Table of contents

We are pleased to present the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Smart City and Innovation that was held in Semarang, Indonesia, October 9, 2019 organized by Diponegoro University. This event is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the result of cooperation among six universities in Indonesia, namely the University of Indonesia, Diponegoro University, Padjajaran University, Sriwijaya University, Udayana University, and Sumbawa University of Technology that are involved in the project of Sustainable Higher Education Research Alliances (SHERA).

The SHERA-SMART CITY (Scientific Modeling, Application, Research, and Training for City-centered Innovation and Technology) aims to enhance the quality and quantity of science and technology research in Indonesia's higher institutions. Hence, this conference is organized to encourage the researchers to share their scientific works in response to urban challenges, including the adoption of sustainable energy for urban built environment and urban systems, as well as the provision of reliable urban mobility and sustainable water management.

The proceeding presents the work of the academics around the world who research various topics of smart city discourse particularly related to the topics of energy-environment and infrastructure. This conference had received considerable attention from academics. A total of 132 abstracts and 83 full papers were submitted and followed a blind peer review process. There are 41 papers selected to be published in this proceeding. We like to take this opportunity to thank the reviewers who donated their time to ensure the quality of the papers.

The Editor and the 2nd International Conference on Smart City and Innovation Committee expect that readers of this proceeding will find the research presented in this proceeding are interesting and encouraging future collaboration among the researchers.

Best wishes,

Maya Damayanti, Editor

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The use of coal which is dominated by hard coal is projected as the main energy source (± 25%) in 2050 according to the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 79 of 2014. The use of low-rank coal as a substitute for hard coal through the Upgrading Brown Coal (UBC) process is supported by the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 77 of 2014 concerning the obligation to increase the added value of mining products. The use of UBC products can reduce the amount of coal consumption by up to 50% of the use of low-rank coal The UBC process is still being developed, as in this study, a mixture of low-rank coal and waste cooking oil is used as a coating material to cover the coal pores after the watering process. The variation in the mixing ratio of low-rank coal and waste cooking oil is 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3, with a variation of the heating temperature and mixing mixture of 100°C; 125°C; 150°C; 175°C; and 200°C. The analysis showed that the best conditions are found at a ratio of 1: 3 with a temperature of 175°C, wherein the results of the inherent moisture showed a decrease of 21.95% with a calorific value of 7462.82 cal/g. The high calorific value obtained was proven by the flame that occurred for 14 minutes for 50 g of the UBC product sample in the best variable with ash content of 2.92 %, and volatile matter by 64.77%.

The plasma gasification method is known as a new technology to produce hydrogen from MSW as a fuel for power generation. Recently, it has become a crucial issue due to the rapid increasing amount of waste, along with the increasingly national population in Indonesia. The goal of waste management is as a material recovery (MR), as an energy recovery (ER) and minimizing the environment impact. The plasma gasification modeling was developed based on plasma torch technology to estimate the syngas composition and energy potential. The process simulation is optimized for mixed steam and air as a gasifying agent. This study is to obtain the essential parameter to have the better content of H2 in the syngas, better plant efficiency and lowest CO₂ emission for developing urban built environment with lesser greenhouse gases (GHG). Result shows that, the ratio of Steam to Waste: 0.08 %, the air mass flow rate: 1.11*10⁻³ kg/s and the steam mass flow rate: 01.11*10⁻⁴ kg/s gain the highest molar fraction of H₂ : 32.09%, Syngas Yield : 1.28 Nm³/kg, Carbon Conversion Efficiency : 5.83%, Cold Gasification Efficiency : 77.96% and the CO₂ emission : 2.23*10⁻⁴ kg/s.

Repeatedly use of cooking oil can cause increasing free fatty acids and peroxide value contained. Therefore, continuous exposure to used cooking oil has known resulting hazardous impacts on the environment and also to human health. Hence, it is necessary to purify used cooking oil before it is discharged to the environment. Durian peel contains high cellulose ranging from 50% - 60%, which is eligible to be used as carbon adsorbent's raw material for used cooking oil purification. This study produced a kind of carbon adsorbent from durian peel through a carbonization process that lasted for 2 hours at 500°C combustion temperature with a chemical activation using H₂SO₄ 1 N. This study was carried out with the adsorbent weight of 6 grams and various contact times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The most favorable results obtained after contact time was 0.0637% of free fatty acid, 0.41 meq O₂/kg of peroxide value, and 0.9022 gr/ml of density, respectively, at 150 minutes contact time.

One of the smart city indicators is a smart environment. Smart environment is a setting which can be a catalyst for its citizens, support them to be aware of a local engagement in managing their existing natural resources. The local engagement is not only shaped by formal strategies, but also by local wisdom. Local wisdom is a community understanding that is used as a reference in daily life activities. Based on its history, the Malay Kampong (Kampung Melayu) Semarang which was formed in 1743 has strong local wisdom as a basis for arranging the district. Settlement patterns based on ethnicity and culture, building patterns that are sensitive to the floods and tidal ranges, multicultural-based district, make this region able to survive hundreds of years to maintain its existence and can be a representation of the smart multicultural environment in Semarang. The current environmental degradation in this area is the basis for the research. Is local wisdom still maintained here? Or is there a shifting meaning of local wisdom at this time? This study aims to explore the role of local wisdom of Malay Kampung Semarang as a representation of a smart environment. This study combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to identify the influence of local wisdom in Malay Kampung Semarang on flood resilience and tidal. The analysis of the smart environment model is based on the interaction of wisdom and influence on the district arrangement. The result of the study shows that local wisdom is an effort to improve the living place to be more sustainable in the event of flooding and tidal. Efforts made to elevate the floor of the building, height of buildings, elevate the street, build houses with a stage model, and make the second floor of the house represent a smart environment in the form of sustainable urban planning in the Malay Kampung Semarang.

The changes associated with digitalization, are rapidly messing up the old pattern, leading to the creation of a new system. The expansion of technological applications such as Uber or Gojek, leads to the development of a unique transportation model thereby, creating informal parking spaces for online taxi bike drivers. These spaces are self-formed, random, not formally planned, and located at strategic locations to suit the needs of users. In order to explore the phenomenon of informal public space, this research conducts the following: 1) Traces online taxi bike; 2) Identifies its potentials and problems; 3) Analyses the spatial pattern; and 4) Figures out the pattern and its impact. Data was obtained by direct observation in Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang. This research therefore aims to understand the existing conditions faced by the new paradigms in Indonesia. The result is a spatial interaction pattern of informal space due to online taxi bike activities, such as T-junction, and under trees spot, with digital technology used to scrub the problems associated with driving forces.

The development of tourism in Bali is very rapid, where most area are in direct contact with residential areas. Seagrass that grows in coastal area is under pressure due to tourism activities. This study aims to determine the state of urban coastal areas with an indicator of organisms associated with seagrass Cymodocea serulata. The samples of C. serulata leaves were collected from Sanur Beach, Denpasar and Samuh Beach, Nusa Dua, Badung, Bali. These two areas are tourism areas with high tourist visits, and are located near the residential areas. Sanur Beach is different from Samuh Beach, where the seagrass habitats at Sanur Beach are also used as a mooring place for motorized boats, crossing Penida strait from Sanur to Nuas Penida and Nusa Lembongan. The results showed that periphyton that lived in association with C. serulata were higher at Samuh beach (12 species) compared to Sanur beach (3 species). However, the total bacteria associated with seagrass leaves was higher at Sanur beach (58. 0 × 104 CFU / mL) compared to that of Samuh beach (51.3 × 104 CFU / mL). Three species of periphyton with the high number of individuals found on C. serulata leaves at Samuh beach were Ardissonia fulgens, Synedra sp, and Thalassionema nitzschioides, while 3 species were found at the Sanur beach were Thalassiothrix sp, Oscillatoria sp. and Paracalanus palvus. Four potential fungal species were found associated with seagrass leaves, 3 of them identified as Aspergillus eff. niger, A. clavatus and Penicillium purpurogenum, while 1 isolate has not been identified. The results of this study found that habitat differences and water designation affected the diversity of organisms associated with seagrass beds of C. serulata.

Majority of the urban society has a problem with their organic waste. One alternative urban waste utilization as food production can be obtained by producing Single Cell Protein (SCP) through Neo-Carbon Food (NCF). NCF is a single cell production based on microorganisms using CO₂ emissions and urban organic waste as the main raw material for hydrogen oxidizing bacterial growth. NCF are potential because contain high protein, requiring less land and water, reducing pollutions and the GHG emissions. So, NCF can decrease GHG emmisions to overcome climate change and also as sustainable food.

Fe3Âl alloy for hydrogen storage was successfully synthesized from Fe (70 wt%) and Al (30 wt%) through ball-mill method in 5 hours milling and Ball to Powder Ratio (BPR) 10:1 to produced mechanical alloy. The results was confirmed by XRD diffraction pattern at 2¸ = 44.791° (10) which is characteristic peak of Fe3Al. The material was applied on hydrogen storage to form metal hydride in which at various temperature and pressure. The Fe3Al alloy performance for hydrogen storage for fuel cell application was indicated from the capacity of hydrogen adsorption and the ability to supply hydrogen for fuel cell. Characterization by using SEM-EDX on adsorption used alloy showed that Fe3Al Alloy has homogeneous surface and no cracks revealed. XRD pattern of alloy after being used to adsorb hydrogen showed a typical pattern at 2¸ = 44.667° (11). Based on the results it can be concluded that hydrogen storage capacity increases with increasing temperature and pressure, and the average adsorption capacity were 58%. Hydrogen storage by the metal hydride method has met the storage criteria established by the US Department of Energy (DOE) as clean and efficient urban energy for the future.

The production of hydrogen gas from aluminum waste by Aluminum-water methods at various condition has been successfully performed. The hydrogen production is a very important for support the fuel cell application Hydrogen was produced both in the acidic and base conditions at various temperature and using lithium as the activator. The urgencies in this research were effective and cheaper methods. The highest hydrogen production from reaction 0.3 g aluminum with 30 mL hydrochloric acid 2 M at 50 °C in 10 minutes was 348 mL. Meanwhile, the best condition for aluminum water methods for 0.3 g of Aluminum as reactants, were 3 mL water, 5% w/w lithium content and 100 mesh aluminum particle size. Furthermore, using KOH as a catalyst, gave hydrogen product 670 mL with the rate at 67 mL/min.

The existence of home-based enterprises (HBEs) as the activities that utilize house as a place both to live and to generate income has been challenged by competition among them. The enterprises can take the advantages of technological advances to overcome this issue. One of the technologies that support the development of HBEs is online motorcycle taxi as a part of innovation in the urban infrastructure. The research case study area is around the area of UNDIP Tembalang-Semarang that is known as an education and housing area with many culinary businesses supplying the needs of students and the local community. Hence, this study takes a case of culinary HBEs that benefits from the existence of food delivery services provided by online motorcycle taxi. This study aims to examine the role of food delivery services provided by online motorcycle taxi in the development of culinary HBEs around the education area. This research uses both quantitative and qualitative descriptive method. The roles of this online services are examined from the perspective of culinary HBEs owners, online motorcycle taxi riders, and the consumers. The result is that there are several roles of online motorcycle taxi services namely maximizing business potential, helping business promotion activities, and providing easy access to customers, can be seen from the increasing income offline and online transactions and also the increasing service coverage of the culinary HBEs.

Sumbawa has the potential to transition into a smart city, utilizing solar energy as their main source of its alternative energy. Located in the tropical country of Indonesia, Sumbawa's dry season lasts eight months, during which it sees a solar intensity of 4.51 watt/m²/h, making solar energy a promising resource for the area. Its level of abundance and no pollution attribute are the main factors that make solar energy an attractive renewable resource. Raw calculation showed that solar energy is able to provide massive amount of energy, while solar panel and photovoltaic can produce zero greenhouse gases when converting solar energy into electricity. However, the high initial cost of installing solar cells hinder popularization of it as an alternative energy source, meanwhile some of the substance materials that compose solar panel may have a negative impact on the environment. This study intends to review the potential for inexpensive semiconductor-based solar panels to be applied as independent source of lighting by analysing the cost and environmental impact. Discussion on simple chemical method without high cost equipment instalment is also highlighted in this work, which offers recommendation of methods that can contribute on lowering the production cost of solar panel.

Geroldsäcker eco-housing is a unique project located in the northeast of Karlsruhe, in a 1.24-hectare plot with constructed area of 5.600m². The planning of the project started in year 1989 and its completion happened in 1992. It is composed of 40 residence units: apartments and 3 store row-houses with private garden. The initial concept was an ecological settlement with common infrastructure and spaces for human interaction, using constructive ecological materials and devices for the residences and common areas. The community living sense is one of this project's highlights. The 120 residents not only share common spaces, such as a community house destined to events and practice of activities, but also developed task groups to cover all necessary workspaces in the settlement. What can be observed nowadays is that Geroldsäcker, even being implemented 3 decades ago, presents several important sustainability aspects in the ecological, social and economic dimensions. What started as a pilot project at a time when the definition of sustainability was still under discussion, can be considered a model not only of sustainable housing, but also as a broader model for sustainable communities. This paper explores the aspects identified in Geroldsäcker eco-housing project leading towards a sustainable community concept. Potentialities and improvement points are analysed, considering current urban challenges, such as high demand and costs for land, lack of public land for experimental projects, efforts to stimulate bottom up processes, the behaviour of current generations, the need for new and environmental friendly constructive patterns, and how to aggregate stakeholders to boost new models of sustainable communities projects.

The coastal area is a physically productive area, but is easily degraded which may be due to the lack of planning or even natural factors. The coastal area in Gianyar has experienced a drastic physical development, especially after it is declared as Lebih Tourist Zone or Lebih Tourist Zone (LTZ) and the construction of the arterial road between Tohpati and Kusamba. The study documented in this paper discusses: (i) the form in which the coastal area in Gianyar are utilized post the recognition as the LTZ; (ii) the factors that influence the changes in land utilization in this region; and (iii) how does this condition affect the sustainability of the LTZ. Fundamentally, this study applies the conception of sustainable development and the descriptive qualitative research method. The data were collected through field surveys and in-depth interviews with the land owners, land users, and the authority. The research results showed that the LTZ has experienced a significant change, both physically and non-physically. The factors that influence this change in function is the physical condition of the land, economy, institutional factors, and accessibility. This change has implications for the environment, economy and social culture. This study concludes to develop the sustainability of the LTZ some fundamental actions must be made, namely: evaluate the usage of land, establish clear and restricting zoning law to anticipate any land use violation; consistency in the layout plan; the active participation in the control of land use by the government, the people and private sectors; providing incentives and disincentives in utilizing the space.

Y generations, or better known as the millennials, are currently the most significant addition in work place. Globalization and industry 4.0 development are the biggest external factors that shaped their character. Both of them has changed the way millennials live as a part of the society. This characters are reflected in the work place in a form of collaborative work. It is becomes the main reason why coworking spaces are now a global trend. Coworking spaces exist as a manifestation of millenials adaptation in occupying work place. With its shared-knowledge based system as the main concept, coworking spaces need a certain proximity with one another. It has an impact on coworking spaces distribution that tends to concentrated in a certain area, particularly in existing industrial cluster. This phenomenon is often called agglomeration economies or spatial clustering. The emergence of coworking space and the phenomenon of agglomeration are most likely occured simultaneously in urban environment. It is also occurred in Jakarta. However, it is still in its early development compared to Silicon Valley. Reflect on that successful cluster and based on current development studies on agglomeration economies, this paper will discuss about coworking space and cluster agglomeration process, relation, and potential capacity which will be integrated with Jakarta spatial structure current condition. The results will indicate the city structure adaptation towards cluster development and give depiction to foresee its future development possibilities.

The use of simulation has proven to be helpful for many academics from various disciplines in the last decade. In the field of pedagogy, not only does simulation help in learning something new, but it also can be utilized as a learning tool for students. Today, there have been a lot of academic discourse of what kind of competence that can be harvested from the use of simulation. On the other hand, spatial intelligence is one type of intelligence whose existence is foreshadowed by the two more popular intelligence today; verbal and mathematical intelligence. To this day, only a few studies have thoroughly explored how to develop spatial intelligence, but only for children. This lack of dedicated framework and research has produced a consequential impediment for the uptake of simulation use in university-level education, particularly in spatial- oriented subjects. This paper addresses this shortcoming by reintroducing several key information regarding simulation, model, gamification, and its connection to spatial intelligence. This literature review will then be applied to an urban planning simulation game case study of SimCity. The result of this paper shows that there are several types of simulation that can train specific spatial competencies, which will further students' spatial competence.

To optimize agricultural yields on increasingly shrinking agricultural land in Bali, hydroponic cultivation is the solution. Compared to conventional planting, hydroponic planting uses different methods. This method causes one disadvantage in hydroponic planting. The weakness is the skill of farmers in monitoring their crops. To help farmers monitor their hydroponic plants, a system is needed. The system should be able to monitor and inform farmers about the condition of their crops. This study designed and built a hydroponic plant maintenance system using a single board computer, microcontroller, sensor, and actuator. The microcontroller is used to collect data from sensors. Next, the data is forwarded to a single board computer to be processed into information. The information will be forwarded and stored into the server, and then continued to the farmers concerned through smartphone devices which are connected to the internet. Then, the farmers make decisions according to the information. On this system, a single board computer, microcontroller, sensor, and actuator are in a local connection. Single board computer that is connected to the internet in such a way, that it is able to transmit data to the farmers' smartphone devices. The communication between single board computer and microcontroller is using web services based on JSON-RPC, and from the single board computer to the farmer's devices is using web services with the REST architecture. The conclusions from this study are the system built is able to monitor the hydroponic plants and inform the farmers using their smartphone.

Estimates of online transportation users in an area need to be known because it can be used to analyze how much the dependence of the traveler on online transportation. So that it can be seen how the travel patterns of online transportation users. However, research on the impact of weather variables on the selection of modes of online transportation has not been widely implemented. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the weather by entering dry season and rainy season variabel related to daily travel behaviour on online transportation. This research was conducted at Tembalang Semarang, and the target of respondents was students. The analytical results show that, in general the existence of rainfall is associated with a certain degree of online transpotation user of go car/grab car increase. So we can conclude that weather-related variables were found to routine/daily trips.

Disaster are becoming more frequent around the world and more intense in urban areas. Central Java is the province with the largest number of disasters in Indonesia. Disaster create amount of disaster waste and sometime very huge, many times comparing to daily municipal waste generation. Government and local citizen sometimes are unable to handling disaster waste. Since effective implementation of disaster waste management (DWM) will lead quick and better recovery of living and avoid more environmental risk, high level regional government such as provincial should help. To make effective support, it is important that provincial government develop a model to monitor disaster waste generation in each regency and cities. This study aims to develop basic framework of regional model for disaster waste estimation and distribution in provincial level. This study used Central Java Province as a case study. To estimate disaster waste in Central Java, this study developed an index system as a basic model. It is about basic comparison of disaster waste generation in all central java regencies or cities. Disaster waste is associated with total disaster events. This study utilized GIS tools to express model and system. This study developed of regional model disaster waste estimation in Central Java, divided by 3 sub decades. Study result shown that in first decade 1990-1999 the highest index of disaster waste estimation is Brebes Regency. Second decade 2000-2009 the highest index of disaster waste estimation is Semarang Regency and the third decade 2010-2018 the highest index of disaster waste estimation in Cilacap Regency.

This literature review was conducted to provide an explanation about technology in property development process. The knowledge on technology is important for property developer to remain competitive in property industry. If a property developer does not understand about technology in property development process, they will likely be out of business. Information related to technology in property development hasn't been widely discussed, thus it may be difficult for novice property developers to join the industry. The method of this study is literature study. There are three technologies in the property development process, namely Property Technology, Financial Technology and Construction Technology. Most authors explain more about financial and construction technologies in property development. Most authors are unable to separate Property Technology from Financial Technology and Construction Technology. Only a few of them have critical way of thinking in relation to the definition of Property Technology which leads to innovation and bring about revolution in its development. There are rooms for learning on the Impact of Property Technology that change the property development process.

This paper focuses on the provision of bus stop facilities provided by the Trans Jateng, a BRT-claimed bus system provided by Central Java Province that connecting southern periphery of Metropolitan Semarang to the urban core. One of their functions is to increase public interest in using public transportation in their daily transportation among the city center to the periphery vice versa. The study aim is to assess the quality of service of the bus stop in the sub-urban corridor from Ungaran to Bawen based on the user opinion and perception, which are analyzed by using 5-rating Likert scale gathered from interviews conducted by using questionnaires. There are three variables used in this study: location, physic, and service level. The result reveals the service quality of the bus stops is 2.94 so it tends to be quite good with the value of the three variables are 3.29 (good enough), 2.52 (not good) and 3.01 (good enough) respectively. They turn out input and provide suggestions to improve the bus stop services in their physical aspect as well as their location. The improvement is expected could increase public preferences on public transportation utilization, especially in their travel between city center to the periphery vice versa. The shifting private to public transportation is needed to reduce vehicle emissions that could support a more sustainable development in Semarang Metropolitan Development.

Various efforts have been made to overcome the problem of congestion in Palembang, one of them is to provide Light Rail Transit (LRT) which has been operating since July 2018. Analysis of the relationship between the needs of LRT, travel characteristics and characteristic of LRT operation is needed to evaluate the LRT level of service. Level of service of LRT can be assessed from route service, integration of LRT modes with other public transportation, travel time and cost of travel demand. Based on this, the research aims to model the need for LRT in Palembang City on the Transit Oriented Development (TOD. TOD is an area that has the potential to be developed into an integrated area between land use and transportation systems including LRT transportation mode in the area. Travel and mode choice characteristics data of respondents are collected on households in the TOD area. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method is used to modelling the needs of LRT. The model can be used to determine the relationship between variables the need of LRT, travel behaviour characteristic and LRT operation characteristics. The result of the study shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables on TOD area around LRT stations in Palembang.

One program in sanitation improvement is the construction of public toilets in coastal slums located in Demaan, Jepara Regency. The public toilets construction is a substitute for the helicopter latrines above the sea. However, most of public toilets still cannot be beneficial to the community, because there are many obstacles in its management. The purpose of this study is to examine the form of public toilet management in coastal slums with smart community approach in Demaan. The research approach uses qualitative methods. Data collection techniques are done by observation and in-depth interviews. Sampling technique using snowball method. The informants are the community who is user of public toilets, public toilet management institutions and government agencies related to the construction of public toilets. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive method and Engagement-Participation-Empowerment method. Based on the analysis result, community empowerment include establishing public toilet management institutions along with regulations and financial management, as well as developing economic values and the benefits of public toilets by adding other potential functions/activities accompanied by the use of information technology in the form of the internet. Smart communities for the development and management of public toilets can be achived if smart people have succeeded according to their ability, openness, thinking, flexibility and creativity in utilizing proper toilets.

Surabaya is a metropolitan city in Indonesia, with the 4 million population. Therefore, it takes the smart city system to help The Government to optimize their service for citizen needs, and increasing its life quality, by putting interaction in the community based on ICT. Surabaya as a coastal city located on north coast of East Java Province make this city has several district in coastal area, one of them is Bulak District which is known as the fishing settlement integrated with tourism. Their character, totally different with midtown settlement. So do the given policy, there will be a difference treatments between coastal and midtown settlement. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the characteristic of coastal settlements that will support Surabaya as a smart city. This study aims to determine the criteria of urban settlements development in Surabaya based on smart city concept, focused on coastal urban settlement. To achieve this goal, it will use qualitative and quantitative approach (mixed method) which focuses on field conditions and community preferences in the location of settlement in the study area and must be through the 3 stage analysis. The first stage is identifying the smart potentials of coastal settlement using qualitative descriptive analysis. The second is identifying influential variables with using Confirmatory Factor Analysis feature on SmartPLS Application. The third was a determination of smart coastal settlement criteria using Pairwise comparison-triangulation. The result is there are 13 criteria of smart coastal settlement, spreaded on 6 major dimension. These criteria became a basic of dynamic measurement for smartkampung prototype which has so far resulted for identification and intelligence character on Bulak coastal settlement, included an entrepreneurship activities with local resources and uses ICT in its development; good accesibility which supported by the community's ability to follow transportation technology; ICT-based environmental management activities and community participation; creative community, open-technology-minded and able to preserve local coastal culture; sea tidal disaster free area that is equipped with mitigation facilities; developing an ICT-based tourist attraction area, and also achieving positive impact from the online Government's service.

Kampong Batik is one of thematic urban kampongs located in Semarang inner-city with batik production and sales as the main activities. One of the important issues related to this kampong is batik waste management; there is not installation wastewater treatment plan. It caused by several reasons such as land availability, fund, government and community commitment. Therefore, this paper intended to analyses the batik waste management model through collaborative planning strategy. It used qualitative research method through interview and observation techniques. Likewise, secondary data has also used as the data collection method. The research objectives was break downed into several activities; first, identification of existing waste management. Second, analyze waste management gap that compare between the existing situations with the expected performance. Then, it can be structured the collaborative waste management model as the third objective. This study output is a collaborative model in batik waste management that emphasized on the managerial aspect rather than the physical aspect.

Urban infrastructure or basic facilities such as museum is essential as the component of smart city. To support a natural museum for instances the exhibit of historical building in "Kota Lama Semarang "or The old city of Semarang, this paper used the QR code to recognising the information on the historical buildings, Kota Lama, Semarang. Leaflet map of Semarang Historic building commonly used to provide the location information. However, leaflet map has a limitations, it cannot provide enough information about the historic building. The limitations of leaflet maps is only provide little information which explaining the condition of the historic building. To expand the information about the historical building, prior research suggested the use of web technologies. However, some people suggested the usage of leaflet – map which can show the location and the web site can provide more additional information about the historical building. In this paper, the researcher purpose a design of Information System, which employs Quick Response (QR) code technologies as a link to combine the information between leaflet map and web technologies. Then, the design validated with identify the usability of design for using QR code for recognising historic building, Kota Lama, Semarang. The method that used to evaluate the design is SUS (System Usability Scale). The QR code usability test using SUS question showed the number that the design is in level usable from the user perspective.

The usage of land for commercial purpose along the side of the road often causes conflicts. One of the areas in Badung Regency, namely along the road called Jalan Kayu Aya, is an attractive tourism area, the passageway is quite large, while on the other hand the effective width of the road is only 5 meters. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance and the current condition of the road as well as to analyze alternative solutions for improvement. Based on the results of the analysis, the peak hours at Jalan Kayu Aya Badung Regency is at 23.15-00.15 WITA, with a traffic volume of 1,078 pcu / hour, road capacity of 1236.51 pcu / hour, actual speed of 19, 26 km / h and a saturation level is 0.87 and an F for the level of road service. The analysis results of alternative 1 with the arrangement of side barriers shows that the traffic volume becomes 1,078 pcu / hour. The road's capacity is 1404.43 pcu / hour, the actual speed is 27.23 km / h and the saturation level is 0.77 with a C for the level of road service. While the analysis of alternative 2 with the application of one-way roads results in a traffic volume of 550.2 pcu / hour, the capacity of the road's passage is 1407.06 pcu / hour, the actual speed is 27.23 km / h and saturation level is 0.77 with a road service level of B.

Communication technologies are crucial components to develop smart city systems related to low latency and massive data transfer. The near field communication (NFC) technology has been becoming more popular for close-range data transmissions, such as multimedia data transfer and non-contact payment, and still increasing in term of capacity and data transfer. Increasing carrier frequencies is a solution to fulfill those demands. In wireless communication technology, an antenna is a crucial element to convert electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or vice versa. Theoretically, an antenna dimension is comparable to the considered wavelength. This condition indicates that higher working frequency systems have a smaller antenna size due to its wavelength shorten. Terahertz (THz) spectrum band is promising to apply higher carrier frequencies. However, the antenna design and fabrication are becoming issues because of the tiny size, electronic components availability, and practical complexities. We have designed a microstrip antenna for working frequency of 0.35 THz by combining ground modification to cover distance and data rates up to 10 cm and more than 20 Gbps, respectively. By considering the previous design, this paper discusses different distances and rotation angles to analyze the effectiveness of wave transmission by simulation using CST Microwave Studio. Analysis use received power parameters to identify accepted signals detection possibility. The results show that the received power exceeded the sensitivity boundary from -50° to 40°, which show that the angles also limit the allowable accepted power level. Therefore, THz NFC systems should consider the antenna placement for an optimum condition application.

The study aims to examine sustainable uses of public spaces of Lebih's coastal line, in the aftermath of uncontrolled abrasion. It implements a qualitative research approach. Data was collected through a series of field observations, historical studies, and unstructured interviews. This study relates functions with spatial quality. While function is analysed based on social, economic and environmental roles accommodated by a public space, quality is assessed in terms of three conditions that a public space is expected to have, which are being responsive, democratic, and meaningful. Discussion over these two issues is based on the examination of both physical and non-physical attributes. The physical attribute is discussed in terms of spatial design and supporting facilities available to support the functions of Lebih as a public space, and the non-physical attribute is examined based on the capacity to be a responsive, democratic, and meaningful space to the public who uses it. This study alarmingly shows that abrasion has eroded Lebih coastal area to a level of 3.2% per year, which is equal to a 4m reduction annually. This condition directly influences the quality of Lebih Coast and consequently its capacity to accommodate the three inherent functions. The first two functions, to certain extents, remain well served, but the last one is feared to disappear along with the erosion of Lebih cost by continuous abrasion. This fear is especially underlined by the role of this coast as a buffer to protect the adjacent mainland and its associated ecosystem.

An ethnographic study using qualitative research methodology underwrites the following study. Withinthe current urban planning practice, the concept of public space exists in contradiction to private ownership. Within the global capitalist system, land is commodified like any other goodand is subject to ownership via the market mechanism. The endgame is for all land to have this status. In this context, there isbusiness. This paper, however, offers to renege on this perspective. It tries to understand public space within a system where use-value is the dominant concept. Taking Bali as its laboratory, this paper examines a hypothetical typology of public space that brings use values to the fore and denies the primacy of land as solely a profit-seeking medium for land rent, surplus value extraction from labor and profit on built form. While no doubt these processes will still take place, they must be assessed in the context of environmental ethics and fundamental human needs. In conclusion, this paper seeks a benevolent and humane planning practice that places people before profits. It implements this idea by saying that the creation of spaces whose use values can be accessed by all members of society must become the central planning strategy.

Palembang as old city has many historical places in various conditions. Some of these places are still easy to be found, well maintained, abandoned as well as leaved as named without any physical evidences. The cultural heritage deals with modern live and the threat of extinction. In the internet era, the term smart environment for cultural heritage becomes another approach to conserve the historical artefacts. However, the conservation should also consider the non-physical aspect such as the relationship between people and the environment in the heritage place. This paper elaborate the use of people place relationship in determining the smart implication at the at Palembang cultural heritage area. To achieve this aim, study have two objectives; (1) examining how people of historical places attached to their living environment as well as their city, (2) determining the level of potency of historical places to find the appropriate smart strategy for conservation. Place attachment was measured through questionnaires filled by the 136 residents from seven old urban kampongs in Palembang. Then, results from this were confirmed by respondents understanding on the history of place and their visiting experience to determine the potency of historical places. Those statistical analyses used PASW v.19. The result shows three groups of heritage places at Palembang cultural heritage area; the ones with high, medium and low attachment in urban scale. The smart strategy can be applied at medium and low attachment to rebirth and strengthen the attachment to the places. The use of virtual reality on these places is the appropriate strategy for smart heritage conservation. The combination between Virtual Reality and multimedia technologies will support the development at historical places of Palembang.

This research aims to improve the population service system which is optimal in supporting electronic government in Sumbawa Regency. In software development using the waterfall model and desktop-based Programming with Visual Studio and SQL Server as a Database Management System. The system testing method uses the Black Box Method, a test that focuses on the functional requirements of the software. The results of the research can be used easily, quickly, and useful for processing population data so that it can provide optimal service. This system has been used at the Luk Village Office (Rhee District) in improving service to the community optimally.

The sustainable development requires the provision of adequate infrastructure, but the construction activities on infrastructure development itself still have been considered as a sector that has a negative impact to the environment. The implementation of the sustainable construction becomes a necessity, but the implementation of the sustainable construction in developing countries is still very limited, since there are still many factors that inhibit the implementation of this concept. This study aims to analyse the barriers in the implementation of sustainable construction in the infrastructure development projects in Palembang, Indonesia. The barriers are identified based on the results of literature studies. The survey using a questionnaire was conducted to state-owned and private companies that were carrying out infrastructure development projects in Palembang and its surrounding areas. The survey confirms the various barriers that may occur based on the perceptions of respondents representing state-owned and private companies. The mean item score was used to determine the ranking of each barrier. This study indicate that the following factors are the main barriers to the implementation of sustainable construction, namely factors related to the limited number of trained and/or certified workers and lack of communication between parties involved in the project.

South Sumatra is one of the provinces whose development is very rapid in Indonesia. With the increasing development of centers of economic activity, politics, socio-culture and education make it an attraction for residents outside the city to travel to Palembang City. However, the condition of the eksisting highway which has become the driver's mainstay for travelling are not free of congestion. This causes travel time and Vehicle operational costs increase for every vehicle that passes the road. To overcome this problem, the government brought investors to build a toll road. The results of preliminary research show that people are still confused about the benefits through toll roads which are built besides travel time faster because they have to spend money to pay tolls. The main objective of this study was to determine the vehicle operating costs (VOC) using both roads with the Pacific Consultant International Method (PCI) and Industrial and Affiliate Research, Bandung Institute of Technology (LAPI ITB). Variable of the equation to determine the cost components is travel speed determined the Floating Car Method. The results show that the operational costs of vehicles (VOC) through toll roads are smaller when compared with existing roads. VOC of passenger cars that pass through the existing road in the morning Rp. 3395.45, trucks 2 axles loaded Rp. 5570.55 and trucks 2 axles with no payload of Rp. 3815.00, while if through toll road, passenger cars Rp. 2618.82 and trucks 2 axles Rp. 2918.71. In addition, information is obtained, more than 90% of drivers only consider fuel costs, they do not consider the cost of other variable variables in choosing a route.

Cilengkrang is a sub-village in the north of Ujung Berung and Cijambe sub-District Bandung Regency, Indonesia. It is located on the west of Cikeruh sub-watershed. This subwatershed is part of greater upstream Citarum watershed. This area has been developed rapidly by new settlement and villa. However, the available data of erosion potential in this area is less convenient. The erosion is a severe problem that has a strong relation to flood potential. This study starts with collected engineering geological data from 14 samples. These samples were taken from different soil types from its engineering characteristics. Based on the field and laboratory observation, this area is form by fine-grained soils as a result of residual soils from young volcanic rocks — the silt and very fine sand content range from 49 to 70 % of the total soil. The erodibility value (K) in this area is from 0.03 to 0.06. These values are indicating moderate soil erodibility class. The plasticity index (PI) also shows value from 9 to 48 %. This value is pointing low to high plasticity behavior of this soil. The regression linear shows strong correlation between PI and K with r = 0.7. This correlation is interpreted that the cohesion controls the soil characteristic in Cilengkrang area and affect the moderate erodibility value. This study hopefully giving new insight that soil mechanic data is can also support data on erosion potential.

Nowadays the population in Semarang City is increasing rapidly, this is also followed by the development of economic activities in the trade and services sectors. The minimization of the Minimarket to the lower middle trade sector can be seen from the increase in quantity. In 2010 the number of minimarkets in Semarang City had 244 buildings and continued to increase every year. This has an impact on land use change and will affect the existence of traditional markets. This research uses descriptive quantitative method with emphasis on spatial perspective. Aims to identify the needs, distribution patterns, service coverage (trade area), and suitability of the existing minimarkets. This study shows that the number of existing minimarkets exceeds the limits of what they should be. Based on the analysis of the suitability of the location of the existing minimarkets, as many as 11 minimarket buildings are included in the appropriate category from a total of 92 buildings.

Cheese-making wastes utilization has been done in KPBS (The Dairy Farmer Cooperatives of South Bandung) and affect the surrounding communities. The research aimed to determine the perception of the community towards the utilization of cheese-making wastes that has been done. Cluster random sampling was taken on three groups of respondents, namely KPBS employees, KPBS member farmers and the affected communities around KPBS. Randomized numerical tables used to determine the respondent which resulted 24 respondents of KPBS employees, 41 respondents of KPBS member farmers and 28 respondents of affected communities around KPBS, with the total of 93 respondents. Questionnaires used to obtain the community perceptions of cheese-making wastes utilization and its sustainability that covered social, economic, environmental and technological dimension with five levels Likert scale to express the respondent's preference. Results showed that the communities perception of cheese-making wastes utilization on social, economic and ecological dimension shown neutral to positives perception with average Likert score of 3.61, 3.82 and 3.35 respectively, while technological knowledge dimension shown neutral to negative perception (2.99) which could be a threat towards cheese-making sustainability.

Soil liquefaction is one of a major problem in infrastructure development. This disaster can occur on sandy soil and high seismicity region. Soil with liquefaction potential will affect as a liquid during earthquakes and has high potential to collapse after the earthquake. The purpose of this study is to identify liquefaction potential in Sanana, Sula Island, North Maluku where many infrastructure developments being carried out. The method used in this research is "simplified procedure" for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils. This method considers geological and geotechnical characteristics based on Standard Penetration Test. The geological characteristics of Sanana region show that this region has liquefaction potential because it is composed of Holocene alluvium and located in high seismicity region. Furthermore, based on the geotechnical data from the SPT test, this region has liquefaction potential in the sand, silty sand and sandy silt with loose-medium density. The loose-medium properties affect a low seismic resistance to cyclic loads. This will lead to high liquefaction potential in this research area. Therefore, in order to prevent possible disaster caused by liquefaction, this problem needs to be considered in future infrastructure planning and development.

This study examines the Go-food implications for changing the behavior of people's travels in fulfilling consumption needs, specifically for eating and drinking. This community travel behaviour is seen from two sides, namely: Go-food user request side and provider side (Go-food driver travel intensity). Quantitative methods were applied to analyse Go-food implications towards travel behaviour from provider and user. The results of this study explain that a high level of travel occurs at night and is hostile to the beginning of the driver's travel. It is influenced by the function of the trade area that is located on the surrounding road, especially when weekdays on Sirojudin Street (21%), while the weekend at Ngesrep Timur V Street (20%) and Jatimulyo Street (17%). In addition, the behaviour of the driver's travel goals is spread, which is when weekdays in the Bulusan area (30%), while in the weekend in the Pedalangan area (27%). Fulfillment of this consumption needs affects the change in Go-food user travel behaviour. Before there was Go-food, several factors were considered, namely: distance, time, cost, frequency, and reason for travel, whereas after Go-food, factors that are considered or have a relationship are: frequency factor and goal travel. This is because the Go-food service is used when the community prioritizes its time for productive matters. Moreover, the Go-food facility resulted in the Go-food user making a request to the place where he wanted to eat, although the distance was quite far. This is because cost and distance are not a problem for Go-food consumers.

A regional development requires some analyses in terms of the constraint and the potential. Constraints of a development need to be managed by periodic monitoring, while the potentials need to be maintained or optimally improved. The hexa-helix concept is a development of penta-helix concept with addition in the role of law and regulation. Citatah area is a multipurpose area where there is limestone quarry, factories, tourist attractions, and rock-climbing area as territoral potential. The constraints is found in Citatah are landslides and faults. To support the potential of the region, infrastructures need to be safe from landslide. The stable slopes have been built through terracing and engineered slopes. This research is directed to identify potentials and constraint in development of the Citatah area; evaluate safety factors around landslide prone areas; and inventory the role of hexa-helix agents in the infrastructure of road around the engineeried slope. The result shows that regional potential needs to be managed by utilizing the hexa-helix concept. Besides, the Citatah landslide zone needs to be aware. Environmental management and monitoring are required to avoid failure of development planning in the future. The result of this study will be useful for sustainable regional development in Citatah area.

This paper interrogates the actuality of 'ruang terbuka hijau kota'(urban green open space - UGOS) in Denpasar Bali. This debate is critical because it is directly linked to two conditions. First, is an ever increasing population, and second, is a diminishing public realm. While the social, economic, and environmental significances of the UGOS in the formation of a liveable city is widely acknowledged, both conditions, in reality, do not go in line with the importance of UGOS to urban living. The paper argues that while UGOS are legitimated by the existing urban planning procedures and reflected in spatial planning, there is no policy directive on securing the deliverance of sustainable UGOS that guarantee the public interest. The following study is supported by relevant case studies that illustrate and demonstrate the above claims, predominantly across Denpasar, the capital city of both Bali Province and Denpasar city. The conclusion to the paper becomes increasingly self-evident as it progresses. It is clear that having new categories of land use will accomplish nothing. Similarly the key is not to re-designate land uses or manipulate existing codes, but to reconstitute how the planning system itself functions in relation to a sustainable public realm and environmental justice.

This research aims to find the spectrum of a park service scope from two city parks in Denpasar, a densely populated city. The city parks in study are Lapangan Puputan Badung and Lapangan Puputan Margarana as city public facilities of Denpasar – Bali that is said to improve citizen quality of life and environment as well. However, this research focuses to see how city parks in Bali serve their users. This study uses a survey research method. Sample of respondents are chosen using accidental sampling technique with questionnaire as media of data collection. Data series include, users' age, frequency of visit, activities, and domicile. Research findings are analysed spatially and descriptively as well. Result shows that most visitors are young people who spend time mostly for exercising and other recreational activities. It is also interesting to see that both city park users are regular visitors. They visit the parks at least 1 to 2 time per week and spend 1 to 2 hours in there. The parks users mostly come from densely populated areas. That shows the importance of city parks as complement to a city. However, as a city that going to smart city, ICT has not been recognized much. As conclusion, the spectrum of city parks service scope of Denpasar still ranging in traditional functions of public green open space. A city park serves a man-made nature-like place for people to get refresh within an urban landscape setting.