Table of contents

Preface

Dear honorable speakers, participants, board of committees, guests, ladies, and gentlemen.

On behalf of Scientific Modeling, Application, Research, and Training for City-centered Innovation and Technology Center for Collaborative Research (SMART CITY CCR), I welcome you all to Bandung for the very first International Conference on Smart City Innovation (ICSCI 2018), organized by Universitas Indonesia and Universitas Padjadjaran. It is my pleasure and privilege, knowing that this event happened by the cooperation between five Indonesian universities, which is funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID), through one of our projects, Sustainable Higher Education Research Alliances (SHERA).

This conference has a role to expose excellent and useful scientific writings to a wider scope, especially the works of researchers around technological innovations as a response to challenges in urban development and planning. As we know, issues on urban are issues collateral with people's life. The research components from the data, information, experiments or interventions, and findings could be used by stakeholders such as influential societies, local leaders, governments, even ourselves as citizens to decide our way of living. The wonderful thing about ICSCI 2018 is it gives us an opportunity to listen to and get involved in the discussion with expert panellists (speakers) and presenters (participants), who are researchers focused in their respective fields. This conference also bridges the gap between scholars from various disciplines to bring and share their ideas about actual and relevant issues.

ICSCI 2018 results in a collection of 47 oral presentations of full papers and 67 poster presentations covering 10 topics around 4 big themes: (1) Energy and Environment, (2) Infrastructure, (3) Information and Communication Technologies and Mobility, and (4) Quality of Life. As the USAID concerns on addressing gender equality or female empowerment in science and technology research, we are glad that we have a dominant number of female researchers participating in this year conference (62 among 114 people).

We cherish each individual involved for making and contributing in this conference. I wish you a fruitful stay in Bandung, and above all a successful ICSCI 2018. Thank you.

Director of SMART CITY CCR,

Prof. Dr. Heri Hermansyah, S.T., M.Eng.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Student Centered e-Learning Environment (SCeLE) is a Learning Management System (LMS) owned and used by the University of Indonesia that functions as an extension or even substitute for a real class environment. This study aims to determine student perceptions of SCeLE as a medium to support teaching and learning activities at the University of Indonesia. The method used in this research is quantitative research methods by distributing questionnaires to 125 respondents. The data processing technique used is a structural equation model that is processed with SmartPLS software against the UTAUT Model. The results of the analysis obtained findings that Performance Expectation, Effort Expectation, and Social Influence have a significant effect on Intention Behavior using SCeLE, while Facilitating Condition has no effect on Intention Behavior; and Intention Behavior has a significant effect on Use Behavior from using SCeLE. The implication of this finding is that the university should make improvements to SCeLE, especially in terms of facility conditions that support its use. This is needed so that the use of SCeLE can be used optimally to support teaching and learning activities for both students and teaching staff.

We live in Industry 4.0 where Internet of Things (IoT) is a new developing environment. A lot of researcher is trying to develop this new technology. As this technology is starting to become big, people try to attack the system of this technology. Luckily, a dataset contains of unattacked environment and attacked environment exist. The purpose of this research is to classify the incoming data in the IoT, contain a malware or not. In this research, we under sample the dataset because the datasets contain imbalance class. After that, we classify the sample using Random Forest. We use Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor and Decision Tree too as a comparison. The dataset that has been used in this research are from UCI Machine Learning Depository's Website. The dataset shows the data traffic from the IoT Device in a normal condition and attacked by Mirai or Bashlite. Random Forest gets greatest accuracy with 99.99% value with Precision, Recall, and F-Measure get 100% value. The score is followed by Decision Tree with 99.98% accuracy, KNN with 99.94% accuracy and Naive Bayes with 99.00% accuracy.

Increasing the number of public hotspots using Wi-Fi technology is one of opportunity to gain advantage for proposing many new technologies. One of emerging technology is an estimation system to locate the object/person position using Wi-Fi. The object estimation position is the technology to estimate object position accuracy, using signal Received Signal Strength (RSS) from Wi-Fi Access Point. The RSS is an information about the strength of the signal indicates the distance between the access point device. Through the Indoor Positioning System (IPS), RSS value information from multiple access points are processed in order to provide position information. In this study, the IPS using Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbour (FK-NN) classification method which is a combination of Fuzzy algorithm and K-NN to increase the accuracy of the object estimation position based on the learning data as reference point. Through hybridization from the algorithm is expected to calculate the position estimation more effectively and accurately and minimize errors in estimation. The results show that the algorithm FK-NN obtain the average location error of 2.4 meters with an accuracy percentage of 76%.

Home industries or home-based enterprises (HBEs) in developing countries are identical with smallness, flexibility or even informality. When this type of economic activities in developed countries seems familiar with the internet of things (IoT), water hyacinth HBEs in Indonesia particularly in the area of Rawapening Swamp, start to use internet for their business. The development of HBE is supported by the use of the internet in terms of ease of communication, buying and selling transactions, and information dissemination to develop businesses. This study aims to find out how much the benefits of using the internet on the income of business owner or operators of water hyacinth HBEs. By using descriptive statistical analysis, the subjects in this study were divided into two types, namely non digital and digital HBEs entrepreneurs. The results shows that the average income of non-digital HBEs is less than the average income of digital HBEs entrepreneurs.

Rainwater is one potential source of water that is often overlooked. Potential rainfall is often left discarded into runoff whereas with rainwater harvesting (RWH) system it could be harvested and used to meet the need for clean water and minimize the risk of flood by detaining the runoff. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of RWH systems implementation to meet the water need of public facilities in Palembang based on water balance concept. The behavioral model is used to simulate and mimic the RWH tank behavior. The analysis conducted on various scenarios based on RWH tank capacity and water demand. Two public facilities in the same area are analyzed, the office of Pengadilan Tinggi Agama (PTA) and SMAN 3 Palembang, along with 28 years of daily rainfall data. The financial analysis conducted using present worth analysis and payback period. For PTA, with 1050 L tank capacity, RWH is applicable and feasible. It can save the water up to 58% with an estimated payback period in 7, 5 years. Nonetheless, although SMAN 3 has a bigger catchment area, because of the higher demand (21 times than PTA), RWH is not feasible to implement. The water saving efficiency is just 29% for a system with 4 tanks of 5100 L. These results are expected to be used as the initial analysis to find the typology of RWH systems implementation in Indonesia.

Retention pond (RP) is part of green open space in the city. One of its functions is to provide ecosystem service to urban lives, thus its health should be protected. Measuring its pollution level is an important step for designing action plans for its protection and restoration. This study showed, based on Palmer Pollution Index scoring, both retention ponds located in PSCC and beside Siti Khodijah hospital showed possible high organic pollution levels (scores are 17 and 18) respectively, these are signals for priority treatment actions. The other seven RPs are at a medium level (the scores are 11 to 13), and the last four showed low organic level (the scores are 0-3). A further observation found that the PSSC retention pond was constantly dominated by Planktotrhix agardhii., a cyanobacter under concerned due to its potential to release cyanotoxin. A preliminary study was done in this study showed it had an effect to Cyprinus carpio L., gill and pathologic effects in the gill's lamella.

Environment-based diseases in developing countries mainly caused by poor sanitation and low hygienic behaviour. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) as government effort to change community's behavior concerning campaign of open defecation free, hand washing, household water treatment and domestic waste disposal is implemented through triggering activities. This study intended to analyze implementation process and outcome of CLTS in urban-slum area in Bandung municipality. It was sequential explanatory mixed-methods study among 53 urban-slum dwellers in Taman sari sub-district during Oct-Nov 2016. Quantitative data through self-administered questionnaires was collected to compare level of knowledge, attitudes, and intentions of community pre-post triggering activities and analyzed using paired t-test analysis. Qualitative data was collected by observations, in-depth interviews, and document studies to reveal, explain, and strengthen the results. Follow-up observation was conducted after one year to gain CLTS outcome. Results showed knowledge, attitude and intention significantly different before and after triggering activities (p=0.006; p=0.021; p=0.001, respectively). Qualitative analysis explained that predisposing-factors were constructed by community knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and habits. Enabling-factors consisted of environmental conditions, officer capability, resources, enabler agents, accessibility, appropriate technology, and sanitation facilities. Reinforcing-factors consisted of officer knowledge and attitudes, regulations, policies, and external support. However, follow-up one year after triggering activities proved that the change on knowledge, attitude, intention were not accomplished by community's action without any supervision by strong local ledership, government's facilitation and family support. Triggering activities on CLTS programme can increase knowledge, attitude and intention but intensive monitoring-evaluation and supervision should be carried out after implementation.

The reactions of storage and release of hydrogen as a fuel of the fuel cell with sodium metaborate (NaBO₂) / Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) media at various pressures and temperatures have been carried out. Hydrogen production is produced from hydrolysis of NaBH₄ and hydrogen storage is carried out with NaBO₂ media which is a by-product of the hydrolysis process of NaBH₄. The process of hydrogen production by hydrolysis of NaBH₄ takes place exotherm so that the highest speed occurs at low temperatures. Furthermore, the resulting NaBO₂ is used as a hydrogen storage material at varying pressures and temperatures. The largest hydrogen storage capacity at 3 bar and 40°C is 35.23% by weight and increases after several repetitions of release and storage. An easy hydrogen storage and release system for fuel cells is needed to anticipate the use of fuel cells as an environmentally friendly energy source for housing and vehicles.

In this work the Indentation Size effect (ISE) in the Vickers hardness tests and the scale and consistency/reliability of ISE has been systematically investigated by fitting data following the power law and proportional resistance model. In both cases, the results show that the ISE can be linked to the hardness-to-modulus ratio. A new concept of using ISE data for estimating the n values of steel has been explored and shown reasonable results for narrowing the range of predicted material properties based on hardness values.

A new concept to use the indentation size data of the Vickers indentation has been explored to improve the accuracy/robustness of inverse properties modelling based on hardness. Systematic experimental work has been performed on steel samples of different carbon contents and heat-treatments. The ISE data was analysed by fitting data following the power law and proportional resistance model. In both cases, the results show that the ISE can be linked to the hardness-to-modulus ratio (H/E). A new concept of using ISE data for estimating the work hardening coefficients (n) values of steel has been explored and shown reasonable results for narrowing the range of predicted material properties based on hardness values, thus improve the robustness of the inverse program

The complexity of design process and climate issues for architecture students often leaves behind design issues that are less responsive to the local environment. The design recommendations somehow lack of quantitative approaches, which are unable to achieve optimal building performance. Such as the solar analysis on buildings, especially in buildings with locations in tropical climates, can be both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the urgency to do simulations to solar analysis buildings becomes necessary. There are many software about solar analysis and many studies have examined it. In this study will be discussed further about the comparison between the results of the Sunhour (Sketchup Plugin) and Autodesk FormIt 360 solar analysis software, where both software are widely used by architectural students and can be obtained free of charge. The building that became the case study in this study is the right-wing facade building of the FPTK UPI (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia) located in Bandung City, analyzed with both software with the exact same location and time. The results from Sunhour and Autodesk FormIt360 compared were found to have correlated results.

Safety is one of vital aspects of liveable built environment. Designing a safe built environment requires comprehension regarding people's activities in that environment as well as their characteristics and abilities linked to those activities. People with various characteristics and abilities might use different methods and/or need different facilitations for performing activities, even when performed activities are similar. This paper presents how important comprehending characteristics and abilities of people in terms of visual sense is to color applications expected to support safe mobility in built environments. Colors in built environment have various functions. One of these functions is to provide visual information for identifying and navigating the environment. Color combinations enabling identification of built environment for fully-sighted people might be different from those of individuals with visual impairment. Conspicuous color combinations for fully-sighted people are not necessarily distinguishable for individuals with visual impairment having reduced functional vision. Building codes in Indonesia have included colour contrast as a requirement supporting safe mobility of people with visual impairment. Some public facilities in Indonesia have applied color combinations based on this requirement. However, this requirement is normative and vague; its applications are open to broad interpretation, which could lead to the occurrence of hazardous settings for mobility of people with visual impairment. The requirement needs more detailed descriptions established by utilising reliable measurement methods entailing comprehension of characteristics and abilities of people with visual impairment. Detailed descriptions will enable appropriate applications of colors supporting safe built environment for people with and without visual impairment.

A smart city is an IT-based city concept that carries the mission of good government and expected to bring city efficiency and create more orderly city due to reduced congestion, rapid information processing, and direct problem handling. But sometimes cities those interact quickly in cyberspace may not always be right in the real world. Some scholars worried about improving using of information technology in public space. It can change a social life, then turn the social sustainability here. Whereas, the principle of public space is an eye to eye and the presence of social communication. When community interaction is lost in public space, and people only focus on information technology held, then there is a spatial shifting meaning of public space.

In order to know about the spatial shifting meaning in Indonesian public space, this research will do several steps as below: 1) Tracing the role of technology information in Indonesian public space; 2) Identifying the existence of social interaction here; 3) Analysing the spatial meaning in public space has IT, and then 4) Figure out the spatial and its shifting meaning.

This research attempts to conduct qualitative methods, to capture the phenomena in a distinct location. This research needs to understand the existing conditions in facing IT forces into real practice of Indonesian public space. The expected result is a particular spatial meaning in public space. Finally, based on the outcome, we could know about the bringing precise concept together between the government and the communities facing the IT forces.

Starlet-Perdana stands for Stabilisasi & Rancangbangun Lereng Terpadu – Perkuatan Dayadukung Tanah (Stabilization & Design Integration of Slope – Strengthening of Soil Bearing Capacity). The research is carried out in the northern parts of Bandung Basin at Cilengkrang and Jatinangor areas, around the foot of Gunung Manglayang and Jatinangor. The soil and rock materials are from weathered volcanic rocks. Areas that have been identified as landslide-prone are required some geotechnical engineering as well as direction in environmental management and monitoring. This paper presents a model of slope stability and soil bearing capacity to support infrastructure planning. This paper explains the relationship of slope with Factor of Safety (FS), application of Starlet model, soil bearing capacity, and improvement of expansive soil. The research activity began with a literature study, field survey as well as data collection, field analysis and laboratory analysis of soil / rock mechanics, delineation of landslide-prone areas, analysis of the relationship between slope and Factor of Safety (FS), calculation of soil bearing capacity, map data processing. Infrastructure planning needs to have a strong and long-term element, so the direction of the environmental management and monitoring is required as one of the efforts in environmental feasibility studies.

Movement of people in Semarang city have been serving by the public transport, but the service it less efficient in terms of cost and time. This condition makes people prefer to use private vehicle. On the other hand, there are progress in technology era that present online transportation service. Online transportation is considered the fastest and flexible mobility for consumers. In addition, the cost of travel is more expensive than other vehicle. The research purpose was to examine the characteristics and model of online transportation demand in residential and education area. The method is quantitative using accidental sampling techniques, which is addressed to residents of Perumnas Tlogosari and Tembalang campus area who have used online transportation. The analysis tool used are linear regression analysis. The result of this research can find demand variables for movement by transportation online in residential and education area.

The sustainability of transportation systems in Jakarta is under threat from climate change. Better integration and planning of public transportation is an alternative to support land transportation and to solve the congestion problem when heading to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Hence, PT Railink, PT Angkasa Pura II, PT Kereta Api Indonesia with its BUMN synergy built rail-based transportation called Airport Train. Moreover, Airport Train is connected with Skytrain in an integrated building as a transferring point. This study analyzes the time integration to travel using the Airport Train from BNI City Station to the Skytrain to reach the passenger destination terminal by observing additional time factors in the integration building or vice versa on the Skytrain – Airport Train trips. The results of the analysis in the form of Train Travel Charts show both on Airport Train - Skytrain trip and Skytrain - Airport Train trip after paying attention to integration factors, there are several schedule conditions that require passengers to depart for the next Airport Train or Skytrain, and worse not accommodate each other at certain times.

Below we explore the relationship between culture and urban design in order to situate why this important interaction remains a somewhat vexed issue, one somewhat unexplored in the urban design literature. Our chosen site is the tropical paradise of Bali, a world renowned island famous for its culture and environment. Being physically isolated both geographically and culturally from the rest of Indonesia, Bali provides a unique opportunity to advance our knowledge of relationships critical to an urban design awareness. On the surface, urban density, a defining quality of cities is a central focus, round which issues of cultural identity revolve. In contention is the fact that the density of built form across the island is controlled by a single regulation, with the justification that it protects Balinese traditional culture. The following paper reveals not only that this relationship is illusory, but also that ideology is critical to our understanding. Traditional 'cultural' explanations are insufficiently encompassing. An archaeology of other factors that affect local culture interact in complex ways – a violent recent history, economic exploitation, global tourism and identity. Standing well outside the vocabulary of mainstream urban design yet formative of urban culture, these forces must be paid homage. They also exist within the realm of ideological formations suggesting that the culture: urban design relationship must be contained within a general acceptance of ideology as formative in urban space, since they bridge the gap between culture and the material base of Balinese Society

Most researchers using questionnaire survey in determining the trip distribution pattern in general especially to find out information on origin and destination. In Indonesia, a transportation survey is conducted by the Ministry of Transportation every five years, which mean the data will go outdated not long after it is published. There is a new way to get updated data by utilizing new data sources that are obtained through communication and information technologies such as geolocation feature on Twitter. This study tried to infer the trip distribution of urban worker at Sudirman Station using survey and geolocation feature on Twitter. The results of this study indicated that the comparison of trip distribution which was obtained through the survey showed more varied results than new data sources such as social media Twitter. The variation of the trip distribution was assessed by the differences of precise locational information which was obtained by both approaches. Both approaches could be used to describe the trip distribution is based on the structure of the city. This study also contributed to explore the usage of geolocation feature for estimating the trip distribution of urban worker at urban transit area by using additional phase during the generating twitter data process.

This study aims to determine the effect of materials used in building envelopes on energy use in office buildings. To obtain energy use analysis data, ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013 based parameters are used in the Sefaira Building Simulation application. The building analyzed will be simulated, using variables such as sunlight conduction with roofs, walls, building window ratios, gap ratios in buildings, and use of electrical equipment per square meter. Based on the analysis carried out, the use of building energy by using standard material specifications from the application reaches 180 kWh / m2 / yr from what is supposed to be 79 kWh / m2 / yr. After being analyzed, a specification change is given to the liquid application so that the results of the analysis are 89 kWh / m2 / yr. So that the energy that can be reduced reaches 91 kWh / m2 / yr. This proves that the selection of building material specifications can affect energy use in rental office buildings.

Kemiri Sunan (Reutalis trisperma) is one of the plants that can be used as an alternative fuel because it contains triglyceride that can be converted into Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or biodiesel by transesterification reaction. This study aimed to determine the effect of capacity increment of transesterification on yield and quality of biodiesel. The method used in this study was experimental method with descriptive analysis. The treatment performed in this study were five different capacity of transesterification i.e. 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mL. Each treatment repeated three times. The parameters of biodiesel observed were yield, moisture content, density, acid number and FAME identification (GCMS). The results revealed that Kemiri Sunan biodiesel produced by transesterification process in 800 mL capacity fulfilled the SNI standard of Biodiesel SNI 7182:2015 with moisture content was 0, 07%, acid number was 1, 76 mg-KOH/goil and methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate and methyl linolenate as the four major FAME in Kemiri Sunan biodiesel.

The dependence on energy affects the development of a region. Small islands usually have energy dependence on the nearby big island. In order to meet the needs of electric energy, Belitung Island has operated steam power plant as a form of energy independence in Bangka Belitung, but to meet the energy needs of households and various industrial sectors, especially the tourism industry in East Belitung which continues to increase, the capacity of electrical energy power on the island needs to be increased. Solar energy is one of the potential energy sources contained in East Belitung which can be used as an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly. Placement of location for the development of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System can be done by utilizing Geographic Information System with Multi Criteria Analysis, determining location for PV placement requires region suitability analysis using GIS technology. Ground assessment is used for knowing the real condition of the ideal area, then the potential site for photovoltaic system development can be obtained.

Glycerol is a by-product of the biodiesel industry which can be further processed into a product that has economic value. One of them is becoming a fuel additive. Glycerol was reacted with TBA (Tertiary Butyl Alcohol) to produce MTGE (Methyl Tertiary Glycerol Ethers) by using HZSM-5 as catalyst. The experiment was conducted within 2 hours, a pressure of 1atm, using batch reactor. This research was studied of effect temperature, catalyst concentration, and reactant molar ratio to conversion of glycerol. The product of reaction was analyzed by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The product was contained like as Butane, 1- (2-methoxyethoxy) -CAS or 1-Butoxy-2-methoxyethane or 2, 5-dioxanonane amounted to 29.98% and 19.74% and Propane, 1- (1, 1-dimethylethoxy) -2-methyl (CAS) or 1-tert-Buthoxy-2-methylpropane by 6.66% and 1, 86% for the ratio of 4: 1 and 1: 1. The results of the experiment have shown the effect of single variable effect on the conversion of glycerol as follows: temperature (X₁), reactant molar ratio (X₃), and catalyst concentration (X₂). The interaction variable affected in etherification reaction followed temperature-molar ratio (X₁X₃), temperature-catalyst concentration-molar ratio (X₁X₂X₃), catalyst concentration-molar ratio (X₂X₃), and temperature-catalyst concentration (X₁X₂).

Contemporary research on resilient city has important role in directing the strategies and scenarios of planning to develop more adaptive cities against disaster. This concern has been manifested in the proposal of urban spatial planning concepts such as sponge city in China and the framework for resilience-oriented planning in Europe. This effort is one of the strategies to reduce the loss due to the increasing disaster especially one caused by hydro-meteorological disaster such as flood, typhoon, and sea-level rise. Indonesia responses this issue by synchronizing the Law No. 24 Year 2007 on the disaster mitigation and Law No. 26 Year 2007 on spatial planning. Both of the laws mandate spatial planning as an instrument of disaster management. Since the form of spatial planning as disaster mitigation instrument is still unclear, this research aimed to suggest a spatial plan as a disaster mitigation instrument through blue space. Applying library research, this article elaborates the condition of climate change in Semarang City, its land use shifts from unbuilt-up area to built-up area and its opportunity for the development of spatial planning instrument by adding one planning element that is blue space.

Discomfort that is often felt by street children in utilizing health services occurs because of negative perceptions of themselves which come from themselves and surrounding environment. This caused street children as marginal groups, as they do not have the confidence to access health services. This condition is complicated by the limited health services for adolescents. Street children need to develop self-efficacy that can build their confidence and courage in the process of seeking treatment. This study aims to describe self-efficacy which is an internal factor that can influence the behavior of street children in seeking health services. Cross sectional quantitative research with simple random sampling method used to retrieve 115 samples of the children-on-the-street aged 12-20 years in five urban areas in Indonesia, namely Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (JABODETABEK). The results showed that self-efficacy variables could influence the behavior of street children using health services (OR = 3, 847). These results proved that street children with high self-efficacy had four-times potential of behavior in utilizing health services compared to street children with low self-efficacy. This also proved that increasing self-efficacy could help street children to have healthy behaviors and improve their ability to monitor their health independently. Increasing self-efficacy is one of the effective strategies to overcome health problems in street children.

Considered as people with both physical and/or mental disabilities, an elderly might find it hard to get into a social involvement. However, being bedridden and disconnected with their social circle is proven to cause more damage to their health, hence declining their quality of life. They need a place to connect and to enjoy both by themselves or by company of others, a home-like place which is called a third place. This paper seeks to find the home-like factor in a third place as a site to help enhancing the quality of life of the elderly. The study was done through home and at-homeness theory in literature study as well as case study in Hema Resto, Kemang Pratama, Bekasi City, Indonesia with defamiliarization and interviews. The result indicates that the arrangement of radial seating pattern helps them to connect more with people around them, giving them chance to be involved and enhance of elderly's life quality.

Nowadays, the gyroscope and accelerometer sensors are available on almost all smartphone devices. One of the sensor uses is to sensor is to determine body's position. It is related to human activity that could be related to someone's fitness level, and monitoring it is one of the main focus smart city system. By using classification method, we can determine body's position. The experiment was conducted using k-nearest neighbor (KNN) with n-neighbors 3, 5, 7, and 9, and support vector machine (SVM) which kernels were polynomial, radial basis function (RBF), and sigmoid methods. The results of the K-NN method for all n-neighbor variations were 85.3% - 85.7% for 10 folds of cross validation. While for SVM, only the RBF kernel had a good result with 86.0% for 10 folds of cross-validation. So it can be concluded that K-NN and SVM with kernel RBF had good result.

People with disabilities are those who have physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory limitations for a long time thus can hinder their full participation and effectiveness in society. In an effort to obtain adequate health services, people with disabilities need to get special services to accomodate their disabilities. Until now, there is no data which describes the accessibility of primary health center building in Indonesia, especially in Bandung. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility of Primary Health Center (PHC), or Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas), in Bandung for people with disabilities.

Method: This study was a descriptive study with the subjects of PHC in Bandung which had been selected through cluster sampling. The data was obtained through direct observation in the period of August to September 2018. The accessibility of the building was assessed using the form adapted from the Ministry of Public Works Regulation no.30/PRT/2006 and Ministry of Health Regulation no.75 of 2014.

Results: A total of 15 PHC samples were assessed for accessibility. The average accessibility score of all PHC was 53.7%, with the lowest value being 30% (poor) to the highest 78.1% (good). As many as 87% of the PHC samples have poor accessibility.

Conclusion: The accessibility of primary health center buildings for people with disabilities in Bandung in average still does not meet the standard. This is maybe due to the inadequate detail of accessibility criteria in national regulation of PHC and the fact that there are some PHC which have not been accredited yet.

Short-term load forecasting is an important activity in planning the operation of the electric power system to estimate the load conditions of the following days and the results may help in the decision making. The imbalance in electrical power between the supply side and the demand side may lead blackouts on the consumer side. Consequently, the generating unit must be operated to meet its load requirements. Various techniques and methods are used to short-term load forecasting. Learning vector quantization neural network (LVQNN) is a classification algorithm that is superior in classifying digital images. Based on these considerations this research aimed to develop LVQNN to forecast short-term electricity peak loads. The idea was used as a reference on the discovery of architectural data classification processes that resembled forecasting techniques. LVQNN development was carried out by adjusting the sample data to the LVQNN architecture. First-distinct sample data were used to obtain the weight vector, then the remaining data from the distinct data process were divided into training data and testing data. By developing the new concept of LVQNN into forecasting technique, the preliminary research was conducted on 11 commodities to predict price fluctuations that have relatively precise forecasting values when implemented in the population. Based on these results, this algorithm will be developed to forecast the fluctuation of electrical load to provide better results in the upcoming research. It is expected to perform with better accuracy results to indicate that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the predicted values of loads (in MW) will close to the actual loads.

Kampung Sruni is an urban settlement located in the Dieng plateau region, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Along with population growth, new house buildings have been being constructed. Unfortunately, these new houses are being built with a lack quality of planning: the availability of green space, natural air circulation, natural lighting, and material. Improving the conditions of houses with urban acupuncture pattern seems to be the most respectful way. Three site locations are chosen—according to the different contexts of topography and surrounding neighborhood. On these sites, houses are designed specifically to each site context. However, these houses have same design logic. The tropicality is emphasized by arrangement of space elements—wall, openings, and materials—to obtain fresh air circulation and natural lighting penetration along the day. Another important idea is to put large enough space to generate family's economy: to be freely used for shop, workshop, gallery, even guest house.

Apartment development in urban areas is often proposed as solution to meet the housing needs. However, building construction could contribute air pollutants that have a negative impact on health. This activity could generate Total Suspended Particulate (TSP). This study aimed to quantify the composition of TSP (Si, Pb and Ca) arising from building construction activities and comparing the measurement results with the air quality standard in Indonesia. The sampling method was undertaken according to SNI 19-7119.3-2005. Based on this research, the TSP concentration in samples has exceeded the permissible limit (the highest concentration of TSP was 786, 13 µg/m3). The result of characterization of TSP indicates that the highest Si concentration was found at the point of transportation path, while Pb and Ca.

Nowadays, many wearable and smartphones have their built-in sensors that can be used to obtain the information about location to make an Indoor Localization Systems (ILS). It could be helpful on developing Smart City Systems, where ILS can handle the information collection about space and placement inside a room or building. In this research, we used the datasets from UCI Machine Learning Repository, which consists data of geomagnetic field fingerprint captured by both smartphone and smartwatch sensors from certain locations with timestamps provided, and then followed by clusterization processes to determine whether each device could effectively used for ILS based on radiation emitted in the same environment. For the methods, we used K-means (for k=2 to k=10) and Hierarchical Clustering. After several experiments, hierarchical clustering works best to cluster the data since the outliers problem doesn't occurred in this algorithm, and every instance get clustered with high homogenity for each member and every clusters differs enough in characteristics. Newer device with more sensor needed for next research.

This study aims to investigate coping strategies used by Indonesian nurses dealing with their workplace stressors as an indicator of quality of nurses' life. Nursing is a profession which always exposed to stressful situations in the clinical area. Prolonged stress without effective coping strategies may negatively contribute to the nurses' quality of life. This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional design. A random sample of 134 nurses working in both public and private hospitals was surveyed in this study using the Brief COPE Questionnaire. The findings indicate that the nurses used religion, positive reframing, instrumental support, and planning as the highest frequent used coping strategies. The results of this study described the picture of the Indonesian nurses' most frequently used of coping strategies in their workplace. The next stage of this study will aim to examine the influence of such coping strategies toward nurses' quality of life and well-being.

Transportation policy in Bandung has advanced to fundamental changes that are environmentally oriented. Mobility is the key driver for development, while type of transportation links between areas and connecting each other to facilitate their economic and social needs. Development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is one of the solutions to reduce the use of private vehicles with the provision of mass transportation. The objective of this study was to describe the existing service of Trans Metro Bandung (TMB) and its emission. The TMB's emission factor is analyzed by using Vehicle Kilometers Travelled (VKT) and fuel consumption in a year. The results showed that the emissions of TMB have influenced the air quality of Bandung. Thus, other alternatives energy is suggested in the development of public transportation (BRT) that supports eco-transportation.

Badminton is one of popular sport in Indonesia. It is proved with the achievements that reached by the athletes from a long ago until now. Therefore, construction of a special training place at the provincial is a good thing to do. That also worthwhile for keeping performances badminton in Indonesia. However, the place for training need to be designed as good as possible in order to the athletes can practice with comfort and can reach better achievements. Badminton is one of sports that very closely related with the speed of wind and sunlight. It becomes a challenge for designer to indicate the practice area as per the standards. The high energy is really needed. However, the energy consumption that also high isn't good for the environment. In this papers will be discuss how to make the energy simulation that later can be used to efficiently use energy.

This study aims to develop web-based active tutorial model in Basic Chemistry subject to enhance critical thinking and learning community of students as prospective chemistry teachers. This development research consists of define, design, develop, and disseminate steps and utilizes instruments namely questionnaires, validation sheets, interview guidelines, field records, observation sheets, and test. It produces Chemwebs instructional material which has been tested for its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This product is categorized as valid based on expert reviews with an average score of 4.22. Product's practicality in one-to-one evaluation is 4.01 while in small-group testing is 4.30. Field test results show that this product is effective to enhance students' learning outcomes and improve their critical thinking skills noticed from gain-score of its indicators which is about 0.6. Students also tend to be active in learning community and discuss topics contained in this product inside and outside classroom.

This study aims to determine the characteristics of activated carbon from rubber fruit shell and its potential to adsorb color waste produced by Songket craft home industry in Palembang city. This study applied varied carbonization temperature i.e. 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, and 650°C and different activators: KOH and H₃PO₄. Data obtained from this research were then compared to Indonesian National Standard and Indonesian Industry Standard. Findings show that the optimum content of moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon obtained from sample which is carbonized at 650°C and activated by 20% KOH are 1.09%, 3.55%, 30.17%, and 66.28%, respectively. Its optimum ability to adsorb iodine, methylene blue, and benzene are 201.25 mg/g, 19.26 mg/g, and 13.32%. This activated carbon can adsorb procion blue about 2.31 mg/g. This study suggests a new recommendation to combine this activated carbon with zeolite in a particular formulation to improve its ability to adsorb dye waste produced from Palembang Songket crafts.

The newly appointed UNESCO Global Geopark of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu is located around the Pelabuhan Ratu Bay in the southwestern part of Sukabumi Regency. There are several geosites in this geopark along the coastline included in 8 districts. This study area is marked by the presence of Cimandiri active fault in the form of river mouth to the bay. The active fault zone is home to several epicentres of shallow earthquakes in the study area. This paper is aimed to highlight the needs of creating disaster resilience community toward the safe live-able environment. Methodology in this study consists of analysing geological hazard potential maps and communities distribution in the built environment related to geotourism. Result of study shows that the geopark assignment has attract more tourists and visitors to this area than before. Some locations of geosites are found vulnerable of geological disaster such as earthquake and tsunami. It is relatively unsafe for the inhabitants and visitors when this geological event occurs. Several communities have attention to build disaster resilience through education stakeholders as well as disaster awareness for the public. It can be concluded that the ideas of disaster resilience for community are already started to be implemented eventhough there is still a lot work to do in supporting the safe live-able environment especially in facing the geotourism development in the study area.

Holtekamp bridge which is located in Jayapura region between Hamadi and Holtekamp Village in the Northern part of Papua Island. The region constitutes an active earthquake zone with the recurrence frequency and magnitude of the earthquake are relatively high. The region is located on an active fault zone. The seismotectonic setting in the region is directly implied to the calculations of the seismic design for engineering and design purposes on building and non-building structures including Holtekamp bridge in Jayapura city. To recognize a characteristic of the earthquake at the site of interest, the historical earthquakes (background) data surrounding the study area. Local microtremor measurements data are analyzed by means of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA) using some ground-motion models in attenuation relationship equations. In resulting of seismic hazard parameter as represented by peak ground acceleration (PGA), values in earthquake scenario at operating basis earthquake (OBE), maximum design earthquake (MDE), and maximum credible earthquake (MCE) conditions. These values are used as a reference to evaluate the compliance of the current technical aspects with the new required design facing the updated seismicity parameters.

In this day, mobile application is being used as an information source. People easily searches for any information, especially regarding reproductive health. Unfortunately, validation of information on the internet still doubtful. We knew that knowledge plays an important role in improving the personal quality of reproductive health. Our study was to analyze and explain community perspective about reproductive health and their opinion after used Jakpros application for daily basis. The sample conducted of 16 subjects from two sub-district general hospital in Jakarta. The subject consisted of women in reproductive age. In this study, we used descriptive analytics and qualitative method. Data were collected by direct observation in small focus group discussion. Participants admitted after they used Jakpros application feature, they were more aware of their reproductive health. Jakpros provides convenience in accessing information and knowledge in valid way

Smart City is one of the trends around the world today. In order to achieve a smart city environment, we need everything to be connected and to be managed. As one of the aspects that have strong impact on people life is their own activities, a smart city should be accompanied by smart people which could be actualized by using sensors to recognize their activities. In this research, we present and evaluate a method to recognize the gesture of someone leaving bed using RFID device. We use a classification approach in our system to conduct the experiment. The method that we are using is MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron). By using this method, we got 90.17% of accuracy, which is slightly better than Naive Bayesian that got 84.46% of accuracy.

Reading community, Taman Bacaan Masyarakat (TBMs) have a long story as the movement center of information literacy. At the beginning of its emergence, in the 1990s, TBMs stretched slowly but surely became the driving force for information literacy. In its development, TBMs emerged as a learning center, until there were several of them who were also leading the role of empowerment centers for the community. Using the case study method from qualitative research, this article tries to explore the other side of the role of TBMs in the midst of society in an effort to prepare an information society in Bandung Smart City to face global challenges. The study of several cases in previous studies with the topic of TBMs studies shows that there is a role for TBMs that has not been explored related to the challenges of globalization. This article seeks to reveal the unique side of TBMs as a global literacy center in Bandung Smart City. Hopefully the writing in this article will provide a discourse space for researchers of information literacy to continue to inspire TBMs that are actively growing in the midst of society to be part of community empowerment efforts, as well as global literacy locomotives for the environment.

This paper discusses the process of land use change and its consequential territorial conflict. Such change often occurs in residential areas with a high land value, adequate public facilities, an access to the city center, and the landowner's desire to open a business of his own, as well as the leeway in regulations that allows for land use change. This research focuses on the social impacts of land use change such as comfort disturbances, territorial disturbances, and social disturbances. This research used observation and interview methods on a street in the Bintaro Jaya residential complex. We observed the residents' behavior, activities, and circulation that occurred and after that, we conducted in-depth interviews with the residents to understand the perception on their territory and the developer. We found that there was a territorial clash between the residential and the commercial space such as parking area issues, visual and audio disturbances which had a negative impact on the residents. We concluded that the main road is not effective to be used for a residential space due to the potential to be developed into commercial space in the future.

Citatah area of West Bandung Regency has several locations of mining site in West Java Province. The mining sites consist of limestone, marble, andesite and sand quarries. The long period of mining industry had been started since colonial era. Despite the environmental damages due to mining operation, there are still many people living in this area. The objective of this paper is to examine the available human resources around the study area to support its mining industry. Methodology in this study consists of human resources mapping to analyse its support for sustainable urban environment. Results show that around several quarries in the study area people have no longer interests to support the mining industry. Some communities have more attention to build the more sustainable idea of geotourism by creating historical site of Guha Pawon Cave and the beautiful Stone Garden in the study area. It can be concluded that there is awareness of community for the conservation ideas to support the sustainable urban development rather than mining industry.

Transformation is essential in the development of sustainable city spaces. Presently, the rapid changes in various aspects of life are progressing in unpredictable ways, and the unexpected directions of such change creates informal development. In addressing these issues, this research investigates the relationship between rapid urban transformation and informality. The research is conducted specifically in Kelapa Dua, Depok, a location in which major physical and functional transformation has taken place in recent decades. In addition to literature studies and field observation, this research conducted mapping and in-depth interviewing of inhabitants. The research found that informality by a way of unanticipated and unaccommodated transformational processes emerges as a substitute for actions by the formal sector.

Gaskets are very important in preventing leakage in the water piping system. Designing a gasket forming process is important to ensure that the products produced are as desired so that they can work optimally to prevent leakage. The use of software based finite element method is widely used in design to minimize the cost, time, and experimental material. In this study examined the effect of forming process parameters such as die type and friction coefficient of dies surface on gasket products. The results of the computer simulation, it is expected to get the best parameters to produce gasket products when gasket produced later.

The present study was investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract Mymercodia pendans(EEMP) in white rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by oral administration of Paracetamol (PCM) 250 mg/kg/d for ten days. Effect of concurrent administration of EEMP at a dose of 250 mg/kg/d given by oral route was determined using aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and histological paramater as indicators of hepar damage. The results showed that ethanol extract of M. pendans resulted in significant (p<0.05) decrease in paracetamol-induced by increasing levels of liver enzymes. Histopathologic examination revealed that PCM administration produced liver cell necrosis, degeneration, hemorrhage and congestion, but the degree of induced hepatotoxicity-paracetamol was reduce by treatment with EEMP. This can be concluded that ethanolic extract of M. pendans possess hepatoprotective activity.

Premature babies have a high level of sensitivity that one of them is toward temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment. Therefore special treatment is required for premature babies. Related to it the babies required infant incubator to stabilize the temperature and humidity around the baby's body. To control temperature stability at 36 ° C and humidity at 80% - 60% RH value in incubator space required Arduino Mega 2560, Arduino Uno, LM35 sensor, DHT22 sensor and added PID control (Proportional Integral Derivative) to reduce maximum overshoot (Mp) and error signal average ≤ 5% and speed up the system to reach the setting point. With the PID control the maximum overshoot value Mp = 0.833889%, the error signal average e = 0.011033% and the temperature reached steady level at the 218 seconds on testing the infant prototype without load.

Most women with gynecological cancer have low of quality of life. This is due to the perception of the community that identifies cancer with death thus creates a feeling of being useless for life and introvert more. To overcome, a nursing intervention is needed that can improve the quality of life of patients with gynecological cancer. Methods: The literature search was conducted using EBSCO, PubMed, ProQuest and Cengange with the key words gynecological cancer, quality of life, nursing intervention. Furthermore, 188 articles (EBSCO 5, PubMed 13, ProQuest 169 and Cengange 1) were retrieved, of which 11 (EBSCO 2, PubMed 6, and ProQuest 3). The findings are made in table form and narrated. Results: Findings showed that certain nursing interventions can be done to improve the quality of life on gynecologic cancer survivors through physical activity, palliative care, Anma therapy, homecare, Leadership and Coaching for Health (LEACH) programs, Non-sporting qigong (NSQG), Qigong sports (SQG), and Our Fear of Recurrence Therapy (FORT). Conclusions and Recommendations: Providing comprehensive physical and psychological nursing interventions through both hospital and home care services can improve the quality of life on gynecologic cancer survivors.

The emergence of waste management technology innovation is able to inhibit the accumulation of waste in temporary collection sites and landfill. Innovations that have been developed in developed countries and summarized in the concept of "Smart Waste Management" are still not able to be applied to cities in developing countries, such as Indonesia. This is because the technologies that already exist in Indonesia are still far behind by developed countries in the world. In addition to sophisticated technology, the understanding and behaviour of the community has also been more advanced in the field of waste management, which starts from the process of sorting waste in each household to the recycling process of waste to minimize the amount of waste entering the landfill. This study took place in the city of Semarang, Central Java where the area is an urban area with waste problems that must be addressed immediately. The lack of technology, especially the city-scale recycling technology makes land in the landfill increasingly unable to accommodate the production of waste that enters every day. Therefore, the aim of this study is to define the high level of application of the Smart Waste Recycling concept that has been carried out in Semarang City by utilizing the technology currently available.

The efforts in achieving all indicators of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) should be done by everyone. One of the goals that is needed to be achieved is to reduce road traffic fatalities by 50% by 2020. The burden caused by road injury is very big. Preventive step such as a safety tool usage is needed to reduce the burden. Child Safety Seat (hereinafter abbreviated CSS) is one of the preventive measures that could be done to reduce the impact caused by road injuries in children. Mother usually takes the main role in deciding what or what not to give to the children, including CSS. There are internal and external factors that could influence their choices. One of the factors is the influence from other family members. This research aims to explore the influence given by other family members regarding the CSS usage level in Bandung. This research used qualitative research design using focus group discussions. The discussions were done to 12 parents in Bandung who own private car and children under the age of 10. The analysis was done using the WHO's Determinants of Health framework. Mothers of the informants didn't recommend their children to use CSS, on the other hand, the spouses of the informants supported their wife in using CSS for their children. From this research, it can be concluded that there were positive and negative influences from the other family members regarding CSS usage.

Sumedang is one of the Regency in West Java Province. This regency has a potential for being the SMART CITY which has the well-known campus such as Padjadjaran Univeristy. This research aims to analyse the model of Science and Technology Park (STP) in a new perspective that is appropriate with the eco-social condition in Sumedang. STP is a science park that is managed by the professional specialties to grow up the community welfare through the innovation culture, business competitiveness, and institution based on knowledge. Generally, this research was conducted by using 3 phases that are analysing the eco-social condition, comparing the STPM in the different area, and designing the concept of STPM. The Penta-Helix concept uses the 5 major components that are Government, Research Institute, Company, Information Technology (IT) and Society. Through this concept, Sumedang could be a SMART CITY and the eco-social progress thruster in West Java Province.

Based on its functional aspects, the area is divided into two, namely urban and rural areas. Problems related to solid waste are not spared from that areas. However, problem-solving solutions cannot be generalized between the two areas because of the different characteristics of the community. This study took place in Boyolali District, Central Java, consisting of 192 rural areas and 75 urban areas. Judging from the characteristics of the population, most people in rural areas do not consider the waste management system that is already important. The main reason is the mindset of the community and applicable waste retribution. Rural communities prefer to burn all their waste on their own land rather than having to pay for waste transportation or recycle their waste. Unlike the case with people in urban areas who have followed the pattern of solid waste management carried out by the government. In addition, there are several community groups in urban areas that have begun to actively recycle waste even its still use conventional technology. Therefore, the application of smart waste management, especially smart waste recycling were already applied in districts which closed to the capital region.

Myrmecodia pendens is one of the medicinal plants that can provide healing effects, including injuries to the bones. Bone injury can occur due to many things, including injury due to infection, non-infection, degeneration and neoplasm. Bone is the most important part of the body for humans. Decreasing bone function, will affect the human activity, therefore, faster bone healing is needed. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the role of Myrmecodia pendens on bone wound healing process. Several studies showed that Myrmecodia pendens contains flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, quinones, and glycosides, and anti-inflammatory substances. These materials are markers in the healing process. Myrmecodia pendens was proven to accelerate the healing process. Conclusion showed that Myrmecodia pendens is a medicinal plant that can accelerate the healing process of injury to the bones.

Supply of sustainable clean water is an activity that must be carried out towards smart cities. Nevertheless, the availability of water is decreasing both in quality and quantity. Wastewater including domestic wastewater is a potential source that can be reused as clean water supply dealing with water scarcity. This is due to domestic wastewater is produced continuously in large amount. In addition, reuse can reduce the total cost of handling wastewater. One modern technology that can be used for domestic wastewater treatment is membrane technology. Characteristics, various types, advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of membrane technology for domestic wastewater were discussed. This paper presents a review of domestic wastewater reuse by using membrane technology. More specifically this paper discusses domestic wastewater.

Flooding is one of the hydrometeorological disasters that often-hit Bekasi during rainy seasons. Flood in Bekasi is caused by its topographical characteristics and poor drainage condition. As Jakarta's buffer zone, the mobilization inhibition of Bekasi people will impact economic activities in Jakarta. Therefore, a mitigation measure is needed to reduce losses. This research aims to map the flood exposure of Bekasi's settlement areas as a reference for mitigation action. The level of exposure in this research is analyzed by assessing rainfall, land use, slope, altitude, drainage conditions, and distance from rivers. This exposure mapping uses remote sensing data based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results show that Bekasi's settlement areas prone to flooding are in sloping areas, areas near the river, and areas with poor drainage conditions. These areas include the South Bekasi Subdistrict, East Bekasi, North Bekasi, West Bekasi and Rawalumbu.

A regional development will decrease the open green space that will affect the less water infiltration during the rainy season and causing the high intensity of the erosion rate. Jatinangor is a well-known new satellite city that located in undulating volcanic hills as the part of the Southeast Mt Manglayang. This area has been degraded from agricultural land into the residential and educational area. This study aims to determine the erodibility factor potential as one of the important factors to an erosion prediction. The data were obtained by collecting several undisturbed samples and tested the grain size and hydrometer analysis, atteberg limit test to know the grain size distribution. This result showed that Jatinangor Area has a high potential value of erodibility that caused by the silt domination and Ilite clay mineral that potential to swelling. The high erodibility values are affected by volcanic material as the parent rock that consists of Tuff, Lapilli Tuff, Grain supported and matrix supported Breccia with Plagioclase and K-Feldspar percentage 15-35%. Whereas the low erodibility value in the higher clay soil percentage is affected by the less percentage of plagioclase and K-fledspar, and the Tuffaceous sand matrix that difficult to erodible. The conservations are needed to decrease the erodibility effect and minimize the erosion rate annual.

Breast cancer is the most women's cancer worldwide especially in developing countries including Indonesia. This cancer is affected women's physically and psychologically. Those effects may influence women's quality of life (QoL). An appropriate psychosocial intervention would be significant to survivors' QoL. This study is aimed to identify interventions that effective in dealing with psychosocial problems, and in improving QoL. Methods, this review addresses the question: what interventions are effective in managing psychological problems in breast cancer survivors. We conducted a literature review, we searched Pubmed, Ebsco, Cengage, and Cochrane for articles focusing on any types of psychosocial interventions. Through a database search, 543 articles were identified and after manual review, 7 studies were identified and appraised. Results, there were six randomized control trial and one quasi-experiment method involved in the analysis step. The interventions were 1) mindfulness therapy (4 articles)-2) behavioral therapy (2 articles), 3) acceptance and commitment therapy (1 article). The seven studies reported significant effects in reducing psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and mood problems. The intervention also improved patients' QoL. Conclusion and recommendation psychosocial interventions are effective to help breast cancer survivors as an individual, and none of those studies had involved family in interventions. There is a need to develop a study that involves the family in the intervention, as the family is the main support for Indonesian.

Transportation is critical to sustainable development; it enhances economic growth and accessibility. The increase number of vehicles produced and used around the world for economic purpose also increases the number of traffic accidents. Traffic accidents is one of the highest cause of mortality and disability, therefore, the World Health Organization urges to reduce the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents through system improvements and access to road safety as mentioned in the third and eleventh Sustainable Development Goals target and the Global Plan. National Police Corps data, 2017, shows that the number of motorcycle accidents was five times higher than other types of vehicle accidents. This research aims at finding out the relationship between the types of road traversed and motorcyclist helmet use obedience. Chi-square test indicated a significant association with medium effect size (p<.01). The highest disobedience occurred in local road types (76%), followed by collective and arterial (22.2% and 1.8% respectively). Thus, control in the helmet use especially in local and collective roads has to be increased.

The article purpose to elaborate: attitudes, behaviour and understanding of Citizen's Citarum River, especially at Cieunteung and Linggar Villages Bandung Regency which are often exposed to floods, waste and rubbish through the perspective of "bottom up" environmental communications. The research method used is descriptive approach with qualitative data analysis technique. The results indicate that still low attitudes and understanding of citizens about the condition of a healthy river (air and water); Lack of awareness and communication activities between citizens, formal and informal community leaders in finding the right solution; The low participation of citizens and community leaders in seeking sustainable solution; Lack of supervision and law enforcement of the environment. Recommendation: The importance of advocacy movement, participation and assistance from and by citizens of the Citarum River (Bottom up Communication); The importance of forming groups or communities of citizens at the Citarum river area; The importance of communication and coordination is done intensively and sustainably; Local government interventions need to involve formal and informal leaders; The importance of supervision and law enforcement seriously and professional.

Most of the residential areas in Palembang were located at lowland such as riverside. The problem of flood is inevitable at this area. Flood brings loss to the property. This paper aims to seek the potency of applying smart water flow management to cope the risk of loss caused by flood. To achieve the aims, the study (1) observed how residents manage their house to cope the flood; (2) mapped the function of the buildings at a riverside settlement in Palembang and (3) formulized the strategy for anticipating the risk. Data were collected by interview and field survey. Qualitatively, data were overlapped with the topography map to understand the flow of the runoff water within the settlement. Findings reveal that the distance from the water body determine the strategy on cope the risk of flood

Introduction: Constipation is a very subjective symptom experienced by patients. Although ROME-IV could be used for diagnosis of functional constipation, it could not assess treatment response. The Patient Assessment of Constipation – Symptoms (PAC-SYM©) questionnaire was developed for this purpose. However, the PAC-SYM© had not been translated and adapted into Indonesian language.

Methods: The original PAC-SYM© questionnaire was translated and adapted based on the available guidelines. The final version of the translation was then used to perform validity and reliability analysis. A total of 64 patients with chronic constipation from the local community in Jakarta, Indonesia was used for the psychometric evaluation. Principal component analysis and structural equation modeling were also attempted.

Results: Most of the study subjects were female. The Cronbach's alpha for the overall average score was 0.869 which showed good internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the overall score was 0.743 which showed good test-retest reliability. Content validity was considered to be sufficient by experts. Each domain correlated strongly with the total score. PAC-SYM© had moderate correlation with PAC-QOL which showed concurrent validity. The multi-trait analysis showed scaling success. Question 7 showed a very high floor effect (84.4%), and therefore omitted from the factor analysis. The principal component analysis revealed a new 'two-factors' structure, with question from the original 'rectal' domain combined into the 'stool' domain. The structural equation modeling indicated good model fit.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of PAC-SYM© was valid and reliable to be used in clinical settings.

Automation system become increasingly complex and it needed to be monitored actively. Due to wide variance tasks to be done not suprising that the complexity problem occurs. The failure of the system can impact to economic loss for a company. For this purpose, this paper compare the methods to classify sensorless synchronous motors task to investigate the accuracy and precision of random forest classification and linear Support Vector Classifier (SVC). With cross-validation, the result show that the average accuracy is 99.816% with random forest and 66.04% with linear SVC. As the conclution, random forest classification is more precise than SCV method in this field.

The coastline is a dynamic land form because of the processes which come from the sea as well as from the land. Change in the coastline is the shifting position of the beach from its former place. There are many types of changes in the coastlines that are caused by many factors whether they are natural or human factors. The problem in this study is how coastline changes are caused by natural factors and human factors in Serang City. The research used Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images with 3 periods which were 1990 and 1998, 1998 and 2008, and the last period was 2008 and 2018. Abrasion and accretion is calculated based on the area, rate, distance changes, and long coastline experienced both. Land physical variables that are used in this research are topography, geology, land use and coastline, while the oceanic physical variables are ocean waves, currents, and tides. Human activities also become research variables such as sea sand mining. The result showed that coastline change happened along the coastal areas in Serang City. One of the evidence is an abrasion area that destroyed a mangrove forest in Karangantu Beach.

The research study is located in Semarang with 10 samples of ground water gathered from dug wells. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis of ground water data is used to find water quality. The findings show lead concentration, cadmium concentration, and TDS in the water have surpassed the standard by the rules of Indonesian Health Ministry Year 2010. Those surpassing concentrations make water not suitable to consume because it will have impact on health, such as: inducting injuries through oxidative stress, epigenetic changes in DNA expression, central nerve, hematopoietic, incurable liver and kidney failures. Cluster analysis shows 7 locations are included into first cluster meanwhile three other locations are included into second, third, and fourth. From factorial analysis of four main factors, such as manganese, nitrate, zinc, and cadmium. Those factors are assumed to pollute because anthropogenic factors, such as: industrial, domestic, and agriculture waste causing lowering water quality.

Indonesia as a producer of tofu generated more liquid waste. Nutrients that contained in the tofu wastewater are very useful for the production of microalgae. Chlorella sp. is a microalgae that potential for food supplement, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, aqua culture and cosmetics. Chlorella sp. comonly grow in sea water. Glycerol in the cultivation medium as supplemental organic carbon sources for Microalgae. Cultivation carried out for 9 days at different percentages volume of tofu liquid waste and addition of glycerol. The result showed that increased concentration of tofu waste in microalgae cultivation media is proportional to the increase in lipid levels of Chlorella sp. Variable of 70%V has the highest concentration of lipid. The addition of glycerol in the cultivation medium enchancing lipid production. Variable of 5 g/l glycerol has the highest concentration of lipid. The higher ratio of carbon and nitrogen produces higher lipid content.

In the context of Balinese development, the following paper pursues the concept of 'landscape' as an inherent element in the creation of a harmonious living environment, by an examination of the forces that bring it about. Explanation occurs in three dimensions namely -culture and attitudes to space; the philosophy and religion of Hinduism; and the impact of capital and its political function. While the traditional Balinese courtyard house has possibly been given undue attention, the Balinese relation to the landscape has seldom been comprehensively discussed. In relation to this issue, it is germane that there is no word either for 'landscape' or 'architect' in Balinese. This raises the principle that traditional cultures blossom in the absence of modernist concepts - their environment is a direct reflection of their culture and religion. This suggests that contemporary attitudes to landscape based upon professionalised landscape practices have little to offer Balinese culture, yet potentially much to learn from the integration of landscape and culture.

Breast cancer is the second largest cancer suffered by women in Indonesia. The problem that was generally complained of breast cancer patients was the decline in the quality of life of patients Support groups are one of the more formal ways that's social support can be given and recieved. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of group support in the quality of life of breast cancer patients. This study used quasi experiment method. Sampling technique was purposive sampling with number of samples were 40. The location this research was in cancer layer homes in Bandung City. The result of Repeated Anova in intervention groups showed the p-value was 0.000 or <0.05. As for the control group, the p-value showed 0.214 or >0.05. The result of One Way Anova in posttest 1was 0.124 and for posttest 2 was 0.000 Support groups could be established in Cancer Layer Home as an effort to improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients.

This article discusses how the biggest fountain development policies in Southeast Asia can have a welfare impact on society. This research was conducted in Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia. This research is based on the assumption that the development of the city becomes more attractive and has a very close relationship with the social welfare and economic growth of a region. This study uses a case study of activities carried out in the program of District Purwakarta government of tourism in the city through the construction of fountains. To collect data, the writers do some interviews, observation and document analyses. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire have been developed for this study. Research findings indicate that the implementation of the fountain development policy has improved the welfare of the community, even though it was only a stimulus one.

About a quarter of Bandung Own-Source Revenue comes from the tax revenue. Meanwhile, the increasing number of cafe and restaurant in Bandung is not followed by the increasing amount of Own-Source Revenue from the restaurant taxes income. Thus, local government issued reward policy in order to stimulate taxpayer to orderly pay the tax. This study aims to generate an ideal policy communication strategy of Bandung local government's restaurant tax reward policy in order to stimulate restaurant taxpayer to pay tax orderly. The method used is the case study. Data collection incorporates literature study, observation, and interviews with Economic Affairs and Office for Management of Regional Revenue of Bandung. The results indicate that the ideal policy communication strategy of Bandung local government's restaurant tax reward policy including interpersonal communication by the field officers to the taxpayer and through publication on the Tax Magazine by Tax Office.

The economic growth encourages the increasing of production activity in the industrial sector. As the second largest energy user in total national energy use, the industry needs to improve its energy performance through the implementation of Energy Management System (EnMS) so that it can also reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emission which has a negative impact for the environment. Socialization and support to the industry for EnMS implementation, is carried out by the government of Indonesia in cooperation with international institutions as a step for implementing energy conservation programs in accordance with the government regulations no. 70 of 2009. The research results show that 24 industries from 28 pilot company industries, or around 86%, still implement EnMS. There are 10 industries that have obtained ISO 50001 certification so that they monitor their EnMS implementation and energy performance improvement through ISO 50001 surveillance audits which is carried out by the certification body. Industry that still implement EnMS but has not received ISO 50001 certification will monitor their EnMS implementation and energy performance improvement through internal audit activities, which is carried out by the company itself.

Pangururan-Simanindo are two districts located in Samosir regency. Pangururan is the capital of Samosir Regency and Simanindo located at the main entrance to Samosir Island. Spatial modeling for settlement suitability can be done by looking at changes over the past 15 years by analyzing driving factors that influence the development of settlements such as distance to the road, distance to Lake Border, point of inters and slope. Processing of remote sensing data and tabular data for spatial modeling of settlements in Pangururan-Simanindo is done by utilizing geographic information system application using Cellular automata method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of settlements in Pangururan-Simanindo in 2007-2018 and see spatial patterns of settlements Pangururan-Simanindo City in 2007-2018.

The herbal, tofu and fertilizer industries contribute considerable waste to the environment. The waste contains COD and organic substances which should be reduced before it is discharged to the environmental body. One of methods is by using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) degradation method. The process of AOPs in this study used a combination of UV irradiation and ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals. This study was aimed to investigate the degradation of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by using AOP techniques and to evaluate the treated waste for microalgae growth. This research consists of two steps: (1) the initial COD degradation using UV-Ozon. (2) utilization of the treated waste for microalgae cultivation by combining a mixed nutrient of waste and 10 mg/L TSP, 10 mg/L Urea, 80mg/L NaHCO3. The results showed that the COD degraded by UV/Ozone follows the first order equation by k value of 0.082/day, 0.223/day and 0.436/day for tofu, herbal and fertilizer waste respectively. The growth rate of Spirulina cultivated in waste medium was in comparable with the one cultivated in control medium.

The need for space within the city is increasing. The city itself has residual spaces that are considered non-functional. Supported by factors such as the need for space and an attachment to the space itself, residual space has the possibility to be appropriated (taken over) by the city dwellers. One of residual spaces within the city is an unused riverfront. The city of Jakarta is bypassed by the Ciliwung River. In the Dutch colonial era, there was an increase of immigrants consisting of laborers and hired workers who needed shelter, resulting in slums or river-side settlements, as the river are the only source of clean water for villages that do not have adequate facilities. The Ciliwung River was then used as a sewer, which prompted the government to erect fences on the banks of the Ciliwung River, creating residual spaces on the banks of the Ciliwung River. Although the river is viewed as residual space for other city dwellers, a section of Ciliwung is appropriated by a number of villagers in the Cikini area. By observing the appropriation activity as an alteration resulting in the transformation of a residual space, it will show the potential of the residual space itself and the emergence of functionality in the residual space

In 2013 Indonesia produced about 28 million ton/year of CPO. This large CPO production has an impact on liquid waste called as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB). About 80 million ton of POME and 32 million tons of EFB are produced per year. Open anaerobic pond (conventional treatment) is widely used to reduce COD and BOD content from POME emits uncontrolled CO2 and CH4, which are the main greenhouse gasses and harmful for the environment. POME has high content of COD (50000-100000 mg/L) and BOD (25, 000 mg/L) and this is a potential for biogas production. Due to the C/N ratio of POME (6.5) is far below optimal C/N ratio for biogas production using anaerobic digester (between 20 and 30), combining high C/N ratio (60) EFB with POME is predicted to improve the biogas production. The effluent of anaerobic digester containing rich nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphor and Kalium are potential for plant or microalgae growth. This experiment used two types of reactor, which are batchly operated in the room condition: (i) a 13L-UASB (Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor made of PVC and (ii) 1.5L tube reactors made of PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) plastic. Adding EFB into POME was proven to increase biogas production. The results indicate that the higher EFB composition the faster the biogas formation is. Based on this result, the conversion factor (volume base) of the mixture of POME and EFB into biogas is range from 13 to 47 %. The highest conversion is 47 % from ratio 7.5 of POME to 1 EFB. Based on this result it can be concluded that ratio 7.5 of POME to 1 EFB generated high volume of biogas and methane content. This research also shows significant increase in biomass production of spirulina when biogas was fed into POME medium. Total produced biomass on POME medium with biogas is double than that on POME medium without biogas. This increase could be due utilization of CO2 content in the biogas as a carbon source by Spirulina sp.

Environmental degradation is increasing the vulnerability of Bandung Regency to erosion. One of the activities that cause environmental degradation, among others, is that waste in Bandung Regency is produced by land use patterns. Changes in land use patterns can have an impact on watershed functions. Citarum watershed is the main watershed in West Java, encompassing an area of 6, 080 km2 and reaching 300 km in length, covering the city and regency of Bandung. At the top there is the Saguling Reservoir, in the middle, there is the Cirata Reservoir and below there is the Jatiluhur Reservoir. The continuity of its function depends on the condition of the Citarum watershed. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of erosion hazard that occurred in the Upper Citarum watershed, especially in Bandung Regency. The results of this study map the level of erosion hazard so that it can be used as a reference in land control and conservation efforts for local governments and river area managers. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method allows planners to predict erosion hazard levels. The influential parameters are rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope and slope length (LS), cover crop (C), and land management (P). Geographic Information System (GIS), is used to calculate and analyze each USLE parameter and perform overlay techniques. Most of the Upper Citarum watershed is still in class of erosion hazard level II with soil loss of 16-60 tons/ha/year and class of erosion hazard level III with 60-180 tons/ha/year of soil loss.

32 rock samples have been studied by means of geochemical and statistical analyses for evaluating source rocks. The geochemical analysis includes pyrolysis data. The results show that the Miocene Source rock are fair to excellent hydrocarbon potential level, with kerogen contained is included into Type II that have the capability of generating oil and limited gas. The analyzed data were treated statistically to find some factors, clusters, and relations concerning the evaluation of source rocks. These factors analysis can be classified into two factors. (1) Variables S2, TOC%, S1, and HI which determine the organic richness, hydrocarbon potentiality and the type of organic matter. (2) Variables PI, HI, and Tmax which determine the thermal maturity. In addition, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two major groups. (1) Source rocks characterized by HI <400 (mg/g), TOC from 0, 22 to 11, 53%, S1 from 0.00 to 1.05(mg/g) and S2 from 0.04 to 23.64 (mg/g) ) indicating fair to good source rocks with kerogen of type II and III capable of generating oil and gas. (2) Source rocks characterized by HI 350 - <703 (mg/g), TOC from 5.39 to 23.58%, S1 from 0.24 to 0.88 (mg/g) and S2 from 29.62 to 84.48 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II capable of generating oil and limited gas. Moreover, Pearson's correlation coefficient shows a strong positive correlation between TOC and SI, S2 and positive correlation between TOC and HI, and negative correlation between TOC and Tmax.

Banjarnegara and Cisukarame are potential areas for geothermal development. This research was conducted to obtain geothermal fluid characteristics, reservoir temperature, geo-thermometer and heat loss. Reservoir temperature is determined based on geothermometer calculations of Na-K-Ca, K-Na-Mg and Na-K. This type of manifestation like hot springs, it can be used to calculate the amount of heat loss. There are four geothermal reservoirs in the Banjarnegara area. Based on the analysis of the geothermometer value, reservoir 1 until 4 temperature is around 81°C - 374°C, the heat loss value reaches 31.6 MW. Beside it, in Cisukarame areas, the highest value of geothermometer temperature average 185°C - 212°C, the heat loss value obtained 48.3 MW. Heat loss value is used to determine the geothermal potential for build prospect power plant. Thus, a more efficient ratio of temperature and heat loss value is Cisukarame area, but both of them are potential for geothermal power plants development.

Highly dynamic indoor environments being one of the challenge in the Indoor Positioning System (IPS). Collecting the Received Signal Strength (RSS) value from every WiFi access point known fingerprint method is presented by previous researchers. They proposed with different techniques in fingerprint methods to compete similar existing technology such as GPS in term of accuracy. The drawback using fingerprint is the IPS cannot maintain the high performance constantly. In this research, we propose the Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithm for improving the fingerprint method in the IPS. Basically, the fingerprint method consists of two phases, Online and Offline phases. In the off-line, RSS values will be collected from several coordinates as known reference points and stored in the database. The online phase has different step which the current position will be compared to RSS values stored in the database. The DNN method was used to calculate the closest position estimation probability. The IPS using DNN was successfully applied using 5 layers consisting of a 1 input layer, 3 hidden layers and 1 output layer. The input and hidden layer have 28 nodes for each layers and output layer has 2 nodes. The simulation results from RSS data set has achieved 2 meters accuracy. It concluded that DNN performance depends on the number of hidden layers and the number of nodes in each hidden layer.

The smart city has a lot of dimensions. Part of dimension is the using IoT using. Home-based enterprises (HBEs) in developed countries widely use the ICT for their business. However, based on the current literature perspective it does not occur in developing countries. This study explores the application and use of internet to the HBEs in Indonesia with case studies in Semarang, Salatiga, Boyolali, Surakarta and Surabaya home industries. The study mainly used the qualitative approach, but it uses both qualitative and quantitative data. The study findings that the ICT have been a part of the HBEs. In HBEs, the internet is useful, for searching information, contact to buyers/customers and also for marketing purposes.

One problem that disrupts the stability of the river is sedimentation. The impact caused by excessive sedimentation can cause an increase in riverbed elevation (siltation) and at the same time can cause an increase in water level so that it can increase losses when flooding occurs. For the purpose of sustainable water resource management, especially for river ecosystems, it is very important to be able to estimate the total amount of sediment loads a little more accurately according to the river's carrying capacity. This study aims to evaluate the method of estimating sediment transport that is gives the best level of accuracy of existing sediment transport methods. The method is considered accurate if the percentage of compliance with the highest discrepancy ratio (r) ranges from the available data. This research methodology analyzes and compares several methods of estimating the total sediment load that are most suitable for the Cimanuk River tributary data. Sediment parameter data inventory is done by taking water samples to estimate the concentration of suspended sediment, bed load sediment samples and samples of the bed load material using the correct strander data retrieval. In addition, measurement of river hydraulic parameters is needed, including flow velocity and river water temperature. Based on the analysis, the method that works best to calculate the sediment transport values in sequence are the Van Rijn method, the Yang method, the Bagnold method, the Engelund-Hunsen method, the Karim-Kennedy method and the Toffaletti method which is close to 30% fulfilling the discrepancy ratio (r) (0.5 ≤ r ≤ 2.0).

The erosion that occurred at Batu Mejan Beach was handled by the government by building a revetment. The protection of the revetment serves to keep the coastline from regressing again. However, at present the condition of the revetment has failured, therefore this research was conducted to investigate the failure of the structure. The results of wave analysis indicate that the wave energy that occurs needs to be reduced by building submerged breakwaters, in addition to strengthening the toe protection of the revetment. There are several types of material to make submerged breakwater, in this study selected breakwater made from geotextile called geotube. Geotextile material is chosen because it is environmentally friendly besides its implementation method is relatively easy but has a relatively short construction life. The breakwater dimension plan made from this geotube is 60 m long with 7.8 m width and 40 m wide gap. The first section in your paper

Smart City is a concept of a government program to managing existing resources effectively and efficiently to improve the quality of public life in urban areas. The success of a government program cannot be separated into public understanding and impact on how the community responds to the program. This paper aims to understand the extent of public perception of Bekasi Smart City and to analyze Bekasi City government communication program through Bekasi Smart City website. Interviewing was conducted to the Head of Division of Public Information Management and content analysis was applied to bekasismartcity.com using Webqual. The public already has an awareness of the importance of implementing a smart city however, their knowledge is still very limited to all programs. The communication program runs particularly from website still unable to answer the needs of information and public communication, therefore the Bekasi City government needs to develop an effective communication strategy.

There are many previous studies on accessibility, but few studies consider accessibility comprehensively in areas where is difficult to access to the rail-based public transportation in suburban Indonesia. This paper focuses accessibility in three points; automobility, public transportation, walkability. The study reveal the inconvenience of public transportation reluctantly makes people choose other transportations such as private cars / motorcycles and informal transportation. Angkot which is used as a road-based public transportation, has relatively less merit, so that more people choose private cars / motorcycles and informal transportation. This leads to increase traffic volume, decrease road width due to illegal road occupation, and cause traffic congestion and accidents. In order to cut off these vicious circles, it is most important to develop public transportation measures. It is necessary to think how people motive to choose public transportation than other transportation.

Depok is a city that has the most lakes in West Java. Those lakes have several functions as flood controller, recreation area and fishpond. Every year, lakes in Depok City are getting constricted and minimized, it would cause the lakes to be slowly disappeared. It could happen because of human where they should have taken the role in preserve lakes, so that community participation is very important to do. The research objective was to analyze the level of community participation in the form of thought, wealth, energy, skill, and social in lake preservation in Depok City. This research uses the descriptive method with the quantity of area samples are in 3 subdistricts and human samples are 100. Data tabulation uses coefficient correlation and contribution experimental. The result of analysis shows the level of community participation in thought, property, and skill has a low relation towards lakes preservation. While community participation in power and social has a medium relation towards lakes preservation. Government's effort to increase the community role in lake preservation in Depok City such as urging people to join the community, join some planting community petition and empowering them to make a small quay and be responsible of water games' treatment in the recreation area.

Laundry services are emerging in every corner of Bali, particularly at suburban area, from cities to villages. These services help the community to ease their burden. However, the burden for the environment is increase. The wastewater from the laundries should be controlled, which should be handled natural ways. One way of reducing the dangerous chemical from the laundry wastewater can be done by Vertical-Sub-surface Flow Constructed Wetland system, using volcanic rocks as substrate of plant grow and the plant as filters. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of volcanic rock and Canna plants as a filter for the laundry wastewater. The volcanic rock as substrate for the plant grows was place in layers in a drum and the laundry wastewater was flowed. The parameter of wastewater laundry, such as TDS, BOD, COD and total phosphate were measured before and after treatment. The treatment was run for 6 weeks. The result shows that this system is effective that overall can reduce the parameter measured for 53.86%.

The interaction between freshwater and seawater usually occurs in the coastal aquifer. To simply explain this condition, describing the interface between them is conducted. This approach is a multiphase condition. Unfortunately, this condition is on immiscible condition, whereas the miscible condition should be obtained. The miscible condition of freshwater and seawater along coastal aquifer occurs on the single phase. This condition neglects the concept of the interface between them. The purpose of this research is to simulate the mixing of freshwater and seawater in the coastal aquifer by using the numerical method. Groundwater flow equation is governed involving the effect of contaminant concentration. On the other hand, the conservative groundwater contaminant transport equation is used. The discretization process uses the Finite-Difference Method. Coupling two equations will obtain the spreading of contaminant concentration along the model domain. The result shows that the freshwater-seawater interface does not appear and the change of concentration can be reviewed in every section and every point of the computational domain.

On July 29^th, 2018, The Lombok Island had a tectonic earthquake around 6.4 SR which causes landslide in Rinjani volcano. Fault plates has an impact on earthquakes that causes land movement rising 25 cm in the north of the island near the epicentre. The purpose of this research is to review the causes of dominant at Lombok Island. This research is processing satellite imagery landslide data location, lithology data, fault data, land cover data, and seismic data that has occurred. In conclusion, that the factors have been determined affect landslide. For further analysis of land movement can be use statistic bivariate method and AUC values is expected to be used as a reference basis for controlling land uses in land movement-prone area.

The building is stable if it's able to withstand the load above and slightly decreasing soil. In development planning it is necessary to the condition of the soil to avoid building construction failure so it needs to be tested first. Plasticity soil can have high expansive or shrinking properties depend on the amount of water content and the type of soil minerals contained. The level of expanding and contracting the soil will have an impact on soil subsidence. The velocity of the land subsidence is calculated using the consolidation coefficient results from the consolidation test. Consolidation is a process of slowing down the volume slowly on perfectly saturated soils with low permeability due to pore drainage. The study aims to determine the bond of the plasticity index with the consolidation coefficients of the samples obtained.so that it is known the speed of land settlement due to the burden borne by the soil. Soil samples were taken by maintaining the original properties (undisturbed sample), then tested the physical properties and mechanical properties of the consolidation test. Based on the results of the processing of index plasticity and consolidation coefficient it is found that the greater the plasticity index, the smaller the coefficient of consolidation. So that the magnitude of the plasticity index has a proportional bond to the speed of land subsidence.

The increasing trend of Internet of Things brings new challenges to efficiently manage the resource in the access network. As a prominent solution to serve IoT services, LTE incorporates a small data transmission scheme for this reason. In this scheme, the overall system performance is greatly influenced by its random access procedure. Hence, studying the behavior of backoff during random access procedure is important. This work implements an iterative contending-user estimation model to analyze the performance of the contention-based random access procedure supporting finite-population. For the sake of generality, the system is modeled as a multichannel slotted Aloha. This allows our model to be used in wider specifications, including LTE and WiMAX systems. The behavior and performance of the system supporting multiple load scenarios is studied under different network loads. The simulation result demonstrates the accuracy of our proposed method to predict the normalized throughput, the packet-dropping probability, and the average access delay of each access-class. The performance of different backoff algorithm to resolve the collision in the system is compared and evaluated.

Education is one of the aspects that support the establishment of smart city, especially in the study of architecture. The study aims to provide easiness, anticipate the unexpected incident, and to manage resources efficiently while designing a building. In the process, assisted by the software, OTTV and Sefaira are different software in the calculations. OTTV counts manually while Sefaira counts digitally. Sefaira is easier in its calculations, but its accuracy rate needs to be examined. Therefore, this research will discuss how big a difference in calculation of the manual one by OTTV and the digital one by Sefaira. The object of the research was the building of the House, so that it is easier to understand. Expected results of this research are that we can get a selection of software that is easier, more efficient, and more accurate to be used in the learning process

The unprecedented growth in population put pressure on urban land suitability. Besides that, the deterioration of infrastructure facilities, traffic jam, and disaster like flood and landslide could be happen more severe in a few years later. This study attempted to find out the projection of population growth and suitability of urban land in order to be carried out sustainably. Land use suitability assessment is a key determinant in any urban planning and decision-making process. The variables taken for the study are slope, altitude, and land cover. This study provided the information not only the existing urban land cover pattern but also the simulation of population growth and land suitability for the establishment in future.