Table of contents

Welcome Message from the Conference Chair

Alhamdulillah, blessings and mercy from Allah SWT, the report on the implementation of the international conference called International Conference on Health, Science and Technology (Ichestech) could be completed.

Keynote speakers of the international conference were :

1. Prof. Eddy Yusuf, Ph.D from Management and Science University Malaysia;

2. Prof. Fatchiyah, M.Kes., Ph.D from Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia;

3. Dr. Satoshi Futo Riztyan from FASMAC Co. Ltd. Japan;

4. Najwa Santiworakun, M.Sc. from Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.

International Conference on Health, Science and Technology that was held in Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang was collaborating between Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang and Management and Science University Malaysia (MSU). So the International Conference was collaborating with IOP Conference Series Earth and Environment Science. It was the first International Conference on Health, Science and Technology series by Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (UNIMUS) with co-host MSU was held on November 28-29^th, 2018 at Semarang, Indonesia. The theme was International Conference on Food Science and Technology. Sub-theme was Current Trends and Future Perspectives in the Food Sector: From Novel Concepts to Applications. The presence of highly affiliated personality's, food scientists, health researchers, entrepreneurs, technologists, student and more together to network, collaborate, share best practices to explore the future and trends in Food Science and Technology.

InsyaAllah, next year International Conference on Health, Science and Technology will be held on Management and Science University Malaysia. To Rector Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang Prof. Dr. Masrukhi, I will report that there are 120 participants in which 86 presenters those from within (some Universities from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java and Sulawesi) and outside the country (from Japan, Equador, Thailand, Malaysia and Philipin).

To participants welcome and thank you to Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang and God Bless followed the international conference. And I apologized if there were some mistakes. To the committee, I am proud of you and thank you very much on all of the activities so that the international conference could be held.

Finally, I thanked very much to everyone who involved it.

January 28^th, 2019, Semarang

Sincerely,

Dr. Nurrahman, M.Si.

Conference Chair.

The Cover Page is available in this pdf.

List of Welcome Message from Conference Chair, Committees and Table of Contents are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Brown seaweed has been known to be a natural source for bioactive compounds. Brown seaweed has a distinctive aroma, namely fishy, sometimes a problem for preparations in the form of simplicia. In this study, a total of 3 different treatments were performed on Sargassum sp at 1, 3 and 5 minutes of blanching compared without blanching. Sensory evaluation of tea samples was conducted to establish preference rating of tea for flavor, taste, color and overall acceptability using 17 panelists. The results of water content of seaweed tea meet up requirement of herbal tea and free aflatoxin. The result of sensory product of seaweed tea blanching for 1 minute is preferred by panelists in terms of flavor compared to other products including commercial products. The condition also keeps the content of active compounds in it more retained in the product. Overall panelist results prefer seaweed tea product blanching for 3 minutes.

Ethanolysis of PKO has been done by the addition of ethoxide ion solution {ethanol 90% containing 1% (w/w PKO) of NaOH} to 100 g PKO at the ratio of 1.0; 1.2; or 1.4 (w/w), each with the addition of glycerol 10% (w/w PKO) at 55-60°C, stirred at 1000 rpm for 3, 6, 9, or 12 minutes. Careful observation is done on the yield and monoglyceride, diglycerides, and triglycerides distribution patterns in the PKO ethanolysis products. The average yield of all treatments resulted in a value of 44.91% (± 4.47%; w/w). The yield of ethanolysis of PKO with the ratio of 1.4 (w/w) is better than with the ratio of 1.0 (w/w) and 1.2 (w/w), while 6 minutes shown a better result for the PKO ethanolysis time reaction compared to 3, 9, or 12 minutes. The average of glycerides, esters, monoglycerides, internal standard, diglycerides, and triglycerides in overall treatments, shows 6.09, 55.02, 7.07, 2.55, 23.54, and 5.73%, respectively. Group of monoglyceride (MG) and diglyceride (DG) compounds in PKO ethanolysis products, both obtained on average with the best treatment at ethanolysis time for 3 minutes for a ratio of 1.0 (w/w), each at 7.74% (w/w) and 30.60% (w/w).

This research aims to study the ability of corncob liquid smoke for reduce of Pb(II) Ion in soybean seeds and the influence of its constituent compounds in reducing of Pb content in soybean seeds. The liquid smoke was obtained from corncob via pyrolysis, precipitation and two-time distillation. The process of reducing Pb content in soybean seeds is by soaking soybean seeds in liquid smoke with variations in the concentration of liquid smoke (0; 12.5; 25; 50 and 100%). Results show that the phenol, carbonyl and acid total content of corncob liquid smoke were 1.22%; 5.65%; and 9.60%; respectively. The corncob liquid smoke with concentration of 100% is able to reduce Pb content in soybean seeds by 48.93%. The components of phenol, carbonyl and acid in liquid smoke reduce after the chelation process. This shows that phenol, carbonyl and acid components influence the reduce Pb content in soybean seeds.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of linseed in ration on milk production and quality of lactating Ettawa crossbreed dairy goat. Sixteen Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats were allotted according to completely randomized block design. The goats were distributed into 4 blocks according to the initial milk production and 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of basal ration consisted of 20% odot grass and 80% concentrate (T1), and ration consisted of 20% odot grass and 70% concentrate supplemented with 10% linseed (T2), 10% linseed protected with 10 g/kg formaldehyde (T3), or 10% linseed protected with 34 g/kg cinnamaldehyde (T4). The results showed that linseed supplementation had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production and quality including milk fat and protein content. The ratio of milk production and protein consumption was not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that linseed supplementation in the ration of lactating Ettawa Crossbreed dairy goats ration had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production and quality.

Fish oil generally contains long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, which are fatty acids that have double bonds, for example, Eicosa pentaenoic acid (EPA), and hexanoic acid (DHA). Catfish oil microencapsulation which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids is an attempt to maintain taste, aroma, stability, and also to transfer bioactive components from fish oil for fortification purposes in food or medicine. This study aims to determine the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of instant mushroom cream soup enriched with catfish oil microcapsules. The treatment of adding catfish oil microcapsules to instant mushroom cream soup was 0%, 3%, 3.3%, 3.6%. Water absorption index (IPA) values ranged from 1.34-2.46 mL/gr, the water solubility index (IKA) value was 0.04-0.06 g/mL, the results of color testing on mushroom cream soup were with notation L*80.26, a* 1.00 and b* 24.33 on the addition of microcapsules 3.60%. Enrichment of fish oil microcapsules affects the chemical quality of instant mushroom cream soup (water, protein, fat and carbohydrate content). The TPC test value in instant mushroom cream soup has a range of 7.4x10⁴ to 1.63x10⁵ col / g. Staphylococcus aureus test results <2.5x10 ² cabbage / g, according to SNI standards. The best physical characteristics of instant mushroom cream soup were reached by the addition of microcapsules 3.6%.

Role of milieu pH at 5, 8 and 11 has been investigated to determine the effectiveness of cross-linking by STPP (Sodium tripolyphosphate) to banana flour. Change in physicochemical and pasting properties due to the treatments have been studied. The characterization by XRD and FTIR has also been carried out to reveal the diffraction pattern and the change in the chemical functional group. The result showed that cross-linking at the pH studied did not change the diffraction pattern of banana flour. An investigation using FTIR indicated that peak absorbance at wavenumber 2300 and 928 cm⁻¹ increased following the treatment with the increase of pH, suggesting the formation of diester phosphate and C-O-P linking respectively. Swelling volume and solubility were remarkably affected by crosslinking at pH 11 while freeze-thaw stability at pH 5. The effectiveness of cross-linking on changing the pasting properties was not affected by the pH but cross-linking per se decreased the breakdown viscosity compared to the native flour.

Banana flour var nangka has been oxidised using hydrogen peroxide at concentration of 1 to 3 % using native banana flour as a control. Functional and pasting properties and the change in crystalline type have been compared following the modification. Investigation using XRD showed that oxidation by hydrogen peroxide decreased the crystallinity from 56.9% in the native to around 52% in the oxidised flour. The crystalline type however remained unchanged (B type). There was no remarkable difference of properties following oxidation at various concentration of hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that the smallest concentration in the present study (1%) was sufficient to modify the banana flour. In terms of functional properties, oxidation increased swelling volume, freeze thaw stability and gel strength but decreased solubility, water absorption capacity and whiteness degree. Other parameters of pasting properties were not significantly affected by oxidation in the present range of concentration except the setback and breakdown viscosity which decreased compared to the native flour.

The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing over the year. The drugs of DM cause side effects on an organ and heart. The pathological process of DM hyperlipidemia begins with oxidative stress. It is necessary to think about preventing hyperlipidemia in DM by using herbs as herbal medicines. This study aims to find out the effect of peel extracts of Musa Paradisiaca var. kepok to New Zealand White rabbits with hyperlipidemic in DM. The banana peel extract was obtained from the traditional market in Demak, Central Java. Banana peel extraction used maceration with ethanol extract. This study used 27 New Zealand White male rabbits, aged 4 months, with 1.5-2 kg average weights. The sample of the study was divided into three groups. Treatment group 1 (P1), Treatment group 2 (P2) and control group (K). All groups had standard feed and High Fructose Fat Diet (HFFD). Group P1 was given banana peel extract dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day and group P2was given banana peel extract dose of 400 mg/kg body weight/day and group K was not given banana peel extract. This was an experimental laboratory research with the randomized pretest-posttest control design. The research data were taken three times; pretest, day 45 and day 104. This research was conducted for 104 days at UGM LPPT of unit 4 which has been internationally standardized. MDA levels were measured by the HPLC. The results of the pretest levels of MDA 0, 627, day 45 p = 0.232, day 104 p = 0.028. Ethanol extract of Musa Paradisiaca var. kapok prevents oxidative stress of New Zealand White rabbits with Diabetic Hyperlipidemia.

Grains including soybean sprouts have better bioactive component than the seeds, and they have potential as a functional food specifically for bone health. The formulation of carbohydrate source and the sprout-based protein provides high nutritional composition which is capable to give better effect to bone health when it is enriched by calcium source ingredients. One of the natural ingredients of calcium sources that have not been used to enrich calcium in food products is eggshell. The combination of formula-based sprouts of corn and soybeans (KEJALE) with eggshell flour can be advanced into food products might be considered as an alternative functional food for bone health. Nevertheless, high nutritional content of food is worsening by food processing. This study aimed to evaluate nutritional retention in some processed products based on corn starch flour and soybean seed flour enriched by eggshells. Processed products based on KEJALE flour in this study are cereals, cookies, and steamed buns. Eggshell flour added as much as 10% of the total formula KEJALE. The results showed that cookies and steamed buns products decreased in protein, fiber and ash. Cereal products generally have higher carbohydrate, protein, fiber, ash, and calcium retention than the other two products except fat. Cereals with enrichment of eggshell 10% had the highest carbohydrate retention (19.34%); whereas the highest protein retention was available in the treatment of eggshell addition 5% (293%). Furthermore, calcium retention of cereal was the highest among the products which revealed 558.82%; 594.74% and 979.37% in eggshell enrichment 5%, 10%, and 15% respectively.

Meat quality for the community is determined by the level of tenderizer. The process of meat tenderization could be done by giving papain enzymes derived from papaya fruit or leaves. Meat with the administration of papain enzymes can be analyzed based on protein profiles to see protein and microstructural integrity to see the texture of meat. The research sample was 20 g of beef and goat's meat with the treatment using the enzyme papain derived from papaya leaves. Time variation of enzyme administration 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h, as well as variations in the weight of crude papain extract from papaya leaves as much as 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g. Analysis of protein concentration using Bradford and Kjeldhal methods, and protein profiles using the SDS PAGE method, and microstructural analysis using SEM. The concentration of meat protein with the treatment of crude extract of papaya leaves decreased compared to control meat. Based on protein profile analysis showed that meat given the enzyme papain from papaya leaves experienced protein band loss at a size of 225 kDa, 150 kDa, 96 kDa, 86 kDa. Microstructural analysis showed that beef and goat's meat treated with damage to collagen fibers, collagen fibers did not stick with muscle fibers, and the arrangement was irregular, in addition, there was a distance between muscle fibers.

Background: Infertility is the inability to get pregnant, maintain pregnancy and the inability to bring pregnancy to live birth. Infertility data in 37 Semarang City Health Centers in February to March 2018 reached 433 patients in high-risk pregnant women with secondary infertility of more than 5 years. Infertility can be caused by reproductive disorders and also lack of nutrients that can reduce reproductive hormones. So that premarital couples need to be informed regarding the knowledge and attitudes about nutrition to prevent infertility. This study was conducted in Semarang City as many as 40 respondents in the status as premarital. Quantitative research using observations was used to conduct this research. The results were presented descriptively. That 4 respondents have less premarital knowledge (10%) and 36 respondents (90%) good knowledge. And 19 respondents do not show the attitude in supporting the infertility preventive. And the premarital attitude that does not support is 19 people (47.5%) and as many as 21 respondents (52.5%) support about nutrition to prevent infertility. Governments need to provide Counseling, Information and Education for Premarital couple through a premarital for premarital as a facilitation yin providing prevention so that infertility does not occur.

The objectives of the study were to determine male local sheep performances fed with different level of expired bread. Twelve male local sheep with body weight 21,54 ± 1,93 kg (CV = 8,82%) were used in this study and divided into 4 feed treatments and 3 replications. The design of this study is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first treatment P0 was a control, sheep fed with 100% basal concentrates. The second treatment P1, sheep fed with 95% basal concentrates plus 5% expired bread. The third treatment P2, sheep fed with 90% basal concentrates plus 10% expired bread. And the last treatment P3, sheep fed with 85% basal concentrates plus 15% expired bread. Data collected were dry matter intake (g/day), body weight gain (g/day), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and Feed cost per gain (Rp/kg). The result showed that feed treatments didn't significantly affect dry matter intake, body weight gain, FCR and IOFC. The average of dry matter intake of treatment P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively was 1120,76; 1097,22; 1167,11 and 1132,73 g/day. The average of body weight gain of treatment P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively was 371,30; 335,56; 363,33 and 306,67 g/day. The average of FCR of treatment P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively was 3,09; 3,23; 3,43; and 3,33. The average of feed cost per gain of treatment P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively was Rp. 11.483/kg; Rp. 12.156/kg; Rp. 11.588/kg and Rp. 12.502/kg. In conclusion, the use of expired bread to the level of 15% doesn't significantly affect DMI, ADG and FCR. Feed cost per Gain is obtained from IDR 11.483 to IDR 12.502.

Nugget is a type of food consumed by vegetarians. Rose flowers' contents such as Linalool in essential oil, malate acid, tartaric acid, and citrate acid have potentials in lowering blood pressure. By developing an innovation of rose petals into nuggets with a tasty flavor, it will attract the society to make vegetarians as a healthy food alternative or Lacto-ovo vegetarian. The research method used in this study was a quantitative method. This research was conducted to observe the nutrition content in the petal rose nuggets (Rosa sp) as a vegetarian comestible commodity. A nutritional analysis was performed in a chemistry laboratory at State Vocational High School of Lumajang 1 (SMKN 1 Lumajang). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Rose Nugget is very appropriate to be used as a Vegetarian comestible due to its abundant nutrition content which is beneficial for health.

Menopause occurs in the range age of 45-50 years, but in reality, it can occur faster or slower. some factors that cause menopause is are nutritional status and contraception. The age of menopause in Indonesia also declined from 47 years to 45 years. The aim of this study is to find out what are the causes of menopause in women. This study uses a cross-sectional approach with five analysis variables. The sampling technique used in this study was accidental sampling with the criteria for samples of mothers who experienced menopause naturally, the total sample was 88 mothers. Independent variables used, namely work, parity, menarch, contraception, age, and nutrition. Variables of parity, contraception, age, and nutrition that show results are related to the age of menopause. (p-value 0,000 <0,05). The contraception, age, and nutrition variables showed that there was an influence between contraception, age and nutrition on the age of menopause, (p-value 0,000 <0,05). The menopause phase in a woman is indeed influenced by several factors and cannot only be influenced by one or two factors. However, the age factor is a factor that cannot be used to measure the incidence of menopause because indeed a woman's age certainly affects the incidence of menopause. The food needed in menopause is actually not too much. A healthy diet and proper consumption of nutrients will support a good quality of life.

Almost three of ten children in Indonesia suffered stunting. Cultural food taboos to mothers and children, and socioeconomic family might affect eating patterns in Muna ethnic. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between family's socio-economic factors and cultural factors with the incidence of stunting. this cross-sectional study applied the qualitative and quantitative methods involved 110 randomly selected children aged 6-24 months. Stunting was categorized by comparing the Body length (cm) with the children age (months). Data of socio-economic and cultural factors were taken using structured questionnaire and in-depth interview. The occurence of stunting was 32.7%. Education level, dietary restriction during pregnancy, and prelacteal intake significantly correlated with the occurence of stunting (p <0.05), while the per-capita expenditure, food tabo and the history of exclusive breastfeeding were not significantly correlated with the occurance of stunting (p> 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed prelacteal intake as the most influential factor that affecting the incidence of stunting.The prevalence of stunting in the Batalaiworu district is higher than the national prevalence of stunting. Cultural factors like prelacteal feeding is the most influential factor that affecting the occurrence of stunting.

The agricultural sector is a sector that has a strategic role in economic development in Indonesia. However, the agricultural sector has several problems such as less secure of farmers' welfare, low access to capital and marketing of crops. The existence of farmers' groups and Sharia Microfinance Institutions (LKMS) has not been able to optimize the potential of the agricultural sector. The purpose of this study is to formulate a strengthening model from institutional aspects through local farmers' groups and capital strengthening through the inter mediation of Sharia Financial Institutions (LKS) through a linkage program. The model of institutional strengthening of farmers' groups and capital of LKS financing can be one of the foundations of national economic development. This study used a qualitative approach. Data were collected from the results of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) and questionnaires. This study examines: (1) strengthening of farmers' group institutions; (2) development of the agricultural sector financing model through inter mediation between local LKS and LKMS and linkage programs between farmers' groups and LKMS

Evaluation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi application on shallot (Allium cepa L. aggregatum group) is extremely important to instead of Phosphorus synthetic fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in randomized completely block design with three replications as block. The experiment consisted of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) application, AMF and Phosphorus application, Phosphorus application and without any treatment. The experiment resulted that there were no difference on plant height and number of leaves among treatments. In total chlorophyll content, AMF application is lower than Phosphorus synthetic application. In contrast, AMF application was showed the highest of yield.

Tea is the most popular natural beverage ingredients in Indonesian community. It was four types for commercial tea consumption, i.e. white tea, green tea, Oolong and black tea. Nowadays public opinions that the white and green tea processed without or slightly fermentation had stronger antioxidant capacity than Oolong and black tea processed in full fermentation. The aim of the research was to compare the antioxidant capacity of the white tea (WTE), green tea (GTE), oolong tea (OTE) and black tea aqueous extract (BTE). Approximately 50 g dried tea was extracted using aquadest (1:10 (w/v), macerated in waterbath shaker (100 rpm/60±2°C/10 minutes) and filtrated using Whatman paper. The solution was concentrated with rotary vacuum evaporator till obtained a viscous liquid then it was freeze-dried for solvent removal and kept in the refrigerator for further analysis. Each extract was to determinate of total phenolic compounds, flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of extract as the total phenolic compound expressed as gram gallic acid equivalent (g-GAE/100g-extract) were BTE<WTE<GTE<OTE respectively. Meanwhile, the total flavonoid of extract expressed as gram quercetin equivalent (g-QE/100g-extract) was BTE < WTE < OTE < GTE respectively. The antioxidant capacities of extract (1000-1500 µg/ml) against the DPPH radical were BTE<GTE<OTE<WTE, respectively. There were significant differences of radical scavenging activity-DPPH among extracts in all concentrations (p<0.05). As conclusion WTE has the strongest antioxidant capacities, so it has great potential as a natural beverage and also to be applied as natural antioxidant in food system.

Atherosclerosis is a significouldt health problem in developed countries and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Metabolic disorders which include increased levels of LDL and lipoprotein and decreased levels of HDL could cause atherosclerosis which is an inflammatory process due to the formation of plaques on the large artery walls. Black rice is a source of dietary fiber and anthocyanin could act as an antioxidant, which if consumed regularly could improve lipid profiles and blood antioxidants. This is expected to reduce the rate of disease caused by atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study to determine the potential of black rice on HDL and LDL levels in Sprague dawley mice with a high cholesterol diet. This study was in vivo experimental in Sprague dawley rats with a randomized post-test only control group design using 4 groups of rats weighing 175-200g. The group consisted of negative controls, positive controls, simvastatin and black rice drugs. The results showed that rats with hypercholesterol diet which were intervened with black rice feed for 12 weeks decreased LDL and increased HDL. Statistical tests showed that there was a significouldt effect between the treatment of feed on HDL and LDL levels. Further tests showed differences in each group. Conclusion of this study is black rice consumption could regulate lipid profiles by lowering LDL, increasing HDL levels and inhibiting the increase in fat oxidation results in the body with the MDA indicator.

The increase consumption of Snakehead fish crude extract as supplement drink has left the fish meat residue which has been utilized yet. The study aims to investigate the physical characteristics of fish protein concentrate (FPC) produced from Snakehead fish (Channa striata) extraction by product using acid and alkali solubilization methods. The acid method was performed by adding HCl 0,1N until pH during extraction reached 2,3, and 4, while for alkali method using NaOH 0,1M with extraction pH of 10,11,12. The FPC was analyzed for its color, whiteness and functional properties. The results indicated that the highest whiteness was obtained from treatment of pH 4 e.g 69,9%. pH 11 resulted FPC with the highest L value, i.e 85.54 but low a* and b* values, i.e 0.33 and 19.1. Acid solubilization method resulted FPC with lower emulsifying activity but higher emulsifying solubility compared to alkali solubilization method. The acid solubilization method was considered more effective in producing FPC rather than alkali solubilization method due to higher physical and functional characteristics of FPC.

The innovation of fish product development will increase the added value of the product so that the product will have a competitive advantage and become a market leader. Innovation will bring an impression as a new product so that consumers will look for it. The strategy to increase exports of fish products through product development innovations is expected to maintain the existing market and continue to increase its coverage. The aim of the study was to conduct an innovation analysis of the development of e-export oriented fish products with assessment variables including: innovation, inhibiting factors and supporters using the 4P approach (Product, Place, Price, Promotion), FCP (Five Competitive Forces) and VRIO (Value, Rareness, Imitational, Organizational). The analytical method was used the Composite Performance Index (CPI), which is the merging of the weight values then ranking. Analysis the decision-making system is based on an assessment by experts in this case the stakeholders of export of fish products. Decision-making systems based on innovation parameters (weighting criteria 0.4), supporting factors (weighting criteria 0.3) and inhibitors (weighting criteria 0.3). The highest score that becomes the first level that determines the success of export-oriented fish products exports on the elements specified in the study are elements of 4P, FC F and VRIO, each of which is 'promotion' (score 131.5), 'customer control' (score 116.8) and 'value' (score 113.8).

Jack bean is one of the potential legumes as a source of ACE-inhibitory peptides in tempe fermentation due to its high protein content and amino acids composition. A traditional inoculum for tempe fermentation is usar from Hibiscus tiliaceus leaves. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimum tempe fermentation time inoculated using usar on the formation of ACE-inhibitory peptides. The study applied the prolonged tempe fermentation (120 h) at room temperature (+30°C). The change of pH, soluble protein, protease activity, and ACE-inhibitory activity during tempe fermentation were determined using standard methods. There were significant differences (α=0.05) in pH, proteolytic activity, soluble protein content, and ACE-inhibitory activity during tempe fermentation. The highest protease activity was produced at 96 h of fermentation while the highest soluble protein content was produced at 120 h of fermentation with the value of 12.71 unit/g and 3.65 mg/mL, respectively. The highest ACE-inhibitory activity was reached at 72 h of fermentation (53.89 %). Conclusion: The optimum fermentation time of the formation of ACE-inhibitory peptide was at 72 h of fermentation.

Black rice bran in Indonesia countries contained high anthocyanin and iron. As rice bran has not been widely used for food, this research investigated other possible functional effect of rice bran extract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the absorption of anthocyanin and iron of subvar Cibeusi black rice bran extract of by in vitro everted gut sac method. Experiment was conducted on various part of small intestine using black rice bran, aqueous extract, and residue during various periods (10 – 100 minutes). Twenty four male 2 months old Wistar rats were put in 20-24 hours fasting condition and only given ad libitum deionized drinking water. After dissection, small intestine was taken, cut into duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and then reverted. The two ends of each of them were tied, filled with 0.9% NaCl solution, and the put into tube contained mucous solution and samples with constant oxygen saturated. The results showed part that the highest anthocyanin absorption of 0,0160 mg/g was obtained in jejunum. The highest anthocyanin absorption was obtained at 40 minutes of 0.0165 mg/g. Results also showed part of the small intestine can highest absorbed iron in duodenum compared to other parts of 3.65 ppm. Black rice bran extracts can be highest absorbed of 3.78 ppm. The type of material that can be absorbed highest in black rice bran extracts of 4.23ppm. The highest iron absorption at 10 minutes of 3.48 ppm.

The fulfillment of wheat flour in Indonesia is still by imports from other countries. To reduce the import dependency of wheat flour, food diversification based on tubers including yams needs to be done. Yam flour has potential as ingredient in crackers production. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution by yams flour and wheat flour on amylopectin content, expand the ability and organoleptic properties of yam crackers. This research using the Completely Randomized Design comprising two factors: Factor I, the proportion of yam flour (0, 1, 2 and 3 portion) and factor II, the proportion of wheat flour (17,18, 19 and 20 portion). The results showed that the best proportion treatment comprised 5 percent of yam flour and 100 percent of wheat flour, which produced expandability of 57,29 % and amylopectin content 53,04 %. Results of organoleptic tests included: Sense by 2,87 (slightly favored), color by 2,6/(slightly favored) texture by 2,87/(slightly favored), and smell by 2,87 (neutral).

Nano-emulsion and nano-encapsulation of fruit flavor aim to make flavor stabilization which is generally labile in the form of liquid (emulsion) and powder (encapsulation) preparations. Nanotechnology in food is a technology to reduce food particle size to 20-200 nm which is generally followed by new properties both physical, chemical and sensory. In nano-emulsion products such as transparent color and products stability are characterized by: absence of sedimentation (creaming), unification of two particles (flocculation), unification of particles to enlarge (coalescent) and exchange of internal and external phases (inversion). In nano-encapsulation products flavor stability is maintained by reduced aroma volatility which is bound by the carrier matrix while controlling the release of aroma. The method of forming nano-emulsion uses two approaches, namely high energy such as high-pressure homogenization and ultra-sonication methods, and low energy such as spontaneous emulsification. Making an emulsion is by mixing two different compounds of polarity stabilized by the emulsifier. In the emulsion flavor system for making nano-encapsulation a biopolymer is needed which acts as a core coating. The encapsulation was made by making an emulsion first, then one of the drying techniques was carried out such as spray drying, drum drying and freeze drying. This literature review describes nano-emulsion techniques and nano-encapsulation of fruit flavor

Rice straw is a potential fiber forage as feed for ruminant. The aim of this research was to observe the potential of Stimulator Plus on improving the nutritional quality of fermented rice straw. The material that has been used in this study were rice straw, stimulator plus, starbio, urea, and molasses. Completely Random Design has been applied in this experiment, with four treatments fermentation period (0,7,14, and 21 days) with three replications, Proximate Test and Van Soest to determine the nutrient content of fermented products. The Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) method for metagenomic analysis of a microorganism. The observed variables were physical quality and chemical quality. Fermentation period at seven days increased the crude protein content and decreased the Neutral Detergent Fiber and acid detergent fiber of fermented rice straw (P<0.01). The bacterial diversity in fermented rice straw was measured using some indices: Chao1 index varied from 1717 to 2599; Shannon index varied from 20.66 to 23.72; Simpson index varied from 4.086 to 4.813; Abundance-based Coverage Estimator (ACE) index varied from 31.916 to 34.838; Se.ACE index varied from 1987.61 to 2905.7. The Bacillaceae and Streptococcaceae were always found throughout the fermentation. Bacterial community dynamics were found different in each treatment.

Aromatic volatile compound from melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Gama Melon Parfum (GMP) has not been identified. The purpose of this study is to identify aromatic volatile profile and measure the key pleasant aroma of GMP melon. Sample was taken from garden then store at temperature -20°C. The volatile compounds was extracted by cold maseration method, then concentrated using vigregous column. Volatile extract was analysed using GC-MSOlfactometry. The result showed that some identified aromatic volatile compounds consisted of 3 alcohols, 3 esters, 1 ketone and 1 hydrocarbon. Interestingly, the key aroma characteristics of GMP melon was influenced by 3-penten-2-ol, hexyl acetate and 3-hydroxy 2-butanone.

Lipase is one kind of enzyme that is widely used as a catalyst in industrial and medical. Lipase has a great catalytic ability, but is easily affected by temperature, and is also difficult to separate at the end of the reaction. This causes most of lipase used only in one reaction cycle. Therefore an enzyme immobilization is needed, so that lipase can maintenance it's activity in high temperatures, and can also be separated at the end of the reaction so that it can be re-used. This study aimed to determine the thermal stability and re-used stability of the immobilized lipase in carrageenan. The method used for immobilizing lipase is through entrapment method. The effectiveness of immobilized lipase tested through the hydrolysis reaction of palm oil. The result was found that the immobilized lipase in carrageenan was able to maintain its catalytic activity up to 50 °C and also up to five reaction cycles.

Infection with hepatitis viruses, especially HBV and HCV is a global health problem. Inadequacy and inefficiency of immune responses contribute to the chronicity of the diseases and play an important role in the progress of liver injury. This paper aimed to evaluate the frequency of immune cells in the liver of patients infected with HBV and HVC and analysed the correlation between pathological findings and clinical course of the diseases. The currently on going study recruited participants who were 18 years old or older and presented to a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia since August 2017. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the patients' medical records. The biopsy procedure was performed on patients' liver as referred by the doctors who treat them. Samples were sent to the Pathology Anatomy Laboratory for assessment of the disease progression and the evaluation of immune cells in the area of portal triad. An immunohistochemistry staining was conducted to enumerate the frequency of immune cells expressing CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD25⁺ and Foxp3⁺ which were associated with the presence of T lymphocytes within the subgroups of T helper, T cytotoxic, and T regulatory cells, respectively. From six liver biopsy samples, we detected one unknown hepatitis case, one case of acute viral hepatitis B, three cases of chronic viral hepatitis B without fibrosis, and one case of chronic viral hepatitis C METAVIR score 1. The frequency of cells expressing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ were predominant (>50%), followed by Foxp3⁺ expression (26-50%); whereas cells expressing CD25⁺ were being rarely detected (0-5%). These findings suggest that when the liver injury is minimal, the T helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes are proliferated and activated, which may promote the differentiation of regulatory T cells expressing CD25⁺ and Foxp3⁺ to minimize immune-mediated liver damage.

Background and purpose. Empowering stroke patients with motor aphasia through memorizing the Al Quran to improve quality of life. Stroke causes neurological disorders that cause changes in quality of life. Quality of life is healthy physically, mentally, socially, environmentally and healthily, regardless of illness and can maintain health status. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of memorizing the Al Quran and family support on stroke patients with motor aphasia disorder on functional communication skills, level of independence and quality of life. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at Ja'far Medika General Hospital Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. The number of subjects was 102 stroke patients with motor aphasia, as evidenced by the results of head CT scan. Type of quantitative research, using experimental design, simple randomized the pretest-posttest control group design. Results. The effect of memorizing the Al Quran, family support, functional communication skills and the level of independence of the combined quality of life in stroke patients with motor aphasia impairment got the value of r square = 0.982 with p = 0.000 (p <0.001) which means that memorizing the Al Quran, support family, functional communication skills and level of independence affect the quality of life combined in stroke patients with motoric aphasia with very strong levels. Or it can be said that 98.2% of the quality of life is influenced by memorizing the Al Quran, family support, functional communication skills and level of independence. Partially it is known that the most influential effect on the quality of life in stroke patients with motor aphasia is memorizing Al Quran (r = 0.735; p = 0.000) compared to family support (r = 0.321; p = 0.000), while functional communication skills (r = 0.017; p = 0.618) and independence (r = 0.035; p = 0.305) had no significant effect on quality of life. Conclusion. That the direct influence of the variable memorizing the Al Quran and family support for the quality of life is better, without having to go through functional communication skills and the level of independence as mediation.

Polymorphism of CAPN10 has been reported to be responsible for risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and CAPN 10 SNP-19 (rs3842570) is associated with elevation of blood glucose, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Aims of this study are to analyze the association between polymorphism CAPN10 SNP-19 (rs3842570) on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) of Javanese T2DM patients. The study sample comprised 107 T2DM subjects as well as 107 healthy subjects of Javanese origin. T2DM subjects were obtained from several Primary Public Health Centers in Semarang. The polymorphism of CAPN10 SNP19 was examined using PCR. FPG, BP, and BMI also were examined. The association between FPG, BP, and BMI in each genotype class was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. In the T2DM group, the 2R/3R genotype had the highest mean of FPG (138,42±6,77mg/dl), BMI (26,49±0,41). However, the highest mean of blood pressure was 2R/2R genotype with systolic 142,00±7,27mmHg and diastolic 83,11± 3, 17mmHg.There was no significant association between polymorphism in T2DM group with FPG, systolic BP, diastolic BP and BMI with p-value 0,563; 0,734; 0,939; 0,087, respectively. In conclusion, CAPN10 SNP-19 (rs3842570) polymorphism does not contribute to elevating FPG, BP, and BMI of Javanese T2DM patients.

This research aimed to investigate the effect of administering water fraction of Clinacanthus nutans [Burm.F.] Lindau (the local name of daun dandang gendis) in different doses on hypoglycemia. The research method was using the test of dandang gendis leaves (Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau) water fraction on wistar rats using pre and post test method randomized control group design. The induction using a high-fat diet consisting of pork oil: duck egg (3:1) and fructose 1.8 g/kgBW for 30 days was applied. Rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control (aquadest), negative control (carboxyl methyl cellulose/CMC), positive control (metformin), dose I 15,89 mg/kgBW (water fraction of Clinacanthus nutans [Burm.F.] Lindau), dose II 31,78 mg / kgBW, and dose III 47,67 mg / kgBW. The result showed that a dose of 15,89 mg/kg BW was an effective dose to reduce blood glucose level. of wistar male rats induced by fructose and high-fat feed.

Pseudomonas spp. have been known as notorious food spoilage bacteria with ability to produce thermo-tolerant enzymes. They pose serious risk to public health as its most pathogenic member, P. aeruginosa, could cause nosocomial infections affecting peoplewith immunodeficiency. The use of GMF-GMR primers had been reported capable for detecting bacterial moaC of Alcaligenes javaensis JG3. The gene is suspected to be related with dormancy of pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to investigate specificity of the GMR-GMF as well as a newly designed JMF-JMR pairs of primers (JMF: 5'- GGCGTACATCATCCACACTG-3' and JMR: 5'-GGCGTTGACCATCTATGACA-3') for detecting moaC genes of 57 members of Pseudomonas spp. retrieved from http://insilico.ehu.eus/ database using in silico PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). The results showed that GMF-GMR primers could selectively amplify 271-bp in silico PCR products from 14 out of 57 members of Pseudomonas spp. tested. However, BLASTn analysis on these 14 amplified DNA sequences showed that they were not part of moaC, yet glpK gene fragment sequences. Meanwhile, the newly designed primers from moaC sequence of strain JG3, JMFJMR, could specifically amplify 214-bp in silico PCR products from 2 out of 57 members of Pseudomonas spp. matched to bacterial moaC gene fragment sequences. As conclusion, based on in silico study JMF-JMR primers are more specific than GMF-GMR ones for detecting moaC gene fragments of members of Pseudomonas spp. studied.

Ketone objects (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric, acetoacetic acid) are compounds produced by the body from the breakdown of fatty acids (lipolysis) on the pathway of lipid metabolism. Synthesis of ketones can be caused by insulin hormone disorders such as those experienced by people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Such conditions trigger an increase in lipolysis in adipose tissue which results in the release of free fatty acids as a substrate for the process of ketogenesis in the liver. Acetone as a product of ketogenesis will enter the kidney to be excreted with urine, and if the amount is excessive, then some will accumulate into the saliva. The purpose of this research was to determine differences in salivary and urine acetone levels in DM patients. The type of research is analytic with the cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken using a sequential random sampling technique as many as 18 DM patients, both men and women aged 40-65 years old. The data collection technique was by conducting a direct examination of salivary and urine acetone which measured using spectrophotometric methods. The results showed an average salivary acetone level of 18.9 mg/L, while the mean level of urine acetone was 555.6 mg/L. Mann-Whitney statistical test showed a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05), so it was concluded that there were significant differences between salivary acetone levels and urine acetone levels. Urine samples with smaller acetone concentrations are able to give positive results, while salivary samples will show positive results when acetone levels in urine are very high.

Ketoconazole has long been used as an antifungal therapy. One of fungi that causes dandruff is P.ovale. Bitter melon fruit contains antioxidants which can be used as an antifungal. The similarity of antifungal between bitter melon fruit and ketoconazole, made the researchers want to compare the effectiveness of bitter melon fruit extract with 2% ketoconazole in inhibiting P. ovale growth. A laboratory experiment study with Post-test only controls group design, at Microbiology Laboratory, Medical Faculty of Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang using P.ovale pure isolates. Determination of sample size is done using two proportions formula. Determination of whether or not P.ovale is done macroscopically and microscopically. Sample analysis using the chi-square test. From 30 media given 100% bitter melon extract, 66.7% results did not found in P.ovale growth (20 plates). While 30 media were given 2% ketoconazole, 56.7% did not find P.ovale growth (17 plates). Chi-square test showed p = 0.595 which means there was no difference in effectiveness between giving 100% bitter melon fruit extract and 2% ketoconazole to inhibit P. ovale growth. The effectiveness of 100% bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) extract equal to 2% ketoconazole in inhibiting P.ovale in vitro growth.

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) contain saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, glycosides, essential oils, vitamin A, and vitamin C that potentially as antioxidants properties. Further studies of antioxidants properties of radish needs to be conducted in order to be applicable in food areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the best extraction conditions to extract radish (type of solvent and extraction time) and determine the stability of radish extract based on changes in pH and heating temperature. First of all, radishes were extracted with different polarity solvents (hexane [non-polar], ethyl acetate [semi-polar], and ethanol [polar] for 8, 16, and 24 hours. Ethyl acetate solvent and extraction time of 16 hours were determined to be the best extraction method based on sample yield (0.91%), antioxidant activity (IC₅₀=127.96 mg/l), total phenolic (37.37 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoids (5.74 mg QE/g); so it is used in the next stage of research to determine the antioxidant stability at pH (4, 5, 6, 7) with different heating temperature (70, 80, 90°C). Radish extract is unstable based on antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoids; but with the heat treatment of 70°C at pH 4 was considered to be the best condition among other stability tests with the closest result of early radish extract condition (pH 4.58, room temperature ∼25°C). Radish extract from the selected treatments are not toxic (LC₅₀>1000 ppm) which containing steroid compounds (β-sitosterol, β-sitostenone, campesterol), fatty acids (palmitic acid, linolenic acid), carboxylic acids (methyl esters, phthalic acid) and other hydrocarbons (acetic acid, squalene).

Utilization of super red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) are often limited to its flesh, whereas the peel as much as 30-35% weight of fruit was rich in antioxidants. Further processing is needed to increase the consumption of the dragon fruit peel. Effort achievement was made through fruit peel powder application on fermented beverage. Fermentation process (42°C within 14 hours) was conducted with 6.0% (v/v) of Streptococcus thermophilus: Lactobacillus plantarum: Lactobacillus bulgaricus = 1:1:1, skim milk (5% and 10%), and the peel powder of red dragon fruit (1.0, 1.5, 2.0%). Skim milk (1%) and dragon fruit peel powder (5%) were the best formulation based on pH value (4.05-4.08), total of titrated acids [TTA] (0.74%), and total of lactic acid bacteria [LAB] (Log 8.77-8.91 CFU/ml). The best formulation was then used to determine LAB culture ratio (S. thermophilus: L. plantarum : L. bulgaricus (1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:1, 2:1:1). The ratio of 1:1:1 is selected as the best ratio based on pH (4.14), TTA (0.69%), total LAB (Log 9.41 CFU/ml). The product with preferred formulation contains phenolic 483.67 mg GAE/ml, flavonoid 315.59 mg QE/ml, IC₅₀ 39.94x10⁴ mg/l (increased 241% [very strong level]), declared microbiologically safe (free of coliform), and still acceptable by consumers in hedonic (4.69 of 7.0).

Kefir is a dairy product commonly fermented by bacteria and yeasts. One of the potential vegetable milk materials to be used in kefir production is milk from red rice. Studies of fermentation of milk from red rice to produce kefir are barely found. This study aimed to determine the nutrient content of red rice milk kefir fermented using mixed of microorganisms, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Candida kefir, in various concentrations of 3%, 9%, and 15%, respectively. The content of carbohydrate, fat, protein, water, and ash was measured using proximate analysis, while their content of lactic acid and alcohol was assayed using titration method. The results showed that fat, water and ash content in all resulted kefir products met standard quality of kefir, whereas carbohydrates and protein content did not. Treatment using the set mixed starters at a concentration of 9% was found to be able to produce kefir with a lactic acid content of 2.19%. Increasing alcohol content of kefir was dependent by starters. Generally, all treatments were able to produce kefir with alcohol content of 1.5% on average. As conclusion, fermentation of red rice milk at concentration of mixed starters at 9% has nutrient content which meet standard quality of kefir.

Osmotic dehydration as a pretreatment for convection drying is used with the purpose to get high quality dried foods. The effect of osmotic treatment at sucrose concentration of 40 ºBrix and convection drying at 60 and 70 °C (air velocity of 0.8 m/s) were investigated. The quality of dehydrated pineapple was investigated by physicochemical properties, weight loss, textural characteristics, and sensorial parameters. Samples dried at 70 °C showed the fastest drying kinetics reached the required humidity at 2.5 hours. The sensory analysis allows establishing that the dehydrated pineapple at conditions of soluble solids of 40 ºBrix, air temperature of the dryer at 70 °C be the best in acceptability in comparison with samples dried at 60°C. The samples were microbiologically safe for the consumer because they do not present a count of Escherichia coli and molds and yeasts.

Phytochemical components of tempe could interact with receptors on the surface of lymphocytes, which then increase the activity of the enzyme of protein tyrosine kinase and DNA polymerase. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of black soybean tempe extract on the increase of proliferation stimulation index, protein tyrosine kinase enzyme activity, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen of human lymphocytes, in vitro. A number of 15 ml blood samples were drawn from a total of five respondents. The lymphocytes were then separated from these blood samples and later cultured. The black soybean tempe extract was added in varied concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml in the culturing process and used as a positive control in cultures with added PHA. Lymphocyte cultures were incubated for 72 hours and after that their PSI, PTK enzyme activity and PCNA were analyzed. The results showed that the extract of black soybean tempe added to cultured human lymphocytes significantly affected the lymphocytes PSI, PTK enzyme activity and PCNA, where the increased level of black soybean tempe extract added into the lymphocyte culture tended to raise the values of PSI, PTK enzyme activity and PCNA. The addition of black soybean tempe extract to cultured human lymphocytes affected the lymphocytes PSI, PTK, and PCNA.

The purpose of this research is to Purworejo's traditional snacks, which are highlighted by making techniques, innovating flavors and highlighting them with interest so that they are in demand by all groups and become souvenirs from Purworejo. The method used is research and development. The procedure used is 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). This research was conducted in several stages, namely 1). determine the recipe used. 2). Innovatingrecipes according to the flavor variants to be made. 3). Developing, testing was carried out by 2 experts in the culinary field and 19 students of Family Welfare Education, UNY Postgraduate Program. 4). dissemination is carried out by the wider community with product exhibitions. The results concluded that the products produced from this study were better than those in the market and were in great demand by the public at all levels in terms of taste, shape, texture, aroma.

Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit with short shelf time because it is highly susceptible on fungal infection and enzymatic browning reaction. The color and pH changes of the fruit caused by enzymatic browning is one of the indicator of the damaged fruit that was caused by activation of polyphenol oxidase enzyme (PPO). One of the possible alternative agent to inhibit this reaction is using hypoiodous acid (HIO), which was known as an antibacterial and antifungal compound. The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation between color changes and pH value for HIO treatment on snake fruit during 15 days at room temperature storage (30±5°C). Color changes analyze referred to L*a*b* analysis was done using digital color meter and the pH test was done by using portable pH meter. The result indicated that HIO could maintain color changes (L*a*b* value) and pH of snake fruit during storage at room temperature which caused by enzymatic browning reaction. As conclusion, HIO could be used as alternative compound to inhibit enzymatic browning in snake fruit through the detection in color and pH changes.

The research aimed to determine the amount of coliform on the fresh milk in Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java – Indonesia. The object of this research are three traditional diary farming; and the experimental are repeated 6 times, including morning and afternoon milking, it makes 36 total samples of fresh milk in total. The result showed coliform have exceed the maximum limit of microbial contamination (more than 13x10¹ MPN/ml). According to Indonesia National Standard (SNI) in 2011, the maximum requirement of total coliform on fresh milk is 2x10¹ MPN/ml[1]. This implies that the fresh milk quality is not good because of sanitation and hygiene problem, one possible reasons is the distance between water source and farm is relatively near.

This research aims to determine the effect of the addition of papaya leaves after boiling to moisture, protein, crude fiber and antioxidant activity and in cookies. The cookies were made by the addition of papaya leaf in to the dough. The treatments conducted were T0: 0%; T1: 10%; T2: 20%; T3: 30% which has been boiled, the formation of dough and roasting. The results of testing of moisture, protein, crude fiber and antioxidant activity have increased. Moisture content of 4.64 – 7.38%, protein 6.74 – 7.96%, crude fiber 5.08 – 10.96% and antioxidant activity 46.73 – 68.42%. The best treatment for increasing the concentration of papaya leaves in cookies is T1: 10%.

This research was aim to determine the interaction between the proportion of sprout extract and sucrose on the characteristics of nata made from indigenous water guava of Demak. The yields, thicknesses, water content and organoleptic characteristics of nata including taste, colour and texture were become parameters which obtained through over analyzed the data. The parameters were treated by addition of bean sprout extract (A) and sucrose (C) in a variety of concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%). This research used a complete randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with 2 factors of 9 treatments and 3 repetitions. The data obtained were being analyzed by ANOVA for rendemen, thicknesses, and water content of nata. While for the organoleptic was subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that there were some effect between the addition of bean sprout and sucrose extract to the rendemen, thicknesses and color value of nata. The addition of 5% bean sprouts extract and 5% sucrose were being the best treatment that resulted in rendemen = 9.53%, thickness = 6.65mm, water content = 98.22%. In terms of preferences, nata with the addition of 5% bean sprouts extract and 5% sucrose were being the most desirable both in color, taste, and texture.

Nutrition for pregnant women is one of the most essential factors that influence the outcomes of maternal and infant. Pregnant women can gain nutrition information from many sources including consultation to health professionals. However, some studies showed that mother received lack of nutrition information during pregnancy and the evidence regarding the nutrition advice for pregnant women is limited. A literature review was conducted to identify the nutrition information received by mothers during antenatal period. This review included qualitative and quantitative studies which concern in the nutrition advice during pregnancy and the strategy used by health practitioners to provide information about pregnancy nutrition in the antenatal care. The included studies were searched from electronic databases such as Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Central and PubMed Central, and also from Google scholar. This review produced seven studies included qualitative and quantitative research. Generally, women were not receiving adequate nutrition education during pregnancy. Health practitioners in the developing countries use counselling during antenatal care to provide information about nutrition for pregnant women, while in the developed countries, health professionals prefer to use online and social media. The evidence of healthcare professionals in providing nutrition information for pregnant women is limited. Nutrition counselling and online media were identified as effective tools in promoting a healthy diet and supplementation for pregnant women within some population groups. Further studies about health practitioners' strategies in providing nutrition education during antenatal care are highly recommended.

Food safety is still not getting the attention it should; therefore the condition of food safety in Indonesia is still a concern. WHO reports that around 2 million of the world's population die every year due to unsafe food. In Indonesia, Indonesia Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) reported that the outbreak of food poisoning caused the death of 2500 people and as many as 411,500 people sick each year. Food safety is a right for the community but has not been accomplished until now. The study aimed to describe food safety in the protection of the right to health. The research method used was literature review and analysis used descriptive research. The results of the study showed that the condition of food safety in Indonesia still lacks good quality with the number of the outbreak of poisoning cases. Protection of the right to health as regulated in the Health Law Number 36 of 2009 has not been well carried out. Food safety in the protection of the right to health has not been realized because there are still many dangerous food products circulating in the market so that there needs to be strict regulation from stakeholders in protecting the right to health for the community.

Bidara upas tubers contain flavonoids, tannins, and dietary fibers which potentially to be used as functional food. One of the way to extend the shelf life of bidara upas tubers is by turn the tube into flour. During processing, the drying temperature plays an important role in physicochemical changes of bidara upas tubers flour. This study aims to analyze the effect of drying temperature variations on physicochemical characteristics of bidara upas tubers flour. This study is used Complete Random Design (CRD) with 4 levels of drying temperature of 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C, which each was repeated with 6 replications. The results of this study showed that drying temperature variations have a significant effect p < (0.05) on the color degree, water content, total flavonoids, tannins, dietary fiber, and starch digestibility. The best results were found at 40°C with characteristics of color, water content, total flavonoids, tannin, dietary soluble fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and starch digestibility respectively 76.91%; 11.58%; 5.92%; 10.51%, 0.28%, 0.42%; 83.88%.

The purposes of this study was to analyze protein profile of pilli member in two S. typhi isolates, BA07.4 and KD30.4, and assessing their hemagglutination activity on human red blood cells. Methods: Profile of pillin proteins extracted from two S. typhi isolates (BA07.4 and KD30.4) were observed using SDS-PAGE 12% method, hemagglutination activity of the isolated pilli proteins was tested on four erythrocyte of human blood groups ABO. Results showed that SDS-PAGE analysis on pillin proteins of S. typhi BA07.4 resulted two major protein subunits sized 87 and 42 kDa along with 14 minor ones. Menwhile, pillin proteins of S. typhi KD30.4 isolate showed two major protein subunits sized 87 and 42kDa along with 18 minor protein subunits observed on the SDS-PAGE. From the hemagglutination activity of S. typhi BA07.4 on the studied blood groups of A, B, AB, and 0 was 128, 2048, 64, and 2 HA (Hema-Agglutination), respectively. On the other hand, the hemagglutination activity of S. typhi KD30.4 on the studied blood groups of A, B, AB, and 0 was 8, 64, 1024, and 0 HA, respectively.

Dyslipidemia condition will effect on the occurrence of oxidative stress. one of the efforts to improve lipid profiles is by consuming food containing antioxidant which have the potential to improve lipid profiles (10). The aim of this study was to obtain a formula which contains the most nutrients and antioxidants from a combination of soybean tempe flour with bran. The method used in this study was an experiment. Black soybeans and yellow soybeans were processed into tempe and then molded, red bran and white bran were then heated using a Dreyer Cabinet with a temperature of 100oC for 20-30 minutes then sifted using an 80 mesh size sieve. Mix each (1) yellow soybean tempe flour + white bran flour, (2) black soybean tempe flour + white bran flour (BSF+ WBF) (3) yellow soybean tempe flour + red bran flour (YSF+ RBF), (4) black soybean tempe flour + red bran flour (BSF+ RBF), with a composition of 1: 1 and weighing 112 grams each, noncalorie sweetener 3 gram and 3 gram food flavoring. Results: The combination of YSF+ WBF with a composition of 1: 1 which had higher levels of protein, fat, vitamin E and low carbs compared to the combination of BSF+ WBF, YSF+ RBF or BSF+ RBF. Of the four best formulations received by the panelists, the combination of yellow soybean flour with white rice bran with a composition of 1: 1

Exclusive breastfeeding is breast milk given to babies until the baby is 6 months old without being given food and drink, except for drugs and vitamins. Breastfeeding in Indonesia has not been fully implemented. Efforts to improve breastfeeding behavior in mothers who have babies especially exclusive breastfeeding are still lacking. Some of inhibiting factor of exclusive breastfeeding is often experienced by working mothers, including knowledge and conditions that are inadequate for working mothers. Workers must be milking during working hours if they want to give exclusive breastfeeding. This research was conducted descriptively with cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was breast milk from six (6) Working Mother. The results were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the saving age of stored breast milk which consisted of color, smell and consistency.

Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth is a wild plant or weed in agricultural fields that was traditionally used for poisoning fish and plant pests. Several studies showed the low lethal concentration of Derris elliptica root extract to control the laboratory strain Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Derris elliptica root extract against the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae from the Dengue endemic areas. This experimental study used post-test only control group design with five different concentrations of methanolic Derris elliptica root extract, namely 0.09%, 0.13%, 0.17%, 0.21%, and 0.25%, respectively. Twenty-five of F1 temephos-resistant of wild-caught Aedes aegypti larvae were subjected to each group of the five different concentrations, and two control groups with aquadest. The temephos-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti larvae was determined by bioassay test with temephos -0.02 ppm compound. Mortality rate and lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the larvae were calculated after 24-h contact. Average of mortality rate in each concentration after 24-h contact with Derris elliptica root extract were 32.8%, 49.6%, 72.0%, 95.2%, and 100% with LC50 and LC90 were 1,600 and 2,040 ppm, respectively. The methanolic Derris elliptica root extract have larvacidal potential to control the temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae. Further research to obtain secondary metabolites is needed.

This study aims to create a management model for regional anesthesia parenting for the patient's family by the Co-Assistant (Young Doctor) anesthetist at the medical faculty of Unimus and Roemani hospital nurse Muhammadiyah which aims to improve the patient's family understanding of regional anesthesia. The method used in the development of this model is Research & Development of Borg & Gall. Some steps of the Research & Development are: (1) research & information as a preliminary step, (2) planning & developing preliminary form of product as a hypothetical model making step, (3) preliminary field testing & revision as a step initial product testing, (4) playing field testing & revision as a step of product feasibility and revision, (5) Analyze & Discussion to determine the final product (final product). Development of Parenting Regional Anesthesis Management Model for patient family is indispensable because the Co-Assistant (Young Doctor) Anesthesiologist and nurse are part of health executors who often interact directly with the patient's family before and after regional anesthesia, Then development of Parenting Regional Anesthesis Management Model by the Co-Assistant (Young Doctor) anesthetist at the medical faculty of Unimus and Roemani hospital nurse Muhammadiyah expected to be able to minimize complaints due to the patient's lack of understanding of Regional Anesthesia

Sun drying is perhaps one of the oldest methods of food preservation that has been practiced for centuries. The direct usage of solar radiation which is renewable and abundant favours farmers that harvest and process at small quantity. As technology advances, an alternative to sun drying evolves to maximize the potential of solar radiation and this technology is known as solar drying. Solar drying has several inherent advantages over sun drying namely faster drying rate, better protection of products, reduce risk of prolonged drying, lesser risk of product spoilage and improvement in product quality. Various studies have reported the application of solar drying for fruits, vegetables, grains, seeds, beans, herbs, spices and medicinal plants. Product quality improvement is definitely associated with solar dried products as compared to sun dried and to some extent oven/hot air dried products. However, uptake of this technology especially among farmers in developing countries are still low despite the many years of research and technology advancement. Nonetheless, some successful application of solar drying have been reported in countries such as Indonesia, Laos, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Brazil, Uganda, Kenya and Senegal.

Kerupuk gembus or soy pulp crackers is an innovated snack product made from tapioca flour combined with gembus, solid waste of tofu production. Gembus contains high fiber and protein useful for enhance the fiber and protein content of foods. The aim of the experiment was to determine the suitable composition of kerupuk gembus and the use of additives in the kerupuk production. Formulation used were modified on the gembus ratio and the additives use. In the physical characteristics of kerupuk gembus, it showed significant difference in hardness and swelling ability between all formulations. The proximate results showed that kerupuk gembus contains high fiber ranged between 38.1 to 67.4%. From the sensory evaluation and triangle test, it showed that the kerupuk gembus quite liked by the panelists were kerupuk with gembus and tapioca flour 1:1 ratio with Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) 0.5%w (A1), kerupuk with gembus and tapioca flour 1:1 ratio without any additives (A3), and kerupuk with gembus and tapioca flour 2:1 ratio without any additives (B3). Author suggested the best formulation for consumption was kerupuk with gembus and tapioca flour 2:1 ratio without any additives.

Organic and inorganic fertilizer are important for crop productivity. Waxy corn (Zea mays ceratina L) is used under crop-livestock system (CLS) in Indonesia. The characterized of CLS is crop yield for food, stover and corn-husk for livestock feed, cattle dung for manure as organic fertilizer. The quality of manure could be enhanced by adding organic-N (Gliricidea sepium) and organic-P (rock phosphate, guano) at the initial fermentation process that was called manure plus. Present study investigated the effects of organic-NP enriched manure application on plant growth and waxy corn production, stover and corn-husk production in vertisol soil Sragen District, Central Java. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and four replicates, T1 (inorganic-NPK), T2 (manure), T3 (manure+RP), T4 (manure+guano), T5 (manure + legume), T6 (manure+ RP+legume), and T7 (manure+guano+legume). The results showed that plant height and waxy corn production non-significantly affected by the treatment. Fresh waxy corn stover production and fresh corn-husk production significantly affected by the treatments. Manure plus resulted in similar on fresh waxy corn stover production and fresh corn-husk production compared to inorganic-NP fertilizer. It was concluded that organic-NP enriched manure replaces NPK as inorganic fertilizer.

Oyek is an analog or artificial rice made from fermented cassava that is popular in Java and Sumatera Islands. The aim of this research is developing a rice substitute product from fermented cassava (Oyek) by adding Isolated Soy Protein to achieve the protein content which similar to rice (7-9%) as our main staple food, as well as to improve its texture and acceptance level. Oyek itself only contains 1–2 % of protein, though it is a potential source of carbohydrate, reaching ± 85% of carbohydrate. Addition of Isolated Protein (ISP) is expected to increase its protein content as similar as normal rice. There are 3 formulations are made in the making of the artificial rice. Formula 1 is Oyek with 5% ISP, Formula 2 is with 6% ISP and Formula 3 is with 7% ISP. Based on the research, the best chosen formulation of the artificial rice is Formula 3 (added ISP 7%) with the highest protein level (8.98%), the lowest starch digestibility (36.01%), the lowest pasting temperature (65.48°C) and the best score of overall acceptance (3.85) among the made formulas. It also contains moisture content (7.15%), ash content (0.76%), fat content (2.32%), carbohydrate (80.79%), crude fiber (1.30%), starch content (72.56%), amylose content (21.84%) and amylopectin (50.72%).

Seawater is abundant natural resources not fully utilized even though it contains nutrients needed by plant like N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. On the other hand rhizobium capable of forming effective root nodules of association with legumes and fix nitrogen. The research aim was to get information the benefit of seawater and rhizobium inoculation for soybean as food. The research held in green house of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture Faculty, Diponegoro University Semarang. Seawater was taken from Semarang Marina Beach. Soybean was local bean of Grobogan. The arranged design was completely randomized design with factorial design 4 x 2 in 4 replications. First factor was salinity level of seawater in a row L0, L1, L2, and L3 was EC 0, 1, 2, and 3 ds/m. Second factor was Rhizobium inoculation, R1 = without rhizobium inoculation, and R2 = with Rhizobium inoculation. The parameters were seed production, fresh weight production of straw, crude protein and crude fiber production of soybean seed. Based on variant analysis, there was no interaction seawater salinity level and rhizobium inoculation againt to all of the parameters. Seawater level and rhizobium inoculation tended to increase production and quality of soybean. The best result was treatment L2R2, that is EC 2 ds/m with rhizobium inoculation. The seed soybean production was 3191.25 kg/ha equal to 3,2 ton/ha, with 42.54 % crude protein content of seed, and 13.87 % crude fiber content of seed.

Bamboo shoots can be used as a single vegetable or can be mixed with other food ingredients. This study aims to determine the effect of boiling-steaming pretreatment and soaking time on physicochemical properties of bamboo shoots flour. This research used raw material namely "ampel kuning" bamboo shoots (Bambusa vulgaris schard var. vitula). The experiment used factorial completely randomized design which was arranged in two factors: soaking time and boiling-steaming pretreatment. The pretreatment of boiling-steaming affected physicochemical properties of bamboo shoots flour, especially in steaming treatment with an analysis value of water holding capacity of 10.60 g/g, swelling power of 25.9 g/g and solubility of 32.03%, crude fiber of 39.98%, 6.56% ash content, 14.29% lipid content, and 11.89% color lightness level. The soaking time affected the decrease in hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content with a value of 4.41 ppm in bamboo shoot flour.

Recent studies indicated overripe tempe potencies as source of umami flavor. However, further development of overripe tempe as food ingredient was hindered by its long production time compared to tempe and its unavailability in commercial market. In this study, quick tempe technology that replace natural lactic acid fermentation with Glucono Delta Lactone (GDL)-chemical acidification, was applied to shorten the production time of overripe tempe. In this study, three variations of GDL-chemical acidification were applied, whether it is applied in the first soaking (Tempe GDL I), second soaking (Tempe GDL II), or both soaking stages (Tempe GDL III). Visual documentations were done every 12 hours to observe mycelium growth rate and the fermentation time required to produce overripe tempe. Each variation show different mycelium growth rate. Tempe GDL I became overripe tempe after 72 hours starter inoculation, while GDL II and GDL III started to become overripe tempe after 96 hours of starter inoculation. The result suggest different method of GDL-chemical acidification for different target of production, whether it is targeting the production of fresh tempe, overripe tempe, or tempe that will be further processed as ingredient.

Cassava is an agricultural material that is considered as important raw resources in the industrial sector. The benefits are even greater after being modified using lactic acid bacteria. However, the mocaf industry often causes water and air pollution. Environmental problems arise after the fermentation process. Determination problems with lightness, TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), conductivity and pH analysis are required to measure the impact to the environment. This research was used waste water from mocaf during 3 days fermentation. The wastewater had the highest color level (Lightness) on initial day of fermentation at 83.7±3.73 and then decrease along the day of fermentation at the averages of 65.2±2.0. The highest TDS was resulted from the mocaf wastewater at a value of 1218 ± 4.6 ppm which continued to decline until day 4. The conductivity and pH showed a decrease along the day of fermentation. As conclusion, physical characteristic of wastewater from mocaf production could be analyzed specifically and determined through color, TDS, conductivity, and pH.

Ozone is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms (O₃) and a powerful oxidizing agent that can also act as a non-chemical disinfectant. Ozone can be detected using potassium iodide and titrated using sodium thiosulfate to know the concentration. The purpose of this study is to know the output of ozone concentration from the ozone generator. Ozone measurement was done by making KI solutions and the concentration are 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; and 1 M then flew by ozone for 2 minutes with flow rate 1 L/min and the color of the solution will change from clear to brown. The brown solution titrated using Na₂S₂O₃ 0,4M solution, until the color of the KI solution becomes clear again. In conclusion, potassium iodide (KI) can detect the output of ozone generator which means potassium iodide (KI) concentrations linier with ozone concentration.

Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch (kebar grass) has been used in Indonesia as traditional medicine. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cells. The plants were collected from Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia and extracted using methanol and dichlormethane. The extracts were analyzed for its antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Cytotoxicity was examined against human acute lymphocytic leukemia cell (CCRF-CEM), multidrug resistance human acute leukemia cell (CEM/ADR5000), human cervical cancer cell (HeLa), human pancreatic carcinoma (Mia-PaCa2) and breast cancer cell (MCF-7) using colorimetric assay for assessing cell viability. The results indicated that methanol extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity as compared to dichlormethane extract. Both extracts exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against several human cancer cells, such as those of CCRF-CEM, CEM/ADR500, Mia-PaCa2 and MCF. This finding was the first report suggested that kebar grass from Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia was potential as antioxidant and anticancer. Further comprehensive studies on the mechanism of actions are necessary to support this finding.

Research of flavonoid determination (quercetin and rutin) in Alpinia purpurata and Alpinia galanga rhizomes using HPLC method has been conducted. This study aims to determine the qualitative and quantitative presence of rutin and quercetin compounds in Alpinia purpurata and Alpinia galanga rhizomes. Fractions of ethyl acetate and n-butanol have been obtained by TLC, followed by total flavonoid analysis with UV - Vis spectrophotometer method and quercetin and rutin determination with HPLC. The results obtained in this study are as follows: Total flavonoid from ethyl acetate fraction obtained is 46,48 mg EQ/gram in Alpinia purpurata and 70,60 mg EQ/gram in Alpinia galanga, and total flavonoid from nbutanol fraction obtained is 68,50 mg EQ/gram for Alpinia purpurata and 103,80 mg EQ/gram for Alpinia galanga. The ethyl acetate fraction of Alpinia purpurata detected quercetin content at 5469.64 mg / kg and rutin at 4955.59 mg / kg, while Alpinia galanga detected quercetin at 5764.10 mg / kg and rutin at 5327.93 mg / kg. From n-butanol fraction, quercetin are only detected at 6737.14 mg / kg in Alpini purpurata and 9098.74 mg / kg in Alpinia galanga. From these results, it can be concluded that HPLC method can be used to detect the presence of flavonoid quercetin and rutin in Alpinia purpurata and Alpinia galanga rhizomes.

Indonesia has long been known as one of the world major producers of black pepper. Bangka Belitung and Lampung provinces are the main black pepper production regions in Indonesia. In addition, West Java is also one of the pepper-producing regions. This research aims at observing the morphological characteristics, yield and quality of a local variety that has been grown in West Java. The observations were carried out in three agro ecological conditions Sukabumi, Purwakarta and Ciamis districts during two harvesting season at the age of 4 and 5 years on 5 plants/plot, repeated four times. For comparison, Petaling1 has been used but only in Purwakarta. The results showed that pepper Ciinten variety has broad-leaved, long spike, high number of fruits per spike, also big the size of berries. The production of green berries per vine 4.30 kg/tree, with levels of the essential oil, oleoresin and piperine are 2.79%, 12.71% and 4.73% respectively (white pepper), 2.74%, 15.98% and 4.34% respectively (black pepper). The percentage of fruit set is also high. To get the same unit of weight on Ciinten variety requires the number of spikes harvested 1/3 times (66) of Petaling 1 (189 spikes), making this variety more efficient in harvesting costs.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the healthy edible meat characteristic of broiler due to feeding effect of microparticle-protein diet with inclusion of inulin from dahlia tuber extract. Fish and soybean meal were exposed to ultrasonic bath to obtain microparticle prior to feeding trial. 160 broilers (2- week old) were allocated into 4 treatment. Treatments were tested as follows T0: 21% intact protein diet, T1: 18% intact protein diet, T2: 18% microparticle-protein diet, T3: diet T2 + 1.2% dahlia inulin extract. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications (8 birds each) was arranged. Intestinal Escherichia coli, heterophyl-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, meat protein and fat mass, meat cholesterol, and carcass weight were the parameters observed. Analysis of variance was applied, and continued to Duncan test. Results showed that all parameters, except carcass weight, were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Escherichia coli count, H/L ratio, meat cholesterol, were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by T2 and T3 treatments. Meat fat mass was reduced by T3 treatment, but carcass weight was not affected by any treatmnets. In conclusion, diet composed of 18% microparticle protein with inclusion of 1.2% inulin extract produces healthy edible meat of broiler characterized by lower meat fat mass and cholesterol with higher meat protein mass.

Centella (Centella asiatica L. Urban) is one of medicinal plants beneficially for health. The development of herbal medicine and health food industry, require the good quality of raw materials, safety for consumption and prepared continuously. AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) is a potential biofertilizer widely used on cultivated plants, for increasing biomass and bioactive content. Organic fertilizer as source of nutrients might be synergized with the development of AMF. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of AMF and organic fertilizer treatments to the growth, biomass yield and asiaticoside content of CASI 016 centella accession on andosol soil. Research was conducted for six months, by using randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. First factor was AMF inoculation, without AMF and with AMF treatment; second factor was organic fertilizer application, consisted of a). control, b). manure, c). rock phosphate, d). Ash husk, e). manure + rock phosphate, f). manure + ash husk, g). manure + rock phosphate + ash husk. Parameters observed were plant growth, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stolon and root, asiaticoside content, and the uptake of N, P, K nutrients. Result showed that AMF and organic fertilizer treatments could increase centella growth parameters and biomass. Moreover, AMF could increase asiaticoside content of leaves, with the increment of 0,1% to 0,6%. Combination between AMF and organic fertilizer resulted the higher uptake of N, P, K nutrients per hectare.

Functional foods and nutraceuticals provide an opportunity to improve the human health, reduce health care costs and support economic development in rural communities. Global demand for macroalgal such as carrageenan is growing, and algae are increasingly being consumed for functional benefits beyond the traditional considerations of nutrition and health. Carrageenans are sulphated linear polysaccharides of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-Dgalactose extracted from certain red seaweeds of the Rhodophyceae class. They have been extensively used of carrageenan in the functional food industry as thickening, gelling and protein-suspending agents. Among marine resources, marine algae are valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) such as carrageenans in red algae. Therefore, marine algae derived SPs have great potential for further development as products in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical. The beneficial biological activities of low molecular of carrageenan such as anticoagulant, antiviral, antioxidative, anticancer and immunomodulating activities. This paper presents an overview of potential health of benefits of κ-carrageenan derived from marine algae.

Allicin, an active compound of garlic and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from the fermented cabbage and Chinese cabbages were reported provide positive effects to control the gastrointestinal micro-flora. However, interactive effect between Allicin and LAB to the fermented cabbage and Chinese cabbage juices simultaneously was not well defined. To the reason, an effect of addition of garlic in the fermentation process of cabbage and Chinese cabbage on the physic-organoleptic of the juice characteristics was examined. The study was conducted by a completely randomized design with 5 treatments i.e.: 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of garlic levels (weight based) and 3 replications of each. Parameters observed were the odor, color, texture, pH fermentation products. The results showed that although it is remained in a good category, the addition of garlic decreased the odor scores (p<0.05). The color and texture scores of fermentation products increased with increasing of the garlic concentration (p<0.05). The acidity of the effluent and substrate increased with the fermentation time (p<0.05), but at the end of the process the pH was relatively equal, that was 3-4 (p>0.05). It was concluded that the addition of garlic was able to improve the fermentation performance of vegetable juices.

Abstract: Seaweed, one of the marine resourceshas a high economic value but easily damaged in fresh condition. Drying method using air dehumidification system is an effort decreased moisture content to prevented using high drying temperature which causes degrading quality. The process of drying seaweed with air dehumidification system using silica gel adsorbent becomes an option to decreased efficiently drying process. The purpose of this study was to examine the drying time and temperature of the moisture content, the rate of drying, energy efficiency, and the physiological properties of the dry product. Seaweed is dried in a tray dryer at 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C for 2, 3, and 4 hours. The water content in seaweed is measured every 30 minutes. Seaweed water content according to SNI is obtained at drying for 4 hours at 50°C, 4 hours at 60°C, 2, 3 and 4 hours at 70 °C. The increase in drying temperature is directly proportional to the high drying rate that occurs while over time the drying rate will decrease. At the optimum air temperature and drying time, the highest efficiency of tray dryer is obtained during drying for 4 hours at 50°C that is 91.50%. The highest swelling capacity value is owned by the dried seaweed product with a temperature of 50°C for 4 hours. Best condition in drying process of seaweed is used temperature 50°C at 4 hours.

This research was aimed to study the content of fatty acid from yogurt drink by mangosteen rind extract. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was throughout the research with different concentrations of mangosteen rind extract (0, 1, 2, and 3% (v/v). The results were differences on the yogurt drink product. The addition of mangosteen rind extract on yogurt drink of goat's milk contains fatty acids both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The highest saturated fatty acids were observed on the of palmitic fatty acids, while the highest unsaturated fatty acids were found on the oleic acid. There were changes in the profiles of fatty acids during processing of fresh goat milk into yogurt drink by mangosteen rind extract.