Table of contents

The 2020 4th International Conference on Water Conservancy, Hydropower and Building Engineering (WCHBE 2020) was planned to be held in Lanzhou, China during July 3-5, 2020. WCHBE 2020 was hosted by AEIC Academic Exchange Information Center. Due to the impact of COVID-19, many communities from all over the world were under strict health measures and strict travel restrictions, and participants of 2020 4th International Conference on Water Conservancy, Hydropower and Building Engineering (WCHBE 2020) also meet with the difficulty of travel restrictions. For communities, if our conference was not held in a virtual form, it would add huge work on traffic system, Exit-Entry system, medical system, etc., which is quite a serious issue, to actively respond to the call of the government, to strengthen the protection work, to effectively reduce people gathering and prevent COVID-19, considering the situation that most of the authors would like to publish their articles and make academic communications as scheduled, WCHBE 2020 was held on-line instead of postponing the conference. It was a challenge, not only to the organizers, but also to the participants who were delivering their speeches using videoconference tools, under different time zones.

The conference is an international conference for the presentation of technological advances and research results in the fields of water conservancy, hydropower and building engineering. The conference will bring together about 97 leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from China, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico and Thailand. The conference model was divided into two parts, including keynote presentations and online discussion. In the first part, each keynote speakers were allocated 30 minutes to present their talks via Zoom. After the keynote talks, all participants joined in a WeChat communication group to discuss more about the talks and presentations. We are honored to have invited three distinguished experts as our keynote speakers. Prof. Hengjia Zhang, Gansu Agricultural University, China, was the first one to perform a thought-provoking speech on Optimization of Limited Irrigation Schedules for Spring Maize (Zea mays) in a Desert Oasis Region. He also was the Conference Chair who mainly devoted to the teaching and research work of the efficient use of agricultural water and soil resources. Secondly, Prof. Shaohua Marko Hsu from Feng Chia University held his speech on Using Porous Material for Riverbank and Riverbed Protection. Thirdly, Prof. Ahmad Safuan Bin A. Rashid from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia talked about Application of UAV-TLS Photogrammetry in Determination of Rock Slope Stability. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the second session of the conference. The WeChat discussion lasted for about 30 minutes. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.

We are glad to share with you that we still received lots of submissions from the conference during this special period. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. These papers feature following two categories but are not limited to: Civil, Architectural Engineering, Water conservancy and hydropower, and other related fields. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.

We would like to express our gratitude to everyone involved. Without this dedicated cooperation, it would be impossible to hold the conference at such a high level and prepare the WCHBE 2020 proceedings.

Committee of WCHBE 2020

The Committee member is available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe) Double-blind

• Conference submission management system: AI Scholar Submission System

• Number of submissions received: 210

• Number of submissions sent for review: 198

• Number of submissions accepted: 97

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 46.2%

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 74

• Any additional info on review process:

• Contact person for queries: ww.wei@aliyun.com

Geotechnical engineering plays a valuable and fundamental role in the process of engineering construction in China, and during the process of geotechnical engineering construction, engineering investigation and foundation treatment have significant influence on the whole construction quality of the geotechnical engineering. The widespread distribution and overall features of collapsible loess bring more difficulty for engineering investigation and foundation treatment. Any failure of accurate investigation and effective foundation treatment may lead to the collapse during the engineering construction. There is a large area of collapsible loess in the northwest of China, especially in Lanzhou, and such extensive distribution of collapsible loess makes it quite difficult during the geotechnical engineering construction. How to conduct effective geotechnical engineering investigation and foundation treatment for collapsible loess is the priority of researches on geotechnical engineering construction in Lanzhou for the moment. During the process of foundation treatment of collapsible loess, the overall characteristics of loess should be taken into consideration, and then it shall be analyzed and demonstrated from perspectives of economy, rationality and feasibility. This paper takes Lanzhou as the research object and carries out the research on the geotechnical engineering investigation and foundation treatment methods in this area during the research process. The research outcomes can serve as empirical support and theoretical reference for geotechnical engineering investigation and foundation treatment of large thickness collapsible loess, and further improve the construction quality and economic benefits of geotechnical engineering.

For the water supply and drainage project, it is not only beneficial to the country and the people, but also an important industry in China's economic structure. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively manage the water supply and drainage project and actively apply advanced construction technology to ensure that its construction quality meets the corresponding requirements and standard specifications. This article summarizes the construction management of water supply and drainage projects, analyzes the water supply and drainage construction techniques, and proposes corresponding construction management strategies.

In the process of continuous improvement of my country's scientific and technological level, the development and application of new technologies are relatively fast, and the application of new technologies in various fields is relatively extensive. The full application of GPS positioning technology in the surveying and mapping line is of great significance, which can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of civil engineering surveying. With the continuous development and application of GPS measurement technology, it can promote the further development of my country's engineering measurement industry. In the actual operation of GPS positioning technology, the signals sent by the satellites can be obtained in time, and then the signal information is processed to accurately determine the specific spatial location of the measurement point. The three-dimensional navigation performance and positioning function of GPS positioning technology is relatively strong, with strong anti-interference ability, and can be fully applied in the measurement process of various civil engineering. In order to improve the application effect of GPS positioning technology, we need to further study the GPS positioning technology and discuss the specific application of mechanical positioning technology in the civil engineering measurement process, so as to provide corresponding reference for the popularization and application of GPS positioning technology.

In order to apply the emergency operation Model in Upstream Pools of the Accident Pool of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project we have developed, a one dimensional hydraulic model was developed and a case study was carried out. The results showed the emergency operation model can determine reasonable emergency operation measures in the upstream pools. In addition, some suggestions were put forward to help deal with the emergency operation measures in the upstream pools.

Inlet / outlet of pumped storage power station is affected by bidirectional flow. Head is high and the force situation is more complicated. Simulation calculation based on finite element software ansys can simulate the force situation of inlet / outlet under different working conditions and analyze the distribution of stress in the stress cloud. So we can calculate structural reinforcement of inlet / outlet according to stress cloud. This calculation method can meet the use requirements of the structure.

As the concrete surfaces of the sluice structure in the water conservancy and hydropower engineering would often suffer from the erosion of high speed sandy flow or water flow with bed load, there will often appear different degrees of wear and cavitations damages after a certain time of operation. Therefore, it is especially important to use the materials with high performance in resisting erosion and abrasion. Based on analyzing the abrasion damage mechanism and form of concrete, this paper mainly summarizes the research and application of scour-abrasion resistant materials, introduces the new development of scour-abrasion resistant materials, and finally provides an effective way of solving the impact of high silt-laden water erosion.

This paper introduces the technical principle, technical characteristics and application scope of the brush-coated flexible cover-plate waterstop. With the example of Taihu reservoir CFRD project, the detailed engineering application of the new type waterstop structure is presented, including the design scheme, construction technology and quality control, etc.

In order to solve the uncertainty and fuzziness of various factors, the cloud model theory is introduced to establish evaluation indexes from four aspects of life loss, economic loss, social impact and environmental impact. AHP and grey correlation method are applied to subjective and objective weight respectively, and a combination weight based on cloud model is proposed the evaluation model of dam break consequence. According to the evaluation index system and evaluation standard of dam breach, the cloud model parameters of different accident levels under the evaluation index are determined in the model; the combined weight of each index is calculated based on AHP and correlation degree method, and the comprehensive evaluation model of dam breach consequences is constructed. Taking five reservoirs in Jiangxi Province as an example, the results show that the model is effective and feasible, which provides a new way for the comprehensive evaluation of the consequences of dam break.

Based on the concept of "focusing on children's development", this paper discusses the architectural design of kindergarten in Jingkai district of Nanchang, and from the aspects of architectural form, shape combination, architectural color, space extension and landscape greening, four design methods are proposed: "FOLD"—variations in heights; "COURTYARD"—multi-tiered enclosure structure; "COLOR"—color interspersion; "GREEN"—green surrounding.

The advancement of technology has changed the function and structure of the building space. The prefabricated steel structure is in a period of vigorous development, which is an important way for the development of industrialization of buildings. Therefore, the key technology of prefabricated assembled steel structure is a key problem that needs to be solved urgently. It is particularly important in the optimization and upgrading of the form of the building structure. At the same time, the design and construction of the beam-column connection node is also crucial, which directly affects the construction process and speed. In this paper, a new type of assembled steel structure beam-column joint is designed, and the seismic behavior of the structure is analyzed through experiments. Experiments show that the structure has good seismic behavior, which not only effectively solves the problem of structural interference, but also reduces the construction process and improves the construction speed.

Base on the treatment project Han he landslide, the mechanism of rainfall-induced landslide was carried out. SRM was used to analyze the stability of the landslide in the natural state and the rain state. The influencing factors of the landslide and the safety and stability of the landslide were analyzed. The research results are as follow: (1) Han he landslide body is developed in Wu dong Huang dong kou Formation (∈h) mudstone and silty mudstone, so the rock is highly weathered and easily softened by water. (2) According to this survey and the stability calculation, it shows that the Han he landslide is in an unstable state during heavy rain, and the shallow landslide is in unstable state. The theoretical analysis is basically consistent with the numerical results. (3) Stress is on the front edge of the landslide concentrated in the dangerous area, the landslide may continue to slide, and the trailing edge steep wall may also gradually collapse on a small scale. It is recommended to improve the drainage system and treatment measures as soon as possible. The mechanism of the landslide can provide engineering reference for the treatment and prevention of similar landslides.

A lot of research on dnamic buckling of cylindrical shells has been carried out, which greatly promotes the development of dynamic stability theory of shells. However, the existing theoretical analysis methods belong to the Lagrangian system, so it is difficult to apply the traditional variable separation method. In this paper, a symplectic system method for the dynamic buckling of elastic cylindrical shells under axial impact is presented. In symplectic space, the critical buckling load and dynamic buckling mode are simplified as general eigensolutions. In numerical results, the critical buckling load modes of elastic shells under different boundary conditions are given.

In order to solve the dynamic buckling problem of elastic cylindrical shell under torsional impact, the original and dual variables of the problem are constructed by means of the energy of the system, and the Hamiltonian system of the system is established. According to the characteristics of Hamiltonian regular equation and symplectic space, the initial boundary value problem of partial differential equation is transformed into an algebraic equation problem by using the boundary conditions and compatibility conditions expressed by dual variables, and the analytical expressions of symplectic eigenvalues and eigensolutions are obtained.

Plastic material refers to the material with plasticity under normal temperature and static load. This kind of material has strong impact resistance and vibration resistance, and its tensile strength is usually higher than that of brittle materials, so plastic materials are generally used to bear tensile force. In this paper, we will introduce some classical plastic collapse theorems, which have been widely used to evaluate the forming process of concrete and determine the structure and soil foundation of the maximum bearing capacity for many years.

Polymer materials have obvious viscoelastic properties. Viscoelastic mechanics mainly studies the relationship between deformation and external force, load time, load rate and other factors under the influence of external factors, as well as the stress field, strain field and relevant laws in the object. The deformation of viscoelastic materials is strongly dependent on time and temperature. The viscoelasticity of the material will change with the temperature. If there is no obvious creep at room temperature, there will be significant deformation and flow at higher temperature, and even the phenomenon of material failure will be different. If the temperature changes too much, it will change the mechanical properties of the material.

When the temperature changes, the stress produced by the external constraint and the mutual constraint between the internal parts of the object, which makes it unable to expand and contract freely, is called thermal stress. The thermal stress is caused by the steady temperature field. When the transient temperature changes to zero and the temperature distribution reaches a stable state, the temperature distribution can be obtained from the heat conduction equation and temperature boundary conditions, and then the displacement and stress can be obtained from the elastic equation including the temperature term.

The Poisson's ratio is the absolute value of the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain under simple tension or compression, which can reflect the transverse deformation of the solid. Viscoelastic mechanics is to establish the constitutive relationship of stress and deformation components on the premise of fully reflecting the viscous characteristics of materials, so as to solve the problem of stress and deformation analysis.

The significance of the transition from Lagrangian system to Hamiltonian system lies in that it has entered the form of symplectic geometry from the traditional Euclidean geometry and broken through the traditional concept, so that the dual mixed variable method has entered into the vast field of applied mechanics. Thus the Hamiltonian system method is very significant for engineering mechanics system and even mathematical physics method. It provides a powerful tool for discussing this kind of problems and improves the solution of elasticity to a new platform.

In this paper, the critical buckling load and dynamic buckling mode are reduced to symplectic eigenvalues and eigensolutions in symplectic space according to the non synchronous propagation of axial stress wave and torsional stress wave in cylindrical shell. Moreover, the eigensolutions are numerically solved by using the bifurcation theory of dynamic buckling. In the numerical computation, the influence factors of critical buckling load and the occurrence and development of buckling modes are discussed.

Based on Hamiltonian theory, a boundary integral method is developed to deal with complex boundary conditions and interface continuity conditions. In addition, based on the micro experiments, the characteristics of micro multi-level structure of plant fibers are systematically studied, and the computational mechanical models of each level are established. Based on Hamiltonian theory, a boundary integral method is developed to deal with complex boundary conditions and interface continuity conditions. In addition, based on the micro experiments, the characteristics of micro multi-level structure of plant fibers are systematically studied, and the computational mechanical models of each level are established.

Viscoelasticity is the basic content of solid mechanics, which has become an important part of continuum mechanics. It usually includes two aspects: one is the description of viscoelastic properties and the expression of constitutive relationship; the other is the establishment and solution of boundary value problem. In this paper, based on Legendre transformation, a new numerical method which can effectively deal with viscoelastic boundary conditions is established.

By using the eigensolution expansion method, the problem can be transformed into a Hamiltonian matrix. In symplectic system, the study of elasticity takes the primal variable and its dual variable as the basic variable, which makes the separated variable method be implemented smoothly, thus forming a unique direct method. The significance of the transition from Lagrangian system to Hamiltonian system lies in the transition from the traditional Euclidean geometry to the symplectic geometry, and the introduction of dual mixed variable method into the broad field of applied mechanics, which provides a powerful tool for the discussion of mechanical problems. At the same time, this method, marked by the all state vector, is more in line with and adapts to the development of computer. The trend is very important to the engineering mechanics system, the mathematical physics method and the research of other subjects.

In this paper, according to the ice storm weather, through the numerical analysis of meteorological records, the movement rule of ice storm weather and the mechanism of action on overhead transmission lines are studied, and the ice storm weather model suitable for overhead transmission lines is established. Then the ice storm weather model is connected with the failure probability of the overhead transmission lines, and the structural reliability of the overhead transmission lines under the ice storm weather is analyzed. Finally, based on the evaluation of the reliability of the lines, the restoration model of the damaged overhead transmission lines is established. So as to provide a theoretical basis for the safe operation of the power grid.

In this paper, the silo wall and the storage material in the silo are considered as a whole. It is proposed that there is energy conversion between them in the process of loading and unloading. The interaction between them is analyzed and the mechanism of dynamic pressure increase is explored by referring to the method established by the earth pressure theory. At the same time, the energy principle and three-dimensional discrete element are used for theoretical analysis, and a simplified calculation method of silo lateral dynamic pressure is proposed to effectively predict the lateral dynamic pressure field and the range of pressure coefficient.

For viscoelastic problems, Saint Venant solution can only satisfy the boundary conditions in the mean sense, while the local effect solution describes the stress and deformation in the local area near the load. In many practical problems, we only care about the effect of load on the whole material and structure, and the effect of local effect solution is often ignored. However, for some special cases, such as the cantilever beam with free end under bending moment, the stress at the fixed end is not uniformly distributed due to the restriction of displacement conditions, especially the stress at the upper and lower edges is far greater than the average stress on the cross section, so the local solution plays an important role.

Generally, the incremental superposition method is used to analyze the stress and deformation of viscoelastic structures. In the calculation, the total time is divided into several intervals. It is assumed that the internal stress remains unchanged in each time interval. The creep deformation generated in this period is taken as the initial strain at the next moment, and the displacement increment is solved according to the elastic problem together with the load, and the total displacement is obtained gradually by superposition. In the study of this method, the integral constitutive relation is used in most cases, and the relaxation modulus is expressed by Prony series. Therefore, the convolution can be expressed by recursion formula, and the memory can be greatly reduced.

With the development of the construction industry and the vigorous support of national policies, prefab building has become the trend of future development of construction industry, which also makes the use of mechanical equipment in construction gradually enriched. Among them, the guide frame climbing lifting platform belongs to the building elevation construction equipment, which is more efficient in the construction process of prefabricated building. Its main characteristic is to reduce the construction personnel's allocation, and the construction personnel's burden, to ensure the quality and efficiency of construction, and to ensure that the safety of construction personnel played a huge role. It has played a great role in ensuring the safety of construction personnel and so on.

Safety monitoring is significant in the daily management of the dams. Plenty instruments are planted in the dam to collect the health data of the dam. It is essential to evaluate and forecast the condition of the dam. This paper proposed a method to forecast the future stress condition of the dam.

According to the operating features of aqueducts of water conveyance structures in cold regions, this paper proposed a flexible rehabilitation plan of water sealing by single component polyurea on the surface of expansion joint of an aqueduct. The author conducted a laboratory test to study the tensile strength, bond strength, impermeability, frost resistance and aging resistance of the single-component polyurea. The results showed that the single component polyurea has strong impermeability and frost resistance, excellent aging resistance, large elongation, and high viscosity with concrete. Therefore, the single-component polyurea is suitable for the defect treatment of concrete expansion joints. In a defect treatment project of an aqueduct in the North, a flexible rehabilitation plan of water sealing by single component polyurea was implemented on the defective expansion joint of an aqueduct, and the operation effect still remained good after 3 years. The flexible rehabilitation plan of water sealing is simple and reliable because it does not damage the overall structure of the concrete and is easy to be maintained.

Wastewater pump room is used to lead wastewater out of subway sections. The wastewater pump room is the side channel of subway sections which is often constructed by freezing method. Since the freezing method construction has a certain risk of failure which leads to soil foundation collapse easily, as an alternative, subway section drainage can be achieved by installing a drainage pump inside railway track concrete roadbed. Because the built-in pumping weakened the original integrity of roadbed structure, in this paper, by establishing a finite element analysis model of the vehicle-track-tunnel, 12 indexes including dynamic response of the track structure, stability and safety of running vehicle were calculated. Results show that, while vehicle passing through the section, the build-in pumping structure meet requirements of track structure dynamic responses, vehicle running safety and stability.

The propagation law of stress wave in jointed rock mass under in-situ stress has important engineering significance on blasting excavation and protection engineering design of deep rock mass. Based on theoretical analysis, the propagation law of stress wave across multiple nonlinear deformation joints under the initial stress is studied. Firstly, the propagation equation of stress wave across multiple nonlinear joints considering the influence of initial stresses is established, through the discontinuous deformation method (DDM) and the recursive analysis method of stress wave in time domain. On this basis, parametric studies are conducted for the effects of stress wave propagation, such as initial stress, the amplitude of stress wave, the distance and the number of joints. The results show that the existence of initial stress will affect the propagation of stress wave, the geometric distribution of joints, such as spacing and number, can also cause the change of stress wave transmission coefficients, and the amplitude of incident wave varies can also lead to the change of stress wave propagation.

The article analyzes the factors that cause the insufficient output of hydraulic turbine, tests and analyzes the output, head and flow of the turbine, finds out the cause of the insufficient output of the turbine and proposes a solution.

Through dynamic compaction tests with tamping energies of 1500, 2000, and 2500 kN•m of an embankment section in the PingShan–ZanHuang Expressway, the compression deformation behavior of the tamping settlement, soil deformation around the tamping rammer, consolidation depth, and dynamic stress of dynamic compaction were comprehensively tested. Comparative analyses of field data under three different tamping energies suggested that the optimal tamping energy, number of strikes, and vertical effective tamping depth for this embankment are 2000 kN•m, six, and 5 m, respectively. The field test data proving that dynamic compaction has a significant effect on this embankment.

As a mature industrial field bus, the CAN bus has been widely used in industrial field control. In the application of multi-node CAN bus, how to ensure the reliable operation of the CAN bus has been widely concerned. The main items, purpose and test methods of sex testing are elaborated in detail, aiming to provide some ideas for how to promote the reliability application research of CAN bus.

Marine engineering is an important way for a country to go deep blue. In the marine environment, there are many factors that affect the durability of concrete, among which the most harmful one is chloride ion erosion. In order to improve the ability to resist chloride ion permeation, this paper designs, compares and selects the appropriate water cement ratio of marine concrete, with the use of new anticorrosive technologies such as epoxy coating and silane impregnation. The design service life and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient prediction are analysed by establishing models, and this paper verifies whether the engineering design meets the service life requirement.

This experiment was developed by Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. A three-dimensional model was conducted for an indoor artificial light plant factory to simulate the temperature field distribution. The results showed that the average absolute error of simulated temperature and measured temperature was 0.7°C, and the average relative error was 3%. The growth indexes of Brassica chinensis in the artificial light plant factory were measured. The uniformity of airflow field in the cultivation area should be further studied for the structural optimization of the plant factory.

As revealed by the dam break accident investigation statistics, flawed organizational behavior determines the safety level of the reservoir dam. Its operating risk revolution process involves water, disaster, relief material dispatching, information interaction, and so on. The multiple information transferring mode and dynamic processes perform with the characteristics of the social-technical system, but little prior research on the risk causality can be found in such a view. The traditional risk analysis and assessment techniques based on linear accident model and the partial probability calculation cannot effectively satisfy the requirements for dam-break emergency decision-making in a dynamic and systematic way. Based on the system dynamics approach, this study proposed risk dynamics models aiming for risk interaction mechanisms involving organizational, human, and technical system factors leading to dam break. The models guided the development of a quantitative risk assessment tool to integrate relevant professional modules and data. The derived policy suggestions which guarantee the life and property of downstream residents can improve the abilities of dam operating management organization for more effective responses under emergency circumstances.

In order to study the main influencing factors of the ultimate bearing capacity of the PBL connector, the large-scale nonlinear finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to establish the solid model of the PBL connector, and the accuracy of the model was verified by comparison with the test results. Based on this, the main influencing factors of the ultimate bearing capacity of PBL connectors are analyzed. The results show that it is feasible to apply ABAQUS to the finite element analysis of the mechanical properties of PBL connectors, which can be assisted by experiments and empirical formulas; The concrete strength, the diameter of rebar and the number of holes have a significant effect on PBL connectors' force, but the diameter of holes has little effect.

In order to better study the impact of near-field vibration pulse effects on high-rise structures, a random point source method and an equivalent velocity pulse superposition method were used to generate 26 multi-environmental near-field vibration samples with pulse effects for 7-degree fortification. Through the finite element modeling and analysis, the vibration type of the light and heat tower structure is obtained, and the seismic response of the heat absorption tower is analyzed by the generated random ground motion, and the mean value and variance of the structure dynamic amplification factor, base shear force and displacement angle are obtained. Coefficient of variation. The results show that the random seismic response of the structure shows an obvious discrete type, the dispersion of the acceleration amplification factor increases with the height of the tower, the displacement response increases with the height of the tower, and the steel structure on the top of the tower has a significant whiplash effect.

Based on the data from May, August, and October 1992, the Cd content in the Jiaozhou Bay waters varied from 0.11 to 1.53μg/L, up to the water quality standards of Class I and II seawater. This indicates that the water quality of the entire bay was slightly or not polluted by Cd during this period. In May, the variation of the Cd content in the bay ranged from 0.23 to1.53μg/L, more specifically, the Cd content reached a relatively high level of 1.00-1.53μg/L in the offshore waters near the estuary of Dagu River, Loushan River, Licun River and Haibo River and offshore waters of the north of the bay, leading to a mild contamination, while other waters in the bay were not polluted by the Cd content at all. In August, the variation of Cd content in the bay ranged from 0.11 to 1.11μg/L, more specifically, the Cd content hit the record high of 1.11μg/L in the offshore waters near the estuary of Dagu River and in the waters of the south of the bay mouth, making the waters polluted slightly, while other waters in the bay were not polluted by the Cd content at all. In October, the variation of the Cd content in the bay ranged from 0.12 to 1.11μg/L, more specifically, the Cd content reached a relatively high level of 1.04-1.11μg/L in the offshore waters near the estuary of Loushan River and Licun River, leading to mild contamination, while other waters in the bay were not polluted by the Cd content at all. There are three sources of the Cd content in the Jiaozhou Bay waters: rivers, main sea currents and surface runoff. In other words, these are three ways to transport the Cd content. In these ways, 0.96-1.53μg/L, 1.11μg/L and 1.10μg/L of Cd content are transported respectively. In this regard, the order from the largest to smallest of Cd content delivery is as follows: rivers, main sea currents and surface runoff. The Cd content transported by surface runoff is very close to that transported by main sea currents, indicating that the Cd content emitted by humans to land is consistent with that released to the oceans. Besides, the Cd content transported by the three sources is higher than or close to 1.00μg/L, suggesting that both lands and oceans are mildly polluted by the Cd content.

Sluice is the most important and commonly used control building in water conservancy engineering system. In order to improve the design level of sluice and the utilization rate of social public resources, and facilitate the management of sluice project, It is necessary to carry out 3D collaborative design with Revit parametric family in the application research of sluice standardized design. The goal of design parameterization, construction standardization and management unification is expected. The common sluice project in water conservancy project is adopted as an example in this paper, and the method of building parametric sluice on Revit platform is studied, which provides a reference for the parametric engineering of the basic design industry.

The periodic effect of runoff time series is a basic characteristic that reflects the change law of river hydrological situation. In order to reveal the influence of power station regulation on the periodic change of runoff process, the Gangkouwan Station, the controlling reservoir of the Shuiyangjiang River, was taken as the object in this article, based on the Morlet wavelet analysis technique, the influence of the reservoir on the periodic characteristics of natural runoff was analyzed and the influence of the reservoir on the periodic effect of runoff process of downstream channel on different time scales was revealed. The results show that the Gangkouwan Station significantly affects the periodic change of runoff on the 1-year, 4-month and 1-day scales, and among them, periodic change on the 1-day scale shows change law of day night alternative wetness-dryness.

The analysis of the impact of pier backwaters is very important in bridge design. The composition of the bed sand across the river, the shape of the pier, the hydraulic gradient of the channel, and the water resistance of the pier all have an impact on the water level backwater height and backwater distance. Considering the actual situation of the project, the influence of piers on flood discharge is analysed and calculated by different backwater empirical formulas. The results show that the calculation results of the formulas are not far apart. Considering the most unfavourable situation, the calculation results of Cao Ruizhang formula of the Chinese Academy of Railway Sciences are selected as the final results. Combined with the analysis of water resistance, the construction of the project has little impact on the flood discharge of the river.

The construction of the reservoir has met human needs to a certain extent, but it has caused serious threats to river ecosystems, especially for the hydrological regime. In order to deepen the understanding of the impact of the reservoir, this paper introduces the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) method, constructs an indicator system that describes the changes in hydrological regime, and uses the Range of Variability Approach (RVA) to quantitatively evaluate the changes of 5 groups of 33 indexes after the construction of Gangkouwan Reservoir, thus realizing the quantitative change of the river hydrological regime. The results show that the Gangkouwan Reservoir affects the frequency and duration of high and low pulses highly, as well as in rate and frequency of water condition changes, and the integral change degree of hydrological regime is moderate.

The reasonable determination of pile spacing is an important link in the design of anti-slide pile. At present, there are many research results on the calculation method of maximum pile spacing of anti-slide pile. Due to different assumptions, different angles of analysis, and different complexity of the formula, the calculation results are quite different, and the research results have not been widely popularized. In this study, taking into account the whole soil arching as the research object, the formulas for calculating the maximum pile spacing of the anti-slide pile based on the soil arching effect behind piles or between piles are put forward considering the overall mechanical balance condition and strength condition of the soil arching, and its rationality is verified by an engineering example. Through calculation and analysis, it is considered that the soil arching between piles controls the maximum pile spacing of anti-slide pile. Through the comparison and analysis with the previous research, the results showed that the calculation formula in this paper is reasonable, feasible and simple, and is convenient for popularization and application in actual engineering.

With the large-scale application of urban comprehensive pipe gallery in China, it is an urgent engineering problem that how to adopt appropriate technical schemes for the foundation of comprehensive pipe gallery under different geological conditions. First of all, this paper starts from the unique stress condition of the comprehensive pipe gallery, through the analysis of the change of the stress on the foundation soil, it comes to the conclusion that the stress on the foundation soil becomes smaller after the completion of the comprehensive pipe gallery structure, and further analyses the influence of the buried depth and section size on the stress change of the foundation soil. Then, according to the foundation treatment scheme of the comprehensive pipe gallery in the collapsible loess area, some optimized suggestions and ideas are put forward, in order to provide more economical and simple foundation treatment measures for the construction of the comprehensive pipe gallery in the future.

Building a subgrade on the slope foundation is common for highway constructions in China. Under different hydrogeological conditions, the stability and differential settlement are the main problems for the construction of the subgrade. In order to study the parameters that influence the stability and deformation of subgrade, based on the cross-section of a mountainous region highway, those simulations were conducted to study the influence of subgrade height, subgrade width, embankment slope angle, and slope foundation angle on the stability and pattern of embankment. The results showed that the allowable filling height is 15 m; otherwise, there is a large risk of the slope sliding. Further, it was found that the maximum vertical deformation on the right shoulder of the embankment increases with an increase in the angles of the slope of the foundation. These results provide references for future highway constructions and design works in mountainous areas.

With the application and promotion of BIM technology in the field of building construction, the role and position of construction companies in adopting BIM technology to serve building construction activities is becoming increasingly important. Due to the unidirectional nature of the current BIM technology resource's dominant behavior, the 3D modeling design, involved in the visual display of BIM technology, is mainly undertaken by construction companies, and it brings the asymmetry of building information's management and interaction. Taking the application of Revit designing software as an example, in order to communicate with project designers and construction contractors on the interactive questions of reverse designing, and achieve the application effects of BIM technology resources, this paper designs the collaborative running model of engineering project's BIM technology services from the perspective of building service collectivization, and expounds the collaborative running mechanism oriented to reverse designing services, so as to effectively serve the engineering project's construction activities including bidding quotation, commencement preparation, construction process and completion and delivery.

Water conservancy dam plays a significant role in flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation, aquaculture, tourism, urban water supply and so on. The stability of the dam is extremely important in the engineering design and research processes. Based on the basic principles of finite difference and strength reduction methods, the software of FLAC3D is adopted to analyze the stability of the dam, considering the seepage state, the reservoir water level height and the seepage coefficient of the dam body. The results show that with the increase of the reservoir water level, the seepage behavior of the dam body is more obvious, and the horizontal displacement of the dam increases, while the dam slip safety factor is reduced. With the increase of the seepage coefficient of the dam body, the seepage discharge at the dam foot increases linearly, and the stability of the dam body decreases obviously. The seepage of dam foundation and dam slope stability is evaluated in this research. It is found that the reservoir water level and the dam body permeability are the important factors affecting the dam slope stability, so it is necessary to enhance the anti-seepage measures during the dam design and construction.

A well-verified two-dimensional mathematical model for vertical averaged flow was used to calculate the influence on the flow after the sedimentation dredging in Lushui Reservoir. The numerical simulation results shows that the influence of dredging works on the flow in the dredging reach is limited, and the influence is mainly concentrated in the local area near the dredging area, while the influence on the velocity flow pattern and the overall river regime in the main channel of the dredging reach is relatively small.

This article discusses the problem of excessive vertical vibration of head cover for Francis turbine installed in Baishi hydropower plant, including its treatment and effectiveness evaluation. In order to build the head cover model accurately, to successfully predict the natural frequencies of the head cover after reinforcement, and to control the resonance risk caused by the close proximity between the natural frequency of the head cover and the water pressure pulsation in the flow passage, the method of combining numerical simulation and experimental measurements is carried out. The results show that the natural frequencies of the reinforced head cover avoid main excitation frequencies of the Francis turbine, and the vertical vibration of the head cover is significantly reduced, with a maximum reduction of 73.6%.

The time-frequency distribution of near-fault pulsed ground motion is different from that of ordinary ground motion because of its long period, short duration and high energy acceleration pulse effect, which has a significant influence on the structure with long natural vibration period, such as isolated structure. In this paper, the pulse characteristics of near-fault seismic records and their influence on the seismic response of isolated layer and superstructure are studied by selecting near-fault pulsed seismic records and far-field common seismic records as external excitation. The results show that compared with the far-field ordinary seismic waves, the 3D Hilbert amplitude spectrum of near-fault pulsed seismic waves is distributed in the low frequency region and the middle and late time domain, and the amplitude is also larger. The first natural vibration frequency of the isolated structure is located at the peak of the power spectrum of the near fault pulse wave, which makes the seismic response of the isolated structure in the near fault pulse type seismic record obviously larger than that in the far field common seismic record. The intensity indexes Sa(T₁) and Sd(T₁) of near-fault pulsed ground motion are greater than those of ordinary ground motion. The relationship between them and structural seismic response should be studied in depth.

Many bridges collapsed due to the affection of flow, among which scouring has become one of the critical reasons that leads to flow-caused bridge damages and accidents, therefore the analysis of pier scour is of great benefit for the safety assessment of bridge engineering. Newly constructed bridges on the Fuhuan River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, are selected as the object of study. The scouring effect of flow on the bridge piers are evaluated, as shown in the calculation results, the existing design scheme can meet the bridge safety requirements.

Land cover classification is essential in urban sprawl. It helps the urban planners and the policy makers to understand their urban communities. Interactive supervised classification (ISC) function in ArcMap can produce land cover classification map. Based on the analysis and comparison of the accuracy of ISC map and land cover classification products, GLC, GLOBC, and MCD, ISC map has the highest user's accuracy in identifying developed urban area, forest, water body and crop/pasture, and highest overall accuracy, which provides efficient technical support for urban planning and decision-making.

The existence of noise will make the results of time-frequency analysis of blasting seismic wave lack of authenticity. In order to obtain the real blasting vibration characteristics, a method based on the complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and establishing objective function is proposed. The process of noise reduction is divided into three steps. Firstly, the noise signal is decomposed by the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, and the noise reduction algorithm is established based on the intrinsic mode function obtained from the decomposition; secondly, the objective function considering the smoothness of the noise reduction algorithm and its correlation with the measured signal is established; finally, the algorithm corresponding to the optimal solution of the objective function is found, which is the noise reduction model of blasting seismic wave signal. The model is applied to the de-noising of blasting seismic signal, and the de-noising ability of the model is analyzed by the noise reduction error ratio. The analysis results show that the model can reduce the noise of the seismic monitoring signal with noise on the premise of fully preserving the real components of the blasting seismic signal.

In order to ensure that the excavation of the foundation pit can proceed smoothly in complex environment, the deformation prediction is particularly important. Because the traditional model can not accurately predict the surface settlement when the external environment changes, so the PCA-NARX foundation pit settlement prediction model is proposed. The principal component analysis(PCA) method is used to analyze the main components that affect the surface settlement and use them as parts of the external input to dynamically predict the surface settlement. Combined with Beilong Lake Foundation Pit Project in Zhengzhou, the applicability and accuracy of the model are evaluated. The results show that: (1) Comparing with the prediction results of BPNN model, NAR model and NARX model, PCA-NARX model has higher accuracy, the mean square error is only 0.1677. (2) Comparing with NARX model without PCA method, PCA-NARX model can achieve higher accuracy in the same training time, and the accuracy is improved by 12.89%, so it is more effective to predict the surface settlement during excavation. (3) The prediction results of PCA-NARX at different monitoring points also performed well, which means that it can be applied to the prediction of other monitoring contents of the foundation pit.

Water resources are very important to our lives. Water is indispensable in our lives, and as the economy continues to rise, the demand for water from all walks of life is also increasing. However, due to various problems in the use of water resources in my country, many problems have arisen in the allocation of water resources. Through the introduction of water utilization and management, the article analyzes various difficulties in the process of water resources utilization, and proposes corresponding solutions to these problems, hoping to make my country's water resources scientifically used.

In the background of Hainan Province, this paper analyzes the dual impacts of ocean environmental control on manufacturing industrial structure upgrading and pollution Industry shift. Our studies shows that there exists a positive "U" relationship between marine environmental remediation and pollution industry migrate, industrial structure promotion. According to these two break points, the impact of ocean environmental protection on Hainan's industrial structure regulation can be classified into the following periods: double inhibition of shift and promotion, priority of transfer and twofold promotion of shift and upgrading. Hainan is in the stage of double inhibition. Besides, in the impact of ocean environmental control on manufacturing structure upgrading, technological innovation has intermediary effects in command control, economic incentives, chemical oxygen demand and so on. Yer, this influence does not show significance in the case of cyanide regulations and ammonia nitrogen.

It is of great importance to study the proper rock blasting damage constitutive model for the design of rock blasting excavation parameters and the damage assessment of retained rock. Therefore, on the basis of the classic KUS rock damage constitutive model which only involved tensile damage, considering the compression-shear damage of rock near the explosion source caused by extensive blasting load, an improved rock blasting damage constitutive model is established. Meanwhile, the distribution of rock damage zone of a single blasthole is calculated by dynamic finite element software based on the improved model, and the results show that the ratio of crushing zone radius to cartridge radius is between 4.3 and 4.6 under different charging radius, while the ratio of fracture zone radius to cartridge radius is between 78.9 and 83.8, which is close to the existing research results. Thus, the accuracy of the established constitutive model of rock blasting damage is verified.

In order to investigate the bonding performance between reactive powder concrete (RPC) and normal concrete (NC), nine groups of RPC-NC composite specimens were designed for double-sided shear based on the orthogonal test. The test parameters include interface roughness, RPC water binder ratio and steel fibre content. The results show that the roughness is the most important factor to affect the bond shear strength, followed by RPC water binder ratio, and steel fibre content has the least influence. In the range of 2.11mm ~ 6.01mm average sand filling depth, the bonding strength of RPC and NC with the same water binder ratio increases with the increase of interface roughness. The average bonding strength of 0.22 water binder ratio group is the highest, and it is 7.6% and 28.3% higher than that of 0.24 and 0.20 groups, respectively. Based on the test results, the prediction formula of the bond shear strength of RPC-NC considering the interface roughness and the water binder ratio of RPC is established.

The navigable clearance scale is a key factor in the selection of bridge type schemes on urban navigable rivers, especially in the case of limited clearance, the restriction of pier size and shape on navigation. In this paper, the impact of different pier structures on navigable flow is analyzed through the two-dimensional flow mathematical model simulation of new bridge section of a river. The results show that the shape optimization of square pier chamfer can reduce the transverse velocity of navigable flow; and the larger size of pier, the greater transverse velocity of navigable waters. Furthermore, the transverse velocity of the navigable flow is the smallest on the condition of the same width but round form of head pier structure. The new design can effectively solve the contradiction between bridge navigation and landscape construction on urban navigable river, and provide a variety of options for bridge construction.

In this paper, according to the special environmental characteristics of South Xinjiang, the circulation heating pipe is designed and its hydraulic characteristics are analyzed by hydraulic numerical calculation, which lays the foundation for field test. According to the characteristics of high heat collection, low heat dissipation and easy installation, the material, single tube structure and general layout of the circulation drying tube are designed.

The world's hydropower has experienced considerable development. With the coming of the post hydropower era, the business of new projects will gradually decrease, and meanwhile, the business of hydropower station renovation and dam maintenance will gradually increase. This paper introduces the methodology and the finding of the underwater investigation, analyses the upstream face stability and recommends solutions of rehabilitation for a built 40 years' and 6 km long embankment dam in Africa, aiming to provide a reference for similar projects of dam maintenance.

The quality of wind environment is closely related to the comfort of outdoor space, and the wind environment is an important factor affecting outdoor activities of urban residents in winter. Taking the old Sanlihe Community in Beijing as an example, this paper uses the PHOENICS simulation software to simulate the outdoor wind environment of the community in winter in a physical way, analyse problems existing in the outdoor environment in a more scientific way, and put forward optimization suggestions, so as to provide an objective basis for future practical transformation.

As a new type of environmental protection foundation, micropile has the advantages of convenient construction, small floor area, and has a broad application prospect. This paper takes a power supply project of a traction station in Sichuan as an example, and uses ABAQUS numerical analysis software to simulate the micro-pile foundation of the project site, then the influence of pile length and pile diameter on the bearing capacity of micro piles is analyzed. Combined with the load-bearing requirements of the transmission line for the foundation, it is believed that the micro-pile foundation in the plateau mountain area is prone to damage due to failure to meet the pull-out requirements. The research results provide a reference for the design and application of the micro-pile project in the plateau mountain area in the future.

On the basis of chloride diffusion model, the time-varying and randomness of chloride diffusion in concrete are considered, Based on the reliability method, the service life of cross sea bridge structure can be predicted by the double cycle iteration of reliability and service life, and the service life of concrete of cross sea bridge structure can be directly calculated by the double iteration. In order to reduce the iterative calculation, through the improvement of the time iteration strategy, the tangent slope is replaced by the cut line slope, which not only makes the iterative convergence fast and accurate, but also solves the problem of service life and It is difficult to derive the implicit function of reliability.

Damage and crack of gravity dams under earthquakes directly affect the dam's safety. Ultra-high performance concrete has high strength and durability. Whether to replace steel bars for seismic reinforcement becomes the focus of consideration. In the paper, the plastic damage model of ultra-high-performance concrete is established. Taking the gravity dam section as an example, referring to the design concept of the "gold coated silver" gravity dam, three different forms of seismic-reinforced schemes of ultra-high-performance concrete in weak areas of the dam are presented and analyze damage time histories. The calculation results show that the application of ultra-high performance concrete for reinforcement can greatly reduce the damage of the dam and improve the seismic performance of the dam. The study suggests that proper reinforcement measure can be taken according to the conditions of dams.

In view of the problem of inconsistent air-conditioning delivery and uneven distribution of vertical space humidity in a rocket testworkshop at a coastal launch site, this paper analyzes the cause and mechanism of the problem based on the characteristics of high space air distribution, test plant structure and air-conditioning system. And puts forward the specific measures such as adjusting high-rise space air delivery target, optimizing the air-conditioning control strategy and improving the unit's dehumidification capacity. These measures provide support for the solution of the problem and the optimal design and transformation of air-conditioning.

A new structure of self-centering buckling restrained brace was proposed. The finite element model was established by ABAQUS software. The mechanical failure mechanism of this kind of self-centering buckling restrained brace was studied. The influence of the parameters such as the area of self-centering reinforcement and the sectional area of core tube on its hysteretic performance and self-centering ability was analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the area of the reset reinforcement, the hysteretic curve of the brace is more pinched, and the self-centering ability is increased by 46%; it was suggested that the weakening degree of the cross-sectional area of the core tube should not exceed 50%.

Installation of upstream and downstream surge chamber is a significant and feasible measure for peak pressure control in the hydropower system with long water diversion and drainage tunnel. This paper presents a study on the fluctuation stability with such a measure. For this system, a complete mathematical model including diversion pipeline, upstream surge tank, hydraulic turbine and downstream surge tank was developed, calculating the hydraulic transition characteristics and analyzing the fluctuation stability with different surge tank cross areas. The calculation shows that, the hydropower system with upstream and downstream surge chamber, can also be stable even if the surge tank cross area is smaller than the calculated value. In practice, in the condition of meeting the stability requirement, multiple schemes should be calculated in order to find out the minimum areas to reduce project investment.

Based on the characteristics of the river regime, sediment deposition and the distribution of hydrological stations in Lushui reservoir, a depth-averaged two-dimensional flow mathematical model is established in this paper. Then based on the filed data observed at the hydrological station networks in the reservoir, the mathematical model was verified and calculated. The validation simulation results show that the mathematical model can well reflect the flow movement in the studied reach, and this will provide a good technical support for the influence of sedimentation dredging in the reservoir area.

Understanding the effects of land use on processes governing water quality is important for watershed planning and management. This study evaluated the difference in pollution factors due to land use in Liangjiang New Area. Water samples were collected in April (dry season) and September (wet season) of 2014 and 2015 at 20 subcatchments. According to the similarity in land use compositions, cluster analysis divided subcatchments into four land use groups, representing different urbanization levels. The factor analysis identified five pollution factors which explained more than 80% of the variance in data, and revealed nutrients pollutions, anaerobic conditions, soil erosion, effects of eutrophication and oxygen consumption in the rivers, respectively. Using the analysis of principal component scores, we found that the magnitudes of pollution factors were significantly different among the land use groups. Moreover, urban land use had a significantly positive relationship with pollution factors, whereas forest land and farmland displayed opposite effects.

Prefabricated building is the new construction method of technical reform and upgrading in China's construction industry. The construction of prefabricated buildings involves the production, transportation and hoisting of large prefabricated components. Due to the difficulty in handling large prefabricated components, lacking of prefabricated building construction experience of workers, insufficient management guidelines for prefabricated building, there are a large number of hazard sources in the new production environment. This paper is to identify hazard sources relating to prefabricated components which exist in four stages of production, transportation, on-site storage, and installation. Firstly, we used the method of literature study to initially identify the hazard sources of prefabricated buildings; then, expert investigation was applied and Entropy Weight Method was used to evaluate the severity of hazard sources; finally, significant hazard sources at each stage were identified and countermeasures were put forward for the prevention of accidence. This study enriches the theoretical research on prefabricated building safety management and provides references for the prevention of prefabricated building safety risks.

The growth of horticultural crops is directly affected by the airflow environment in plant factories. In this experiment, a three-dimensional model was established for an indoor artificial light plant factory using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the airflow field distribution in the plant factory, the measured value and the simulated value of air velocity were in good agreement, only 10% of the cultivation area was in the range of suitable growth air velocity. The optimization design of airflow field in the plant factory will be developed.

Aiming at the characteristics of multi-layer structure of roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam and the complicated combination of layers, the three-dimensional calculation of the structure of RCC dam adopts the multi-layer elastoplastic constitutive model. The influence of various parameters of RCC dam deterioration on the strength of the dam body was analyzed in detail. The Latin hypercube algorithm was used to randomly sample each material parameter. The sensitivity of the degraded interlayer parameters was studied based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. To solve the simulation The non-stationary randomness of the degradation process, the introduction of the impact factor attenuation function to smooth the degradation, the establishment of a time-varying model of material parameter degradation, and on the basis of the strength reduction coefficient method, the degradation driving level of the RCC dam is calculated. Through the research results, it is possible to focus on monitoring the relevant aspects of the dam during operation, take relevant measures in real time, and feedback on the design and construction plan, which is of great significance for the research on the stability of the RCC dam against sliding.

Aiming to the problem of free face not only affect the blasting effects but also the blasting vibration affects, an analytical method of exploring the free face' influences of the blasting vibration and the attenuation law of seismic wave is proposed. Taking the field monitoring data of underwater blasting seismic wave between the river reach of the Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam as the study object, utilize the wavelet analysis and decompose method to research the blasting vibration signal's total energy and energy distribution characteristics in variety of frequency band on different free face. The results indicated that underwater drilling blasting vibration has the characteristic of low frequency, short duration and fast attenuation. Most of the energy of the explosion will be consumed as seismic energy in the slotted blasting due to the restricted of a single free face. However, after the subsequent excavation blasting, the free face number increases but the total energy of blasting vibration and PPV decreases. Therefore, in addition to the usual seismic mitigation measures of underwater drilling and blasting, the number of free faces can be increased to achieve the effect of shock absorption control without reducing section charge.

Micro-energy network realizes the complementary of distributed energy production according to the characteristics of users' energy demand and local resource conditions. In order to realize the efficient operation of micro-energy network group, this paper proposed an optimal power transfer model based on Mutual Energy Supporting Pattern in micro-energy network group. The concept of micro-energy network is given and the basic structure of micro-energy network group based on the interconnection of external energy hubs is first established. Then, the micro-energy network model of internal energy hub and optimal power transfer model is established. The optimal power transfer model of micro-energy network group is subdivided into two kinds of operation modes, the internal cooperation mode and the synergy cooperation mode. The internal cooperation mode is to address the problem of energy shortage at the micro-energy network, while the synergy cooperation mode is to solve the problem through the coordination of multiple energy hubs in the micro-energy network group. Finally, the model is validated by a system including electricity, gas, heat/cooling load and external energy hub.

Under the upsurge of beautiful rural construction and "toilet revolution", the public toilets in rural areas have made remarkable achievements in environmental health, but it is still poor in micro space quality and aesthetic sense, and homogenization causes serious local deficiencies. Therefore, this paper selects Daoming bamboo art village in Chongzhou city and Chuanxi Music Linpan in Dujiangyan city of China as the research areas. Starting from the micro space of public toilet in Linpan integrating industry and tourism, On the basis of defining the concept of the micro space, this paper uses Likert scale method to acquire the local evaluation of local villagers, tourists and business operators on the micro space, and applies factor analysis method to verify the evaluation five-dimension of the micro space, including humanistic care, cultural heritage, landscape optimization, spatial design and functional innovation. The results show that the respondents have a high recognition of the local landscape of the micro space, but it is believed that there are still deficiencies in terms of humanistic care, functional innovation, spatial design and cultural heritage. It aims at providing a reference for the local evaluation and creation of the micro space of Linpan, so as to help the protection of Linpan in Western Sichuan.

This paper analyzes the spatial distribution and change of domestic water in the economic belt of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, understands the influence of LUCC process on domestic water, and provides a scientific basis for sustainable utilization and management of domestic water in arid areas. In this paper, the conventional linear fitting method is used to analyze the temporal and spatial change trend of domestic water use and the impact of land use change on it in 1989-2017 in the northern slope of Tianshan economic belt. The results show that from 1990 to 2018, the area of urban and rural industrial and mining residential areas increased by 1734km², the population increased by 158.58 × 10⁴, the total domestic water consumption increased from 125 × 10⁶m³ in 1989 to 398 × 10⁶m³ in 2017, and the per capita domestic water consumption also increased rapidly, especially in urban areas. The spatial difference between per capita domestic water consumption and total domestic water consumption in the whole year is obvious. It can be seen that the LUCC process has an important impact on the change of domestic water consumption.

In order to study the axial compression performance of spatial steel truss confined concrete composite columns, the finite element software ABAQUS was used to establish the spatial steel truss confined concrete composite column models. The stress and strain states of the steel truss and core concrete in the composite column are analysed. Then, the influence of parameters such as angle steel size, the spacing and arrangement of steel plate, and strength of the concrete on the axial compression mechanical performance and restraining effect of the spatial steel truss confined concrete are discussed. The research results show that the spatial steel truss can exert a good restraining effect on the core concrete. At the same time, the spacing of steel plate is the key factor that affects the restraining effect of the spatial steel truss on the core concrete.

In order to provide a theoretical basis for real-time flood control, reduce the flood disaster in the lower reaches of Jinsha River and the upstream Yangtze River (the section in Sichuan Province, also known as the Chuanjiang River), as well as alleviate flood control pressure of the downstream Three Gorges Project flood encounter characteristics between the lower reaches of Jinsha River and the Chuanjiang River were discussed in detail based on Copula Function Method. AIC criterion and OLS criterion were applied in the paper to evaluate the fitting effect of four Archimedean Copula function models, and Frank Copula function with the best effect was selected for the flood encounter analysis subsequently. The result shows that: the proportion of the maximum 3d, 7d, 15d, 30d flood volume of the lower reaches of Jinsha River in the composition of the Chuanjiang River increases in sequence. Frank Copula function has very small errors in the flood encounter problems of the lower reaches of Jinsha River and Chuanjiang River, with higher credibility, its calculation results are consistent with the flood encounter laws of the two rivers. The frequency of occurrence of the largest flood peak in the two rivers in different months is significantly different. The co-occurrence probability of floods with peak flow greater than 50-year flood for the two rivers is 0.15%. Therefore, by taking full advantages of the flood co-occurrence characteristics, it's extremely practicable to reduce not only the flood control pressure of Chuanjiang River but also the downstream Yangtze with the cascade reservoir operation in the lower reaches of Jinsha River.

In this paper, the dynamic monitoring of soil erosion on sloping farmland was systematically summarized and analyzed from the two aspects of research methods and monitoring techniques. In terms of monitoring methods, the main methods are field runoff monitoring test plot observation, indoor and outdoor artificial simulated rainfall observation and water flushing test observation. In terms of monitoring technology, there are mainly contact monitoring technologies such as steel brazing, erosion needle and element tracing, and non-contact monitoring technologies such as three-dimensional laser technology, close range photogrammetry and model simulation prediction. Among them, the field runoff monitoring test plot observation method can obtain the natural soil erosion on the slope, the artificial simulated rainfall and water flushing test can realize the human controlled soil erosion monitoring test on the slope, and the test data has better availability and controllability. In terms of monitoring technology, 3d laser and close-range photogrammetric reconstruction technology have prominent advantages in dynamic monitoring of soil erosion on slope surface, which provides a new monitoring means and ideas for soil erosion monitoring on sloping farmland.

In order to accurately evaluate the stability of the present situation of the soil site, considering that the stability of the soil site is affected by its own structural characteristics and the external environment, the multiple factors affecting the stability of the soil site are determined, and the stability evaluation system of the soil site is constructed. The evaluation system is divided into three levels: target level, three primary levels and fifteen secondary levels, and four evaluation levels. Firstly, the weight value of the soil site stability evaluation index was determined by AHP, and the rationality of the evaluation index was verified by consistency test. Based on the expert experience and two kinds of ridge type membership functions, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of soil site stability at three levels and two stages was established. Finally, combined with the analysis of engineering examples, it is shown that the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is an effective method for the stability evaluation of soil sites, which can not only achieve the dual goals of safety, reliability and economic rationality, but also provide a basis for the selection of soil site disease control schemes.

By analyzing the lightning protection and grounding requirements of the respective systems of the communication base station and the power tower, the impact of the towers on their respective systems is analyzed. By establishing a simulation calculation model of the shared tower's grounding grid, a mature algorithm is used to analyze the current distribution of the typical shared tower. And ground potential distribution, so as to obtain the degree of influence of the equipment when the respective system is struck by lightning. According to the impact, the lightning protection grounding technical requirements and common scheme of the shared iron tower are proposed.

Using survey data of Pb in water body from southeast of Jiaozhou Bay to west of bay mouth, in August 1992 and according to the horizontal change model and the vertical change model of matter content put forward by authors, we calculate the horizontal loss amount, vertical diluted amount and vertical sediment amount of Pb in surface and bottom layer and determine the model diagram of Pb content horizontal and vertical changes. The results showed that in water body from southeast of Jiaozhou Bay to west of bay mouth in August, the absolutely horizontal loss amount of Pb content in surface layer and bottom layer was 4.32 - 5.29μg/L, and the relatively horizontal loss amount of Pb content was 28.01 - 38.23%. The absolutely vertical sediment amount of Pb was 6.61 - 7.58μg/L in both surface and bottom layer, and the relatively vertical sediment amount was 40.14 - 48.63%. In the surface water in August, the main sea current carrying Pb content moved through a ring of nearshore water when the Pb content in the surface and bottom layer deposited to the seabed in large quantities. During the horizontal migration of Pb content in the surface and bottom waters, the loss amount of Pb content in the surface layer and bottom layer reached almost 30.00% and that in the surface layer even reached almost 40.00%. It revealed that the high content Pb on the surface could rapidly and continuously settle to the seabed almost 30.00% of the Pb content in the water remained at the bottom of Jiaozhou Bay. In August, in the process of vertical migration, the Pb content transported by main sea current was relatively high. From the waters in the southeast of the bay to the waters in the west of bay mouth, the vertical sediment amount of Pb content in the surface and bottom increased from 40.14% to 48.63%, and the deposition of high Pb content accumulated in the seabed of Jiaozhou Bay.

The deformation characteristics of geotechnical materials are very important for improving the safety of highways. To determine the reliability and detection accuracy of the falling ball tester, the paper uses standard method and falling ball tester to measure the dynamic elastic modulus of standard components, PPR. The theoretical result is obtained by measuring the dynamic elastic modulus of the one-dimensional member with the single-side reflection method. To calculate the Poisson's ratio, the transmission method is used to measure the P wave velocity of PPR that is 3 dimensional. In the falling ball tests, two excitation hammers with a diameter of 0.05m and 0.06m are used to measure the dynamic elastic modulus of PPR. By comparing the theoretical results with the values obtained by D50 and D60, it is found that more accurate results can be obtained by D60.

The characteristics of floods in a river and their classification are of great significance for the flood control, risk reduction and water resources utilization as well. This paper investigates the classification of floods in the lower basin of the Jinsha River based on flood area composition analysis and Fuzzy C-means Clustering Algorithm. The results show that the floods in the lower basin of the Jinsha River are divided into upstream type, interval type and tributary type according to their regional compositions; the three types of floods are divided into two categories according to their intensity and morphological indicators using fuzzy C-means. The flood classification of the lower reaches of Jinshajiang River in this study laid a foundation for the formulation of the joint operation rules of the cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of Jinshajiang River, and the flood control standard of Yibin City could be raised to prevent 100-year flood approximate through the joint operation of the cascade reservoirs, additionally, it is of great importance to recognize the flood inflow as well as their control for the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Fissure density is an important evaluation indicator of the degree of fissure development for fissure soils, which is not easily measured by traditional methods. A new statistical method based on Visual Basic programming was proposed to calculate fissure density. The basic principle of this method is to convert colour pixels into black-white pixels based on brightness calculation, and then calculate the fissure density according to the proportion of black-white pixels. Through the above methods, the statistics of the fissure density and fissure area of shrinkage soil sample can be realized.

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the closed plant factory has been developed in this study, the experimental validation of CFD model with the air velocity value was compared with the measured air temperature value. The results showed that the mean relative error of validation with the air velocity was 15%, and comparable with experimentally observed air temperature profile inside the plant factory with RMSE of 3% which shows the utility of CFD to study plant factory microclimatic parameters.

Traditional multi-surface plastic model always overestimates the accumulated plastic strain when it is applied into sandy soil under cyclic loading. Considering this overestimation can be reflected through equivalent damping ratio of the hysteretic loop and the damping ratio can also include the real anisotropic plastic hardening which is simply considered in kinematic hardening rule and isotropic hardening rule, series of strain-controlled cyclic simple shear tests were conducted to obtain the relationship between correction coefficient of hardening rule and initial state including initial effective, then a modified cyclic multi-surface plastic model was established by regarding the subsequent hysteretic loop as the new first loop with a new initial state which is the state at the start of the fourth quarter of the previous loop, thus, the plastic hardening formula can be upgraded in the process of loading.

In order to realize the long-lasting corrosion protection of the steel structure of service tower in a coastal launch site under C5-M corrosion environment, a five-layer heavy anti-corrosion system with hot spray zinc aluminum alloy as the base, and the supporting process and control requirements are put forward. And this paper studied on the difficult problems encountered in the site construction process, such as the high requirements of pre-treatment of substrate surfaces, difficulty of the protection of finished products and difficulty of coating process control. The actual construction shows that the proposed measures are limited, the coating effect is good, and the research results can guide the anti-corrosion construction.

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) grid is a kind of two-way fiber material. Its transverse reinforcement and longitudinal reinforcement have the same physical characteristics. Experiments on the reinforced concrete one-way slabs strengthened by FRP grid were conducted to study the influences of bonding area and FRP anchors on its flexural performance. The results showed that the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete one-way slabs strengthened by FRP grid is increased by 7% - 21%. FRP grid can effectively slow down the crack expanding, increases the stiffness and improve the flexural behavior of the slab.

Xiakou Xiangxi River Bridge is located in the upstream of the Three Gorges reservoir area. It is a (90+238) m single tower, Leaning Tower central cable surface mixed beam cable-stayed bridge. Its main span adopts a cross the river to meet navigation and flood control needs. The main concrete beam and the steel box girder of the main span are of large-angle inclined web box section with cantilever flange. The steel and mixed surface is at 11.05m across the bridge tower. The full width of the bridge deck is 25.5m. This bridge adopts the oblique "pipa" shaped main tower, the height of the main tower is 126m, composed of the upper tower column, the lower tower column, diaphragm and so on. The tower body deviates from the vertical surface of the bridge by 10° and leans towards the bank side. The foundation of the main tower is an integral pile foundation of the pile bearing platform. 2×17×2 high-strength parallel steel wire stay cables are used to arrange the fan-shaped space cable surface.

With the background of the construction of the Loushan Tunnel, Flac3D software was used to simulate three different expanding excavation sequence schemes. The simulation results were compared and selected, and it determined that Scheme3 is the best scheme. In the construction site, tunnel vault settlement and hance convergence were measured and compared with the simulation results. Conclusions are as follows: ①The final vertical displacement of Scheme.1 was greater than that of Scheme.2 and Scheme.3. In scheme 2, the horizontal displacement of the middle-upper part of the tunnel increased sharply after the excavation of the upper-right part. The maximum bending moment of the supporting structure of Scheme.3 was smaller than that of the other two schemes. In addition, the maximum bending moment in the whole process of expanding excavation transited smoothly, and it fluctuated the most in Scheme.2; ②When the upper-left part is expanded, the vertical displacement and bending moment of the supporting structure of the three schemes all increase greatly. In the actual construction, the most unfavorable factor is that the settlement detection value of the vault increases rapidly after the expanding excavation of the upper-left part; ③The construction sequence adopts Scheme.3, the settlement value & convergence value becomes more and more stable about 7 after excavation, the accumulated settlement value is 17.146mm, and the accumulated convergence value is 14.512mm. The field data is close to the simulated data, no accidents occur in the construction process, and no abnormal phenomena are found in the monitoring and measurement process.

Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both. Since the permeability coefficient of the dam material of the earth-rock dam directly affects the seepage flow of the dam, in order to improve the accuracy of retrieving the permeability coefficient from the measured value of the seepage flow, the empirical mode decomposition method (EMD) is used to monitor the actual seepage flow of the weir. After decomposition, multiple sets of intrinsic modal functions (IMF) were generated to fit the relationship between water level and seepage flow; then the finite element software was used to calculate the seepage flow corresponding to the randomly distributed infiltration parameters at different water levels in order to the RVM model performs inverse analysis on the permeability coefficient. The training sample group is constructed by finite element calculation, the calculated seepage volume of the sample group is used as the input value, and the corresponding permeability coefficient is used as the output value. Based on EMD-RVM, a nonlinear mapping relationship between the permeability coefficient and seepage volume of each section of the face rockfill dam is established. Using the model inversion, the results show that the EMD-RVM model has high inversion accuracy and is significantly higher than the conventional RVM model and GA-BP model. The infiltration pressure of the face rockfill dam can be calculated from the inversion result of the permeability coefficient, and the error with the measured value is small, which verifies the feasibility of the model.

In order to seek suitable reinforcement measures for disaster control of structures spanning the ground cracks in high-intensity areas, a shaking table test of a five-story frame structure model spanning the ground cracks and being supported was designed according to the scale of 1:15. ABAQUS software was used to establish the calculation model of the frame structure before and after reinforcement, and the results were compared with the results of the shaking table test. The reinforcement model was analyzed from the dynamic characteristics, acceleration, displacement and strain of the structure. Therefore, the proposed disaster control and reinforcement method is feasible. The results of this study can provide a reference for the reinforcement of this kind of straddle-crack structure.

A multi-layer irregular reinforced concrete frame structure in the 8-degree area is taken as the research object, and the working principle and hysteretic model of the friction pendulum bearing (FPB) are explained in detail. With the help of SAP2000 finite element software, a friction pendulum isolation model and its corresponding non-isolation model were established. Plastic hinge constitutive models were defined at both ends of the beams and columns of the RC frame structure, and 100 sets of two-way elastoplastic time history analysis of ground motion are carried out by using dynamic time history method. The results show that: under rare earthquakes, the seismic response of interlayer displacement, interlayer shear, interlayer torque and interlayer torsion angle of the structure after friction pendulum isolation is significantly reduced. Among them, the maximum torsional angle of the base-isolated structure is reduced by nearly 60% compared to the maximum inter-layer torsional angle of the non-isolated structure, and the torque of the first-layer base-isolated structure is reduced by nearly 74.1% compared to the torque of the non-isolated structure, which can prevent serious torsional damage under rare earthquakes and ensure the safety of the structure.