Table of contents

This paper analyzes the performance of systems for removal of sludge from the drilling mud. It shows that the solid-phase particle-size distribution, which depends on the mineral composition and the physico-mechanical properties of rock, the drilling mud process parameters and the type of the rock cutter, as well as the drilling parameters affect the performance of vibrating screens, hydrocyclones, and centrifuges. The paper proposes upgrading the cleaning system by installing a second layer of fine-meshed sieve cassettes where hydrocyclones discharge their output. This improvement reduces the unproductive drilling time.

Shows the distribution and patterns of placement of gemstone raw materials deposits of Primorsky Krai. Mineragenic zoning of the territory was carried out. The taxononomic units of different hierarchical levels are taken as the basis. The province is taken as the largest unit. The selected Far Eastern province includes the Sikhote-Alin sub-province and the Primorsk region, including the Upper-Bureya, Upper-Anyuy, Bikin, Dalnerechenskaya, Ussuri and Coastal mineragenic zones. The characteristic of ore regions with known deposits and promising manifestations of noble opal, sapphire, zircon, chrysolite, agate and garnet, which constitute the mineral and raw material base of colored stones of the Russian Federation, is given.

Magnetic properties, structure, and phase composition of samples of ferruginous rocks from the Zhamanshin meteorite crater have been investigated. X-ray phase analysis, microscopy and magnetometry have revealed that studied rocks can be considered as a fine-grained polymictic sandstone which undergone significant alteration. All samples appear highly ferruginous, with cement of goethite with small particles of the matrix. Detrital grains are quartz, feldspar, rarely mica, as well as monazite, ilmenite, zircon, and cassiterite in accessory quantities. Inclusions of glass, probably of impact origin, with low silica, high alumina, and high iron content have also been encountered. A characteristic feature of goethite is the presence of Mn and a pronounced zonal structure manifesting itself in an increased Al content. Intergrowths and druses of authigenic magnetite are found in voids and cracks; magnetite however appears completely by iron (hydr)oxides. These observations generally agree with the paleogeographic data, and suggest that the crater and its vicinity experienced significant changes of the redox regime in the post-impact time.

The article presents the prospects of using biogas fuel. Mathematical model of processes proceeding at the gas purification in amine installation unit has been developed. A software package has been proposed that allows to determine the quantitative yield of methane, design and thermal insulation characteristics of a biogas reactor by anthropogenic load. We determine the main parameters and energy efficiency of the biogas plant for the conditions of the Saratov, efficiency of energy-saving measures at the biogas fuel usage is shown. The practical significance of the work lies in the use of the developed model in the design of anaerobic reactors on polygon of residential solid waste (RSW), small settlements and microdistricts distant from other sources of energy supply.

The article is devoted to a computational experiment on forecasting the thermal interaction of a group of gas wells and permafrost. In connection with the spread of cluster drilling, it becomes necessary to study the thermal effect of a cluster of wells on frozen soils in the specific conditions of Central Yakutia. As input data for the numerical survey, field data on thermal logging, production rates, physicochemical properties of gas, rock properties and parameters of the developed deposits were used. Quantitative results were obtained on the extent and pattern of thawing of frozen rocks in the vicinity of the group of wells, and on well operation modes. The results of the work can be used in planning the development of gas fields in the considered area.

The results of research on dissolution kinetics of petroleum paraffins and asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) of the paraffin type in aliphatic, aliphatic-aromatic, and aliphatic-naphthenic-aromatic systems within the temperature range from 10 to 60° C have been discussed. The half-life periods, order of reactions, dissolution rate constants and activiation energy of destruction of paraffins and ARPD have been calculated. Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the phase transitions of petroleum and commercial paraffins in aliphatic and mixed hydrocarbon solvents. Based on the conducted research, recommendations for selection of an effective solvent to remove paraffin deposits at low temperatures of reservoirs have been proposed.

Electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing household waste flows. This is due to the raising popularity of electronic devices and ICT in human life coupled with their rapid obsolescence, which means that not only broken, but also fully intact devices quickly become useless. Electronic devices turn into waste while still usable because they no longer meet consumer requirements.

Safety at work is an important factor in the successful operation of an enterprise. In practice, it is quite difficult to achieve safety at work, but there exist all necessary conditions for this. The article considers the role of the systematic management of an enterprise, which helps to ensure safety at all stages of the production life cycle. In the paper, we discuss the system of organizational culture that supports the management system, the concept of safety culture and how it can be implemented. Also in this study, we discuss the history of systematic safety management drawing on the experience of mining enterprises in the Irkutsk Region. The article contains practical research and calculated data on the evaluation of safety culture at such enterprises as Angasolsky Crushed Stone Plant, Pereval Quarry, and the stone-cutting production of Baikalquartzsamotsvety OJSC. The article concludes with a discussion of how to achieve high safety culture at these enterprises taking into account the regulatory environment that can encourage the development of the systematic safety culture management without this being a burden for organizations.

The present article deals with the problems of drying kinetics with regard to ill-conditioned alumina. Relations of removed moisture quantity and alumina trial retention interval are determined as well as moisture residual quantity in the alumina on the retention interval. The paper materials prove the possibility of alumina acquisition taking into consideration its prolonged transportation to the Russian intracontinental plants and a considerable amount of crystallized moisture, up to 1% or more, and the corresponding growth of the fluorhydric acid quantity being released into the atmosphere. The investigations of fluorhydric acid releasing into the atmosphere were carried out.

The proposed study is interdisciplinary and is based on the use of methods of technical diagnostics in relation to non-man-made objects. Previously developed method of indirect assessment of the degree of the stress state of rocks according to seismic data allowed us to offer two earthquake's short-term precursors that have been applied for the purposes of the operative forecast. For this purpose, the wave forms of noise measured by seismic stations before the earthquake during and after the anomalous values of the precursors were used. Post-monitoring of preparation of five earthquakes is carried out.

The effect of aliphatic and heterocyclic amines on the selective oxidation reaction of alcohols by the catalytic system 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-acetylamino-TEMPO) - iodine was researched. Diethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (pKa 11.01-11.12 ) and pyridine, 4-acetylpyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline ( pKa 4.8-5.4) were used for research. An almost waste-free method was developed for preparation esters from aliphatic alcohols by oxidizing in a two-phase medium CH₂Cl₂ - an aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ by a two-mediator 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl - iodine catalytic system, which allows selective oxidation alcohols in one stage. The results of the study may find application in the chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry, since the developed method is environmentally and economically beneficial, and the oxidation of alcohols in order to obtain various carbonyl and carboxyl compounds in these industries is one of the priority areas.

The present research is based on recording method of soil temperature surveys and underlying quaternary deposits. All surveys were conducted over two key areas as follows: first area is located within the boundaries of Northern taiga landscapes of Western Siberia (Siberian ridges - thermal wells 1, 2, 3 и 8); the second area belongs to middle-taiga landscapes of Western Siberia (Sredneobskaya lowland – thermal wells 4, 5, 5a, 6, 7). All temperature data obtained within the boundaries of key areas was measured by thermal logger DS1921G-F5 for the depths within range of 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 1 m and by another thermal logger DS1921Z-F5 for the depths within range of 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 6 m, 8 m. The average annual temperature of years 2015-2016 observation period of thermal well 5a (technogenic site) is 8,3 °C for the whole range of depths and considered to be higher by 3,8 °C then average annual temperature recordings of thermal well 5 and, at the same time, considered to be higher by 4,2 °C then recordings of thermal well 6, which belongs to natural bog landscape. The abovementioned data was confirmed by recordings of years 2015-2016 with the difference of 4,8 °C for thermal well 5 and 3,7 °C for thermal well 6. A slightly higher temperature was indicated for the soils underlying anthropogenic objects in correlation to natural, not induced by man-made impact biogenic soils and this fact affects natural processes. The results of the present research indicates that the most warm soils are illuvial-ferrugenous. This type of soil warms up quite well at the top portion of the profile (horizons O, E) and stating from the depth of 40 cm the temperature goes down to 0 °C. Black dirt oligotrophic soils are having good warming up abilities. It can keep and increase positive temperature with increasing depth. A slight temperature decrees refers to level of paludal-lacustrine basin of 30–40 cm.. are having good warming up abilities and can keep positive temperature at depth. Alluvial soddy soils of the first key area (floodplain of the Gluboky Sabun River) are considered to be the coldest soils based on the results of the conducted observations. The annual average temperature in this type of soil for the time period of years 2010 to 2017 is about1,2 °C.

Development of combined data collection system of the sea wave parameters using automated ground and underwater-based complexes is presented. An algorithm for determining the wave height using contact and non-contact methods was developed and presented. Contact methods of data collection of the wave height are used to verify the results obtained from the non-contact method (for example, radar station). A complex testing method of the combined data collection system also was developed and presented. Experimental studies of a combined system for collecting data on the state of the sea surface on the territory of Sakhalin Island have been carried out.

This paper identifies large-scale offloading stations and analyzes the process of emptying cars with breakdown by rolling-stock composition and by owners; it also tracks changes in the number of empty cars with breakdown by owners at dedicated stations and at destination stations. The research identifies the primary groups of cars that can be routed for exit. Thus, it produces criteria for optimizing the routing of empty cars and improving the operating performance for OAO RZD.

The analysis of the accident and industrial injury statistics shows that the majority of accidents and industrial accidents (more than 70%) are caused by the mistakes of the operational personnel servicing the hazardous production facilities connected with violation of requirements of the organization and production of hazardous works. One of the priority directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety till 2025 is the development of industrial safety culture, awareness of personal responsibility for a condition of industrial safety, formation of the intolerant relation to violations of safety requirements, in particular, due to implementation of scientific and technical achievements and the best practices. This study proposed a new approach to ensuring safety on objects of fuel and energy complex establishing rules of conducting the behavioral safety audit (BSA), assessment of identified hazardous actions and use of preventive measures. Within approbation of this new approach to safety ensuring we have made the procedure of mathematical processing of results of 264 conducted BSA on one of gas transmission companies. Implementation of approach boosts safety culture of production, prevention of the industrial accidents and accidents caused by unsafe behaviour and actions of workers.

The physicochemical and absorption properties of the new sorbent obtained by mixing finely ground 100 g of Portland cement - 500, 100 g of the molded glass of the Astrakhan region with 100 cm3 of 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution and forming granules of the required size (from 0.5 to 5 cm in diameter), the formed mass after setting and hardening is placed in running water and maintained until the water has a negative reaction to chloride ion, after drying at 80-850 ° C, the granules are placed in a 40% aqueous solution of diethanolamine (DEA) for 1 h, then the granules are transferred to a sieve, wherein the excess of DEA is removed, and the granules are dried in a stream of air (fan) at 20 - 400 C. From the physico-mechanical characteristics, the main ones are defined as follows: bulk density, water resistance, vibration wear, mechanical crush strength at T 105 ° and 300 ° C, conditional mechanical strength, abradability, grindability and particle size distribution. These indicators are interrelated and allow you to predict changes in the strength characteristics of adsorbents and sorption-filtering materials in the processes of their long-term operation. Experiments have shown that the sorbent strongly adsorbs DEA and DEA salts, which are not destroyed by water and are not diluted with acid solutions. Sorbent is used to purify atmospheric air from acidic gases and water vapor, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and microorganisms. The results indicate high sorption properties of the sorbent, which allows purifying atmospheric air from acidic gases to below 0.01 MPC.

Above-ground laying of field and main oil and gas pipelines is one of the most common methods in the conditions of the North and permafrost soils, as well as at the intersection of ravines, canals, small rivers, in rocky soils, in areas of mine workings and landslides. Under the influence of wind, above-ground pipelines can experience oscillations whose frequency is usually equal to the frequency of the fundamental tone of free oscillations. Oscillations occur not only along, but also across the wind flow. The amplitude of oscillations across the flow is greater than the amplitude of vibration along the flow. At certain values of wind speed, the amplitude of oscillations increases sharply. As a rule, when designing, in calculating the distances between the supports, in most cases this phenomenon is not taken into account and the conditions for the occurrence of aerodynamic resonance when the natural frequencies of the pipeline oscillations and the frequency of vortex formation are close are not checked. In the paper the maximum allowable distances between the supports of various above-ground pipelines are determined taking into account the detuning from wind resonance from the condition of a certain critical wind speed.

Assessment of soil pollution with chemicals in certain districts (zones) of the city of Kazan was performed according to the data of the social-hygienic monitoring of the FBHI "Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Republics of Tatarstan" for the period of 2010 -2016. The indices of complex assessment of soil pollution with heavy metals (HM) and oil products in the zones under study did not exceed the established regulations. The results showed uneven distribution of pollutants on the territory of the city zones. The 3-rd zone (the Vakhitovsky district) is different, there the major contribution to the total risk level is made by lead (Pb) – 51.4%, cadmium (Cd) - 36.9%, mercury (Hg) – 3.53%, oil products, and copper (Cu) – 2.6%. The level of non-carcinogenic risk for the health of the child population aged 3-6 years old with application of regional exposure factors (THI 1.0 and less) corresponds to the target risk level. The maximum contribution to THI is caused by the dermal route of the oil products' entry (from 94.0 to 98.9 %). Ranking of the city territory according to the total hazard quotient with the account of all routes of the chemicals' entry identified two zones ranking first in the risk level: the 2-nd zone (the Sovetsky district) and the 3-rd zone (the Vakhitovsky district). The results indicate the necessity of revising the approaches to assessment of possible health risks associated with oil hydrocarbons on the basis of new scientific data.

For accuracy of quality parameters measurements and product sampling it is necessary to ensure that flow of hydrocarbons through QMU was enough to meet requirement of isokinetic condition of sampling device. Currently, this is achieved by using of pump or pumpless control circuit. This paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of these schemes, as well as an alternative scheme for pumping liquid hydrocarbons through QMU. Possibility of fluid pumping without a pump and flow control with pressure regulator is discussed and justified. The problem solution of ensuring equality of product speed in both branches of parallel pipelines is achieved by selecting such a ratio of cross-sectional areas of hole FP and collector, which creates a pressure difference between the QMU input and QMU output of the pipeline necessary to overcome hydraulic resistance in it at a speed equal to the speed in the collector.

The research studied petroleum from Permian-Carboniferous fields from the Usinsk oil deposit in the north-east of the Komi Republic, Russia, well-bores No. 5339 (middle production zone) and No. 2956 (upper and middle production zone). Permian-Carboniferous petroleum has high viscosity (up to 11980 MPa*s), density (up to 0.987 g/cm³), average grade of sulphur (up to 2.5% mass) and are hard to recover. The element, component and micro-element composition of the petroleum and its fractions was established. The share of vanadyl and nickel porphyrins was measured by chromatographic separation. The research has established that the petroleum and fractions from the Usinsk oil deposit are a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and hetero-organic compounds with an elevated aromatic level and with oxygen-containing compounds playing the most important part. Total content of micro-elements in the studied samples does not exceed 0.5% mass of the petroleum's mass. The concentration of microelements in petroleum is reducing in this order: Cl, Ca, Na, V, Ni, Mg, Fe, Si, Ba, Cs, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd, P. The share of vanadyl porphyrins (VO-P) is higher than that of nickel porphyrins (NiP). The distribution of VO-P by fractions for the petroleum in both well-bores is the same and reduces in terms of resins-asphaltens-oils. The distribution of NiP does not have a clear correlation. This distribution can be associated with the chemical composition, thermodynamic and kinematic stability.

This paper presents the results of a investigations on the possibility of obtaining new sorption materials based on modifying the natural zeolites of the Eastern Transbaikalia deposit, investigation the laws of sorption extraction of heavy metals and oil products from industrial wastewater of railway transport enterprises with a new sorbents. It is shown that chemical modification of natural zeolites allows obtaining sorbents with a more ordered structure compared to natural layered silicates, an increased surface area and a transient nature of porosity, which ensures their high sorption activity and, therefore, the perspectivity of application in the sorption technology of wastewater treatment.

Nowadays, in order to organize the movement of passenger trains with speeds up to 200 km/h, it is necessary to reconstruct existing highways, which requires the need, in addition to performing a huge amount of work, to do it "under wheels", i.e. in conditions of continuous movement, when it is often impossible to take trains to other routes (parallel passages), due to the lack of the last ones. As an alternative, the authors propose to consider the principal possibility of using bypasses for the passage of high-speed passenger trains, which in practice are often used for the organization of transit freight traffic, both individual railway stations and railway junctions in general. This allows not only to remove obstacles ("barrier places") on the way of train traffic, but also to "unload" the existing infrastructure of railway stations and nodes. For this purpose, at the first stage, the factors that can affect the feasibility of using bypasses to perform such a task as the organization of high-speed passenger train passes were considered. The article can be useful for specialists, researchers who are engaged in the solution of issues on the organization of high-speed passenger traffic in terms of the preparation of existing highways in general, and railway stations in particular.

The aim of this paper was to assess the man-made risks arising in the process chain from the extraction of primary raw materials in the form of quartzite and its further processing into the final product in the form of silicon. As the objects of research, we chose quartzite extracting enterprises, Cheremshansk Quartzite Mine and Kremny JSC which processes quartzite into silicon. To assess the occupational risk, we applied the method of assessing the individual occupational risk (IOR) level developed by the Klin Institute of Occupational Safety and Working Conditions. As a result, it was established that, in general, the level of occupational risks in the extraction of quartzite corresponds to the "average" level of risk. The occupation of Screener was classified to have the highest level of IOR (0.2). For the most part, a significant contribution to the level of occupational risk for the considered occupations is made by the dust factor, as well as - for the occupations connected with the steering of large-sized machines - by general vibration. In the processing of quartzite, the IOR level corresponds to the "average" level of risk in most occupations. However, for some of the workers, the risk level is set to the "high" value. This is due to significant concentrations of dust in the air of the working area, as well as unfavorable microclimate parameters.

The paper discusses the problems of cleaning technological pipelines and tanks to restore the capacity and useful volume capacity of oil pumping stations. The world experience of using chemical reagents for cleaning oil pipelines from asphalt-resinous paraffin deposits is considered, the disadvantages and advantages of the method are determined taking into account the restrictions that exist at the facilities of the main oil pipeline transport. The analysis of the results of experimental laboratory studies and pilot tests of the chemical washing technology at the existing facilities of Transneft PJSC is presented. Recommendations are given on improving the technology to reduce the consumption of chemicals and time costs. Particular attention is paid to the shortcomings and features of the use of hydrocarbon solvents for cleaning technological lines from pipes of small diameter and large tanks. The expediency of an additional physical effect is substantiated to increase the efficiency and rate of destruction and removal of hard-to-remove deposits, for which the use of ultrasonic resonators providing flow homogenization and dispersion is proposed.

The article proposes a methodology for calculating the factors of rational mixing of oils with various rheological properties that are jointly transported through an extensive system of trunk pipelines to save energy demands for pumping. The calculation is aggravated by the absence of additivity of viscosity of specially formed multicomponent blends of oils that compels the calculation in a simplex place that characterize the possible compositions of oil blends. It is proposed to use the standard polydimensional optimization strategy as the main calculation module. The objective is presented in the form of summarized energy demand for pumping depending on the concentration of oil blend at the nodal points of their blending. There is proposed a method for calculating the objective for any extensive network of oil trunk pipelines using algorithms of constructing a blend tree and determining its properties using traversal tree algorithm.

The paper is devoted to the development of methods for ensuring the design position for underground sections of gas trunk lines laid in areas of permafrost propagation at the risk of formation of frost mound at the areas of intersection of continuous ice lenses. It is proven the advantages of underground lining of separate potentially hazardous sections of the route of small length without thermal insulation, for which is proposed the way of local fastening using a specially developed underground support structure in the form of a pile base with pipe fastening by flexible links. Numerical studies of the stress-strain state of the underground fixed section of the pipeline and its underground support were carried out on the basis of the finite element model, during which the optimal laying parameters have been determined.

Three-dimensional analysis is an important and actively developing area in calculating the stability of slopes. The work was based on the results of the stability analysis of the landslide slope on the left side of the Kuban river valley above the Krasnogorsk hydropower station. The calculations were performed using the limit equilibrium methods in the three-dimensional formulation of the problem, taking into account the seismic effect. In this paper seismic effects were taken into account using the pseudostatic method. Based on the performed mathematical modelling it was shown, that direction of seismic impact changes not only the safety factor but also the spatial position of the potential landslide massif. This study proves the importance of three-dimensional calculations in the development of engineering protection measures against landslide processes.

The article is concerned with the use of geophysical methods in engineering geological surveys on landslide-prone slopes. The article discusses research methods that allow to obtain the necessary parameters for computer simulation and based on this performing slope stability assessment. As examples the slopes within the historical natural-technical systems (HNTS) are considered as the sustainability issues are of particular importance for them.

Man-made pollution of water bodies makes the safe usage for recreational purposes impossible, in particular in areas with scarce water resources. Under such conditions, the key role in ensuring the technosphere safety is played by appropriately organized monitoring research. The analysis of the existing monitoring and forecast system for the environmental safety of water bodies was conducted for the main waterway of the Voronezh oblast, the river Don and its tributaries. The analysis of the water samples to check their sanitary, chemical, microbiological and parasitological parameters allowed to identify the priority monitoring indicators as well as the need in broadening the list of the controlled parameters, more monitoring points and higher frequency of control measures.

A database on indicators of forest ecosystems for risk assessment has been formed. The method risk assessment forest ecosystems in the conditions of intensive anthropogenic impact by the multidimensional method are developed. An example of environmental risk assessment based on ground-based observations is shown, forest ecosystems status indicators, space sensing obtained by remote sensing methods. Rationing factors were performed using the coefficient of the variation series. Combining heterogeneous data is carried out on a single normalized scale, taking into account the characteristics of authenticity and taking degree participation in each factor. With help cluster analysis the ranking territories performed. In the course data analysis for 2018, 4 clusters were identified, for each which priority risk factors are analyzed. The greatest contribution is made by climatic factors and high population density.

No living person can do without vegetables and fruits, food grown in the fields, kitchen gardens or in greenhouses. Those crops that are less whimsical to their surrounding nature and the conditions of growth and fruit formation are grown in open ground, and those that are more demanding, but at the same time not less necessary are grown in protected ground, or greenhouse. In this article, an analysis was conducted of the influence of the main harmful and dangerous production factors on the organism of workers in the greenhouse complex. When working in greenhouses, employees complain of discomfort from exposure to bright light and ultraviolet radiation during artificial irradiation and lighting up of plants. In the work, a comparison of frequently used types of lamps in greenhouses was made and it was revealed among them that it is safer for workers. Recommendations for improving working conditions are given.

The Northeastern Siberia includes the coasts of the Sea of Okhotsk, part of the North Siberian Lowland, the Central Siberian Plateau and the Lena Delta. Based on field measurements and calculations, this study characterizes the regional distribution of permafrost temperature in the layer of zero annual amplitude (ZAA). Permafrost temperatures vary over a wide range from -2 to -13°C. Analysis of ZAA temperatures indicates that permafrost is transient in much of the study region. In its northern part, especially where diluvial deposits are present, temperature profiles are isothermal or have inverse (negative) gradients. The temperature field in the areas of pre-Quaternary carbonate rocks is characterized by wide scatter of the values and often by higher ZAA temperatures. This is due to the karst process in carbonate rocks which is associated with heat release. This process likely occurred below the bottom of post-catastrophic basins, resulting in greater heat flow and disturbance of the equilibrium state of permafrost. The layers of dolomite flour over the pre-Quaternary carbonate rocks provide additional evidence of the high water contents in upper permafrost during deposition of the diluvial sequence. Temperatures below ZAA in these areas may reach -4°C, while similar settings without carbonate rocks have temperatures below ZAA as low as -8 to -11°C. This study has confirmed the high variability of ZAA temperatures in the region.

Numerous natural gas liquefaction technologies for the main gas pipeline are known, however, this process is little used for the potential use of electric energy and is poorly implemented at the GDS, where it is possible to carry out low-tonnage LNG production. The object of research is gas distribution station (GDS) "Novo-Alexandrovka" with a capacity of 45 m3/hour. In the course of the research work the technological scheme of liquefaction of natural gas was developed on the basis of the available parameters at the mentioned GDS. This topic is topical due to the annually growing demand for liquefied natural gas. Currently, the LNG market in Russia especially is not developed due to the lack of proper regulatory governability of use and production, lack of cryo-filling stations and a clear program of development of gas vehicles. It is proposed to introduce a liquefied natural gas unit with a main temperature reduction unit through adiabatic expansion in turboexpander. The paper discover construction decisions and analysis of the dependence of the liquefaction temperature of natural gas on the inlet pressure into the gas distribution network as well as The technical and economic characteristics of the implementation of the liquefaction unit at the "Novo-Alexandrovka".

The article discusses one of the waste management areas – the use of fertilizer properties of chemical compounds that make up various types of production waste. The salt aluminum slag of the Mtsensk metallurgical plant AOOT Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys was chosen as the object of pollution. The presented studies indicate that the presence of macro-and microelements in the composition of slag fertilizers significantly increases the value of these fertilizers and partially solves the problem of complex application of the necessary elements into the soil [10]. The effectiveness was evaluated of the fertilizing properties of the salt screenings of aluminum slag, vermicompost and zeolites when using them as a part of nutrient soils for growing cucumber [8]. An increase in the toxic load for the analyzed period was established [7]. Also, all the studied forms and types of fertilizer nutritional compounds have a physiological effect, increase the growth and development of cucumber plants, product quality, and contribute to plant resistance to adverse environmental conditions and to the production of environmentally friendly products [13]. The effectiveness has been proved of the method of using plant cell juice electrical conductivity to assess the physiological state at different growth phases as a reaction to the fertilizer levels of production waste and natural minerals [9].

In this paper, the research results on the adsorption process of final treatment of wastewater from electroplating production using a model filter with a nominal capacity of 0.3 m³/h are presented. Natural zeolite of the Trans-Baikal deposit heulandite was used as a charge. The processes of sorption and selective desorption of heavy metal ions were studied. Based on the results, the natural zeolites regeneration scheme was developed; the scheme provides the multiple reuse regenerated adsorbents in the processes of final treatment of wastewater from electroplating production, and eluates produced by regeneration can be reused in the manufacture as components for electrolytes used for electroplated coating deposition.

The Chukotka autonomous area of Russia holds one of the leading positions in Russia in the gold mining. Various formational types' deposits are known to this region. Among the most industrially interesting types are bonanza gold-silver sites in Kupol, Dvoinoye, Sentyabrskoe and many others. This article studies the prospects of extending the raw materials' source of the gold-silver ore occurrence in Sentyabrskoe on the basis of its comparison with the known sites of this type.

The main technological equipment of hazardous production facilities are columntype devices with piping arrangement, which provide interconnection between individual pieces of equipment. In use process pipelines experience the considerable internal and external loads and impacts that is related to unstable work of the complex technical system and with features of its operation. Exceeding allowable loads can lead to depressurization of pipelines that, if the equipment is located close, can lead to the development of an accident with a "domino effect".

Pipeline systems are a source of the increased danger because of a large number of welded and flange joints, stop and control valves, hard conditions of operation and the considerable the volume of the flammable substances moved on them. In this regard there was a need for development of a method which will allow to estimate potential zones of destruction of pipelines at realization of accident with "domino effect"

A purpose of this article is research of temporal characteristics of traffic accident in climatic conditions of the North on an example of Yakutsk. The extreme natural and climatic conditions of the North significantly affect mental and physiological functions of road traffic users. Analysis of accident distributions by hours has been carried out separately for cold and warm seasons. The hours of an increased accident rate have been identified, which are compared with circadian rhythms of a human body. It has been established that influence of the circadian rhythms on statistics of road traffic crashes in Yakutsk is observed only for a cold period. In the warm period, dynamics of the crashes corresponding to the circadian rhythms of the human body were not detected. During development of measures aimed at a reduction of the accident rate, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the particular locality traffic, the natural and climatic conditions and temporal characteristics of the accident distributions. Since road users errors, leading to the road traffic crashes, are largely related to limited reliability of a psychophysiological human state, the natural and climatic conditions of the North can be considered as a factor of a negative impact on road safety.

In the article the control actions providing reliability of billboard fastening during the whole term of operation is proved. Also correction of the operational period of billboard fixing constructions is justified. The example of testing calculation of a billboard rack diameter, which satisfies the permissible values of tension in the rack basis under loading of wind force is given. Due to the frequent cases of billboards falling under the wind load influence in the different cities all over the world, inspection actions for control of thickness of supporting rack are offered.

The aim of this study is to analysis working conditions of workers at workplaces by factors of the working environment and a labour process, also the development of measures for their improvement. In the study a special assessment of working conditions (SAWC) was carried out, harmful working factors were found, also factors of a labour process were surveyed and measures for their improvement were developed.

The object of the research is the process of creating distance learning courses on the program of professional retraining in the field of technosphere safety. The subject of research should be considered professional retraining in the field of technosphere safety. In the process of research, the main forms of public education in the field of natural and man-made emergency situations were reviewed and presented. Learning using modern technology, i.e. distance education. As a result of research on the basis of the Higher School of Technospheric Safety of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, he developed a distance learning course, which is a set of activities aimed at finding information on the Internet, communication, teacher training, access to databases, periodic analysis. information publications distributed over the Internet. Developed programs for EMERCOM employees of Russia, employees of federal fire services, employees of the ATC ROSATOM, employees of the "Training and Methodological and Operational Character", search and rescue services, as well as representatives of the armed forces and emergency situations, etc.

Ensuring the safety of transportation of radioactive materials is of great importance due to the presence of the potential risk of damage to people, the environment and property during transportation, loading and unloading operations and intermediate storage. This article describes the means of storing liquid radioactive waste, as well as the process of their transportation. During the study, emergency situations during the transportation of LRW were considered. A security model has been developed for the storage of radioactive materials during multimodal transport.

This study presents a gasoline vapor recovery unit of a gas station, which is based on a vortex tube and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The calculation of system is made and technological scheme is presented. Shown effectiveness of the device and drawn conclusions about its rationality

The article considers turbidity in a water storage basin during dredging in water extraction zones for household and drinking needs. Turbidity zones are calculated with the help of a math model based on the solution to the shallow water equations in the advective diffusion equation for impurity distribution. The model was verified on the basis of a field experiment in the Kuibyshev water storage basin. The data on additional turbidity in the water extraction zone collected with the help of a suction dredge shows that the turbidity is higher than the maximum allowed concentration (MAC), but when a crane boat is used, the calculated value does not exceed MAC.

This article shows the study of the toxicological state of soils in the areas of anthropogenic impact of slag dump industrial waste of aluminum casting in the Oryol region. The data obtained indicate a high impact of slag dumps as a result of waste storage in the production of aluminum casting [3]. The inter-elemental relationship between the studied toxic metals shows that heavy metals can also have the same anthropogenic origin, regardless of the sources of their origin. The results of the pollution index prove the moderately high level of pollution of the study areas. A comprehensive assessment of the degree of degradation of light gray forest soils and their ecological resistance to natural processes and regimes, anthropogenic loads occurring in the soil profile [5] is shown. Analysis of the isotopic composition of heavy metals proves their obvious anthropogenic origin, including industrial emissions from an aluminum casting plant, exhaust gases derived from regular exposure to vehicles, as well as from dust storms. Studies are made of the effect of slag dumps on the environment, in particular, the effect on soil, water and plant cover. As a result of the research performed, the local impact of the slag dump on the adjacent territory and its pollution with a complex of heavy metals were revealed.

The article presents the results of long-term researches of the problem of reclamation of technogenic surface formations (TSF), of tailings surface of Dalpolpolymetal mining enterprise containing toxic heavy metal compounds. The purpose of the research was to create a method of tailings surface reclamation, providing for increasing the reliability of its closing, shortening of reclamation period, reducing the risk of technogenic catastrophes and ensuring the ecological and social safety. Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks were formulated: 1. Analyze and summarize the literary data on the problem of the research of technogenic surface formations (TSF) within the limits of impact of technogenic system as the reclamation site; 2. Estimate waste as a potential source of ecosphere technogenic pollution; 3. Give proposals on ecological and social safety of tailings containing toxic heavy metal compounds.

On the basis of soil-ecological conditions of the studied area the characteristic of technogenic surface formations is given. The proposals for environmental and social safety of tailings containing toxic heavy metal compounds have been developed.

The article presents the results of research of air technogenic pollution within the limits of the natural-mining system impact formed by Dalpolimetall mining-metallurgical enterprise activity in the Primorsky Krai. Its development is due to intensive polymetallic ore development and accumulation of significant amount of its processing toxic waste, stored in two tailing dumps, located at the area of 80 hectares, withdrawn from the forest land fund, their volume being 32.2 mln tons. The studies found that in general the waste on the surface of the tailing dump is of the second class of danger (high-hazard), which is currently in the stage of active formation, being a powerful negative impact factor for the environment. The study of the air pollution degree, carried out by gas survey on transversal profiles, shows that the largest number of different heavy metal compounds is contained in the dust selected for analysis near the tailing dump. Its maximum concentration, reaching 86 MAC, was revealed near the concentrating factory. The average concentration throughout the territory of the object under study is 38 times higher than the allowable limits. High concentrations of carcinogenic elements (arsenic, chromium and antimony) are found in the dust samples. The assessment of the air basin impact carried out by the method of computation monitoring using GIS-technology and the Ecologist Software, allows to assert that its pollution by mineral processing waste within the limits of Dalpolimetall impact in Dalnegorsk refers to an extremely high level for toxic dust, heavy metal compounds and sulfate-ion aerosols. The results of the research of air basin technogenic pollution using mathematical modeling allowed to reveal spatial and temporal regularities of the main pollutants distribution.

The nature of ice cover failure technology implemented with amphibian hovercrafts (AHC) is represents generation of a wave system in an ice cover under the effect of moving load on the ice cover. If gravity wave in water accompanies flexural wave in an ice plate, this combination of waves will be called flexural gravity wave (FGW), the speed of moving load υc equal to the speed of FGW propagation will be called critical. However, during the implementation of ice breaking works by single (AHC), AHC's parameters may appear insufficient for failure of the ice cover of specified thickness at specific ice conditions. In these cases, efficiency of ice breaking works may be increased by simultaneous use of several hovercrafts, i.e. by interference of FGWs generated by hovercrafts. This work is dedicated to research of the ice cover deformation during the motion of several (paired) loads over it. a comparison of the theoretical and experimental data obtained confirmed the operability of the selected criterion for the failure of the ice cover, which allows it to be used to develop practical recommendations for use FGWs generated by several loads to failure the ice cover. Original results obtained.

The Sea Surface Monitoring System (SSMS) is of great importance as a means of ensuring environmental safety. This system is based on monitoring the surface of the seas of oceans using satellites. The structure of the SMMP is a distributed system. This system includes independent data storage, system management, a system of dynamic ratings and forecasting, a management system, an information system (IS) that processes monitoring data. IP monitoring refers to a problem-oriented system. These information systems include specialized database models. All monitoring systems use sets of models that allow you to build complex enterprise models.

The article discusses the technology of the control model of the sea surface monitoring system. The structural diagrams of the control model and their brief characteristics are given. The principle of operation and the purpose of the sea surface monitoring system are described.

The article presents the results of geochemical and geophysical studies of the Belovsky Zinc Plant reclaimed dumps (Kemerovo Region), which is located in the residential zone of the Belovo city. The relationship between the degree of neutralization of waste and electrical resistivity is established and described. For the first time at this facility, measurements were made by the induced polarization method. When analyzing the polarizability distribution (C, mV/V), it was found that not so much wet and warm zones with a high level of acidity are distinguished on the profiles of electrotomography as they are saturated with minerals with high electrical conductivity. This means that low resistivity values are associated with electronically conductive minerals with metallic conductivity. Thus, the assumption was made that the anomalies are associated with the introduction of coke into the dump, that is, an increased carbon content, which affects not only the resistivity profiles, but also the IP profiles.

The article provides the results of cryolithological studies of ice-rich sediments in post-pyrogenic areas in the Nizhnekolymsky district of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) near Chersky village. Two boreholes were drilled, and a comprehensive analysis of core material was carried out. The results of the work reflect various cryogenic structure for relatively similar cryogenic landscapes.

Natural and man-made conditions of the Nizhnekamskaya industrial zone are discussed in the article. This zone includes large petrochemical and oil refineries, PJSC «Nizhnekamskneftekhim» is one of the largest companies in Europe. The article shows that significant changes in the composition of natural waters are manifested within the territory of a large operating surface landfill for industrial waste and in its vicinity. Here, the salinity of underground water can reach 12 g/l, and the concentration of petroleum products and phenols, which are characteristic pollutants, reaches 982 and 14 mg/l. Within the industrial site, underground water salinity reaches 1.25 g/l, their hardness is 18 mmol/l, and permanganate index is 17.3 mgO/l. The intensity of pollution of natural waters decreases with increasing distance from the boundaries of industrial zones. There are no signs of pollution of natural waters at a distance of 1.0-1.5 km from the landfill. The composition of natural waters has not changed over the past 40 years outside the industrial zone. Here, HCO₃/Ca and HCO₃/Mg-Ca are developed; waters with mineralization up to 0.5-0.6 g/l and total hardness up to 7 mmol/l are favorable for drinking. Natural water pollution is local, since the geological environment has high buffer properties. The nature of the geological section, consisting mainly of clay rocks, the favorable quality of precipitation at their rate of 550 mm / year determine these properties. The predominant type of pollutants, represented mainly by organic substances (petroleum products, phenols, etc.), which are subjected to chemical and biological degradation, also determine these properties. In addition, vertical hydrogeochemical zonality plays an important role. It changes with an increase in the depth of the HCO₃/Ca waters of the waters of HCO₃/Na composition. At the same time, the salinity of underground water is in the range of 430-600 mg/l, and the hardness decreases from 6.4-7.3 to 0.5-2.3 mmol/l. This determines the possibility of obtaining potable quality water in any part of the industrial zone, where the optimal depths of wells' filters are 140-160 m.

The article identifies the problematic situation in plant cultivation during the grain crop production, which consists in significant losses of biological harvest with the implementation of combine harvest technology and undeveloped cleaning technology with the threshing process at a station. There is shown the relevance of solving the problem of deep crop processing. There is the resource-renewable technology scheme for grain crop processing. In addition to the commercial and seed grain production, the technology also provides for the feed pellet, thermal and electric energy and organic-mineral fertilizer production. The advantages of the proposed technology are disclosed: compliance with optimal agro-technical harvesting terms, refusal to maintain an expensive combine harvester, complete exclusion of grain loss during harvesting, energy cost reduction for harvesting, high-quality marketable grain and seed production, rational straw use, cheap thermal and electric energy production, effective organo-mineral fertilizer production and high-quality grain feed production for animals.

Composite materials based on wood dust are promising construction materials that have recently gained traction in the market. Their success is attributable to the benefits such materials represent for construction: they are eco-friendly and resistant to atmospheric effects; they are well-disposable and easy to machine. Utilizing wood dust is essentially recycling the waste of woodworking, furniture-making, and lumbering industries, as well as the waste associated with the use of low-grade wood. The present paper covers the processes that occur in the structure of a composite materials when using abrasive wood dust as a filler. The research team has made pilot samples of various composition; analysis revealed the composition affected such properties as density, flexural strength, and water absorption. The effects were further analyzed to attribute them to specific mixture components. Refining the production technology and the recipe is one of the key objectives of producing and applying constructional composites today. Maximizing the performance while reducing the energy costs and the production costs requires a focus on rheological properties. The properties of a composites material mainly depend on the type and properties of its organic filler. Understanding that is fundamental to optimizing the composition, i.e. to finding such filler that will provide sufficient strength at a maximum fill factor. It is also known that using fillers makes the composition significantly cheaper.

The article addresses the issues of ensuring the reliability of tanks taking into account their life cycle by assessing and maintaining an appropriate level of quality. The work proposes: a structure that allows to assess the quality of such a complex technical system as a tank; Methodology, algorithm and formulas for evaluation of integral quality index.

The spent active coal of streptomycin production contains on its surface the remains of inorganic acids, organic-originated alcohols and waste products, spores, mycelium of Streptomyces griseus, which after entering the environment with wastewater cause a significant harm to it. The recycling of that coal and its reuse betters the economics of production and prevents harmful impurities from entering the environment together with that coal. Here it is demonstrated that thermal heating up to 300 °C allows to increase the adsorption activity according to methylene blue test and pH of aqueous extract of recycled sorbents close to the regulatory values, which raises the possibility of their re-use in the production of streptomycin. The raise of temperature more than 300 °C leads to decomposition of high-molecular organic substances on the surface of a coal with subsequent formation of a carbon film which covers the adsorbing pores and worsens the adsorption properties of active coal. After treatment with water vapor at a temperature of 800 °C the characteristics of the active coal meet the regulatory requirements of streptomycin production. Rational way to dispose an active coal which lost its recyclability is a burning at temperatures more than 800 °C. This completely neutralizes all the harmful impurities.

Industrial wastes and the chemicals they contain significantly influence the ecological conditions of biogeocoenoses, leading to permanent changes and degradation of soils. This fact calls for the development of methods and technologies for the disposal of the industrial waste being produced. One of the aspects of waste disposal is the use of fertilizing properties of the chemicals that reside in them. The article presents the results of argienvironmental efficiency research for the use of fertilizing properties of industrial wastes and natural zeolites in grass lawn and landscape design. Grass growth and development patterns were studied for the soils improved with salt siftings of aluminum dross, sewage sludge, natural zeolites, and peat. The best composition of fertilizing substances was determined in order to provide for the biggest increase in herbage growth and yield. Data are presented on the proportion of the elements in the soil and in specific plant organs, the soil composition changes in the root zone and rhizosphere.

There are different approaches to the standardizing of hydrocarbons' emissions in Russia and the USA. In Russia there are levels of techniques of vaporizations' determination, of ecological standards of emissions, there are norms of natural losses. In the USA the technique is identical at different services. The Russian techniques are much like to American. Some differences and uncertainties in the emissions' determination by different techniques are presented in the paper.

The paper proposes a new method of calculating the pressure at the pump intake, taking into account changes in the density of the gas-liquid mixture in the well depth. An algorithm for performing the pressure calculation is presented. Graphs of pressure distribution in the well depth with different gas content in comparison with the traditional method for calculating pressure are given. The importance of taking into account the physical properties of gas depending on the depth was proved.

One of the reasons why polyethylene pipes were not widely used in the oil field was their low (compared to steel equivalents) bearing capacity and, as a result, low working pressure of the transported medium (no more than 2.5 MPa). But thanks to the research of oil and gas companies, a technology has been developed to manufacture polyethylene pipes for oil and gas fields that will be able to withstand the operating pressure of the transported product up to 4.0 MPa inclusive.

Periodic cleaning of a hull from biofouling provides high efficiency motion of a vessel. Inspection and cleaning of the underwater part of the vessel afloat is usually carried out by divers aimed with an underwater video system, non-destructive devices for hull structures monitoring, as well as tools for cleaning surfaces from biological fouling and corrosion products. The aim of the study was to develop a new technical tool for remote survey and cleaning of vessels based on the remotely operated uninhabited underwater vehicle (ROV) with build-in underwater laser cleaning equipment. As a result of the research, the prototype of an underwater robotic inspection and laser cleaning system for vessels afloat was designed and developed. The experimental results of the motion control system of the ROV with a hybrid propulsion system both in air and under water are presented. The efficiency of the laser cleaning equipment in stand-alone mode and as part of the vehicle was confirmed. The technical solutions obtained during the development of presented cleaning system allow efficiently and safely inspecting and cleaning the hull without docking of the vessel to be conducted.

The today's continuous industrial growth of major industrial centers has caused the discharge of heavy metal-polluted wastewaters to skyrocket. Improperly treated wastewater may reach natural water reservoirs, where heavy metals will accumulate in water and bottom sediments, resulting in secondary pollution and thus deteriorating the ecological conditions. Thus, it is imperative to improve the existing wastewater treatment technologies and invent new ones, as well as to find new efficient sorbents. Meanwhile, a variety of enterprises generate waste that could be used for adsorption. For instance, the textile industry generates considerable amounts of pulp-containing waste that could be used to make promising sorbents. The paper presents a method of producing powdered sorbents from pulp-containing waste of textile industry. The team researched how the pH of thus produced sorbents and the mixing time affected the adsorption of heavy metals (nickel). The finding is that the produced powdered sorbents are suitable for tertiary wastewater treatment.

The control of polymer waste recycling process is an important modern problem. A partial solution to the problem can be got by using coextrusion technology. As a result of its application with respect to polymer waste, we can get a multilayer qualitative product, containing waste and safe for usage. Because of economic causes, the problem of using this technology is the correct preparation of secondary coextrusion composition based on the requirements to the quality of the obtained product. The scientific paper presents the mathematical control model of secondary polymer composition preparation. The developed model allows carrying out an operational control of composition components consumption, determining and correcting the consumption of the most expensive astringent component in order to guarantee the required quality of the product. The mathematical model is the basis for construction of intellectual automated systems for controlling polymer waste recycling process by coextrusion technology.

The article characterizes the importance of occupational risk assessment in order to reduce injuries. The study show that the level of professional stress of employees influences the magnitude of occupational risk. A study was conducted to assess the professional stress of workers according to the method of K. Weisman The influence of the factors of a healthy lifestyle and the "work-family conflict" on the level of professional stress in the engineering industry has been confirmed. Authors propose and implement actions to improve the stress tolerance of workers and reduce the level of professional stress. The study conducted confirms the effectiveness of the implemented actions to reduce the level of occupational risks in the organization.

It is in the cities where the issues of environmental protection are of paramount importance. It is there where the problem of using the social capital of the local community for the purposes of urban environment development and improvement arises. The relevance of the research under consideration and the degree of its scientific development allow us to define a scientific problem: an apparent contradiction between the need to solve the problems of improving and developing urban environment using the resources of the local community and the insufficient scientific and practical consideration and development of the issues of management the local community social capital to solve this problem. The management of local community social capital relies on configuring relative network of the local community actors for the implementation of joint prosocial activities in urban environment. The authors developed a management technology based on the use of geographic information systems together with the technology of crowdsourcing; the proposed technology allows solving the problems of urban environment pollution with solid municipal waste.

Organic matter is an integral part of the chemical composition of natural waters and plays an important role in collection and migration of chemical elements, including pollutants in water bodies. The article presents the chemical and organic composition of layer waters in the Sovetskoe and Vakhskoe oil deposits in the Tomsk region. Underground waters have chloride and sodium, and a high concentration of organic matter (sorg up to 90 mg/l). The goal of the publication is to identify the main patterns in the distribution of diluted organic matter by groups in layer waters in the south of Western Siberia and determine their potential contribution to the migration and collection of micro-elements. On the basis of the collected data on the group composition of diluted organic matter, it has been established that alkanes, naphthalens, alkyl benzenes, cyclohexanes, phenanthrenes are the most common. The results of the analysis of the micro-element composition of the extracted organic matter from the underground waters show that there is no correlation between the micro-elements composition of the water organic matter and various groups of compounds in it. We have a made suggestion that the key role in the migration and accumulation of micro-elements in water belongs to high-molecular components of organic matter that is characterised by its diverse composition and complex insufficiently studied structure.

Different types (disk, cartridge, filter-press, drum) of filters are used for dehydration of various technical suspensions. A key element of these filters is a filter membrane. Cotton and synthetic fabrics are used as filter membranes. Bases on non-sulphide gold-bearing pulp filtration, the article presents results of the study on filtering properties of mylar and mylar-nylon fabrics. Filtration kinetics for various pulps differing in the content of solid was studied. For the experiment, the authors used cotton (Article 2074 filter diagonal) and synthetic (Article 86006) filter membranes. Filtration stages and modes were identified. Conditions for initial filtering layer formation were studied.

To expand the scope of unsteady electromagnetic fields in marine and land prospecting and mapping studies of deep-seated and/or polarized geological objects, such as oil and gas deposits, kimberlite bodies and other minerals, it is advisable to consider an engineering-analytical multicomponent model of an electrically conductive layer when excited by horizontal electric dipole – the classic causative agent of the formation of the field of horizontally layered media. To simplify analytical studies, the Cole-Cole dispersion model adopted for the polarized known plane S^η was adopted as polarizable electrically conductive layer. The components of analytical expressions are described that describe the establishment of the electromagnetic field of an induction-induced polarizing conductive layer — objects of hydrocarbon deposits and sulphide ore occurrences. To identify the deep horizontal inhomogeneities of the section, equations are given that describe multicomponent fluxes of magnetic induction of polarized formation.

The development of multicomponent engineering and analytical model of magnetic flux of a pulsed electromagnetic field of horizontally inhomogeneous electrically conductive structure using the dynamic method of images, solutions of the Laplace and Helmholtz equations, the Fourier spectral method, numerical experiment, and modelling is considered. The most simple but distinctive electrically conductive geological structure in the form of known inclined plane — the contact model of two media, ore-controlling tectonic zones, the boundaries of oil and gas deposits and other stratiform objects, was adopted as horizontal heterogeneity. Since rigorous methods for solving problems of electrodynamics on horizontally heterogeneous bodies are quite complicated and time-consuming, the technology of pulsed electrical exploration in the study of such structures is mainly based on the results of physical modelling and technologies of "related" methods based on measurements of low-frequency harmonic fields. The design and modelling of an engineering and analytical model of pulsed electromagnetic field of horizontally heterogeneous structure are shown. In order to increase the depth of the study and more efficiently assess the horizontal heterogeneity of the section, analytical models of multicomponent fields of the flux of magnetic induction of an inclined conductive structure are presented.

The localization and intensity of technogenic flows of chemical elements causes the formation of technogenic anomalies and biogeochemical provinces with varying degrees of environmental distress. The purpose of the research is environmental assessment of the effectiveness of the fertilizing properties of metallurgical production wastes in nutrient soils. Studies have been conducted to determine the degree of influence of the fertilizing effect of various types of nutrient soils based on soil, slag and zeolite on germination, growth and development of seedlings of small-seeded lettuce. Seed germination, plant growth and development are affected by the water-physical properties of soils and the number of available macro and trace elements. Visual and computerized assessment of the color range of the lettuce leaves is proven to be effective to assess the level of soil contamination based on the intensity of nutrient consumption by plants.

In this paper we analyse data from ESROB (East Sea Real-time Ocean Buoy), namely records of northward and eastward current velocities obtained on 36 horizons (with a step of about 4 m), and records from sensors of CTD on 11 horizons, made from March 20 to March 23, 2016. Graphs of power spectral density and wavelet scalograms indicate the passage of tidal and inertial waves at the sensors installation point. The graphs of the velocity and temperature fields show steeping of the long waves fronts. The described structures have a baroclinic origin, since their vertical structure correlates with the vertical structure of the first baroclinic mode, calculated from the density data for the studied period. However, a sufficiently large interval of data sampling does not allow analyzing the form of short-period internal waves and identifying solitons that are likely to be generated.

Phytoplankton is one of the key markers of ecosystem health. In this article we explore a phytoplankton model described by a system of differential equations. The analytical design of aggregate regulators method is applied to the model in order to investigate its behaviour. The development of algal blooms and their diminution to the normal state of a water body are simulated. The results of simulations align well with the expected ecosystem behaviour.

Analysers for x-ray radiometric testing (X-RRT) are graded by comparing the results with traditional geological testing (GT). This time-consuming operation involves the collection of several hundred tests and their subsequent analysis in the laboratory. The "selection" of the regression equation coefficients between the X-RRT and GT data is complicated by a large range of metal contents and extremely uneven its distribution in the ore zones. For these reasons, the standard deviations between the testing methods are large and vary widely depending on the metal content. To increase the accuracy of regression parameter estimates, it is necessary to enlarge the control sampling. Such method raises the cost of testing and reduces its efficiency at variability of textural and structural features of ores. 270 slime tests of drilling and blasting wells of silver deposit Dukat are used for the analysis. The silver content in the tests according to the assay analysis was from 20 to 10 000 and more g/t. The differences between the main and repeated GT in the intervals of silver content 50 – 239, 240 – 999, 1000 g/t and more were 76, 175 and 651 g/t, respectively. Estimates of the regression equation between the two methods of testing with the help of two algorithms are compared. In the first, the loss function determined by the sum squares residuals (values deviations of the dependent variable from the regression line), in the second – the sum of the absolute values of the residuals normalized by the sum of the values of the dependent and independent variables. As a result, it is shown that in the first case, in order to improve the accuracy of coefficient estimates, it is necessary to exclude observations in which the absolute value of the residuals normalized by their standard deviation exceeds the critical level of 5-7. The second method is resistant to sampling and the number of observations can be reduced by 2 -3 times. Under these conditions, the error of coefficient estimates is close.

In the known types of models breaking the ice at contact with the structures of used power approach of the theory of elasticity in which the time factor is not a parameter of stress-strain state of the compressed volume of ice and are not involved in description of its destruction. In the models, the unknown physical criterion of ice fracture is replaced by the pressure at the ice–structure contact boundary as a derivative of the ice strength when testing small samples. This paper, the energy approach is used, which made it possible to show the mechanism of ice destruction as a Converter of the kinetic energy of the ice field into the potential energy of elastic compression of the ice volume and elastic deflection of the structure base. The processes of accumulation of elastic energy in the specific volume of ice, mechanisms of nucleation of foci of destruction and development of cracks, are considered. It is shown that the condition for the onset of destruction is to achieve a critical value of the elastic energy density in a single volume and the specific energy of ice destruction is a regulator of ice load cycles on the structure.

A regional economy is greatly dependent on transport. Yakutia spans over 308,342.3 thousand hectares in Russia's North East. Winters here are long: they last eight months with temperatures down to -50-60°C; summers are short but may be as hot as >30°C. This climate requires special approaches to be livable. This paper dwells upon road transport and its operation. Road transport requires high-quality roads. Today's road vehicles are high-speed, heavy-duty vehicles; their speed and payload capacity are only expected to rise further. Yakutia's highways are a set of infrastructures: pavement, earthworks, bridges, pipes, drainage, road signals and signs, recreational areas; pontoon bridges in summer, if necessary. All of that is necessary for road to operate normally. A car road is a costly infrastructure designed to last.

The paper assesses the possibility of creating a method for determining betulin in birch bark processing products using HPLC. The relevance and feasibility of developing an analysis are associated with an increase in the production of various products from birch bark and the need for a reliable and rapid way to assess their quality. The basis of the hypothesis is the reproducibility of the determination results of betulin in birch bark processing products by means of chromatography-mass spectrometry using the method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Initial qualitative and quantitative analyzes of betulin-containing extracts are carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. The reproducibility of the results obtained using HPLC has been verified. HPLC analysis of betulin-containing extracts and agrochemical "Stimulin" have revealed a correlation of the quantitative composition of betulin-containing preparations.

Benzine getting from used butane-butylene fraction from unit of methyl-tret-butyl ether production through oligomerization is one of ways to increase efficiency and ecological compatibility of process. Usually, the technology of producing oligobenzine is based on the generation of thermal energy required for the oligomerization reaction when burning solid or gaseous fuels in furnaces. Safety and ecological compatibility of this process may be significantly improved with microwave radiation used during reactions. The use of microwave energy will heat only the catalyst, which will be in contact with the butane-butylene fraction., It is possible to estimate the process parameters in the static and dynamic modes by numerically solving a system of equations that mathematically describe oligomerization under the influence of microwave radiation. It is established that the oligomerization process is intensified, and the energy costs are reduced.

The forms of occurrence and redistribution of silver between the sulfide orestailings and surface waters of the Krasnorechensk tailingsdam of Dalnegorsk District have been studied. Using the Selector-S software complex, physicochemical simulation of oxidation of tetrahedrite-freibergite and silver-containing pyrite was performed, and the mass of annual silver removal by surface runoff from the tailings site was calculated.

The paper presents the results of a study on the topic of the human element in navigation, which is relevant for sailing. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that this factor has a predominant influence on the safety of navigation. The main approach to the study of the human element is a psychological approach. This study uses the cybernetic approach based on concepts of the information theory, such as entropy. The object of the study is a complex dynamic control system, the main elements of which are the master, the vessel and the object of maneuver. The subject of the study is the human element of navigation in the Poisson notation, as the main determinant of a probabilistic state of the control system. The purpose of the study is to develop a probabilistic model for normalizing the human element of navigation from the standpoint of the cybernetic approach and a Poisson distribution of the random variable. The main hypothesis of the study is that the intermediate points of the trajectory of movement are the points at which the navigator makes decisions on controlling the movement of the vessel. The frequency of these points depends on many random reasons, including the human element. As a result of the study, the notion of the human element of navigation was formulated in the Poisson notation, and an evaluation criterion for the probabilistic state of the control system was proposed. The results are recommended to researchers in the field of automation of ship traffic control and specialists in creation of intelligent systems for controlling the movement of a marine vessel.

Architecture and clothing are interrelated in many aspects. These are based on visual and psychological perception; similar utilitarian purposes (protection from both climate and psychological exposures) and on similar principles of building spatial structures. The paper performs comparative analysis of the garment and architecture in the context of forming Deconstructionism as a 20^th century architecture style. Investigating clothing and architecture of deconstruction makes it possible to trace common shaping principles used by architects and fashion designers. The object of the research is the interrelation of styling and composition shaping between architecture of deconstruction and garments. The mutual influence and interrelation between the two have markedly manifested themselves within this 20^th century art movement.

The problem of nature and architecture interaction is examined in the article. The possibilities of using natural forms as constructive and aesthetic solutions in the design of urban realm are considered. One of the ways to link the architectural and natural environment into one whole and continuous space, while preserving nature and organizing the optimal space for human survival is the architectural and landscape bionics. The article discusses the similar foreign techniques as exemplified by. The article presents the student experience of the department "Design of the architectural environment" of Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University used in term papers and degree theses. Elements of architectural bionics and geoplastics are used in the student work in the landscape development of public space in the landscaping project of the "Enthusiasts" public garden, in the "New Lenin" building estate.

The project developed hard landscaping, which flowing silhouettes were borrowed from natural objects. Piece of natural are used to design the paving pattern. These techniques allow us to change the rigid, geometric structure of a typical development consisting of panel building and make it more flexible and comfortable. The article concluded that the organization of public urban spaces and spaces courtyards of residential apartment buildings, their comprehensive improvement can solve not only the architectural and landscape issues, but also to create a comfortable place for the rest of the townspeople.

Nowadays travelers all over the world are eager to see local traditional architecture typical for the given area. But the globalization processes that penetrated into architectural sphere as well, have turned the historical centers of many towns and cities into twins in their spatial pattern, technologies and materials used. As a rule, these are buildings made of glass and concrete, so characteristic for rational contemporary solutions. At the same time, there is historical architecture, surprisingly surviving in quiet outskirts of southern Russian cities and attracting genuine interest. Using photometry methods, the authors have detected, analyzed and graphically processed these examples. This architecture retained facade patterns representing artistic work of different people inhabiting the region. Each of these nations brought their own national traditions in the way of life and ornamental decoration of houses in specific form and pattern. It gives room for imagination of modern architects.

The importance of the problem under investigation results from the growth of Russia's towns and cities and related destructive expansion of architecture in urban and natural environmental systems. Unavoidably, there appear a great number of problems caused by haphazard construction, uncontrolled activities of development companies and their aggressive reclamation of suburban territories resulting in crisis phenomena, such as spontaneous trash dumps, oil and water pollution, and green belt destruction. The ways of solving these problems are complicated and costly. The objective of this article is to form a new principle of designing urban and suburban areas where the basis of the project, its chief idea is a fragment of living nature (the first nature) organically implanted in a new architectural context (the second nature). The result of this approach can be a new area where it will be possible not only to combine architecture and nature but also to create conditions for their synchronous development. A way of solving this actual problem of preserving the first nature is to analyze contemporary Russia's and worldwide experience of designing new residential areas, complexes and architectural clusters. Objectives of combining new technologies. The ideas of the article items can become a foundation for elaborating a method of design for an essentially new urban environment. Primarily, these methods are intended for inspiring young designers' creative search, forming their artistic and project thinking based on new imagery. The first nature as a source of inspiration and a factor of form creation and style. A new attitude to the living environment as an integral organism will help to create a new living environment, really beautiful and comfortable – one of sustainable development.

The importance of this article content is called forth by the fast public space changes that have been taking place in cities of Russia during last decades. To a certain extent, these changes are associated with new information media and means. Nowadays, the visual aids that dominate the public space are advertisements. The aim of advertising is to promote products and services informing the target audience. Forms and ways of achieving it are defined by the customer and the advertising agency. An avalanche of advertising information is trying to occupy a larger space and is doing it more and more actively and sophisticatedly. The visual chaos that resulted from aggressive advertising forms, creates a large number of problems for the residents; sometimes the situation does not seem safe enough. The objective of the given article is to analyze a complex of problems related to existing forms, effectiveness, and art quality of advertisements in the context of the urban environment. The article deals with historical experience of advertising techniques, forms and methods for public space advertising and visual object humanization offered by the world designer community. Most interesting methods successfully integrated in the contemporary urban environment for solving the above mentioned problems are given as well. As a result, new projects can be drawn up by young designers, student architecture studios, and decorative artist alliances. Paradoxical ideas, new forms of designing, an art of large-scale element arrangement, and an ability to find basic factors of interaction of space and form will help to surmount visual chaos, to reduce the urban context tension, and to form an aesthetically attractive visual informative imagery of the environment of Russia's cities. This article is meant to be a basis of the content that allows to get quickly acquainted with actual concepts and methods for solving problems of advertisement integration in the visual structure of contemporary cities by means of actual forms of visualization, gaming technologies, and new forms of actual art.

Russia's public interest is focused on modernization problems. To make Russia's towns and cities look up-to-date must be the main task of this process. Actual art can become an effective way to aestheticism the urban area. The objective of the given article is to define and specify mechanisms of new cultural actions aimed at a creation of a new experimental phenomenon – an urban area as an integral exhibit space. At present, there are a great many methods for changing the situation in the cultural context of modern towns and cities. Nowadays, actual forms of art can become a most efficient tool of social co-operation. Informational, didactic, aesthetic, and ideological functions of art implemented in large-scale town art projects and art objects can significantly influence town residents' way of thinking, help to unite the local community, form new kinds of leisure activities, and encourage creative activities of people of all ages. Involving young designer teams, student architectural studios, and decorative artist alliances can be regarded as a method for solving the above mentioned problems. In this case, the major idea is to make joint team efforts in order to create innovation residential areas. The results can be expressed in design concepts directed towards integrating contemporary art into the context of the urban environment. This article is meant to be a basis of the content that will allow to get quickly acquainted with actual concepts and methods for solving problems of forming cultural "landscape" and contemporary urban area ambience. Provided, active involving creative youth in co-operation process for both, creation of art objects and discussion of them, is to be a necessary condition. Cognitive methods for mastering actual art techniques, new visualization forms, and gaming and carnival scripts of art projects presentations are intended to become an efficient mechanism for creating a basically new appearance of towns and cities.

Harbin - modern metropolis of northern China. Developing at an intense pace, he catastrophically lost his architectural heritage. To liberate territories for new construction, historical objects with unique architecture that were designed by Russian specialists were demolished. Currently, the historical environment of the city has been preserved in fragments. But in the architecture of new buildings there is a steady tendency to use retro styles as: baroque, classicism, modern, gothic.

The research is devoted to the study of the current state of historical buildings in Harbin. This article is about the Pristan area, which was the main functional area of the city in commercial terms. Access to the river Sungari was the main factor. He defined the historical specialization of Pristan - commercial and industrial. A brief overview of the steps involved in the formation of the historical planning of the Pristan area in Harbin is provided in this article. Its features are revealed and the concept of restoration of the historic environment is described.

This article talks about lost or destroyed objects that were built at early stages of colonization of the eastern frontier of the Russian Empire. The classification proposed by the author will include three categories: temporary wooden architecture with elements of a "national style" that decorated public spaces (arches, verandas, awnings, landing stages, carved facade decorations of educational institutions, railway stations, etc.); residential buildings of Russian and Ukrainian settlers; dachas, trading posts, estates and castles created by foreign and westernized Russian entrepreneurs (Yankovsky, Startsev, F. Geck, etc). The conclusion says that it is important to reproduce not only individual objects, but the lifestyle of the first colonists who reproduced European civilization patterns "in the wilds of the Ussuri Krai". The empirical base of the study consists of materials of the expeditions, historical photographs and memoirs.

This article discusses the current issues of improvement of embankments of the rivers city of Moscow. City government attaches paramount importance renovation and reconstruction of embankment rivers of the Moscow. The results of a sociological survey of public opinion using a questionnaire are presented. The obtained data should contribute to solving problems that are aimed at making the embankments a comfortable and interesting place for citizens and tourists.

The article reveals the foundation of attractiveness of the city as a place of residence, as a place of realization of needs of student youth. The city, as a high-resource territory, becomes a factor in the formation of migration attitudes of the young generation, which acts as a driver for its successful functioning and development. Cities engage in global competition for human resources. The lack of competitive advantages (such as a favourable environment, high level of income, quality of life, developed infrastructure) is becoming a factor of outflow of youth to more attractive areas. In 2017, we conducted a sociological study of students of the city of Yekaterinburg (Russia). Based on a standardized survey of 200 students (71 men and 129 women), as well as on 8 in-depth interviews with 4 women and 4 men, the article argues that the factors of the city's attractiveness are the conditions contributing to the upward vertical mobility. The most attractive characteristic of the urban environment is the economic, environmental and socio-cultural sustainability, which creates the conditions for the successful implementation of life plans, initiative and innovation. When choosing a city for the realization of their interests, students consider the territory's ability to provide opportunities for informal interaction and free choice of everyday practices. These indicators of attractiveness demonstrate that students claim their right to the city: they change themselves by changing the city.

The authors of the article reveal the concept of street art from the position of tactical urbanism. In the context of this study, the main characteristics of the tactical urbanism of urban space are identified, as well as the possibilities of street art within the framework of this modern trend of changing the environment of the city in accordance with the needs of its inhabitants. The purpose of this article is to justify street art as a design method in the composition of the means of tactical urbanism and its application in the conversion of urban space. The authors applied the following scientific research methods: a historical analysis of the emergence and development of street art as an artistic structure of urban objects; the method of colour analysis of street art as a design element of the tactical urban structure of urban space; empirical method of studying tactical urbanism by observation, surveys of residents, a full-scale survey of the city. The applied significance of the study lies in the development of design tools for harmonizing the space of an urbanized environment based on colour modelling using the means of street art as an element in the structure of tactical urbanism methods.

A paper is focused on relatively unknown professional biography of architect and Urban Planner Yuri Trautman. Trautman is known mostly for his later career when he was a Vladivostok city Head Architect. Authors recent findings in the Sevastopol City Archive reveals a new facts of his earlier work on post-war city restoration where he have received a first chance to work as a urban planner as well as an architect. Together with his friend and also Leningrad Engineering and Construction Institute alumni Valentin Arthyukhov he leads a Sevastopol General Plan development and participated in public buildings project design process, one of it, Hotel Sevastopol usually mentioned as his solo work. Despite it, new facts shows much more complicated and interesting picture.

With a birth of the Soviet state a new social system started to form which stimulated the search of new forms of living space and emerging of new types of buildings, such as transition-type houses, residential facilities and house-communes. These types of buildings have not been widely spread in real practice due to their utopian nature. However, the ideas of collective daily routine of the 1920s ended up viable and productive if not taken in radical forms. Thus, the architectural practice of one of the largest southern Russian cities Rostov-on-Don has managed to acquire reasonable balance which determined vitality of a new social idea of collective dwelling for many years to come.

The paper deals with the current state of staffing the hospitality industry enterprises with qualified personnel. The dynamics of staff flows, as well as their remuneration rate are described. In addition, the paper highlights main activities undertaken by the Ministry of Tourism and Resorts of the Republic of Crimea and the Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of the Republic of Crimea connected with personnel availability in collective accommodation facilities. It is proved that these measures solve the issue of staffing during the holiday season partially. At the same time, the existing policy does not contribute to the human resource capacity building and development, as it leaves unsettled challenges associated with employee turnover and their full employment. The relevant factors with a negative influence on the staffing in the hospitality industry enterprises are considered. Certain activities carried out to neutralize the negative impact of these factors are described. Some possible solutions for the problem under consideration are proposed. It is stated that solving staffing issues must be addressed comprehensively with resolution of common challenges in the hospitality industry. Considering an uneven distribution of resources in the Republic of Crimea, including collective accommodation facilities, the paper explains practicability of creating a tourism cluster in the region. To cope with challenges noted in the paper, a concentric diversification scenario of creating a tourism cluster is proposed. Some dominant factors of creating the tourism cluster, such as establishing boundaries of the state's partnership with representatives of the business environment and other institutions in education, health, catering, leisure and other related areas, are noted. When establishing partnerships between the government and potential participants in the cluster, it is necessary for the government to provide support for defining the collaborative mechanism, beneficiaries and each cluster member's responsibilities.