to be observed further. At the root of the peanut plants the colonies were mostly bacillus, some of them were coccus. In gram staining, there were many gram-negative isolates compared to gram positive. Non-pathogenic bacterial isolates have good growth potential (85% - 100%), except for B3 bacterial isolates (74%). The peanut seeds in non-pathogenic bacteria that have good germination were in the range of 80% - 96% of the germination capacity. Peatland bacteria that interact with type D have the potential to act as antagonistic agents against S. rolfsii. There are bacteria which were promising to act as an antagonistic agent against Sclerotium rolfsii in the research area. Based on morphological and DNA characteristics, the bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp.

Plant spacing affects the number of plants, the process of receiving sunlight, water and nutrients which also affect the process of photosynthesis and assimilation between plants. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of different plant spacing and to evaluate plant spacing that could increase the growth and yield of hybrid corn. This research was conducted in UNS experimental field Jumantono, Karanganyar from June-November 2019. Design utilization was experimental method with Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) of 1 factor, consist of 4 levels, the treatment was 60 cm × 30 cm (J1); 60 cm × 40 cm (J2); 60 cm × 50 cm (J3); and 60 cm × 60 cm (J4). There was replicated 6 times. The result showed that plant spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm has increase on cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, number of cobs per plant and grain yield per plant compared with plant spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm. The plant spacing treatment of 60 cm × 60 cm can improve quality of yield per crop but have not been able to increase the quantity of hybrid corn yield.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of plant spacing on growth and yield of local garlic (Allium sativum sativum) variety named Sangga Sembalun from Sembalun Higland of West Lombok District, Indonesia, from June 2018 to March 2019. The on-farm experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) for three plant spacing treatments; 12 cm × 12 cm (T1), 12 cm × 10 cm (T2), and 10 cm × 10 cm (T3) with nine replications in 10 m² plot size for each. The results showed that there was no significant difference on effect of spacing on plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content, bulb weight, bulb size (length and diameter), cloves number, and cloves weight. However, plot yield of T3 (4.84 kg m^-2) was higher than T2 (3.71 kg m^-2) and T1 (3.77 kg m^-2) due to significant increase in population which was, in average, 153, 107, and 90 plant per m² for T3, T2, and T1 respectively. Moreover, weight lost from fresh to dry yield was lower in T3 (55.32%) than T1 (58.13%). Weight lost in T3 was consistently the lowest at 4.35% after six months storage to produce seed bulb.

Kale (Ipomea reptans Poir) has high nutrition such as vitamin A, B and C as well as various minerals especially iron. Quality of animal feed must be clean from diseases and heavy metal contamination such as Arsenic. Arsenic in the soil can be reduced naturally using phytoremediator plants, one of which is Pteris vittata. The experiment was conducted at the Antirogo Green House, Sumbersari Distric, Jember Regency. Arsenic metal analysis was conducted in BARISTAND, Surabaya and BALITTANAH, Bogor on June 2019 to January 2020. The experimental design used Factorial Complete Random Design consist of 2 factors. The first factor consists of 4 levels of heavy metal arsenic treatment on the fern plant growth media, namely was 0 ppm (D1), 5 ppm (D2), 10 ppm (D3) and 15 ppm (D4). The second factor consists of 2 levels of treatment time of fern: 1 month (P1) and 2 weeks (P2). Each of treatment repeated 4 times. The results showed that the interaction between planting time of fern and arsenic dosage showed no significant effect. The absorption power of ferns reaches 0.27 ppm to 4.589 ppm higher compared to the scale absorptions reaching 0,006 ppm to 0.155 ppm.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is the rotation crop that dominantly grown after rice during dry season in most lowland paddy field of Eastern Indonesia. This on-farm experiment aimed to improve dry season soybean production by spraying liquid fertilizer containing silicon. Burangrang soybean variety grown from August to October 2018 at Tenandon of Penujak Village, Praya Barat sub-district of Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Five treatments were arranged on randomized block design with five replications on 100 m² plot size. The treatments were application of silicon-based liquid fertilizer named T1 (O**n or ON), T2 (Bio**x or BX), T3 (BioS****a or BS), T4 (BioU**n or BU) that compare to T0 (control) which was without any foliar spray. Land preparation, planting, irrigation, and harvest were guided using integrated soybean management handbook. Yield and yield component data was collected at harvest. The result showed that application of liquid fertilizer was significantly increase total dry matter weight, including percentage dry matter accumulation on leaf, pods weight, and percentage of filled pods. Soybean productivity was improved about 102.06% (T3), 95.88% (T4), 61.86% (T1), dan 47.42% (T2) when compared to T0 at 0.9 t/ha.

Increasing soybean yields needs to be done with innovation in cultivation techniques, one of which is by applying the right planting time. This study aims to obtain planting time that can increase the growth and yield of soybeans in a system without tillage. The study was conducted from June to September 2019 on the former rice field land. This research was conducted using a Randomized Completed Block Design 1 factor with 5 treatments (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after rice harvest) and repeated 5 times. Data from observations were analyzed using analysis of variance based on the 5% F test followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test of 5% and a correlation test was performed to determine the relationship between soybean planting time difference and the yield. The results showed that the difference 2 days after harvest was able to increase the growth variables, namely plant height, leaf area, number of branches and increase the yield variable, namely the number of pods, seed weight per plant, seed weight per plot. Besides increasing soybean yield to 1.41 tons / ha compared to a longer gap.

Infertile egg powder (IEP) is a potential feedstuff with high nutrient content. This experiment investigated the effect of IEP utilization in the ration on digestive tract development of broiler chickens. In total, 196 one-day-old male broilers were distributed into four dietary treatments with 7 replicates of 7 birds each. The treatments comprised a basal diet (T0), 96% basal diet + 4% IEP (T1), 94% basal diet + 6% IEP (T2), and 92% basal diet + 8% IEP (T3). The weight and length of the digestive tract were measured at the end of feeding trial to observe their development. Analysis of variance was applied to analyze the effect of treatments, while Duncan's Multiple Range Test was applied to compare the mean of each treatment. The results indicated that feeding with IEP (T1, T2, and T3 groups) generated the longer duodenum, jejunum, ileum and whole small intestine compared with feeding without IEP (T0, P<0.05), with the highest magnitude was observed for T3. Accordingly, IEP improved the weight of small intestine (P<0.05). In line with this, the IEP groups had heavier gizzard and liver than non-IEP groups. It can be concluded that IEP improves the development of digestive tract of broiler chickens.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a strategic commodity because its high productivity and diverse uses. This study aims to obtain a dose of phosphate fertilizer which increases growth and yield of hybrid maize. The research was conducted on the acid dry land, Faculty of Agriculture, UNS, Jumantono in June-September 2019. The research method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Completed Block Design one factor with four dose and was repeated six times. The dose is 0; 100; 150; 200 kg. ha⁻¹ P fertilizer. The observed variables namely plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area index, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, weight of cobs with husks, weight of cobs without husks, average of cobs per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per hectar, and weight of 100 seeds. Application of 150 kg.ha⁻¹ of phosphate fertilizer SP-36 increases growth variable on the leaf area index (LAI). The application of 150 kg.ha⁻¹of phosphate fertilizer SP-36 increases yield variable on the weight of 100 seeds. But seen from the average dose of 100 kg.ha⁻¹ has a higher yield than the control because it increases yield per hectare (5.91%) to 2.15 tons.ha^-1.

Intermittent irrigation is a method carried out for irrigation efficiency in rice farming. This study aims to discover the effect of local rice varieties and types of irrigation and their interaction on rice microclimate factors. The study was conducted with an experimental method of factorial 3 × 4 strip plot design with a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Type of irrigation consisted of 3 levels: conventional irrigation, irrigation ten days inundated five days dry, and irrigation seven days inundated three days dry. Rice varieties comprised four groups: Rojolele, Pandan Wangi, Mentik Wangi, and Ciherang. The results showed that the Pandan Wangi rice variety with seven days of inundation in 3 dry days had higher temperatures above the canopy. During the initial vegetative, irrigation ten days inundated five days dry and seven days inundated three days dry had higher soil temperatures above the surface than conventional irrigation. When flowering, irrigation seven days inundated three days dry has a soil temperature-depth of 15 cm higher than conventional irrigation and irrigation ten days inundated five days dry. The microclimate condition was expected to be useful concerning plant physiology, pests, diseases, and rice weeds and their control.

PO-Kebumen cattle was one of local genetic resources that famous with good body performance and high growth rate. The aim of this research was to detect growth hormone (GHR, GH and Pit-1) polymorphism and its association with body weight performance of PO-Kebumen cattle. The sample used in this research was 69 heads PO-Kebumen cattle belongs to the farmers of PO-Kebumen Cattle Farmer Association (ASPOKEB). This research observed the growth of PO Kebumen cattle, birth weight, weaning weight and the weight at one year. The parameters observed were birth weight, weaning weight and the weight at one year. The DNA extraction was carried out using blood samples. After DNA extraction, PCR-RFLP method was used to observe the genotype of three growth gene (GH, GHR and Pit1). The results showed that the GH and GHR genes were polymorphic, meanwhile Pit1 gene was monomorphic. The analysis showed that the three growth genes were not significantly associated to body weight (birth weight, weaning weight and the weight at one year) on PO-Kebumen cattle.

This study aimed to predict the egg production of quails supplemented with a combination of betaine and silica+. Three hundred and fifty laying quails were divided into two dietary treatments and seven replicates of 25 quails. The treatments consisted of control (T0), and supplementation with digestibility enhancer mixture consisted of 0.12% betaine and 200 ppm silica+ (T1). Egg production data were collected for three periods of 28 days, and they were subjected to T-test. The data were plotted to obtain the egg production curve. A logistic regression model was employed to identify the trend of the egg production pattern. The T1 groups produced more eggs than T0 groups (P<0.05), which attributed to the higher egg production during period II and III (P<0.01). The egg production curves indicated that production rose sharply soon after the beginning of lay. The T1 groups had a higher peak production than T0 (76.43% vs 69.20%). Furthermore, production rate was 0.17 and 0.18 and prediction accuracy was 97% and 98% for T0 and T1, respectively. Thus, the logistic model proved to be employed to analyse the biological impact of egg production in quails with a high prediction accuracy.

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a weed that can be used as a source of natural antioxidants. One of the ingredients in purslane is ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One of the preventive measures related to infections caused by the coronavirus is taking vitamin C to support the body's immunity, which is proven to have a positive effect on the body's immunity. Vitamin C can prevent susceptibility to reduce respiratory infections in certain conditions. The objective of this study was to get purslane plants (Portulaca oleracea L.) as a source of quality bioactive components of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) from various altitudes in East Java, Indonesia. The study conducted by taking purslane planting material in the lowlands 3 m above sea level (Rungkut, Surabaya); medium plains 593 m above sea level (DAU, Malang), and highlands 945 m above sea level (Bumi Aji, Batu Malang). Vitamin C analysis was carried out using LCMS (Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). The results of this study were the analysis of the content of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L). ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) from three altitudes was at highlands 9.24 mg/kg, medium plains 2.40 mg/kg, and lowlands 9.73 mg/kg.

The research was conducted in Naga Sari village, Muaro Jambi regency, from February 2020 to June 2020. The design applied was a group-randomized design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was the California variety (V₁) and ruby rise red variety (V₂). The second factor was chicken manure distribution: without fertilizer distribution (P₀), 50 g of (P₁), 100 of (P₂), 150 of (P₃), and 200 of (P₄). The result of this research showed that the distribution of 150 g has a real impact on the plant's height and stem diameter, and the number of fruits on 5 Months After Cultivating to 6 Months After Cultivating. Variety treatment doesn't have a real impact on the papaya observation parameter. The interaction among the varieties with a dose of chicken manure has a real impact on plant height, stem diameter, and a number of the leaf. Qualitative data from papaya varieties showed fruit color and taste experiment gets the real impact. The impact of papaya plants and chicken manure showed a good growth tendency on palm oil cultivated with ruby rise red papaya as the side plant. The organoleptic test shows that the variety of Ruby papaya is preferred.

This research was conducted with the aim of 1) knowing the income distribution or income gap among cassava farmers, 2) looking for solutions to increase cultural values in preventing environmental damage related to the management of cassava agribusiness in the Bengawan Solo Wonogiri watershed, which indicates environmental damage in land degradation and erosion which leads to silting of the Wonogiri Reservoir. This research used a survey approach with cross-sectional data, with a questionnaire research instrument. Data were analyzed with income analysis and income distribution analysis by looking for the Gini Index value and depicted by the Lorentz curve. The results showed that the level of income gap was quite high with the Gini Index number reaching 0.40 in the management of cassava agribusiness. It is recommended to strengthen cultural values through increasing the capacity of farmers' human resources in social empathy.

An alternative that can be used to reduce the impact of drought stress is the addition of micro-nutrients, one of which is Zn. Zn application on several plants has been done and showed an increase in the ability of plants to deal with drought stress. However, the application of Zn in drought tomatoes has not been well investigated. Therefore, the research aims to study the application of ZnSO₄ on root and shoot growth of drought tomatoes. The study used two factors, namely cultivar ('Tyrana F₁' and 'Permata F₁') and ZnSO₄ doses (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Zn kg^-1 soil). The treatments were arranged in factorial based randomized complete block design. Drought conditions are applied by watering through once every eight days. The results showed a different response in a total root length in both cultivars within the ZnSO₄ application. ZnSO₄ application increased root dry weight; however, there is a no different response in the shoot growth of tomato under drought stress. Root dry weight increased 36.8-62.5% on application 20-40 mg kg^-1 ZnSO₄ under drought condition.

Black rice is a popular local rice and has potential to be developed due to having benefit for health. The high crop posture, long time period for cultivating, and low productivity being limitation factors for black rice cultivation. Induced mutation using irradiation of gamma rays was expected to produce M3 mutant black rice that has better agronomic and physiological properties. The aims of this research were to examine morphophysiological characters by growth analysis and yield performance on M3 generation of local black rice varieties from Boyolali and Bantul as a result of 100 Gy gamma ray irradiation. The observational data were analysed descriptively and compared to local black rice varieties at a dose of 100 Gy with the control plants (without irradiation) through T-test analysis. The result showed morphophysiological character on M3 mutant black rice of Bantul varieties with dose 100 Gy based on growth analysis showed that the value of NAR, SLW, and CGR is high on 2–4 WAP. Bantul 0 Gy had a high increase of LAI on 2–4 WAP. Mutation that occurs on mutant M3 black rice at a dose of 100 Gy causing short plant height, but the yield components were still low.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different rates of NPK fertilization on growth and yield of carrot plants in medium latitude. The experiment was undertaken in Setiling Village, Central Lombok (at ca. 650 m amsl) and arranged according to a RCBD two factors: variety (v) and dosages of NPK fertilization (n). The first factor were four carrot varieties: Gundaling (v1), Kirana (v2), New Nantes (v3) and New Kuroda (v4), while the second factor were four dosages of NPK fertilization: 50 kg/ha (r1), 100 kg/ha (r2), 200 kg/ha (r3) and 400 kg/ha (r4). The results showed that there was no interaction between carrot varieties and rate of NPK fertilization on influencing growth and yield of carrot in medium latitude. However, growth and yield of carrot in medium latitude were significantly influenced by variety and rate of NPK fertilization, as shown by differences in the ratio of above and below ground biomass, tap-root weight, tap-root diameter and the ratio between cortex and stele. Accordingly the suitable variety for cultivation in the medium latitude was Gundaling variety (v1), with a higher growth and yield were obtained by NPK fertilization at rate of 200 kg/ha (n3).

The potential for seaweed in agriculture has not been utilized optimally. The existence of growth-stimulating activity from the seaweed-based formulation can be used as a biostimulant to increase crop productivity. The research objective was to find bio-decomposer isolates and formulas for composting seaweed. The research was conducted at the Biology Laboratory of ISRI at April-September 2018. The research was started from selection of 191 isolates to get the promising isolates as bacterial consortium (BC) inoculation. The second activity was to evaluate the effect of formulation of BC inoculation. The completely randomized design with 6 replications was applied, whereas the treatments tested were inoculation seaweed without BC, inoculation seaweed by BC1, BC2, BC3, BC4. Parameters measured were CO₂ evolution rate, organic C, CN ratio, humic acid, and Seaweed dry weight of seaweed. The results showed that the BC formula consisted of GK5.7, SW2.1, and NP2.4 isolates were the best formula for decomposing Sargassum. The BC formula consisted of NP1.2, SW2.4, and GK 6.4 isolates were the best formula for decomposing Gracillaria. Inoculating of Bacterial Consorsium to the Sargassum and Gracillaria seaweed increase the CO₂ evolution rate, humic acid content, and decrease the substrate dryweight and C/N.

Giving added-value on locally-based agricultural products such as mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf is considered as an effective way to support the sustainability of agriculture and environment. In this study, powdered mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf were added into chocolate bar formula. The purpose of this study was specifically to determine the effect of powdered mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf addition on the consumer acceptance of chocolate bar. The ingredients were added at concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%. A 7-point scale scoring method was used to perform a hedonic test with 60 panellists for colour, taste, texture, aroma and overall attributes. One-way ANOVA followed by DMRT was carried out to analyse the result statistically. The results show that the addition of mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf significantly decrease the panelists' acceptance on the chocolate bar at all parameters. As such, the chocolate control obtained an overall score of 6.2 while the chocolate formulated with mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf got a score range of 3.8–4.7, 2.1–2.9 and 4.5–4.8, respectively. The similar trends were also found at aroma and taste attributes. The decrease of panelists' acceptance depended on the type of the additional ingredient. The results obtained in this study show the importance of ingredient selection in the making of functional chocolate.

Duck meat is one of the poultry food products that is high in nutritional content. This study aimed to determine the effect of vegetable oil in the ration on the chemical quality of local duck meat. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a unidirectional pattern with 4 treatments, each treatment consisting of 6 replications and each replication consisted of 6 ducks. The treatments in this study include; P1: (96% basal ration + 4% palm oil); P2: (96% basal ration + 4% canola oil); P3: (96% basal ration + 4% coconut oil) and P4: (96% basal ration + 4% soybean oil). The observed variables were chemical quality of meat (collagen, fat, water content, and protein). The data obtained were analyzed by variance analysis and the real difference test between treatments. The results showed that the use of vegetable oil was a significant effect (P<0.05) on the duck meat protein but was not significantly different (P>0.05) on collagen, fat, and water content. It can be concluded that the addition of vegetable oil in the ration can increase the protein of local duck meat but did not affect collagen, fat, and water content.

The increasing need for meat can be done by optimizing the utilization of the potential of local livestock resources, one of which is local duck. This study aimed to determine the physical quality of duck meat with the addition of vegetable oil in the ration. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design in a unidirectional pattern with 4 treatments, each treatment consisting of 6 replications and each replication consisted of 6 ducks. The treatments in this study include; P1: (96% basal ration + 4% palm oil); P2: (96% basal ration + 4% canola oil); P3: (96% basal ration + 4% coconut oil) and P4: (96% basal ration + 4% soybean oil). The observed variables were physical quality of meat. The data obtained were analyzed by variance analysis and the real difference test between treatments. The results showed that the use of vegetable oil was a significant effect (P<0.05) on the tenderness of duck meat but not significantly different (P>0.05) on cooking losses, pH, and water holding capacity. It can be concluded that the addition of vegetable oil in the ration affects the tenderness of duck meat but did not affect the cooking losses, pH, and water holding capacity.

Sade village woven fabric is one of Lombok's superior woven fabrics. The process of producing this woven fabric is traditional by using yarn spun from cotton. The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimal strength of cotton yarn using natural dyes. Mordan stage and fixation using alum solution. The coloring stage uses teak leaves, ketapang leaves, and banten skin. All three ingredients are dissolved in water with concentrations 1:10, 1:8, and 1:5. In the mordan stage, 8 grams of alum is dissolved in 1 liter of water. While at the fixation stage, 50 grams of alum is dissolved in 1 liter of water. Teak leaves produce a dark brown color, ketapang leaves produce turmeric yellow color, and banten skin produces a brick red color. After going through the coloring process, the yarn is tested using Tensilon RTG. The result show that the yarn strength increase during the coloring process. In addition, differences in the concentration of the solution also affect the strength of the yarn produced. Solution with a concentration ratio of 1: 8 produces optimal tensile strength of 0.3450 cN/dtex on teak leaves, 0.3369 cN/dtex on ketapang leaves, and 0.2450 cN/dtex on banten skin.

High temperatures are a common feature of the environment of tropical regions such as Lombok Island and although the effect can be alleviated by altitude, heat stress will be an important limitation to the productivity of wheat in this environment. The objectives of the experiment were to observe the responses of water use (WU), water use efficiency (WUE) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) to high temperatures on growth and yield of wheat under controlled conditions. In this experiment plants were grown under growth chambers at temperatures to simulate low and high elevation locations on Lombok Island. Water use, water use efficiency, WSC and yield of 4 wheat genotypes (2 Australian and 2 Indonesian varieties) grown at 3 temperatures (32°/23°C, 28°/20°C, and 25°/15°C day/night) were compared. Variation in water use, water use efficiency, and the concentration of water soluble carbohydrate was found. Indonesian wheat varieties, Nias and Dewata produced higher yield and biomass and maintaining higher rates of water use and remobilisation of water soluble carbohydrate from vegetative tissues to grain. The accumulation of water soluble carbohydrates was an important adaptive characteristic that was strongly associated with grain weight and grains per spikelet and maintained better yield.

Silicon is the second most abundant in the soil and Silicon could be considered as an essential element in many crops to enhancing growth and alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon present exclusively and absorbed by plants in the form of silicic acid. Drought stress that occurs in plants inhibit of several metabolic processes in plant tissue, so that the availability of sufficient water in the soil becomes very important in plant cultivation. Plants have different adaptability to drought conditions, one of the efforts to increase plant resistance in conditions of limited water availability can be done with physiological engineering through controlling levels of proline, protein and abscisic acid, by giving silicon as an element that is known to increase power plants against drought. The results showed that silicon had closely related to decreased content of proline and abscisic acid, an increased in silicon concentration tended to decrease proline (R² = 0.94) and abscisic acid (R² = 0.95), and applying a higher silicon increased crude protein (R² = 0.95).

Red rice kernels are known to have high antioxidant properties due to its anthocyanins, and application of mycorrhizal fungi was reported to increase grain anthocyanins. This study aimed to examine the effects of intercropping with soybean and mycorrhiza biofertilizer on grain anthocyanins and yield of upland red rice under aerobic irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in Beleke, West Lombok, Indonesia, under Split Split-Plot design with three treatment factors, i.e. upland red rice genotypes as the main plots (G04, G10), intercropping as the sub-plots (monocrop or intercropping with soybean), and mycorrhiza as the sub-sub-plots (without or with mycorrhiza). Results indicated that intercropping and mycorrhiza application significantly increased grain anthocyanin contents and yield, but rice genotypes showed differences only in grain yield per clump. However, there was a three-way interaction on percentage of filled grain number, and a two-way interaction on grain anthocyanins, in which mycorrhiza application resulted in more significant increases in anthocyanin contents and grain yield of the red rice under intercropping with soybean than under monocrop. Therefore, application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer and intercropping with soybean, besides increasing grain yield, are also capable of increasing health values of the red rice grown on raised-beds in aerobic irrigation system.

Udayana urban forest in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) province boasts the endemic Flora Malesiana. This research aims to describe the structure, composition and the authenticity of Flora Malesiana in this area. We used a census method (100% measurement) to identify the species and measured the diameter and height of all trees species with the diameter of more than 2 cm. The results showed that the 64 species belong to 27 families. The urban forest is dominated by Fabaceae family (27.39%) with its 18 species (28.13%) of plants being invasive. The species dominance index (C) is in the range of 0.00012-0.24, indicating that there is no concentration of the species in the plant community. The ecology index showed a low level for seedling, a moderate to high level for sapling and pole, and a high level for trees. The horizontal structure is almost in the form of an inverted J-curve, neither a dynamic nor a natural forest. Vertical stand structure shows that the canopy stratification in the Udayana urban forest is mostly in stratum C (91.33%).

Indonesia and Turkey have different geoclimates which cause each country to produce different agricultural commodities. This presents a great opportunity for the two countries to trade these different commodities. Turkey and Indonesia have had a commercial, diplomatic, and military relationship since the 16th century as the Ottoman Empire and Aceh Sultanate. After both countries established as republic and independent countries, the bilateral relationship between two countries was rebuilt with the first trading agreement signed on September 14, 1958, followed by other cooperation and partnership agreements later on. At present, the bilateral relations between the two countries, especially in the economic sector are increasing. With the latest bilateral agreement, Indonesia-Turkey Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IT-CEPA), launched on July 6, 2017, economic cooperation between the two countries is expected to increase even more. Even though each year the value of trade between the two countries has increased, but those numbers are still far below the potential of the two countries. Therefore, it is necessary to increase trade commodities from both countries, especially agro-industrial commodities. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of some potential agro-industrial commodities to increase trade value between Indonesia and Turkey.

The use of organic fertilizers could be an alternative for synthetic fertilizer because of its high price and limited availability. Organic fertilizer is commonly found in the form of solid or liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), a broadleaf weed containing high N, P, and K, is often used to enrich LOF. However, the quality of LOF is highly dependent on the incubation time. This study aimed to examine the influence of LOF incubation time on sweet corn plant growth and yield. This experiment was conducted at the Experiment Station, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, from August to December 2019. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD), with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were LOF prepared for four, five, six, and seven weeks of incubation. No LOF was allocated as control. The result showed that the incubation time for LOF preparation had no significant effect on plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameter, ear weight, and ear length of sweet corn. It is suggested that the preparation of Tithonia enriched LOF be incubated for four weeks.

Phaius spp. is an orchid plant that has a large plant size with dark and striking flower color which is an attraction for Phaius spp. Morphological characterization of orchids is needed for the preservation of germplasm and selecting a variety of natural orchid germplasm that has superior plant and hash surface properties to be used in crossing. The study aims to identify the quantitative morphological character of 5 species Phaius spp. The materials used were Sulawesi Phaius tankervilliae and P. indigoferus, Papua was P. montanus, and Bali P. amboinensis and P. callosus which were the collection of the Bogor Botanical Garden. The result showed that the dendogram based on similarity the five species in the similarity of 1.32 produces two groups, the first group consists of P. amboinensis, P. indigoferus, P. montanus. The second grup consist of P. callosus and P. tankervillae. Genotype P. amboinensis and P. indigoferus showed similiraity (87%) compared to the other genotypes and have opportunity to be used as parents for crossing.

Research aims to study the effect of organic fertilizer dosages and Biofilmed Biofertilizer formula on nitrogen uptake and shallot yield in Alfisols. Field experiment was conducted at Sukosari Village, Jumantono, Karanganyar district, Central Java, Indonesia. The experimental design used was Randomized Completely Block Design with two factors namely dose of organic fertilizers (D₀, D₁, D₂) and Biofilmed biofertilizer formula (F₀, F₁, F₂, F₃). Each combination treatment repeated three times. Variables observed included N-uptake, plant fresh and dry weight, number and diameter of bulb, and shallot yield. Data was analyzed by F test at 95% of level confidence, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if any significant influence. The result showed that organic fertilizer doses influence significantly on bulb weight, while the interaction of organic fertilizer dose and biofertilizer formula influence N uptake. Highest bulb weight achieved by the use of 20 tons ha^-1 organic fertilizer (62,9 g clump^-1), increase 348,65% from control treatment (14.04 g clump^-1). The highest N-uptake was taken from the treatment combination of 10 tons ha^-1 organic fertilizer and biofertilizer formula F₁ (0,17 gr N/clumps), increase 183,33% from control treatment (0.06 g clump^-1).

This study examined the allocation of agricultural credits by farmer households and the effect of changes in agricultural credit policies and cattle-raising business input. The study was conducted in Kupang and East Central Timor (Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regencies, East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province, which is cattle production center and where the largest number of farmer households received agricultural credit in NTT. The data were analyzed using the 2-SLS method and the results were then validated and utilized using simulation models. In simulation 1, the agricultural credit increase was 25%, in simulation 2 the cattle-raising business input productivity increase was 20%, and simulation 3 was a combination between simulations 1 and 2. The study results revealed that in order to stimulate the increase in productivity and cattle-raising business production, it was not enough to provide agricultural credit, but it must be followed by improvements in the productivity of the cattle-raising business input such as improvements in the quality feeder calves, feed, and veterinary drugs. The policy implications are that agricultural credit is needed and it stimulates the use of better livestock-raising business input.

Pigeon pea has great potential to be alternate source of plant protein. The potential of pigeon pea needs to be improved by plant breeding program. Genetic information are needed to improved plant breeding. This research aims to gain genetic information based on chromosome numbers, chromosome shape and chromosome length to visualize pigeon pea karyotypic. The research was conducted at Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Sebelas Maret University and Plant Breeding Laboratory Mendel Room Faculty of Agriculture Gadjah Mada University. This research had be done by making glass slides using squashing method include fixation use Carnoy 1 solution (3 absolute ethanol: 1 96% acetic acid), hydrolysis (1N HCl) and chromosome staining (aceto orcein 2%). The results showed that chromosome number of pigeon pea is 2n = 2x = 22 with chromosome length 5.73 ± 1.15 μm until 10.92 ± 2.69 μm. Shape of pigeon pea chromosomes are metacentric and submetacentric which are metacentric is dominant. Karyotypic formula of pigeon pea is 2n = 2x = 9 m + 2 sm. Intrachromosomal asymmetry index (As1%) of pigeon pea is 59% and Intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A2) value of pigeon pea is 0.34 ± 0.02.

Indonesia's palm oil production needs to be developed; generative sapodilla cultivation has a very long growth. The effort that can be done to increase the growth of sapodilla seeds for the provision of quality seedlings. Giving chitosan expected to increase the growth of sapodilla seeds because there is chitosan content that accelerate plant growth, and age planting shorter. The aim of this research is to know the concentration and time of spraying of chitosan to be applied to generative sapodilla seeds. The study used Randomized Complete Block Design (RAKL) of 2 factors. The first factor was chitosanic concentration consisting of four levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 mL/L) and the spraying time consisted of three levels (morning, afternoon, and morning and afternoon), each treatment combination was repeated three times. that the concentration of chitosan has significant effect to the leaf area with the best treatment at 6 mL/L concentration and the time of spraying treatment had significant effect on the increase of the number of branches with the best treatment during the morning spraying.

The development of tourist villages is an important issue which contributes to the income of developing countries such as Indonesia. One of the tourist villages that exists in the Boyolali Regency of Central Java is Samiran Boyolali Tourist Village (Dewi Sambi). The goal of this research is to identify the forms of partnership in Dewi Sambi and to formulate an institutional strengthening model to support the development of Dewi Sambi as a tourist village. This research was conducted in Samiran village. The data was obtained directly from 7 related informants - the village head, tourist village head, local leaders, and members of the tourist village. The objects studied were the natural and human resources, the institution of pokdarwis strengthening model to sustain Dewi Sambi as a tourist village is the synergy between its internal strengths (managers and members) and the external bureaucracy of Dewi Sambi. (tourism awareness group), the history, and the regional potential of this village. The results of the research show that the partnership implemented by Dewi Sambi includes 4 patterns of interaction: interaction between the government and Dewi Sambi, interaction between the ministry and Dewi Sambi, interaction between the managers and Dewi Sambi, and interaction between the members and Dewi Sambi. The institutional.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable whose commercial value is quite good and the demand for lettuce has increased, including from hydroponic results. The use of rockwool planting media in hydroponics is often not available when needed and is expensive. Therefore it is necessary to study of using local planting media, such as: coconut fiber and rice husk charcoal as a replacement of rockwool planting media and whether the increased concentration of nutrients given to the planting media affects the rate of plant growth and yield of lettuce. The purpose of this research to study are interaction between planting media and nutrient concentrations (AB Mix) on the growth and development rate of plants, as well as the yield of lettuce hydroponically with the NFT system. The research was arranged in factorial with two factors using a Split Plot Design. The the main plot is AB Mix nutritional concentration (K) consisting of 3 levels (600 ppm, 900 ppm and 1200 ppm), while the subplot is a planting media (M) consisting of 3 treatment, namely: Rockwool, Coconut Fiber, and Rice Husk Charcoal. The results showed that the combination treatment of rice husk charcoal planting media and AB Mix concentration of 1200 ppm (M3K3) produced the best growth and increased the fresh weight of lettuce plants by 447,54% compared to the combination treatment of rockwool media and AB mix concentration of 600 ppm (M1K1). Rice Husk Charcoal planting media increases the growth rate of plant length and leaf area respectively by 26% and 81,54% compared to rockwool planting media. AB Mix concentration of 1200 ppm gives the best response and increases the growth rate of plant length and lettuce leaf area respectively by 367,5% and 165% compared to the concentration of 600 ppm.

This research aimed to estimate the growth curve of body weight in Ecotype Fulani (EF) chickens. Two growth curves of Logistic (L)and Gompertz (G) models were performed in this study. 211 birds were used in this study for growth curve analysis. Research showed that the coefficient of determination (R²) in both curves were similar (0.99). Hence, the standard error in G model was lower than L model in each sex group. The bird's adult weight were 1575.96 g (male) or 1411.69 g (female) in L model and 2386.63 g (male) or 2250.30 g (female) in G model. The bird's inflection weight was 787.98 g (male) or 705.85 g (female) in L model and 877.44 g (male) or 827.32 g (female) in G model. The bird's inflection time were 13.58 week (male) or 15.58 week (female) L model and 18.57 week (male) or 13.89 week (female) in G model. The bird's maximum growth rate were 78.80 g/wk (male) or 63.53 g/wk (female) in L model and 61.42 g/wk (male) or 74.46 g/wk (female) in G mode. It was concluded that the growth curve of G model was accurate to predict the body weight of EF chickens from hatching to adult age.