Table of contents

The 2019 6th International Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering (ICCOE 2019) was held in Bangkok, Thailand, April 25-28, 2019. ICCOE 2019 is dedicated to issues related to Coastal and Ocean Engineering.

The objective of the conference is to bring together interested academics and industry experts in the field of Coastal and Ocean Engineering to a common forum. Three keynote speeches were delivered. Prof. Chou Loke Ming from Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, presented a keynote speech "Coral Reef Restoration and Habitat Creation to Mitigate Urbanization and Climate Change Impacts". Assoc. Prof. Baoping Cai from China University of Petroleum gave the keynote speech "Development of Subsea Systems for Offshore Oil and Gas Equipment, with Fault Diagnosis Issues". Professor Koh Hock Lye from Sunway University, Malaysia gave the third keynote speech "Sustainability in Theory and in Practice: A Three-decade Reflection on Education for Sustainability". In addition, an Invited Speech "Convection-permitting Projections of Future Changes in Hydroclimatic Characteristics" was given by Dr. Shuo Wang from Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Papers were presented in four sessions of the conference: 1) Marine Ecology and Environment, 2) Ocean Engineering and Physics, 3) Wastewater Treatment, and 4) Health and Renewable Energy Application. 29 presentations were given by participants from 10 countries.

This proceedings present a selection from papers submitted to the conference. All papers were subjected to peer-review by conference committee members and international reviewers. The papers selected depended on their quality and their relevance to the conference. This volume presents the recent advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering and related areas, such as beach erosion and sediment transport, marine ecology and environment, climate change and sea level rise, lowland development and reclamation, subsea pipeline, coastal infrastructure development, deep sea engineering, and ocean activities platform.

We would like to thank all the authors who have contributed to this volume, and also the organizing committee, reviewers, speakers, chairpersons, sponsors and all the conference participants for their support to ICCOE 2019.

Prof. Chou Loke Ming

Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore

May 5, 2019

List of Conference Chair, Program Chair, Contact Chair and International Technical Committee are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is widely used in ocean engineering field. Steady state analysis of AUV is considered as a necessary part in the design process. Motivated by improving the stability, a downwash filter based feedback optimization methodology for AUV is presented. First, combined with AUV structural parameters, the AUV four-degree of freedom motion space mathematical model is calculated to provide a mathematical basis for rock-bottom steady state control system. Second, the transfer function of the filter is derived according to the zero-pole and trajectory map of the AUV ontic system. Finally, the AUV optimized control system is established by series downwash filter. The simulation analysis result shows that the stability of the system is greatly increased after the whole system is connected to the filter.

Righting a damaged-capsized ship can be very complicated. In this paper, flooding quantity and three-dimensional mathematical model of righting force are introduced in order to solve the buoyancy and stability of a capsized ship. Through the simulation, the uprighting process of a damaged-capsized ship with air cushion was researched. Computation result shows that the proportion between the maximum righting moment in the opposite direction and the maximum righting moment is 2.891. Trim decreased gradually during the uprighting process, so it reached the minimum value when the ship returned to equilibrium location. The quantity of flooding water increased slowly in the later process when the opening was beneath the water level. For each calculation, the maximum shear force was located at the same position, which does not increase with flooding quantity.

Taking the large-scaled reclamation in Jiangsu Sea as study background, on the premise of large-scaled area (East China Sea) having a good accuracy. The cold wave of Jiangsu Sea is simulated by the nested model of SWAN, and analysing the Hs (significant wave height) near the reclamation area extracted from the results. It is found that the cold wave field around the reclamation area is influenced remarkably by large-scaled reclamation. The large change of wave field is mainly concentrated in the southern part of central Jiangsu province, and it has a significant influence on the wave field. Due to the effect of covering, the wave height of the southern sea area of Dongsha, Gaoni and Lengjiasha reclamation area decreases greatly, and the decline can be as much as 30%. Due to the extent of reclamation is small, the change of wave field in the northern part of Jiangsu province is not obvious, and the range of change is not obvious.

In order to calculate the wave loads on the small and medium scale bars of composite structures accurately, not only the action of incident wave but also the wave diffraction caused by near large-scale structure and the effect of radiation on wave load of small scale bars should be considered. In this paper, based on the VOF method, the three-dimensional wave numerical flume of the wave acting on the composite structure is constructed in Fluent. The incident wave force, diffraction wave force and total force acting on the composite structure are obtained by numerical calculation. Compared with the results obtained by using the Morison formula alone, the effectiveness of the wave loads calculated by the model is verified. The results show that under certain wave conditions, the wave diffraction caused by large-scale structures can not be ignored. In addition, the influence of the incident wave number, the diameter of the pile and the position of the pile on the wave load of the small-scale pile is also studied. The results can provide a scientific reference for the accurate calculation of wave loads on small-scale piles in marine engineering with composite structures.

The coastal zone of Thailand will get the effect from the eustatic sea level rise due to climate change. It is necessary to protect the coastal area from it. Therefore, coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was chosen to be a tool to identify the vulnerability of coastal zone in Prachuap Khiri Khan which is the study area. The physical and socioeconomic variables for CVI in this study were a coastal slope, rate of shoreline changes, geomorphology, signification wave height, tidal range, sea level changes, population density, coastal structure and land use. The CVI values was classified in 5 classes of vulnerabilities in the format of the coastal vulnerability map. The results presented that most of the coastal area in Prachuap Khiri Khan had very low to moderate vulnerability to sea level rise. It can be the preliminary analysis to develop the coastal management for this area in the future.

The geometric correction of ocean remote sensing image is a prerequisite for its data application. In this paper, to solve the problem that the sea island is sparse, cloud interference is severe, the control point is difficult to obtain, an automatic correction technique based on decision tree classification is proposed. In this paper, the image is processed by the method of super-pixel segmentation first. Then, the spectral and texture features in the superpixels are selected, including the energy value, the entropy and the correlation value of the gray level co-occurrence matrix and the normalized water index. Finally, the tree image classification model is used to classify the image superpixels, and the clear sky area which will be matched directly with the reference image can be extracted. Through the template matching and polynomial geometric model, the geometric correction of the remote sensing image is automatically corrected. Through the experiment of Landset8 OLI_TIRS image, compared with the classification results of the other two classification methods, the final precision is better than the other two methods. Therefore, the technical process proposed in this paper can be applied to the geometric correction of complex sea condition remote sensing images.

In this study, we numerically investigated the vortex patterns and free-surface deformations of a solitary wave interacting with a bottom-mounted plate at various inclinations in shallow water. Assuming two-dimensional, incompressible, and non-breaking conditions, we considered a viscous fluid based on the streamfunction-vorticity algorithm used in Navier–Stokes equations. We solved the governing equations by finite analysis, and used an averaged two-time step method to consider nonlinear conditions on the free surface. To fit the irregular boundaries and reveal the fine details of the vortex phenomenon, we applied a transient boundary-fitted grid along with a local-grid-refinement technique and examined the vortex mechanics around the submerged barrier. We then compared the numerical solutions obtained for the flow patterns with existing experimental observations to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical model. In addition, we systematically simulated other cases using this model to explore kinematic phenomena such as streamlines, equi-vorticity lines, streak lines, timelines, and path lines.

The rates of ship accidents in waterways have been massively increased by many reasons including ship to ship collision. Collisions of crude oil tankers threat the health, safety and marine environment to its related surroundings. This study presents the QRA for double hull crude oil tanker collision in Kyauk Phyu Deep Sea Port of Myanmar navigational waterway by following the FSA guide lines. In order to present the useful simplified risk assessment method, the risk is predicted including frequencies, consequences analysis with the virtual ship collision model which is constructed based on the local situations. Furthermore risk acceptance criteria are also illustrated by F-N, F-T and F-P curves. The maximum acceptable risk levels are also conducted for social risk (1*10⁻³ fatalities per year), environmental risk (0.7*10⁻³ spills per year) and property risk (4*10⁻¹ USD per year) respectively. Ultimately, this paper aims to develop the IMO's FSA into simplified method and hopes to assist the local authorities' decision making process in case of tanker incident occurs in this area.

Biological phosphorus removal (BPR), possesses the significant advantages of low operational costs and little environmental impacts, is an economical and sustainable process to remove P by recycling the activated sludge through anaerobic and aerobic processes. For the BPR system, the hydraulic retention times (HRT) in aerobic and anaerobic processes are the most significant controlling parameters which can directly affect the effluent quality, especially the effluent phosphorus removal efficiencies. In this study, six lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated to conduct the single-factor experiments. 13 experimental runs designed by a 2-factor and 5-level response surface methodology (RSM) using Central composite design (CCD) were used to optimize the relationship between anaerobic HRT (X1, h) and aerobic HRT (X2, h) and two most important responses, COD removal efficiency (CRE, Y1, %) and P removal efficiency (PRE, Y2, %). High squared regression coefficients R2 (> 0.99) and adjusted R2 (> 0.99) indicated a high degree of correlation between the predicted and actual responses, which means that the model could fit the response well. Experimental validation by operating under the optimal combination of the two operational HRTs were conducted. Good correlation between the predicted and experiments values provides confidence in the obtained models.

It is important that subsea pipelines are designed and maintained to withstand earthquakes and tsunamis, especially in earthquake-prone regions such as Japan. Tsunami scouring of the seabed may reduce the amount of soil covering a subsea pipeline, exposing it to harmful wave action. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of a subsea pipeline by calculating the tsunami scouring volume for representative tsunamis via numerical analysis. As a case study, we determined how subsea pipelines in the Kashima-nada sea area, Japan, would be affected. The results obtained indicate that for both a level 2 tsunami and a level 1 tsunami, scouring does not significantly affect the pipeline and no construction is subsequently required to restore the soil cover.

In this paper, a typical case of transporting bauxite ore on the ship is studied. From the perspective of maritime safety, the bauxite is studied in the classification of goods in the IMSBC rules and the improvement measures in the current transportation process are proposed to provide the maritime transport, So as to provide reference for maritime transport and reduce the recurrence of such accidents.

The exploitation and utilization of new energy is the current trend of the energy industry. By analyzing the characteristics of wind energy, rainwater energy, graphene and energy store battery, an overall scheme of wind, rainwater and energy store integrated power generation system for urban buildings is designed, so is its control system. The design of control system includes hardware design and software design. By this control system, it achieves the goal of charge control and discharge control. This system takes the microcontroller as the data acquisition and controller, the data which has processed is displayed in the screen, by this SX1278 wireless communication module, and the data is transmitted to the computer.

This research paper experimentally explored the wave parameters effects on the breakwater armour layer stability. Breakwater stability mainly depends on the armour layer that guards the inner layers against the wave attack and the wave condition affects the breakwater stability. The wave height, length and steepness effect were investigated during the test program. Different formulas were available in the literature to predict the breakwater stability. The laboratory results were thus employed to assess the applicability of existing design equations. Experimental results showed that under normal wave condition (Hs) the breakwater was stable, whereas under storm condition (Hs of 1.2 designed wave height) the roundhead reached the failure state. The results approved the impact of wave parameters on the breakwater stability and damage progression. Results revealed that the existing design formulas underestimate the structure stability.

Coastal works where the tranquillity requirements are low porous pile breakwaters are considered as a good cost-effective substitute for the conventional type of breakwaters. In this study, an experimental investigation has been carried out in a two-dimensional wave flume to study the wave interaction with vertical pile breakwater. At 50 cm still water depth (h), interactions between regular waves (wave period T = 1.5 sec, 1.6 sec, 1.8 sec and 2.0 sec) and the pile breakwater of two different porosity (n = 0.65 and 0.80) and three different structure heights (h_b = 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm) have been studied experimentally. Experimental results reveal that, minimum transmission coefficient (K_t = 0.55) is obtained for breakwater with lowest porosity (n = 0.65) and with emerged condition (h_b/h = 1.2) for short wave period (T = 1.5 sec). Minimum reflection coefficient is obtained for breakwater with highest porosity (n = 0.80) and with submerged condition (h_b/h = 0.8). It is also noticed that porosity has an effect on wave energy loss coefficient.