Table of contents

The 10th Greentechnology International Conference

The International Conference on Green Technology (ICGT) is an annual scientific meeting organized by Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University (UIN) of Maulana Malik Ibrahim at Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The objective of this conference is to provide a forum eminent professionals, scientists, researchers, academicians and entrepreneurs across the globe to exchange and explore the issues, innovations and integrated perspectives towards environmental sustainability. The theme for 10th ICGT is Empowering the Fourth Industrial Revolution through Green Science and Technology which had been conducted on October 2^nd-3^rd, 2019 at Savana Hotel and Convention. Several topics have been discussed in this conference such as the following topic areas: biomaterial sciences, environmental impact evaluation, environmental education, human ecology, sustainable environmental technology, green architecture and design, energy and ecological conservation, green smart technology and innovation and soon.

The 10th ICGT was attended by the participants not only from Indonesia, foreign countries, such as Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, and Germany. The committee recorded that total number of attendants reached 210 people. There were 176 articles have been submitted to editors of conference for further evaluation and review. After the double review process, finally only 90 papers have been accepted for publication.

The success of The of 10th ICGT is due to the effort and support from all parties in this even. Thus, we would like to the scientific ommittee members, organizing committee members, anonymous reviewers, keynote and invited speakers, authors, presenters, and sponsor such as PT Dharma Karya Makmur Sentosa, GeneCraft Labs, Thermoscientific, and all sponsor who contributed to the success of this event.

Please let us express our depest condolences for beloved friend, our committee members: Nurvita Maharani (1991-2019) for her contribution arranging the proceeding. This proceeding volume was dedicated for her big effort to make all accepted papers more valuable.

Finally, we would also like to thank IOP Publishing Company for their support in publishing The 10th ICGT conference proceedings.

List of Editors in chief are available in this pdf.

List of Steering Committee, Proceeding Chair, Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

For the understanding of the neural regulation of homeostasis, reproduction and behaviors, elucidation of structure and function of neuropeptides is inevitable. A classical technique for peptide purification is the separation of peptidic extract from nervous tissue by the high-performance liquid chromatography, which was followed by screening of fractions with biological or immunological assays. Although this approach requires relatively large amount of tissues for extraction and the screening is time- consuming, we have identified more than 15 kinds of bioactive neuropeptides in the nervous tissue of a marine snail, Thais clavigera. The purified peptides include TEP (Thais excitatory peptide)-1/-2, FRFamide, WWamide and others. The molecular cloning of precursor for each neuropeptide demonstrated that structurally related peptides are aligned in tandem on most of the precursor proteins. To identify the peptides on the precursors, we conducted the de novo sequencing of peptides with the nanoLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis. It identified most of the neuropeptides found on the precursor proteins in the extract from 50 of Thais ganglia. Thus, this technique is suitable for the comprehensive identification of peptides from relatively small amount of tissues. However, several peptides that had been identified by the classical technique, such as APGWamide and leucokinin, were not identified, suggesting the limitation of this brand-new technique.

Fossil fuels, which include coal, natural gas, petroleum, shale oil, and bitumen, are the main source of heat and electrical energy, but burning these fuels will emit pollutants to the environment. Most countries use coal burning power plant in generating electricity for living needs such as household electricity and industrial development. This power plant generates large quantities of pollutants (SO_X and NO_X) that create acid rain and smog leading to the water and soil degradation and they can affect living things. To meet rising worldwide energy demand, projections call for the use of coal to increase by 50 percent from 2006 - 2030, as a consequence SO_X and NO_X pollutions will rise. There are two conventional technologies to decrease air pollution from coal power plant, the first is FGD (flue gas desulfurization) based on SO2 absorption in lime or limestone slurry; and the second is SCR (selective catalytic reduction) based on NOx reduction over a catalyst to atmospheric nitrogen with ammonia as a reductant. But these technologies cannot treat different pollutants in one step process. To support green technology program, this paper describes a modern technology called EBFGT (electron beam flue gas treatment) which can treat SOx and NOx in one step process using electron accelerator. The technology and economy comparison between FGD, SCR, EBFGT as well as the existing EBFGT in the world are compiled.

The development of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production became a hot topic among scientists because of its many advantages including easy separation and catalyst reusability. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported zinc oxide (MWCNTsZ) as a solid acid catalyst had been successfully prepared via the stober-like process. There are several % loading of ZnO variations ranging from 10 – 35 % of catalyst weight. These catalysts were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis. Transesterification of kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) oil also had been done to test the activity of the solid catalyst. The potential of this catalyst is shown from its large surface area with the maximum surface area until 409 m²/gram. However, the quantity of dispersed zinc oxide (ZnO) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via that modified Stober preparation is quite small lower than 5% weight. This phenomenon is resulting in a low yield of biodiesel after 3 h of transesterification reaction. The highest yield of biodiesel is obtained with 20% weight of loading ZnO variable producing 13.82% yield of methyl ester.

A composite SrTiO₃/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by sonication methods. The heterojunction material SrTiO₃/TiO₂ was synthesized using an ultrasonic cleaning bath for 4 hours, by mixing SrTiO₃ and TiO₂ with variations in the comparison of mol 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6. Characterization using XRD shows heterojunction material consisting of SrTiO₃ and TiO₂ anatase without any impurities, with the morphological surface observed using SEM indicating the agglomerated small particles. The bandgap of heterojunction material with a variation in mol SrTiO₃: TiO₂ of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 are 3.11; 3.09; 3.07; and 3.07 eV respectively. The all of bandgap is lower than the SrTiO₃ and TiO₂ bandgap, i.e. 3.2 eV.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated maghemite nanoparticles were synthesized using precursor variation through sonication-calcination method. The precursor was manufactured from lathe waste digested using (a) HCl: HNO₃, (b) H₂SO₄: HNO₃, and (c) H₂SO₄: HCl solvents. Samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, color reader, and SEM-EDX. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that Rietveld Refinement confirmed only one single-phase assigned to magnetite (Fe₃O₄) after sonication, one single-phase assigned to maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃) after calcination, and widened peaks indicating nano-sized particles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements confirmed the bonding of PEG to the magnetite and maghemite nanoparticles. Color reader measurement denoted the highest brightness level was achieved using precursor A. SEM-EDX data shows that the distribution of γ-Fe₂O₃ particles was not uniform. There were impurities detected, one of which was silica.

Liquid fuel from polystyrene plastic waste with co-reactant of cooking oil waste biodiesel has been obtained. The catalysts used in catalytic cracking are Al-MCM-41/ceramic and Pd/Al-MCM-41/ceramic catalysts. Morphology and elemental composition were observed with SEM EDX, the crystal structure observed with XRD, surface area and pore volume were analyzed by Nitrogen adsorption-desorption each calculated by BET and BJH method, acidity determined by FTIR-Pyridine, and temperature resistance analyzed by DTA. The results of catalytic cracking were investigated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Characterization of the catalyst showed that acidity was reduced because the Si/Al ratio was reduced after the impregnation and the surface area of Al-MCM-41/ceramics also decreased. SEM EDX shows that the composition of the carbon element on the surface of the Pd/Al- MCM-41/ceramic catalyst is smaller compared to the Al-MCM-41/ceramic catalyst. The results of the GC-MS characterization of liquid fuels from catalytic cracking using Pd/Al- MCM-41/ceramics catalyst, have a percentage of gasoline fraction (C7-C12) of 74.9% at 120 minutes cracking. The mixture of fuel from the addition of 150 mL liquid fuel resulting from catalytic cracking with Pd/Al-MCM-41/ceramic catalyst has the highest calorific value of 19160.61 (kcal/kg) and the performance of the gasoline Genset engine has the highest thermal efficiency of 28.27%.

Silica gel was synthesized from Lapindo mud by the sol-gel process. XRF analysis confirmed that Lapindo mud contained silica (50%) which was major components, therefore Lapindo mud has great potential as a raw material for silica gel synthesis. Metal silicates commonly used as a precursor to prepare silica gel. A Lapindo mud was mixed with an alkaline solution, stirred and heated to prepare metal silicates. Hydrochloric acid was then slowly added to the metal silicates solution to obtain silica gel. The pH 4 selected as the optimum pH in the synthesis of silica gel. The purity of synthesized silica was determined by XRF and shown that silica purity by 100 mL sodium hydroxide 6 M (4 h, 80 °C) treatment was 63.25% with optimum yielded 32.3%. Whereas 12 M potassium hydroxide 200 mL (5 h, 90 °C) treatment could be produced better purity up to 77.71% with a yield of 39.72%.

Reduced graphene oxide has been synthesized by microwave irradiation assisted. The effect of microwave irradiation on its crystal structure and electrical conductivity was investigated. Graphene oxide was synthesized using a modified hummers method then reduced by LAA (L-Ascorbic Acid) as a reducing agent with microwave irradiation assisted. The irradiation time varied by 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes. The samples characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-EDAX (SEMEDAX), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Inductance Capacitance and Resistance Meters (LCR-Meters).

Hydrilla verticillata contains some active compounds that potential as an antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antimicrobial and antitumor. One of the active compounds in Hydrilla verticillata is steroids. This research aimed to isolate, to identify and to determine the toxicity and antioxidant activity of steroid compounds in petroleum ether (PE) fraction of Hydrilla verticillata. Hydrilla verticillata biomass powder was extracted by maceration using ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract was hydrolyzed with 2 N of hydrochloric acid and then partitioned with petroleum ether solvent. The steroid compounds from petroleum ether fraction were separated with Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Column Chromatography. The steroid isolates were identified by UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometer. The toxicity level and antioxidant assay of steroid isolates were determined by BSLT and DPPH method, respectively. The result of the study showed that extraction through maceration produced 4.54% yield, whereas the product yield of the partition using petroleum ether was 65.41%. The steroid isolates from TLC and Column Chromatography separation has toxicity and antioxidant properties. The LC₅₀ value of steroid TLC isolate was 1.41 and 12.2 ppm. The LC₅o value of steroid Column Chromatography isolates (H₂, H₄ and H10) were 4.32, 8.24 and 10.35 ppm. The EC₅₀ value of H₂ Column Chromatography isolate was 23.00 ppm.

The purpose of this research is to modify methyl orange be a complex compound Fe (II) -methyl orange and apply it as a light harvester on DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell) technology. Titanium dioxide was used as a semiconductor and synthesized from tetrabuthylorthotitanate (TBOT). The wavelength spectra of Fe (II)-methyl orange was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and showed d-d transition at 420.50 nm and charge transfer at 262 nm. The interaction of metal-ligand bonding (Fe–N) was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer and shown at wavenumber 316.33 cm⁻¹. Fe(II)-methyl orange was a paramagnetic compound with magnetic moment 3.9 BM and ionic compound because of its conductivity higher than its solvent. The photovoltaic analysis confirmed that Fe(II)-methyl orange produced a current of 40 mA, a voltage of 0.38 V and an efficiency of 0.24%.

Waste management, including heavy metal removal through bioremediation, requires process optimization. One of the important processes in a modern method is bacterial immobilization intended to improve the performance of bioremediation. In this preliminary study, silica material from rice husk processed via sol-gel was used, and cellulose of Nata de Coco was incorporated in situ during gelling to give balanced surface properties of a porous matrix. The modified could hold bacteria such as Pseudomonas fluorescens to be immobilized for further use. Variation of contact time was done, while temperature and stirring speed were kept constant. Assessment of Pseudomonas fluorescens bioremediation activity was carried out in cadmium standard solution. The result showed that the optimum contact time of Pseudomonas fluorescens and silica matrices was achieved at 30 min contact time as 99.19% was embedded in the matrices. This system decreased 80% of heavy metal in solution. This result indicates the compatibility of silica-cellulose matrix in Pseudomonas fluorescens immobilization, as predicted for other types of bacteria as well.

Al-Qur'an surah as Syu'ara verse 7 shows that Allah SWT grew many good and advantages plants, such as microalgae Chlorella sp. Chlorella sp. are contained some secondary metabolites, such as steroid compounds. Purpose of this research is to know toxicity levels and antioxidant activity steroid compound of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions from hydrolyzed methanol extract of microalgae Chlorella sp. Cultivation is conducted on a laboratory scale using Sprouts Extract Medium (SEM) 4% and harvesting conducted every 10th day. Dry Chlorella sp. biomass was macerated using methanol solvent. The extract then hydrolyzed with 2 N of HCl and partitioned with chloroform, then the separation using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Isolates conducted toxicity tests using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and antioxidant activity test with the DPPH method. The toxicity test showed that TLC steroid isolates of chloroform fraction had LC₅₀ values 8.796 (C1), 8.53 (C4) and 4.53 ppm (C5). The antioxidants test showed that TLC steroid isolates of chloroform fraction had had a value of EC₅₀ is 2.26 1019 (C1) 163.10 ppm (C4) and 38.96 ppm (C5). Identification of steroid compounds with UV-VIS spectrophotometer has a maximum wavelength of 250.50, 270.5 and 281 nm. Identification with FTIR showed functional groups C=O (carbonyl), C-O (ether), -C(CH₃)₂ (geminal dimethyl), C=C and = CH (alkenes) attributed to steroid compounds.

Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ was synthesized by the molten salt method using single salt NaCl with calcination time variations: 2, 4, 8, and 16 hours at 900 °C. The effect of time synthesis on particle size and morphology was investigated. The X-ray diffraction data showed that the sample Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ was successfully synthesis and there is not found any impurities. The image from scanning electron microscopy showed that the shape of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ particle is plate-like and particle size increases as calcination time.

2-methoxy-4-((4-methoxyphenilimino)-methyl)-phenol compound is a Schiff base compound synthesized from vanillin and p-anisidin. The purpose of this research is to determine the stability of the 2-methoxy-4-((4-methoxyphenilimino) methyl) phenol compound and to test the anticancer activity of 2-methoxy-4-((4-methoxyphenilimino) methyl) phenol in inhibiting T47D breast cancer cells. The stability of the 2-methoxy-4-((4-methoxy-phenylimino)-methyl)- phenol compound was carried out by characterization using chemical tests, identification using FTIR and GC-MS. While the anticancer activity test of compound 2-methoxy-4-((4- methoxifenilimino) methyl) phenol using the MTT method. The results of re-characterization using chemical tests, identification of FTIR and KG-SM showed the compound was still stable. The IC₅₀ value of compound 2-methoxy-4-((4-methoxyphenilimino) methyl) phenol was 353,038 μg/mL which showed weak activity in inhibiting T47D breast cancer cells.

corn stalks are effective adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG). In this research, we modified corn stalks used citric acid .The adsorption process of MB and MG by corn stalks illustrates the suitability of pseudo second-order. The Langmuir isotherm is also describe in the data on adsorption of MG. MB and MG adsorption on corn stalks was confirmed by infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and showed that the intensity peak 1734 cm⁻¹ decreases. It indicated that the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate involved the ester functional group.

Saccharum officinarum L. bagasse is waste from sugarcane plants contains lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and wax compounds. Isolation of cellulose from sugarcane can be done by acid hydrolysis of sugarcane waste and delignification with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The objectives of this research were to study the effect of acid type and concentration on the physical and chemical characteristics of cellulose isolated from sugarcane bagasse. The acid variation that used were nitric acid: sulphuric acid; nitric acid; hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid: hydrochloric acid in 1:1; 2:1 and 3:1 in the variation of concentration for each combination. Cellulose characteristics observed were color, shape and powder properties such as Hausner Ratio, Carr's index, Angle of Repose and functional group analysis of cellulose using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared). The cellulose that isolated from sugarcane bagasse with HNO₃: H₂SO and HNO₃: HCl were matched in white powder form with standard cellulose. Cellulose color that obtained with other acids were cream in fiber form. The results showed that the hydrolysis process of cellulose with nitric acid was more effective than sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Standard cellulose FTIR spectra showed that delignification process was success and cellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse cellulose samples that isolated with nitric acid: hydrochloric acid (2:1) was the largest in percentage of cellulose (44.143%) and showed in line peaks with standard cellulose. Bulk Densities, Tapped Densities, Hausner Ratio, Carr's index and Angle of Repose values of sugarcane bagasse cellulose isolated in sequence were 0.05; 0.07; excellent; 26.6; good.

Manganese oxide (MnO₂) is an alternative metal oxide material that has potential as an energy storage application. In this study, the cryptomelane-type MnO₂ doped Fe³+ and Cu²⁺ were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method. Fumaric acid is added to the KMnO₄ in aqueous solution and modified with FeCl₃.6H₂O and CuCl₂.2H₂O to form different properties. Phase transformation and lattice parameters of the products were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). SEM observed the morphology of the sample, and electrical properties were tested using RCL meter. The results showed that adding Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ provided a higher value of conductivity and capacity of MnO₂.

Schiff base compound was a product between carbonyl and primary amine compounds in acidic conditions. Based on several studies, the compound had activity as a corrosion inhibitor. Schiff base compounds were synthesized from vanillin and aniline using natural acid catalysts from Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Blimbi L.) with volume variations 0; 0.25; 0.5; and 1 mL and grinded for 10 minutes. The synthesized compound was characterized by its physical properties. Further characterization included a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR and GC-MS. The corrosion inhibition efficiency on metals was carried out in HCl 1M. Synthesized compounds were yellowish-white solids, slightly soluble in water, and had a melting point at 149-151°C. The yield with volume variations 0; 0.25; 0.5; and 1 mL in a row were 96.84; 93.81; 92.45 and 89.69%. The synthesized compound had wavelengths 283-284 and 325-330 nm. This compound had an imine bond (-C=N-) with wavenumber 1584.909 – 1585.974 cm⁻¹. The product with a 0 mL catalyst was characterized by GC-MS and showed a peak with retention time 24.173 minutes and m/z 227. It had a similarity with the molecular weight of the 2-methoxy-4- ((phenylamino)methyl)phenol compound. The inhibition efficiency of these compounds was 39.38 to 77.40%.

This paper presents a design for the temperature distribution of a continuous furnace system.The furnace was used in sintering applications for powder metallurgy products. The following design also includes heating systems, insulation systems, and material handling. Temperature analysis was focused on temperature distribution on sintering sample. The temperature distribution was also analyzed based on the material layout during the sintering process. All results were based on heat transfer, confirmed by ANSYS software.The dimension of the CF for application of P/M production is (L x W x H): 3 x 500 x 500 x 360 mm³ with the length (feed zone, pre-sinter zone, sinter zone, post-sinter zone dan discharge zone) was 500 mm and length of cooling zone is 1440 mm. The material production rate was 874 material/hour. The heating system uses kanthal AF with diameter of 1,6 mm, length of heating element 3,4 m, total power of 30 kW, voltage of 220 V, and total current 135 A. Insulation system uses composite wall with insulating brick (11 cm thickness) and ceramic fiber blanket (5 mm thickness). The material handling system uses mesh belt conveyor from material SS314 with length of 4190 mm, width of 356 mm, and conveyor speed of 0,277 mm/s. The standard temperature for pre-sinter zone is 225 °C while the design obtained 210.44 °C and sinter zone is 300 °C while the design obtained 293.52 °C. The results showed that the optimum zone temperature in the pre-sintered (225 °C) and sintered zones (300 °C) are 210.44 °C and 293.52 ⁰C, respectively. Validation of heat balance shows that the deviation was minimal and can be ignored, thus the design is considered the most suitable.

Medicinal plants are widely used for the preparation of various pharmaceutical forms. Eleutherine palmifolia is a typical plant in Central Borneo in Indonesian. 1,4 naphthoquinone is a bioactive compound from E. palmifolia which has potential as a medicinal ingredient, one of which is anticancer. This study aimed to determine the levels of 1.4 naphthoquinone as a marker compound for the standardization of standardized herbal medicine (OHT) formulas of E. palmifolia extract. The separation was carried out with Thermo Fisher Scientific UHPLC Ultimate 3000 RS coupled with a diode array detector, and the C18 column was employed. The UV detection was performed at 254 nm, and the run time of 0.8 minutes. The mobile phase consists of an isocratic method, 95% methanol (A) and 0.5% chloroform (B). The results showed that 1,4 naphthoquinone was eluted at 3.260 min. The response of the standard 1,4 naphthoquinone linear in the concentration range of 3.0-21.0 μg/mL with r² = 0.9951. The accuracy of this method, which was 99.95% with RSD value ≤ 2%. UHPLC method was developed, which has been validated and shown applies to the determination and quantification of 1,4 naphthoquinone in E. palmifolia. Analysis of 1.4 naphthoquinone levels contained in E. palmifolia 12 μg/mL was 7.79 μg/mL ± 0.01.

Small Medium Enterprises employees are the main executors in the implementation of standard in SME included the standard of environmental management system ISO 14001:2015. The success of this standard ISO 14001:2015 implementation is extremely determined by the competence of SME employees in understanding and implementing ISO 14001:2015 until the purpo se of implementation can be achieved such as reaching environmental targets, improving environmental performance, and fulfilling arrangement obligation. This research aims to see the competence of SME employees in the implementation of ISO 14001:2015 until the purpose of this standard ISO 14001:2015 implementation can be achieved. The method used in this research was quantitative research method. For this purpose, the research instruments were in the form of questionnaires designed and tested on SME employees. Data were processed statistically. The research results show that the competence of SME employees in the implementation of ISO 14001 is sufficient and above average. SME employees know the environmental target and environmental instruments in the implementation of ISO 14001:2015. Besides that, SME employees also understand environmental regulations and the management of waste produced by SME.

Environmental Sustainability becomes a major issue around the world. Energy consumption and air pollution are some important issues that have been discussed among scholars and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to examine how digital workplace implementation could contribute to empower environmental sustainability, why this is important and how this can be achieved. We collected the data from UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya and do the simulation if their employees implement the digital workplace for three cases, 50% of the farthest employees, 50% of the nearest employees, and 50% on random. The efficiency of fuel used obtain was 44.39%, 5,61%, and 22.2% respectively. From the simulation, it can be concluded that the application of the digital workplace can be an alternative in the framework of global environmental sustainability.

Purple-fleshed sweet potato with high anthocyanins is beneficial to health due to its antioxidant activity. Therefore, 13 promising genotypes of purple-fleshed sweet potato and two improved varieties as checks (Antin 2 and Antin 3) were studied their physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics. The results showed that the flesh colors ranged from red-purple, deep purple to white purplish and their lightness values (L*) negatively correlated with anthocyanin contents (R² = 0.65). Six promising genotypes contained anthocyanins >100 mg/100 fw with the highest value observed in RIS 10051-01 (155.47 mg/100 g fw) that was similar to Antin 2. Antin 3 showed the highest content of anthocyanins among all genotypes (177.48 g/100 g fw). MSU 10002-05 and MSU 10010-43 genotypes had higher dry matter contents (33.43% and 37.85%) than Antin 2 and Antin 3, suggesting their promising use for flour processing. High anthocyanins is normally associated with a bitter taste, however the steamed tubers of two deep purple genotypes, namely MSU 10010-43 and Antin 3 and one white purplish genotype (MSU 1000115) were fairly liked for their color, texture and taste attributes, hence they are tailored for steamed food purposes. This information supports the breeder to release a new variety of purple- fleshed sweet potatoes.

Solar radiation, temperature, and CO₂ are important climate variables on crop production. Climate change is a very serious threat to the agricultural sector and potentially bring new problems for the sustainability of agricultural production systems. This paper aims to know the impact of climate change on maize growth and production by simulating changes in climate variables. The case study was at Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. There are eight treatments simulation and one treatment as a control; (1) no change (control), (2) solar radiation (SR) + 30%, (3) SR – 30%, (4) CO₂ + 25 ppm, (5) CO₂ – 25 ppm, (6) maximum temperature + 3 °C, (7) maximum temperature – 3 °C, (8) minimum temperature + 3 °C, (9) minimum temperature – 3°C. Simulation use Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) software. SR adds 30% obtained the highest yield due to the highest on grain number and pod weight. In contrast, SR - 30% reached the lowest.

Citrus farming in Dau, Malang, East Java is a growing citrus production center. In maintaining production, farmers are continuously using variations of fertilizers and pesticides. This has an impact on the fruit quality and soil fertility. Conversion to organic is one of the improvement discourses. Literatures on the conversion of perennial crop in this case citrus are still limited. In this review we tries to look at multidimensional aspects, starting from cultivation, disease and pest, postharvest management also social science. An example of managing conversion (demonstration farm) using local ingredients will help farmers. In addition, the government's role in regional management and agribusiness support can help the transition process that will occur. The economic increase from the premium price of organic products is believed in some literature as the driving force of farmers to convert, needs to be directed to sustainability issues for the solidity of organic foundation.

The fourth industrial revolution has triggered an increase in the demand for information and communication technology equipment. Computers are useful in modern days and it is reflected in the ownership of these appliances which experienced steady growth in recent years. In 2017, about 20% of Indonesian households possess these devices. Undoubtedly, it will correspond to the escalating volume of computer waste. Furthermore, it raises concerns since valuable as well as toxic materials are embedded in e-waste. On the other hand, proper e-waste management is absent in the country. The current study aims to quantify the amount of computer waste generated in Indonesia by applying a stock-based model. The flow model is developed based on the secondary data of household ownership of computers, and the usage period is estimated using the lifetime distribution. The result indicates that computer lifespan in the country is 4.51 years. Besides, the 15 years prediction shows that in 2012 and 2026 the quantity of computer waste is about 1.16 million and 7.47 million respectively. It implies that the amount of e-waste will continue to increase. Therefore, it is imperative to design and implement sustainable e-waste management.

Manggar Riverbank is one of the high-density settlements with characteristics of wood as the main material. Most residents were worked as fishermen and farmers to support minapolitan (fishing town) activities. The area was located on the edge and surface of the river, linear housing patterns, parallel, and surface the river. The area has been indicated as slum river settlements. The strategy to urban development based on green infrastructure (ecological infrastructure) must be integrated with Balikpapan Spatial Plan (RTRW). Manggar village was established as a traditional protected settlement. Green infrastructure planning should be integrated with the residential space to improve the quality of city and community life. The concept of sust ainable city development needs to balance economic, socio-cultural and environmental development by increasing green infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to analyze the priorities of green infrastructures based on its pattern. The distribution patterns by Geographic Information Systems approach was used as a methodology. The results of the analysis concluded that there were three patterns identified from the distribution of green infrastructure in the village over the Manggar riverbank settlement. Clustered patterns, random patterns, and dispersed patterns are found in all variables with different amounts. Clustered patterns are found in the distribution of vegetation. This result shows that the priority of the Manggar village community readiness in preparing the green infrastructure of settlements is available on vegetation. The clustered vegetation does not show a relationship with fishing activities, but rather tourism activities. Green infrastructure that is dispersed according to the use of fisheries space is lighting and public buildings with random patterns.

The Ceremony of seventh month-pregnancy (mitoni) is a traditional ceremony that is acted at the seventh months-pregnancy. The goal of this research is to provide ethnobotany data using herbs for a ceremony of seventh months-pregnancy (mitoni). The research data included qualitative data, plant types, organs, ways of utilization, philosophy of utilization, and quantitative data on the percentages. The research samples are communities of Awang-awang, Sawahan, and Mojosari, Mojosari district, Mojokerto regency. The determination of sampling were conducted with a purposive sampling technique. The results of the research are there are 14 plant species that are used on mitoni traditional ceremony and they have consisted of 12 families. Plants organs are used including leaves, tubers, seeds, and fruit. Plants utilization for mitoni traditional ceremony has a meaning or philosophy about safety during pregnancy up to birth. While utilization of plants has not been accompanied yet by community's efforts to conserve these plants, due to the narrow land to grow crops.

Leachate is a concentrated liquid that is harmful to soil and groundwater. This liquid comes from the process of decomposition of waste material by microorganisms in landfills. Leachate has the characteristics of high organic content. To reduce the organic content, one of them is to increase the dissolved oxygen in leachate. The method used with the aeration diffuses. Especially, using fine bubble aeration. Based on this background, a leachate water treatment was carried out using the fine bubble aeration system in order to see the effect on the value of dissolved oxygen or DO produced. The method in this experiment using a closed reactor system by varying nozzle diameter as a control variable. They are 1.5 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. The air pressure use 3 bar. Aeration time from 0 to 120 minutes. The volume of water as much as 25 Litre. The results showed that there was an effect of nozzle size on DO values. The highest increase in DO occurred in 1.5 mm diameter reaching 7.4 mg/L, while the highest 2 mm and 3 mm DO sizes reached 6.6 mg/L and 6.6 mg/L respectively. Based on the comparison of DO values of each diameter, it can be concluded that the 1.5 mm is more effective in increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in leachate water treatment using fine bubble aeration. According to bivariate analysis, the nozzle diameter as a control variable has a very strong relationship with the DO value indicated by the correlation value approaching 1 (0.701) with the aeration time change scenario.

Calotropis gigantea (L.) W. Aiton (C. gigantea) is a medicinal plant that has been empirically proven to have anticancer activity. In a previous study, it showed that the fraction of ethyl acetate from the root part of C. gigantea had higher anticancer activity than the other fractions. It suspected that the ethyl acetate fraction of C. gigantea root contained active compounds that has anticancer properties. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of active compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. gigantea root regarding induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and expression of caspase-8 colon cancer cell WiDr. Isolation of the active compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. gigantea root was carried out using Bioassay-guided Isolation method. Identification of active compounds was using NMR-1H, NMR-13C, HMBC, HMQC and UPLCMS/MS methods. The anticancer activity test of the identified compounds performed by using MTT method. The induction of apoptotic and cell cycle arrest evaluated by a flow cytometry method. The result of this study showed two active compounds were identified namely (1) (Pregnanon-5-en, 3,14,17 trihydroxy-12- (4'-cyclohexyl benzoate) -, (3β, 12β, 14β) - (9CI), (2) Pregn-5-en-20-one, 3,8,14-trihydroxy-12 - [(4'-hydroxy benzoyl) oxy] -, (3β, 12β, 14β, 17α) - (9CI). Both compounds inhibited the growth of colon cancer cell WiDr with IC₅₀ values respectively were 15.89 μg/mL and 0.77 μg/mL. Both compounds increased the induction of apoptotic by increasing sub-G1, S, and G2-M following depletion of G0-G1 phase accumulation.

The relation between cell and turbidity (cloudiness) in suspended form is studied intensively to facilitate the estimation of the cell number. A standard curve in turbidimetry has utility to compare the turbidity reading value for the determination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell number and using a model. A standard curve is a prospect in this issue for the cell that has an inherent inaccuracy in the method as well as spectrophotometry. This research is conducted to obtain a model for the standard curve using analysis and diagnosis of the linear regression which was measured the relative standard error (SE) value of the dependent variable by simulation of turbidity value and verification of the applied model. We obtained the smallest relative SE from one of the five datasets that resulted in less than 10% of the relative SE on the estimated cell number. Plotting all of the bivariate data resulted in a larger error on the scattered light intensity at the higher cell number value, and this characteristic was named heteroscedasticity. Application of turbidity method for cell enumeration per mL in the media was significant equal and lower coefficient variation than the result of verification by a viable method.

Leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant is a very economically valuable commodity and can be applied to various fields. Such as in the fields of agriculture, food and beverage and medicine. The problem that is found in the land area is the presence of plants that are more than tens of years old that need to be plant rejuvenated. Rejuvenation with grafting and cutting techniques is strongly influenced by the climate and extensive agricultural land. To overcome this problem, in vitro culture techniques are applied as an effort to conserving/producing plant seeds that are free of disease pests, controlled environments and with narrow land or laboratory scale. This research aimed to determine the inoculant of Camellia sinensis which gave the best results on the disinfecting through in vitro culture technique. The method used in the research was using two types of inoculants, they are shoot buds and young shoots in the disinfecting process, and each process was repeated fifteen times. The results obtained were that the disinfecting of Camellia sinensis plants with shoot bud inoculants showed the lowest level of contamination with the number of growing inoculants close to 85 percent in twelve weeks of inoculant harvesting.

This research aimed to know the effectiveness of macro compound NK fertilization on growth and yield of corn. The experiment was conducted in dryland of Banjararum Village, Singosari Subdistrict, Malang Regency on dry Season 2016. This experiment was using experimental plot 6 m x 4 m and it was designed in randomized block with 6 combinations of fertilization, and repeated 4 times, namely: (1) A (0 kg Urea/ha + 0 kg SP-36/ha + 0 kg Ponska/ha + 0 kg NK/ha), (2) B (300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 200 kg Ponska/ha + 0 kg NK/ha), (3) C (300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 0 kg Ponska/ha + 200 kg NK/ha), (4) D (275 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 0 kg Ponska/ha + 300 kg NK/ha), (5) E (250 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 0 kg Ponska/ha + 400 kg NK/ha), and (6) F (225 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 0 kg Ponska/ha + 500 kg NK/ha). The results showed that macro compound NK fertilization is giving 500 kg NK/ha with 225 kg of Urea/ha and 50 kg SP-36/ha (treatment of F) obtained the highest yield than other of 11,2 t/ha dry seeds with the profit of corn farming IDR. 1,905,000 per hectare.

Boletus colossus is an Ectomycorrhiza fungi. It grows on roots of big trees such as Rubber tree, Mango tree and etc. This mushroom grows by using the organic materials released from the roots. The moisture adsorbed on the fungi makes the roots resist the drought better. The mushroom can also turn some insoluble inorganic materials into the form that plants can make use of. This research is to study the production of the starter culture by using low-cost media. The result shows that the fungi can grow best in whey to 9.2 g/L (dry weight) in 10 days. The liquid broth can inhibit the growth of pathogens (Alternaría brasicola, Alternaría pori, and Fusarium solani) on Potato-Dextrose agar. The starter culture can also be produced in a 50L fermenter to the dry weight of 8.1 g/L in 6 days. Loam is the best as solid carrier followed by peat moss. The result in one year shows that the Para rubber trees grow with the fungi that have significantly longer stems, leaves, and roots.

One solution to the problem of energy that can be used as a substitute for fuel oil is biodiesel. Palm oil can be used as biodiesel raw material. The advantage of palm oil is its sustainable availability. However, the water content of palm oil still cannot meet the biodiesel quality requirements based on ASTM D975-08a and ASTM D6751-12 which is less than 0.05%. The purpose of this study is to model and optimize the concentration of zeolite and adsorption times to decrease water content in palm oil. The method in this research is to use activated zeolite adsorption. Data from the results of water loss in palm oil as a pretreatment in the manufacture of biodiesel will be processed using response surface methodology (RSM) with the central composite design (CCD) so that a model and optimum point of zeolite concentration and adsorption time can be found. The model produced using the response surface methodology (RSM) method with a central composite design (CCD) design in the form of quadratic equations. The optimization results produce an optimum value of water loss of 2.74% with an error rate of 4.20%. This optimum value is achieved by zeolites concentration of 13.20% and adsorption time of 126.11 minutes.

Soybean productivity can be increased through optimizing the agronomic performance and minimizing the yield losses due to pod shattering. The objectives of this studywere to evaluate the agronomic performance and shattering resistance of F7 soybean lines. Twenty-one F7 lines including three check varieties (Dega 1, Detap 1, and Anjasmoro) were evaluated in two soybean production centers (Blitar and Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia) from July to October 2018. The field experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The screening for shattering resistance was done by the oven-dry method. The results showed that the plant height, number of filled pods, seed size, and seed yield were higher in Mojokerto than in Blitar, meanwhile, the average branches number in Blitar was higher than in Mojokerto. The yield of Detap 1 (2.89 t/ha) was highest than the two other check varieties. Three lines produce higher yield than Detap 1, namely Anjs/G100H-44 (3.33 t/ha), Anjs/Rajabasa-306 (3.22 t/ha), and Anjs/Rajabasa-311 (3.26 t/ha). The agronomic traits for determining high yields differ between locations. The assessment for shattering resistance resulted in seven highly resistant lines, twelve resistant lines, three moderately resistant lines, one susceptible line, and one highly susceptible line. Three selected lines with high yield and resistant to pod shattering were recommended to be tested in the various environments.

The research aimed to study the release of N, P, K elements from slow release complete fertilizer (PUKAP JESTRO-1) and its effect on the growth of Siam citrus in a high density planting system (HDP). The release test of PUKAP JESTRO-1 was carried out in a laboratory, where the remaining N, P, K content in fertilizer was measured periodically. The influence test of PUKAP JESTRO-1, which compared with conventional fertilizer in the form of a single fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer, was carried out on a 1-month old Siam citrus planted on Grumusol (vertisol). The study used randomized block design with 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely 400 g/plant/year mixed fertilizer (200 g Urea + 150 g SP36 + 50 g KCl); 200 g/plant/year PUKAP JESTRO-1; 300 g/plant/year PUKAP JESTRO-1; 400 g/plant/year PUKAP JESTRO-1; 400 g/plant/year NPK YaraMila (16-16-16). The experimental results showed that PUKAP JESTRO-1 released N, P, and K until the fourth, tenth, and eighth week respectively. Application of PUKAP JESTRO-1 at 25% lower dosages produced better plant height compared to mixed fertilizer applications but did not significantly increase leaf N, P, and K levels due to the effect of dilution of elements in plant tissue.

Wound infection on the skin surface is colonized a wide variety of microorganisms. Microorganisms that cause inflammation of the skin surface is group of pyogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the class of pyogenic bacteria that produce β-lactamase enzyme and eliminate the antibacterial activity, especially penicillin. The existence of this enzyme will destroy β-lactam ring, so that antibiotics become inactive. This study aimed to detect presence of Staphylococcus aureus on pus from wound infection on the skin surface. This study was descriptive qualitative. Three samples of pus was isolated and identified by culture and biochemical testing using RapID STAPH PLUS. The results of the study identified two isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with a probability >99.9% and 1 isolate of Staphylococcus hyicus with a probability 86.92%.

One of the environmental problems faced by the Malang Regency is the high amount of waste generated by the community every day. The regions that are the biggest contributors for garbage are Singosari and Pakis Subdistrict. RW 16 in Mangliawan Village is one of the areas located in Pakis Subdistrict. The main problems happening in the region were the level of awareness and understanding of the community in managing waste were still low and the environment was arid and hot. The solution to overcome this problem was to invite the community to conduct a comparative study. The other activities were to provide accompaniment to the community of RW 16 to manage waste and to plant TOGA and vegetables. The program has been able to increase the community's awareness and understanding to manage waste, in addition, it can motivate the community so that they are willing to grow TOGA and vegetables in order to create a green environment.

Plant exploration activities were carried out in the Lappadata Forest Area, Matirro Bulu Village, Libureng District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi in July 2017. It was succeeded in recording as many as seven species of terrestrial orchids, namely: Eulophia nuda Lindl., Dienia ophrydis (J.Koenig) Seidenf., Crepidium koordersii (J.J.Sm.) Szlach., Nervilia aragoana Comm. ex Gaudich., Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr., Nervilia puntata (Blume) Makino, and Habenaria beccarii Schltr. They grew in shady and damp places on thick or humid soil. This paper will discuss the field notes of those terrestrial orchids found in Lappadata Forest Area.

Bemisia tabaci is the main pest of many food crops, plantations, and horticulture. This pest plays an important role as a vector of various types of viruses. This research was aim to study the efficacy of biological control of B. tabaci on soybean by using entomopathogenic fungi Aschersonia aleyrodis. The experiment was conducted in the screen house and laboratory of biopesticide, Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute in 2018. The experiment consists of; the evaluation of LD₅₀ and LT₅₀ of A. aleyrodis fungi on nymph and adult stage, pathogenicity of A. aleyrodis on various stages of B. tabaci, the impact of A. aleyrodis fungi infection to B. tabaci life cycle, and persistence of A. aleyrodis on soybean. The result showed that LD₅₀ of A. aleyrodis for controlling B. tabaci was used conidia density 10⁶/mL⁻¹ with LT₅₀ three days after inoculation. A. aleyrodis strain Aa-J18 obtained from B. tabaci was very pathogenic because it can kill nymph and adult of B. tabaci with the mortality up to 99%. Application of A. aleyrodis causing a decrease in fecundity of B. tabaci up to 83,84%, thwart egg hatching up to 96,78%, delayed egg hatching period up to three days, and shorten the period of a female adult up to 82,92%. Conidia suspension of A. aleyrodis that applied on the soybean surface in the afternoon was able to survive until the fifth week. Therefore, A. aleyrodis strain Aa-J18 has the opportunity to be used as a biological agent for controlling B. tabaci on soybean and potentially be used as an alternative to replacing chemical insecticide.

There are currently twenty textile companies in Indonesia that have voluntarily disclosed information about their release of hazardous chemicals from their production facilities on an internet page. The information disclosure is carried out using the PRTR system approach, and individually by the twenty companies. In the period of 2013 to 2019, together, 43 information disclosures were recorded. All companies that disclose their pollutant release data are located in locations with very high population densities. Meanwhile 75% of them operate in locations with high HDI levels. In addition, only one company that voluntarily disclosed their pollutant release data is not located in priority watersheds. This study might provide the first step for further research on the driving or pulling factors of the voluntary information disclosure. Information that should be the rights of the public.

This paper aims to compare these two different methods, which one is better yet easier to be used by the local community. This paper adopts a content analysis method in order to achieve the research objectives on bamboo as a sustainable construction material. The variables are determine better ways with low cost, short period of time, and the procedure of the treatment. This paper shows that the natural treatment for bamboo is better and much more friendlier to be practised by the local communities. Results of this study also inform that the procedures are complicated as compared to the chemical treatment but, it can be done easily by the local people who has more understanding of how to work with bamboo. The time needed for this natural process is the same as the chemical treatment, but the cost is cheaper. This study highlighted the importance of using the natural bamboo treatment for construction industry in Indonesia.

Indonesia is a country which exhibits full of dynamic in its physical development. There are existing kampongs, within the city rapid development growth, preserve with their abundant cultural and traditional potentials. Muslim kampongs are one of the traditional settlements embedded with significant Islamic characteristics. Religious or belief factor is one of the issues that determine occupational typology. In traditional society, this is a dominant aspect that signifies their community identity. In this research, the leading indicators include the nature of law, faith in religion and culture, design principal from Sharia law, and social principal. This study aims to investigate the relationship between traditional settlement patterns with religious influences, especially Islam in Indonesia through house orientation and their placement. This paper adopts a content analysis method to achieve the research objective of "Islamic Housing Typology." From the content analysis, it is discovered that the orientation and house placement has a significant relationship with the Muslim worldview. The existence of mosques and boarding schools are some of the factors forming the orientation of Muslim residential areas. This study enhances the existing literature on the importance of house orientation and their placement in the Muslim residential area.

Surabaya is a city that continues to grow from year to year. Various problems that can be identified in the city of Surabaya include population density due to immigration. Statistics show that in 2014 Surabaya's population reached 3,020,305 million with a total poverty line of 168,000 people or 5.97% of the total population. Surabaya east is one of the industrial areas in Surabaya which contributes to increasing emissions. This research is focused on the East Surabaya area with samples in Kendangsari Village, Rungkut Kidul Village and Rungkut Tengah Village. The three locations have the same character in the form of industrial estate supported by residential areas both settlements and surrounding housing. This research uses descriptive quantitative and qualitative approaches. Observations were made on several environmental aspects which were grouped into aspects of Quality (Q) and load (L). These aspects are aspects of the assessment of the Comprehensive Assessment Built Environment Efficiency - Urban Development (CASBEE-UD) index. Based on calculations it is known that the index for the East Surabaya region is (B +) Good, this index shows the quality level of the region one level below the quality of sustainable areas. The index results indicate that the region is approaching a sustainable status. Based on the results of calculations and scoring it is known that the environmental quality in this region is good at 3.5 (three points five), with a breakdown of the environmental quality index of 2.4 (two-point four), social quality index of 3.8 (three-point eight) and economic quality index of 4.4 (four-point four). However, the environmental burden received by this region is moderate, so the score obtained is 2.7 (two points seven).

The Kampung Tridi of Malang, located in East Java Indonesia, is one of the residential areas located on the banks of Brantas river. This area used to be a slum settlement with a compact living community that received less maintenance and facilities from the local authority. This paper discusses the results of the rebranding effort of Kampung Tridi as the riverbank residential area as an essential tourist attraction in Malang. Territories are an important part of survival, not only in terms of physical characteristics but also social comfort that can be achieved through house setting, space organization, and wholistic spatial planning. This study uses the content analysis method based on literature studying space territory in residential areas with variables, the stipulation of organization and spatial planning, identity, and agreement in the community or community. The results of this study indicate that the territories of public and private spaces in the Tridi village area after rebranding have changed the boundaries and characteristics of space territory caused by changes in the function of the area as a tourist village. This study informs on the importance of rebranding the slump settlement into a productive and active local tourism product.

Bamboo is one of the natural resources that are easy to find in forests, villages, and riversides area of tropical countries like Indonesia. On the other hand, architecture education in Indonesia has not focused much on bamboo as the potential architectural design material. Whereas bamboo has many potencies for many elements in architecture design. Architecture education is a possible way to explore and develop bamboo as an architectural element and introduce its potencies to the local communities. This paper is the initial desk study of multiphase research on the contribution of bamboo materials in architecture education towards sustainable community development. The objective of this paper is to explain the gap in the vast research topics on bamboo in order to define further research on how architecture education pays attention to the significance of bamboo as a sustainable material. The result shows that research topics on bamboo material are vastly developed in some areas and on the contrary is rarely explored in other areas of research. Research in architecture education and its teaching strategies to elevate the comprehension of the students on the topic of sustainable materials such as bamboo is hardly found.

Agroforest has an important role to supporting food security, energy, and water sustainably. Study aimed to determine cropping patterns types and plant diversity in agroforests applied by farmers in Wringin Village Subdistrict Wringin Situbondo Eat Java was conducted in March 2018 used explorative and descriptive methods. Data collection was conducted by field observation and interviewing the farmers. The field observation of the type of cropping pattern was conducted by purposive sampling in agroforests. The results showed that there were several types of cropping pattern in the fields. Combination of paddy gogo (Oryza sativa L.) and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with tree plants were dominance model of cropping patterns in agroforests applied by the famers in Wringin village. The cultivated plants in agroforests have potential as fruit, vegetable, food, spice, fodder, timber and medicinal plants.

At present industrialists must begin to shift from the industry as usual to an environmental industry or what is now known as a green industry. An important issue in the principle of green industry that needs to be understood and implemented is industries in their production processes implement sustainable efficiency and effectiveness in resources. The green industry is not only oriented towards improving the economic sector but also concerned with environmental sustainability. So the negative impact on the environment and the use of natural resources providers of industrial supports, does not result in a decrease in the carrying capacity and capacity of the environment. Therefore to realize the textile industry and textile products that are environmentally friendly, the necessity to develop industrial performance by integrating the principles of the green industry into the production process. This paper will explain the implementation of green industry characteristics that can be adapted into each stage of the production process in the textile industry and textile products, especially the batik industry. The characteristics of the green industry include the efficiency of the use of input materials, namely raw materials and auxiliary materials and the use of alternative materials that are more environmentally friendly, low energy and water intensity, minimization of waste both liquid and solid waste and reducing emissions due to the use of low-carbon technology. Each characteristic is equipped with criteria in the green industry standard (GIS) that can be used by textile and textile products industrialists, especially the batik industry in implementing the principles of the green industry.

The existing technology for growing groundnuts in drylands with the dry climate in East Sumba District of East Nusa Tenggara Province is very simple/ordinary, and the introduction of superior groundnut cultivar and improved technology are predicted will increase its productivity. The experiment was undertaken to find out the performance of improved technology and superior cultivars on increasing pod yield productivity. The experiment was done at Laipori Village, Pandawai Subdistrict, East Sumba District from February-May 2018. The experiment applied a randomized block design two factorial with three replicates. The treatments consisted of two factors. Factor one was five groundnut genotypes (five superior: Kancil, Hypoma 3, Hypoma 1, Hypoma 2, and Kelinci and one local Sandel cultivar), factor 2 was two types and dosages of fertilization (low: 50 kg Phonska/ha, high: 100 kg Phonska/ha+50 kg SP36+500 kg FYM/ha). The results indicated that initial soil fertility status was high pH (>7.0), low total N, moderate available P, high K, Ca, Mg concentration. The improved technology that has been tested consisted of superior cultivar of Kancil, and the application of 50 kg Phonska/ha. Kancil cultivar was able to increase pod yield by 26% higher than that of Local Sandel cultivar.

The production of bottled tea beverages generates a large amount of black tea waste, which may cause serious environmental problems without proper handling. Black tea waste has potential as natural batik dyes due to the tannin contains. In this study, the potential of black tea waste to dye batik on cotton and silk has been investigated. Black tea waste was extracted using water as the solvent with ratio 1:5 of material to solvent for an hour at 100 °C. The dyeing performance of the extracts was evaluated by measuring the K/S value and the chromatic values CIELab. The fastness properties of the dyed samples and the effect of different mordant type on dyeing quality were also studied. The fastness properties of the samples were in the range of good to excellent. The results show that there is a strong possibility to utilize black tea waste as natural batik dyes on cotton and silk.

The research was aimed to determine soybean productivity in various technological packages for soybean cultivation under palm oil plantations on tidal swamps. The research was conducted in Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatment consists of six technological packages, namely: (1) farmer's technology, (2) recommendation, (3) improvement-1, (4) improvement-2, (5) improvement-3, and (6) improvement-4. The results indicate that plantations of oil palm on type C tidal swamps is suitable for soybean development. On the tidal swamps with pH soils 4.30, low of K and Ca, recommendation technology can increase pH soils from 4.30 to 5.15; availability of P, Ca and Mg; N and K uptake; plant weight; filled pods and increase seed yields 86% from farmer's technology 1.00 to 1.86 t/ha. Improvement-1 technology increase pH soils from 4.30 to 6.05; nutrient availability (N, P, K, Ca and Mg); K uptake; plant weight; root nodules; filled pods and increase seed yields 100% from farmer's technology 1.00 to 2.00 t/ha. Increased doses of dolomite, organic, N and P fertilizers from improvement-1 technological packages did not significantly increase seeds yield. This finding suggest that for developing soybean on tidal swamps, recommendation or improvements-1 technological packages could be recommended.

The aims of this study was to evaluate the response of groundnut promising lines grown in various environments. A number of 18 groundnut lines and 2 checked cultivars were grown in 3 different environments i.e. lowlands with heavy and loamy soil texture at Ngawi and Banyuwangi Districts, and dry alkaline soils at Tuban District. A randomized block design with three replicates was applied in each site. Each genotype was planted in a 2 m x 5 m plot size with plant spacing of 40 cm interrows x 10 cm intrarow, 1 seed/hole. The basal fertilizer of 250 kg/ha composite NPK Phonska was applied at planting time. Location (site), genotype as well as its interaction significantly influenced the growth and yield variables. Four lines gave good yields at all sites i.e. BK10/LG5-295-50, BK1/LG5-37-64, BK1/LG5-B13-29-6, and BK1/LG5-B13-6-1. These four lines were less stable with its average pod yields were 4.0 t, 4.0 t, 3.9 t, and 4.0 t dry pods/ha consecutevely. Those pod yields were equal that those of checked cultivars Katana 1 and Hypoma 1. Instead of producing high pod yields, those four lines are resistant to leaf spot and rust diseases, so are merit to be proposed as newly superior cultivars.

An assessment was carried out on the dry land of Banjararum village, Singosari district, Malang regency East Java, from January to May 2017 (500 m asl). A randomized block design with four replications was used. As treatments were a). Control (without P), b). SP-36 with dose 125 kg ha-1 (standard); TSP with dose c). 50 kg, d). 100 kg, e). 150 kg and Rock Phosphate (RP) with dose f). 200 kg, h). 300 kg, h). 400 kg, i). 500 kg ha-1. Urea and KCl fertilizer with doses of 350 kg and 75 kg ha-1 were used in all treatment plots. The result showed that the application of TSP and RP fertilizers had the same effect as SP-36 on the plant growth and harvest yield. The best plant growth was obtained from the TSP and RP in the highest dose fertilizer. Observation of harvest yield and components of the yield also showed significant differences compared to the control and treatments of TSP and RP in the lowest dose. The highest yield was obtained at 150 kg/ha TSP treatment reaching 7.78 ton/ha-1 and not significantly different from the highest RP and SP-36 levels. RP fertilizer can use as an alternative to substitute of SP-36.

The aims of this study were to know flowering and fruiting pattern of the four Cinnamomum and their response in relation to seasonal change in rainfall, temperature and air humidity in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. The vegetative and reproductive activities were observed once per week based on the abundance of leaves, flowers and fruits using a scoring method from 0-4, for 6-8 years of observations. The rainfall per month, temperature, and humidity were simultaneously recorded. Data were analysed by Principal Component Analyses to determine the microclimate variables that have correlation to the reproductive activity patterns of all four species. Most species started flower budding during Juni – August, except C. burmanii which produced flowers 2-3 times per year in small quantity. Flowering of C. burmanii showed positively correlations with rainfall intensity, while flowering the other three species did not relate to microclimate in PBG. Six dry months preceding a long dry season in 2015 caused C. burmanii did not produce flowers and fruits.

A preliminary study of the site-specific inorganic fertilization on lowland rice was carried out in Jambu village, Burneh District Bangkalan Regency East Java Province from March to July 2014. The experiment used a factorial split-plot design, with 5 replications. As the main plot were two varieties of lowland rice namely Inpari 4 and Inpari 10; and as a subplot was fertilization (dose level/inorganic type) based on a. existing practices (250 kg Urea + 300 kg NPK Ponska + 100 kg SP-36) b. PSTK (300 kg Urea + 75 kg SP-36 + 150 kg NPK), c. PC (150 kg Urea + 350 kg Ponska) and d. SSNM (125 kg Urea + 300 kg Ponska). The observations showed that there was no interaction effect between varieties and fertilization to the plant growth and yield. These parameters were affected significantly only by fertilization treatment. The highest weight of plotting yield and harvest yield was obtained in the fertilizer treatment of 453.62 kg/6.25 m2 and 7.26 tons' ha⁻¹. Thus the use of assistive devices, especially the PSTK and SSNM applications were more efficient in the use of inorganic fertilizers with the yields equivalent to the existing practice by the farmers.

The getting older of people age, the density of bone will be further reduced. The process speed of bone formation decreases progressively after reaching peak bone mass in the age range 25-30 years. The reduction in bone density is known as osteoporosis. This phenomenon occurs due to an interruption on remodelling bone due to some conditions. Therefore, this study is going to simulate the effect of mechanical stimuli on femur bone density using walking and standing mechanical stimuli. In this study, there are four stages passed. First, build the femur bone construction which consists of two layers (cortical and trabecular). Then input the properties of bone based on age (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio). Then calculate the stress, strain and strain rate and calculate the bone density using thermodynamic equation of V. Klika and F. Marsik with Runge-Kutta method of 4th orde. The bone density given standing mechanical stimuli (1290 N) for age 25 is 0.7963 g/cm² and walking mechanical stimuli (1741.5 N) is 1.0698 g/cm². Then the bone density given standing mechanical stimuli (1200 N) for age 51 is 0.7703 g/cm² and walking mechanical stimuli (1620 N) is 0.9885 g/cm².

This study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains isolated from palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) sap. The EPS used were produced by two strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (N5 and N7) on different medium which were palm sap (EPS NSN5 and EPS NSN7) and MRS supplemented with sucrose (EPS MSN5 and EPS MSN7). EPS were given to BALB/c mice before infected by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results of flow cytometric analysis of spleen lymphocytes showed some EPS were able to increased cytokines production (IL-2, INF-γ and TNF-α) by CD4⁺ cells. IL-2 production decreased with EPS NSN5 and EPS NSN7, INF-γ decreased with EPS MSN7 while TNF-α decreased with EPS NSN7. These results indicated that the EPS produced by two strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides have immunomodulatory activity.

The research aims to observe the optimal dose of 15-10-18 NPK fertilizer in rice growth and yields. This research is arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 4 replications. Treatment consists of 8 combinations of fertilizing which resulted in 32 treatments of 4x6 m² plot⁻¹. The types of treatment studied are as follow: (A) Treatment with no fertilizer as control plot; (B) Treatment with recommendation dose of 200 kg ha⁻¹ Urea and 300 kg ha⁻¹ 15-15-15 NPK; (C) Fertilizer dose of 200 kg ha⁻¹15-10-18 NPK; (D) Fertilizer dose of 300 kg ha⁻¹ 15-10- 18NPK; (E) Fertilizer dose of 400 kg ha⁻¹15-10-18NPK; (F) Fertilizer dose of 200 kg ha⁻¹ Urea and 200 kg ha⁻¹15-10-18 NPK; (G) Fertilizer dose of 200 kg ha⁻¹Urea and 300 kg ha⁻¹15-10-18 NPK; (H) Fertilizer dose of 200 kg ha⁻¹Urea and 400 kg ha⁻¹ 15-10-18 NPK. Characters observed are as follows plant height, the amount of productive tiller, panicle height, unfilled grains percentage, the weight of 1,000 grain, and yields. The result showed that those treatments are significantly different in terms of plant height, the amount of productive tiller, unfilled grains percentage, the weight of 1,000 grains, and yields, but those treatments are not significantly different in panicle height. The highest R/C Ratio on F treatment (200 kg ha⁻¹ 15-10-18 NPK and 200 kg ha⁻¹ urea) reaches 3.18 and B/C Ratio 2.18 (income value IDR 27.966.000) with yields 7,63 ton ha⁻¹. It means that the high-potassium fertilizer of 200 kg ha⁻¹ 15-10-18 NPK and 200 kg ha⁻¹ urea is an optimal dosage to low-potassium-soil content.

Aerial web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the main soil borne pathogens which infects soybean crops. Biological control using antagonistic fungi has been reported promising to reduce the incidence of this disease. This study aimed to determine antagonistic activity of Trichoderma virens and T. asperellum against R. solani and to investigate total phenolic changes in soybean plants which interact with those Trichoderma in infected soil. Volatile metabolites produced by Trichoderma were also detected and identified. Antagonistic activity of five isolates of T. virens and five isolates of T. asperellum were comparable; the ranges of in vitro antagonistic activities were 88.7-99.6% and 85.7-91.3%, respectively. Both Trichoderma were able to reduce R. solani infection. Disease intensities of 22-40% and 24-40% for T. virens and T. asperellum were observed lower than that of control (> 50%). The increase of total phenolic and flavonoid contents depended on Trichoderma isolates. Volatile compounds were detected in both Trichoderma. Isolates of T. asperellum (F isolate) and T. virens (E isolate) triggered the increase of total phenolic contents which could be potential for biological control agents to induce systemic resistance in soybean.

The availability of bioactive compounds in rice bran can be increased through fermentation. This study aim to determine the effect of rice bran fermentation time by Rhizhopus Oryzae and rice bran extract concentration on antibacterial activity against Salmonella thypi. The time of rice bran fermentation were 5 and 7 days while as a control was rice bran without fermentation. Antibacterial test used the disk diffusion method with various concentrations of fermented and unfermented rice bran ethanol extracts which were 25%, 12.5% and 6.25% (w/v) as positive control using chloramphenicol and DMSO as negative control. The highest zone inhibitory analysis showed that the antibacterial activity of fermented rice bran extract for 5 days was 13.03 ± 3.08 mm, while for 7 days was 7.9 ± 3.44 mm and unfermented rice bran was 9.73 ± 1.1 mm. The results of this study showed that the fermented rice bran ethanol extract for 5 days had the highest antibacterial activity for inhibiting the growth of Salmonella thypi.

The wider the area of the blind, the more difficult it will be for them to carry out the activities carried out. This study aims to develop a tool that can be used to detect obstacles for blind people. This tool was developed with Arduino nano because of its small size, so it does not interfere with their activities and power consumption against the speed of low command execution. This tool is also developed using a proximity sensor (SRF-04), and GPS Tracking is a remote monitoring system that uses GPS Satellites as a determinant of the location of vehicles/assets to move accurately and accurately in the form of coordinates. The tool will be designed according to the needs of the blind so that they use feel safe and comfortable so that it is designed with feeling and the position of the sensor with the layout needed, based on the results of testing the blind visual aid to function correctly if objects are detected by proximity sensor and tool does not work if this tool is to identify holes because the sensor used is a distance sensor with a distance of 0 - 60 CM and GPS tracking can read the position of the user well with the position on latitude: 0.555698 and longitude: 123.056655.

Sprinkler irrigation is an alternative irrigation technology application that theoretically has a higher efficiency than open irrigation channels. In the form of the field, production of high- efficiency irrigation is achieved when most of the irrigation network is designed correctly and use an excellent tool and smooth operation. 4.0 to support the industry, irrigation precipitation can automatically be developed using the ESP8266 NodeMCU Android-based microcontroller. Tests in the laboratory by direct observation method. The statistical data analysis using the analytical statistic results of the T-test showed that the distribution of the automatic sprinkler water distribution compared to manual testing meets the T-test.

Nowadays, environmental problems are important issues that require people to respond in the right ways to prevent worse disasters. For that reason, environmental literacy discourse is an important issue to be built informal and non-formal education and in the public sphere. Environmentally literate individuals have the knowledge and skills required to analyze the environmental problems so that they can behave pro-environmentally. This paper has a purpose to know how the local young people in Trenggalek (a rural district in the southern coastal area of East Java) develop environmental literacy through a local portal of "Nggalek.co." The Trenggalek-based portal "Nggalek.co" is intended as the means for communicating their localities to their community and the world. This paper will explore the environmental literacy discourse presented in the portal by using Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough. This analysis applied three levels of analysis, micro, meso, and macro. The study shows that environmental literacy is a somehow essential issue in this portal, especially when it is related to governmental policy in environmental problems. The awareness of the environmental problems shows a high level, especially because it is directly related to people's daily life, that is when there is "natural" disaster people got direct impact.

Each instruction requires appropriate strategies and assessments, including instruction of chemical literacy. The subject matter of salt hydrolysis, which is closely related to daily life, is suitable for the instruction of chemical literacy. The purpose of this research was to produce a valid and reliable chemical literacy test (CLT) on salt hydrolysis to assess high school students' chemical literacy. This study applied the design of research and development and also surveyed. The test development was carried out through five stages, namely (1) literature review, (2) item development, (3) expert judgment, (4) pilot study, and (5) finalization. The survey was carried out integrated with the pilot study phase of the test development stage. The data of the pilot study collected by a valid and reliable test produced in the development stage was analyzed as survey data. The research and development produced a chemical literacy test consists of 24 accurate items with Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.605. Analysis of student performance using valid and reliable tests shown that the respondents' average chemical literacy score was 39.69 from a maximum score of 100. This score belongs to the upper low or lowers moderate category.

This article proposes a design model for vertical axis wind turbines based on drag forces by adding fix drag-reducing to the blades tested by subsonic wind tunnel with wind speeds of 3-6 m/s and opening angle variations of fix drag-reducing from 0, 15, 30 and 45°. The research explained that at the opening angle of 15° can improve the performance of the wind turbine model significantly at high wind speeds on the contrary for larger angle openings. The addition of fix drag-reducing instead reduces the performance of the wind turbine model considerably on all variations of wind speed tested.

New Organic Architecture stated that building must belong to the hill, not of the hill. One of the new organic principles is to be inspired by nature to be sustainable, healthy, conserving, and diverse. This paper explains how the new organic architecture approach is applied on the building to create the illusion of no boundaries between interior and exterior of the building. Methods of this study is descriptive qualitative methods on how the building applied the new organic architecture principles, adopting content analysis and cross-reference by the Holy Qur'an and Hadiths. Producing environment-friendly building which merges with surrounding nature.

Ferns have been used as medicinal plants in many tribes and communities all over the world. Nevertheless, some of them are less studied and rarely explored. Herein, we conducted the preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluated the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Pneumatopteris callosa, a fern species used by Balinese community for medicinal purpose. Tannins, alkaloids, triterpernoids, flavonoids, and reducing sugar were present in the extract. Moreover, the extract exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Eschericia coli and Pseudomonas sp and Gram-positive Bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract also shows the moderate DPPH free radical scavenging activity. These results validate the use of Pneumatopteris callosa as a medicinal plant.

This study aimed to determine the diversity and clustering of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) from Kupang District based on morphological and anatomical characters. This research used descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. To show the clustering relationship, we used the UPGMA method similarity by the Nei Li coefficient through the MVSP software program version 3.2. Results showed that there was a relationship of Faloak plants from both locations in Kupang district forming 4 groups including Group I (Kupang Barat populations); Group II (Taebenu 3 pupulation), Group III (Kupang Barat 3 and Taebenu 2 populations) and Group IV (Kupang Barat 2 and Taebenu 1 populations). The anatomical characters showed a clear similarity on the epidermal cell, thick inner wall, guard cell, and stomatal pore. The type of trichome on the leaves of Faloak plants from these two sub-districts also showing a similarity, namely non-glandular trichome type.

Cadmium pollution originating from factory waste and human activities is very dangerous because it has high toxicity and becomes a threat for aquatic organisms including tilapia as an aquatic animal that is sensitive to heavy metal pollution. Cadmium contained in water will enter the body of fish and damage organs, one of which is the testes. It will affect the productivity of tilapia and harm the farmers. Therefore, in this study, supplementation of probiotics and vitamin C was provided to repair testicular damage due to cadmium exposure. The parameters evaluated included the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the gonadosomatic index (GSI). Based on data analysis of MDA levels and GSI values, it is known that supplementary feeding (probiotics, vitamin C, and a combination of both) has a positive effect on the value of GSI, but testicular MDA levels only feed with vitamin C that can provide a positive effect.

The aims of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antifungal Soursop leaf extract against the fungus Candida albicans and determine the class of compounds that act as vaginal discharge. Soursop leaf was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The class determination of active compound by using multilevel composition fractionation method with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate solvent. The effectiveness test of antifungal of each fraction toward Candida albicans by diffusion method is so that the researcher can look at the inhibitory zone diameter, then identify them by using UV-VIS and FTIR spectrophotometry to determine the active compound as antifungal. The highest antifungal effectiveness of soursop leaf active compounds was the n hexane fraction with inhibition diameter 23.7 mm which was categorized as strong, compared to the positive control of ketoconazole with inhibition zone 22.5 mm and nystatin 15, 9 mm. The compound which is thought to have antifungal activity from the n- hexane fraction of soursop leaves is a terpenoid compound.

This study aimed to determine the effect of 5% skim and fermentation time on the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of soyghurt. This study used completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors: skim addition and fermentation time. Standard soyghurt consisted of soybean juice, granulated sugar (5%), and starter (2%) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus, fermented at 37oC for 10, 12, and 14 h. LAB were cultured in deMann Rogossa and Sharp (MRS) medium and then calculated by total plate count. The number of LAB in soyghurt with 5% skim addition is higher (1.76 x 108 CFU/ml) than soyghurt without 5% skim addition (5.9 x 106 CFU/ml). The number of LAB increased along with the length of fermentation. However, a significant difference in the average number of soyghurt lactic acid bacteria (p >0.05) are not found in 10 h, 12 h, and 14 h fermentation in both treatments. The longer fermentation time indicated that the pH of soyghurt was smaller. These results suggested that the addition of 5% skim and 14 h fermentation resulted in soyghurt with the highest number of LAB with pH of 3.25.

To increase the effectiveness of therapy and prevent such damage, nanocarriers can be used as drug carriers through intraarticular injection. The active ingredient of the drug is bound to the nanoparticle-wrapping membrane which is controlled by a magnetic field from the outside. The nanoparticles used in this study were nanomagnetites which were synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Then nanomagnetite is coated with a coating agent that can bind the active ingredients of the drug while preventing agglomeration and oxidation. The coating used carboxymethyl kappa-carrageenan (CMKC). CMKC synthesis was carried out by modifying kappa-carrageenan through two steps, alkalization of k-carrageenan using NaOH, to form alkoxy-k-carrageenan, then etherification of alkoxy-k-carrageenan with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) as reactant to produce carboxymethyl k-carrageenan (CMKC) in isopropanol and ethanol solvent media. The absorption of diclofenac sodium into nanomagnetite coatings was carried out on a phosphate buffer media of pH 7.4 with an absorption time of 30 minutes at room temperature. From the results of the research note that sodium diclofenac successfully adsorbed onto nanomagnetite coatings.

Moslems are required to remain consistent in wearing syar'i clothing. Sometimes, however, it is very difficult to distinguish between syar'i clothes and the non-syar'i ones, especially in the current millennial era and until the end of time there are many temptations that are not good. Digital image processing in the present day has become one of the areas that can be processed to help various problems associated with images. However, it requires very long processing time and ineffective processing. The CPU alone is not enough. Therefore, it takes processing time allocation that can cut the time to speed up the process. This study utilizes the way to speed up performance analysis of digital images through GPU. The performance analysis of GPU includes CUDA and Yolo because it allows specialists in parallel programming to use GPU resources and can perform the object detection process quickly and accurately by applying an artificial neural network to the image of someone who is wearing syar'i hijab as smart clothes for Moslem women. Several hardware, software, and file dependency specifications are employed to support the implementation process. The test results achieve the accuracy of 100%, proving that by using the implementation of Yolo under GPU.

String is one of mathematical modelling object has been studied in the world. In this paper, researchers focus on the construction analysis of the string motion model on Sasando. The purpose of the research is to determine the form of the string motion on Sasando musical instrument and validating the model. Construction analysis was done by identifying problems, variables, parameters, energies, and the forces occur on the string of Sasando. Based on the identifying results, mathematical model that represents the problem of string motion on Sasando expressed as a second-order linear partial differential equation with u denote the vertical displacement experienced by the string at the point x at time t. The first step of the validation test is simulations of mathematical models using Matlab. The result obtained shows the oscillatory motions and the string move towards the equilibrium position. It shows that mathematical model of the string motion on Sasando reliable to real case. However, the result of first step validation test are not sufficient to determine validity of the model and next step validation test are needed to complete this research.

Customer Price Index is one way to analyze the level of consumption needs of people for goods and services within a certain time. The development of the current Customer Price Index determination besides being influenced by time is also influenced by spatial heterogeneity between regions. In this study, the determination of the Customer Price Index was carried out in three cities in Probolinggo, Surabaya, and Kediri using the Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) approach. The GSTAR model is a time-series data analysis model that shows the existence of spatial heterogeneity between time and between regions. Based on the test results of the Matrix Autocorrelation Function and the Matrix Partial Autocorrelation Function, the best model is GSTAR with order 1 with the smallest Akaike Information Criterion value found in lag 1 which is 90.924.

This research aims to synthesize and characterize the properties of starch and starch/CMC-based bioplastics and to know the effect of sorbitol concentration on bioplastics produced. Characterization the bioplastics used SEM, FTIR and XRD as well as thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and resistant to water and acid. The result showed that synthesis of starch and starch-bioplastic success and the surface of bioplastics is uniform, except bioplastic from pure starch. Starch/CMC-based bioplastics is thinner (106.67 ± 5.13 μm), lower tensile strength (8.95 N), more easily degraded by water (33 hours) and acid (15 hours) but highest elongation at breaks (48.15%) than starch based-bioplastics. Sorbitol concentration is proportional to the level of elongation at break and the optimum concentration which added to starch-based bioplastic is 15 mL/20g starch.

This research aimed to analyze the effect of synthesis reaction medium polarity on the DS value of CMKC, we were studied the use of isopropanol-ethanolethyl acetate mixture at some proportion variation, as synthesis reaction medium, relation between polarity of reaction medium and DS value of CMKC, then determine optimum proportion of isopropanol-ethanol- ethyl acetate, as reaction medium, that was produced CMKC that has highest DS value. This research was done in two step (1) synthesize of cmkc by monochloroacetic acid (MCA) as etherification agent and mixture of isopropanolethanol-ethyl acetate as reaction medium (2) characterization of CMKC properties to determine the effect of synthesis reaction medium polarity against DS value. The results showed that reaction medium polarity affect on the value of DS. CMKC synthesis that was done in isopropanol-ethanol-etyl acetate 25:2:3 v/v has the highest DS value, 1.60.

The utilization of biodiversity can be classified according to several categories, including consumptive values, productive values, existence values, ecological values. Indonesia has a high diversity of bamboo. Bamboo is one of the plants that has an important role in Indonesia and other tropical countries. Almost every part of a bamboo plant has certain uses. This research was conducted in order to analyze the value of uses (bioprospect) of bamboo collections at Purwodadi Botanical Gardens. The study was conducted in January-February 2019. The research method was carried out by conducting semi-structured interviews with surrounding communities and identifying bamboo data in the collection as well as in the Registration Unit of Purwodadi Botanical Gardens. The results showed that there were 39 types of bamboo belonging to ten (10) genera in the Purwodadi Botanical Garden. The ten genera of bamboo include: (1) Bambusa, (2) Denderocalamus, (3) Dinochloa, (4) Fimbribambusa, (5) Gigantochloa, (6) Neololeba, (7) Scizostachyum, (8) Thyrsostachys, (9) Phylostachys, and (10) Pinga. Bamboo bioprospection analysis is done by Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) or cultural importance index. The highest cultural importance index (ICS) value of bamboo in Purwodadi Botanical Garden, indicated by Bambu Betung (Dendrocalamus asper) with an index value of 194 and smallest 107 by Bambusa balcoa

Along with the development of aquaculture activities, certainly, there are many problems that can interfere with the cultivation process one of the causes is because of parasite attacks on fish. One of the parasites that often attacks koi fish is Myxobolus sp. The purpose of this study was to determine the histological picture and the effect of giving Diflubenzuron on the damage to the gill tissue of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) with the treatment of Diflubenzuron. The method used in this study is an experimental method using 5 treatments namely (A) healthy fish, (B) fish infected with Myxobolus sp., (C) fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.01 mg, (D) of fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.02 mg and (E) fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.03 mg. Histopathological observations were made on gill tissue. The level of gill tissue damage can be determined by the scoring method. Based on the results of the study, there were three tissue damages found in histopathological observations of gill tissue, namely oedema, hyperplasia, and lamella fusion. Treatment of Diflubenzuron with different doses has a different effect on the level of gill tissue damage. The conclusion of this study, the treatment of Diflubenzuron 0.02 mg (D) has the best effect compared to other doses, evidenced by the reduction in damage to the gill tissue.

Non-operational satellites and other space junk, including jettisoned spent rocket stages, old satellites and other space objects, are creating a huge stock of garbage in outer space. Space debris environment poses a damage risk to spacecraft in Earth orbit and also poses the risk of damage on the ground if debris survives Earth's atmospheric re-entry. From the early 1960s, Indonesia has promptly begun to perform space activities. From rocket research and development in 1970, programs related to space science and technology in 1980, and currently Indonesia operates its own 6 satellites (5 in GSO and 1 in LEO). Indonesia has ratified Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 1967 (Outer Space Treaty) with the Law Number 16/2002 and also enacted Law Number 21/2013 on Space Activities. However, the lack of regulation regarding on environmental protection aspect on outer space should highlight Indonesian law system as the development of space technology threaten the territory also. This writing aims to study the space debris and environmental protection on the national level and utilized that as a means on space environmental sustainability in Indonesia.

Women's role in the implementation of public policy law is a way in developing a gender perspective law. This study is normative research that has an objective to investigate the influence of gender equality to the environmental law, it is able to be a reference for the government in setting a policy in the environmental field. In achieving Gender Equality and Justice through environmental policies requires the experiences, aspirations, needs, and problems of women and men that put in the process of planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating in various fields of life and development sector. This strategy is needed ro ensure that all society levels are able to access and participate in decision making, and they get benefits from the results of development based on their needs and aspirations.

This study aims to analyze the perception of instructors in the implementation of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2013, analyze the relationship between the factors forming perceptions with the perception of instructors in the implementation of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2013, and to determine differences in perception of Field Agricultural Instructors (PNS) and the Agriculture Day Off Field Worker (THL) on the implementation of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2013. The method in this study uses quantitative descriptive methods with survey techniques. The research location in Grobogan Regency took 19 Agricultural Extension Offices and a sample of 60 respondents. Analysis of the data used is the Spearman Rank and U-Mann Whitney with the SPSS 17.0 application program. The instructor's perception of the implementation of planning, implementation of funding and funding as well as supervision contained in RI Law No. 19 of 2013 is good. There is a significant relationship between access to information and local government policies. While the age factor, formal education factor and experience factor are not significantly related to the perception of the field agriculture instructor (PPL) regarding the Implementation of RI Law No. 19 of 2013 due to age, formal education factors and various factors. There is no significant difference between PPL PNS and PPL THL perceptions.

Discourse on the legal politics and public policy is an object of study that is never dry to continue to be explored and developed in accordance with the development of a nation's civilization. Looking at the issue in the industrial era 4.0 is a complexity. Various problems of state administration seemed to never end with the tragedy that stained the face of the motherland. The scientists in measuring solutions sometimes go too far between theories that are within the boundaries of diction and the realm of implementation of the stakeholders who are invisiting conscience. As if the reformation never guarantees who knows how long this nation will rise from adversity that has already spread to all lines. Is this country essentially being tested, regarding the political configuration and consistency of the constitutional "khiitah"? Or the problem of waves of corruption, collusion, nepotism and demoralization? This problem can certainly occur, when the people's representatives are more loyal to the pragmatic interests of the party through political promises of campaign that are suspended in action, so they tend not to care about the true mandate giver. Responding to the various empirical phenomena is not only needed a comprehensive legal breakthrough as a solution for the achievement of the nation's development goals towards a better. The mouth of this simple paper invites for a moment to discuss the nature of the country in the frame of prophetic religiousity as an alternative solution to the intellectual errors that are materealist-secular and far from the values of transcendence.

This study aims to determine the time of the laylatulqadr events that have passed, not to predict the time of the laylatulqadr events that will come. The determination of laylatulqadr time was done by analyzing earthquake data. The study was conducted in the month of Ramadan in 1421 H, 1423 H, 1425 H, 1429 H and 1432 H. The earthquake data was collected started from 6:00 PM to 6:00 PM for 30 days in the month of Ramadan. Earthquake data analyzed by observing the quantity and quality of the earthquake. The interpretation results showed that lalilatulqadr in 1421 H occurred on the second night of Ramadan month. In 1423 H, laylatulqadr happened on the seventeenth night in the month of Ramdhan. In 1425 H, laylatulqadr occurred on the sixteenth night of Ramadan month. While in 1429 H, laylatulqadr happened on the night of the twenty-eighth of Ramadan month. And in 1432 H, laylatulqadr occurred on the twenty- ninth night of Ramadan month.

The progress of a country is marked by the rapid development. The impact will require a lot of land to support development. Lately there has been a widespread process of releasing forest land for the benefit of the company as one of the sectors supporting economic development. Making this need to be further investigated in terms of the benefit of nature and humanity for the survival of human life in the future. Environmental fiqh as an idea which regulates how humans are able to synergize with nature appropriately in accordance with Islamic laws and certainly will not neglect the interests of the State. So that by using this approach development will not be hampered, but also can be realized. This study uses the method of literature by analyzing using the fiqh and usul ulh fiqh principles which strengthen the argument about the importance of the environmental Jurisprudence approach to achieving maslahat-based development.

This article proposes the mapping of earthquake potential zones in Regional Center 3 (Bali and Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia) using the clustering method. A suitable clustering method to group spatial and non-convex data, such as earthquake data, is the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN). We modify the epsilon parameter with the magnitude because it reflects the impact of the earthquake happens so that the epsilon value will be different for each point. Before the clustering process, magnitude is converted to kilometers (km) to determine the earthquake impact region, which will be used as epsilon. The earthquake impact region is obtained by computing the radius of the earthquake using the McCue Earthquake Perception Radius equation. This approach gives a good result for mapping the potential earthquake zones indicated by the cluster validity index that gives an average higher than 0 using the Silhouette index.

Nano cellulose was successfully isolated from sugarcane bagasse through sulphuric acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse cellulose. Physically, Nano cellulose was transparent and broken white. The crystallinity index of sugarcane bagasse nano cellulose was 80.72%. The particle size of sugarcane bagasse nano cellulose was 225 nm. Delignification process in isolation was successfully showed by releasing peaks in 1239.3 and 1507.7. It show C-O-C vibration of aryl group in lignin and C=C aromatic ring in lignin respectively. Sugarcane bagasse cellulose shows peaks at 1720.2 that represent COOH and hemicellulose carboxylic groups, while the others were not found. The crystallinity index of Nano cellulose was 42.65%. Nano cellulose film prepared in several concentrations (3%, 6%, and 9%). Nano cellulose film also prepared with adding HPMC 2%. Nano cellulose film prepared in 9% concentration was too strict and broken easily. The tensile strength and elongation of Nano cellulose film that prepared in 3% + HPMC 2% and 6% + HPMC 2% were 3.177 Mpa, 10.93% and 3.315 Mpa dan 3.7% respectively.

Fertilization is one of efforts to increase maize production, and among the commercial fertilizers is compound fertilizer, which contains NPK. Due to varied contents of NPK in such fertilizers, the research was conducted to study effectiveness of fertilizers that contain NPK (1510-20) against growth and production of maize. The research was conducted at irrigated field MK1 (dry season 1) from May to August 2017 at Sidorejo Village, Umbulsari Subdistrict, Jember Regency. The research used hybrid maize of var. P 31, organic fertilizer 2 t/ha, Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. There were 8 treatments of combined fertilization, so that there were 24 experimental plots. The treatments included Urea: 250 kg and 350 kg, NPK (15-10-20): 250 kg, 350 kg, 450 kg, and 550 kg. The standards of comparisons were without fertilizer and recommended fertilizer. Size of the experimental plot is 6 m x 6 m. Results of the research showed that the application of 250 kg urea + 250 kg NPK 15-10-20/ha produced the highest production of grains, 10.08 t/ha. It could increase the production for about 1.61 % in comparison with the recommended dose (350 kg urea + 450 kg phonska/ha) and increase 9.20 % in comparison with fertilization that used to be applied by the farmer (400 kg urea + 500 kg Phonska/ha). The highest RAE (Relative Agronomic Effectiveness) above 100 can be achieved by the application of 250 kg Urea + 250 kg NPK (15-10-20)/ha for about 102 %. The application of 250 kg urea + 250 kg NPK 15-10-20/ha has made profit Rp. 24,247,000 or using B/C ratio 1.724 is higher than fertilization using the recommended dose (350 kg/ha urea + 450 kg/ha NPK Phonska), which made profit Rp. 23,811,000 or using B/C ratio 1.714. Based on yield of grains and farming calculation, it is suggested to apply 250 kg urea + 250 kg NPK (15-10-20

In order to improve growth and increase the crop yield, the balanced fertilizer application of Nitrogen (N), Phosphor (P), and Potassium (K) is highly required. The objective research was to study effectiveness of inorganic fertilizer NPK – MgO "Ecobion" on growth and yield of maize. The research was performed on dry land, Dengkol Village, Singosari Subdistrict, Malang Regency. The research applied Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. Combined inorganic fertilizing management of NPK –MgO "Ecobion" consisted of 8 levels, such as A = without fertilization, B = 350 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36 + 450 kg NPK "Phonska"/ha, C = 350 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 200 kg NPK – MgO "Ecobion"/ha, D = 300 kg Urea/ha + 25 kg SP-36/ha + 300 kg NPK – MgO "Ecobion"/ha, E = 250 kg Urea/ha + 400 kg NPK – MgO "Ecobion"/ha, and F = 200 kg Urea/ha + 500 kg NPK – MgO "Ecobion"/ha. Data analysis used ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and followed by DMRT test 5%. Result of analysis on inorganic nutrient NPK-MgO "Ecobion" including NPK, due to N = 13.91%, P2O5 total = 12.73%, and K2O = 18.54%, so that cumulative contents of N, P and K > 30% that is 45.18% and each content of N, P, and K is higher than 8.0%. The study also revealed that fertilizing management F= 200 kg Urea/ha + 500 kg NPK – MgO "Ecobion"/ha had the best growth (plant height, number of leaf per plant, stem diameter, Leaf Area (LA), Leaf Area Index (LAI), yield components (diameter of ear, ear length, weight of 100 grains, ear weight per plant, and yield of dry grains) in comparison with other fertilizations and produced the highest dry grains of maize, 8.72 ton/ha, with the gross weight IDR. 33,855,000 and the highest net income (profit) (IDR. 21,657,500; R/C-ratio = 2.77. Fertilizing management F = 200 kg Urea/ha + 500 kg NPK – MgO "Ecobion" showed 189.6% effectiveness (RAE > 100%).