Table of contents

PREFACE

On behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to express our deepest appreciation for your valuable contribution and participation in the 2nd International Conference on Eco Engineering Development (ICEED) 2018, which start from September 5 to 6, 2018 and held in Bina Nusantara University @Alam Sutera Campus, Tangerang, Indonesia. This event is organized by Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia.

The present conference event carries a theme of "Sustainable Engineering in Architectural Design, Construction, Industry and ICT Transportation", with the major goal to provide the knowledge enrichment, sharing experiences and research results and innovative technical exchange between International researchers/scholars and practitioners from the academia and industries in the area of ecological engineering and developments. Professors from Japan and Indonesia are invited to deliver keynote speeches regarding to the latest research findings related to Green Manufacturing and Renewable Energy which were aligned to their expertise fields and also that we believe that those are to explore any potential advantages that should be contributed for a better future.

The present ICEED conference has received more than 120 manuscripts, and all of those manuscripts were subjected to be peer-reviewed by our member of technical program committees. 100 papers have been accepted and the authors of those papers were invited to present their research findings in this conference. All of those papers refer to one of the following topics covered in ICEED 2018; Sustainable Infrastructure & Transportation, Sustainable Industry & Green Manufacturing, Integrated of Smart Computing & Communication Green Food Technology, Integrated of Smart Computing & Communication Sustainable Industry & Green Manufacturing and Sustainable Architecture

I would like to thank all authors who have contributed to the present volume, the keynote speakers, general participants, all reviewers and corporate sponsor for their committed contributions and their supports to the conference event of ICEED 2018. We also would like to thank IOP Publishing for collaborative support in publication of the conference proceedings.

Finally, I would like to thank also all of the organizing committee members for their hard work, cooperation and team work in ensuring this conference held successfully. My sincere hope that these proceedings will bring more benefits to all participants and can contribute to advancing our awareness of ecological knowledge and more importantly to remind our commitment to always consider eco engineering applications for more valuable achievements.

Tota Pirdo Kasih, Ph.D

Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia

ICEED 2018 Conference Chair

First of all, on behalf of the organizing committee of ICEED 2018, we would like to welcome all delegates and all participants to Binus Campus Alam Sutera, Tangerang Indonesia with a great pleasure. Being held in two days 5-6 September 2018, we proudly present the 2nd International Conference on Eco Engineering Development (ICEED) 2018 which organized by the Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University.

The big theme of ICEED 2018 is Sustainable Engineering in Architectural Design, Construction, Industry and ICT Transformation, and we would like to give our appreciation and thank you to the conference organizers, all of reviewers, as well as all valuable authors for their contribution for making the successful of the event of ICEED 2018. We also greatly acknowledge our publishing partner, IOP Publishing, for their collaborative support in publishing the conference proceedings. There are 100 manuscript papers have presented in the conference and hopefully become our contribution for the society as a role to bridge the harmony of the human wellbeing and the nature through the new advanced eco technology. In this event, we also spread eco-engineering concept to young generation through student competition consisting of posters and bursary essay. Managed by IISE Binus Chapter, IEEE student branch Binus, ICE student chapter Binus, topic of interest included green manufacturing system, natural & bio-energy, eco-building and sustainable structural engineering, green data centers, innovative eco-architecture, energy-efficient, food production system, IoT and smart technology.

Lastly, since the ICEED 2018 conference venue is held at our campus, we hope that you can explore our campus and experience the city of Tangerang. Visiting and shopping the local culinary at Tangerang may become your wonderful memories of your complimentary participation in ICEED 2018.

Dr. Ir. John Fredy Bobby Saragih, M.Si

Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia

ICEED 2018 General Chair

List of Executive Summary Keynote 1, Keynote 2 and Conference Photographs are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The transfer of land has an impact on the decreasing of the agricultural land area, so it is necessary to plan the right cropping pattern as an effort to increase the productivity of agricultural cultivation. Also, Climate is one of the factors influencing the determination of cropping pattern in a region. Analysis of climatic characteristics in the determination of cropping pattern not only based on oldeman climatic classification. At the same time, the study of groundwater availability for plants and climogram of climatic elements is needed in determining planting schedule which is suitable for planting and determination of irrigation water supply, either the right amount of time. This study aims to identify and build spatial of the oldeman climate classification. It also determines the cropping pattern for seasonal crops based on the calculation of water balance and climogram (rainfall and air temperature) in each type of climate oldeman district of Cirebon and surrounding areas. Data used monthly rainfall data period 1981-2010 from BMKG Jatiwangi station and air temperature data, plant coefficient and the base map of Cirebon region. The analysis method includes classification of Oldeman climate type, spatial data processing, water balance calculation by Thorntwaite & Matter method and making climogram (rainfall and temperature) with: k = p₀ + p₁/FC; p₀ = 1.000412351; p₁ = -1.073807306 and determination of planting pattern of each type of oldeman

Cracking in concrete structures is one of the most commonly structural defects that could occur. This research aims to analyse the performance of an admixture to make concrete mix to be waterproofed. In this research, a Xypex C-1000 was used. It was claimed to have the ability to improve the compressive strength of concrete structures and to reduce the permeability of concrete structures. From this research, it was found that there was a reduction in compressive strength for the concrete samples at 28 days compared to the compressive strength of the concrete aged 7 days. The reduction was significant for the concrete samples with Xypex C-1000. However, for the concrete samples aged 7 days with Xypex C-1000, it was found that there was a reduction in permeability of concrete structures, but only at certain dosage. For the concrete samples aged 28 days, the permeability of the samples were all below the allowable limit. In conclusion, based on these preliminary results, it can be seen that the Xypex C-1000 is effective in reducing the permeability of the concrete structures, but it is important further study the effect that the Xypex C-1000 has on the compressive strength of concrete structures.

The construction works of flyover is common in a developing country as well as developed country all over the world. Flyover is an infrastructure that is built to overcome the massive congestion that cannot be overcome with the use of traffic light. In the construction process of a flyover, traffic is the one main problem that always occurred. To minimize that problem, the flyover construction should be planned and managed effectively. With the development of WBS and dictionary of WBS, the project stages will be planned and managed in details that can be used to analyse work packages, defined methods, activities, and resources that will help to decrease the occurring problems. The WBS Dictionary for the construction works of flyover projects in this study is developed using archive analysis and survey methods, which consists of six (6) levels including project name, division, sub of works, work packages, activities, and resources.

Prefabricated vertical drain is a method of soil improvement in order to accelerate consolidation settlement. In line with the development of knowledge, vacuum preloading was used to replace embankment preloading to produce stress in soil. This research will compare the effectiveness of vacuum preloading against the embankment preloading through the analysis of the degree and time of consolidation. The prediction of settlement is manually calculated using 1 dimension consolidation Terzaghi's theory method, while the finite element method by PLAXIS 2D Program and ASAOKA method from settlement on the field. The horizontal coefficient of consolidation used is based on the result of back calculation using ASAOKA's chart. The ratio of coefficient consolidation (C_h/C_v) obtained for vacuum preloading is 5.9 and for embankment preloading is 2.21-4.25. The analysis show that the vacuum preloading method can cut the consolidation time up to 74% comparing the embankment preloading method.

At the Universitas Indonesia (UI) there are six cascade-pond water quality decreased from year to year. This can be seen in plain view, on the change of water color, odor, and the amount of solid waste that is in cascade-pond that comes from outside the UI. The decrease of water quality is one of the reasons caused by land use change in UI Water Catchment Area. Previous studies tested the condition of waters with biological parameters. Biological parameters were tested using macroinvertebrate as a biological indicator, with the result of Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) index proved that Kenanga cascade-pond include in heavy polluted. Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, and Ulin is moderately polluted, and Salam is lightly polluted, resulting a hypothesis that the conditions of the UI riparian affects most to the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates (Fadillah, 2017). In this study to prove the effect of riparian characteristics on macroinvertebrates using Tropical Rapid Appraisal Riparian Condition (TRARC) Version 1 for the riparian, and the Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) index for macroinvertebrates, the result proves that the value of riparian conditions affects the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates, evidenced from the results of R (0.1 - 0.7) with the correlation results (0.1 - 0.5) and the value of riparian pressure also affects the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrata, this is evidenced from the results of R (0.01 - 0.6 ) with correlation result (0,05 - 0,6)

This paper focuses on exploring decision-making methods related to alternative decision choices, and how to derive its achievement strategy formulation. Albeit we found some combination of decision-making methods in the literature, we have to prove that such combination is a relevant framework for use in the context of military perceptions. We show in this case study that a structured combination of focus group discussions, Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy TOPSIS, and SWOT is a straightforward framework to be used as a tool of decision making in the military environment.

In the construction project plan, a description of the project work that will be used as a reference for the implementation of the construction project is required. In fact, there are many construction projects, especially road projects that are not in accordance with the plan in terms of time and cost. For that, we need WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) and its dictionary as a project implementation reference in order to define project activities to the resources. The development of these documents will be discussed in this research so that the implementation of the project is expected to be in accordance with the plan. The results of this study describe the details of the road construction projects to their resources in the form of WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) dictionary.

The container yard, which facilitated the Container Terminal of the Jakarta International Container Terminal (Terminal Peti Kemas Koja), at Tanjung Priok Jakarta is located on a land which the subsurface soil is predominated by a compressible clay layer, from 5.00 to 22.00 m depth. The load from containers quite high and will stay for a long period. Without soil improvement, the estimated consolidation settlement is 1.418 m, which will take place in a very long time. Soil improvement has carried out by accelerating consolidation, by installing vertical jute fiber-drain, and loading the soil by a preload of sand to elevation of +8.50 m. To investigate the effectiveness of the installed vertical jute fiber-drain, geotechnical instruments also installed, which are settlement plate, standpipe piezometers, pneumatic piezometers, magnetic extensometers, and inclinometers. Vertical jute fiber-drain is a Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) made of natural jute fiber and coconut coir designed to accelerate consolidation of soft clayey soil. It has high tensile strength to withstand installation stresses and excellent water discharge capacity. The cross section of natural fiber PVD measures 80-120 mm in width and 8–12 mm in thickness and have a tensile strength of above 7 kN. The present drain differs from the others drain is that its manufactured in existing jute mills machinery, the manufacturing process entails low energy consumption, and has capability of varying the width, thickness and weight per linear meter to suit different soft clayey soil conditions. An important feature of the jute burlap is its swelling nature that allows it to function as filter without clogging and it's biodegradable, hence environmentally friendly.

Cable is the most important element of cable-stayed bridge because it sustains most of the loads that work on the bridge deck and transfer the load to the pylon. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of temperature on stayed cable of the bridge, to analyze the contribution of pylon and girder stiffness to the cable tension forces variation due to temperature effect. The result of the analysis using Finite Element Method then compared with the available field measurement data. To validate the finite element model, the dynamic finite element model of the bridge will be compared with the dynamic properties of the bridge from dynamic testing of actual bridge. It was found from the finite element model that he effects of temperature on the cable force is linear and the girder and pylon stiffness has significant contribution to the variation of cable tension force due to temperature change. The different between field measurement and finite element model has been found due to assumption on the temperature behavior of bridge deck, pylon and cable

Construction project failure can be caused by several factors associated with the quality of the project. The lack of quality standards of the construction method and the incompliance of quality of work in general according to the technical specification of each construction work are some of the factors associated with construction project failure. Risk is the unexpected result that might happen. Risk in a project can influence the productivity, performance, quality and the cost of a project. Even though a project has been planned smoothly, it still has the uncertainty that the project will go as planned. The goal of the research is to categorise risk factors affecting the quality of construction projects. Risk factors will be categorised using the SNI category method. The object of the research will be high rise office building projects located in the DKI Jakarta Province. Questionnaires will be distributed to 20 high rise office building projects and the analysed quantitatively. Based on the result of the categorization, 3 risk factors were categorised as high risks.

Government of DKI Jakarta build road infrastructure such as fly over and/or underpass to reduce congestion and delay at the main junctions. One of that is underpass construction at Metro Pondok Indah Road. The impact of this project during construction is make the road narrowing (bottleneck) and cause longer travel time of vehicle and decreased average speed. This research tries to simulate this situation using Vissim as a modeling traffic tool and then compared with actual conditions. Some calibrations of driving behavior parameters have been done using GEH formula to adjust the parameter to the acceptance level at value less than 5.0, so it can conclude that simulation using Vissim can represent actual condition during traffic congestion and normal condition especially in Jakarta traffic. These adjusted parameters may represent the actual traffic condition in Jakarta.

The groundwater quality is equally important as that of quantity. GIS is a powerful tool for representation and analysis of spatial information related to water resources. To attempt this goal, samples were analyzed for various physico-chemical and bacterial parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), nitrate, Fe, E. coli, etc have been estimated for all the sampling locations. The spatial variation maps of these groundwater quality parameters were derived and integrated through GIS. An interpolation technique inverse distance weighting was used to obtain the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters. The final map classified the groundwater quality in the study area. The results of this research show that groundwater contamination are occurred and the development of the management strategies for the aquifer system is vitally necessary.

Water availability is an important aspect for sustainable regional development. Yogyakarta has problems in water availability. The demand for water in Yogyakarta Province is gradually increasing with higher consumption for human consumption, industry, and agriculture and livestock production. Also, more inhabitants and farmers are utilizing groundwater for domestic purpose and irrigation due to long drought, respectively. This problem will be increasing as higher population leads to higher water consumption and food production. Therefore, this study aim to understand the current situation and long-term projections of water sources, and demands in 2017-2030 by using water balance concept. After that, the assessment of alternative scenarios to overcome water availability problem was performed using managed aquifer recharge concept and efficient irrigation.

The result shows that within the period 2017-2030, water storage is negative in 3 (three) regencies. This means that water deficit had occurred in these regencies where water demand rate is higher than recharge rate of groundwater. Also, it might shows that most of storm water goes to surface runoff and/or most of groundwater abstraction for water demand becomes waste water production. According to the Scenario-1, recharging the aquifer with storm water, converting 45% of surface runoff to groundwater can reduce water deficit in only 2 regencies. Scenario-2 shows that converting 65%, can overcome all 3 regencies from water deficit. Combining aquifer recharge by storm water and effective irrigation can solve water deficit problem in all regencies by only converting 40% of surface runoff to groundwater. The study shows that both approaches of managed aquifer recharge and effective irrigation are applicable in Yogyakarta. In small scale, these applications can be low cost, but at larger scale, can require higher investment cost. Therefore a site-specific knowledge on the project field is very important. Large scale application will need more stakeholders and regulators involvement, and also social awareness and acceptance.

Number of vehicles especially motorcycle in Jakarta are increasing more than 9% per year. This condition can turn the traffic into motorcycle-dominated flow on several roads where the proportion of motorcycle is significantly higher than other vehicle. The purpose of this research is to analyze and determine the value of motorcycle unit (MCU) with effective space approach rather than using passenger car unit (PCU). This research tried to relate between vehicle speed and vehicle effective space, for each type of vehicle. This research was conducted on Jalan Raya Lenteng Agung Barat and Teuku Nyak Arief Street, South Jakarta, for four days from 07.00 am to 11.00 pm. The results of this study indicate that there is a very strong relationship between speed and effective space with the value of R² more than 0.9. MCU values for motorcycles is 1.0, for light vehicles is 2.04, and heavy vehicles is 2.64.

Finding affordable alternatives material to replace the initial design of the architecture work of a commercial high rise building project without reducing the value of the material itself. Then analysing the cost saved from applying the value engineering in the architecture work of a high rise building. Calculation through the value engineering process was conducted. A commercial high rise building in Bali was chosen as a case study to implement the value engineering process in the design stage. The value engineering stages included calculating the cost/worth function, analysing through Function Analysis System Technique (FAST), innovation and creativity stage, evaluation of the life cycle cost, decision analysis and last the decision making. The research found that by applying value engineering through several items of work in a commercial high rise building it could save up to up to 8% of the total cost of the architecture work. The architecture work that was analysed through value engineering were the wall work, the door work, the floor work and the sanitary work. These were found to be the most effecting result from the Pareto calculation. The application of value engineering is this research was only done in one commercial high rise building in Bali. The work analysed was also only the architecture work. Therefore other types of construction project might result in different value of cost saving. This research identifies the cost saved through the application of value engineering in a commercial high rise building in Bali, which emphasizes on high quality materials in the architecture work. This research will contribute to the study literature of value engineering with a case study of commercial high rise building.

Coastal zones management of a tsunami-prone area should be implemented with an effective and eco-friendly layout of near-shoreline structures. Eco-friendly layout term in this study means the layout produced a minimal bed scouring at the bottom of the structures. In this research, we studied the hydrodynamic flow caused by tsunami wave's propagation on the bearing walls in coastal area. This flow which occur in 2 (two) bearing wall layout variations were analysed using the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling program. The data and condition of the simulation are utilizing the bathymetric and topographic data of coastal area in the south of Yogyakarta, Java Island Indonesia. The simulation result shows that wave propagation reduction of square bearing wall 45° and 0° layout are 52,99% and 59%, respectively. The square bearing wall 0° is not recommended to be applied due to its highest tsunami wave impact force on the wall structure. The square bearing wall of 0° has a higher shear force and lateral force. This forces can caused an unstable structure wall. The wave impact forces on wall structure area and layout is important parameter for changing the scouring parameter influenced.

The problems will arrise for concrete stucture submerged under water. The performance concrete will decrease in that concrete such as less compressive strength and permeability. It is needed additive material has a water resistance in concrete mixture. In this research, it proposed crystalline as an additive material. The composition crystalline in concrete mixture is 0.8% from the weight of cement. The concrete mix design as follow SNI 03-2834-2000 standard. The method of concrete mixing used manual tool and concrete mixer. The mixer speed is set in this research are 25, 35, and 50 rotation perminutes (rpm). The delayed of addition crystalline in concrete mixture also done to know the effect of compressive strength concrete. The compressive strength is attained by using manual method and concrete mixer for 25 rpm, it is increased about 5.8% from the control concrete. However, the compressive strength is decreased for the speed of concrete mixer in 35 rpm and 50 rpm. The other additional material such as fly ash poured in concrete with crystalline 0.8%, but it doesn't improve the compressive strength of concrete. The delayed crystalline poured in fresh concrete doesn't affect the compressive strength of concrete.

The urban drainage model requires spatial data and catchment discretization because of the complexity of system. Using integration of Geometric Information System (GIS) technology and urban storm water models, the performance of urban drainage system can be analysed.[1] Especially in coastal area, the main problem of urban drainage is overloaded capacity because of rapid urbanization and coastal floods caused by storm surges and wave action superimposed on high water levels generated during the cycle of tides. Land use change, watershed area as settlements area, clogged drainage pipe/channel, the changing of imperviousness of land cover also contributes to large volume of surface runoff. Moreover, the developments can change land cover in urban area and increasing rainfall runoff. One of the solutions for coastal urban drainage is by using polder system for flood control. The purpose of this paper is to illustrated how GIS can model the catchment discretization and MIKE URBAN-SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) can analyse water balance based on the rainfall return period of 25, 50 and 100 years. The research shows evaluation result of the polder performance including inundation depth and pump performance by linking GIS between storm water models. The case study is analysing the Pluit polder in Jakarta-Indonesia, which is connected to the Indonesia Central Bank compartment. Based on the model, this polder system can reduce flooding in Indonesia Central Bank Compartment up to 50%, however the inundation is still occurred.

Multitude numbers of bridges and barrages are being constructed across innumerable rivers in Indonesia to serve different purposes for the benefit of people. However, some of these bridges are failed due to channel bed degradation and scouring. Bridge scour is one of the main causes of bridge failure. To prevent this condition, it is very crucial to thoroughly understanding the river behavior changes at the upstream and downstream area of bridge and barrage constructions. After that, the proper operation and preventive maintenance of bridges and barrages can be formulated. In this study, we identified the indicator parameters that are associated with hydraulic channel and potentially scour the bridge. The objective of this study is to develop a scouring assessment based on the river flow regime. In the assessment, the structures is the indicators status and the performance of the bridge component which will be measured in order to assess the bridge failures performance, and recommendations are proposed to obtain the results by using visual inspection method. The assessment models is an evaluation of the river regime condition using inspection and other direct measures to determine the effect of river condition related with deterioration. The study result shows that the main component to assess the performance of bridge are hydraulic channel, riverbank, and floodplain. The assessment is conducted at the upstream and downstream area of the bridge.

Numerous efforts have been reasonably done to eliminate the road traffic congestion, however it occurs every working day, particularly in metropolitan. This study positively proposed a model which is not only able to show the effect of road traffic congestion ecologically, but also can recommend the strategy for road traffic engineering with methodically elaborating the environmental attributes as a dominant aspects considered. It is called as ecological decision support model (eco-DSM). To construct the model, two main methods were operated and combined: fuzzy logic and water flow algorithm (WFA). The method fuzzy logic exploited to exterminate the bias facet on parameters, and the WFA utilised to model the road traffic congestion and vehicle flow and to optimize its velocity based on emission calculation. The constructed model itself was designed thru the method object oriented, and the empirical road traffic congestion data of the Juanda Street in Tangerang Selatan city were functioned. Finally, the model showed the simulation result for suggesting the best decision alternative for road traffic engineering.

Indonesia has been extensively expanding its road networks to support the economic and the population growth. It is very important to ensure that the road networks perform well and last to their designed life. However, it is very common to find roads with asphaltic surfaces with some pavement failures not long after the construction finished. The most commonly pavement failures found are potholes and stripping, which are related to water intrusion to the hot mix asphalt. Indonesia is a tropical country and its soil has a high groundwater level in general. Therefore, it is very important to study the effect of moisture in asphaltic surfaces. This research aims to provide a preliminary analysis on the moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt. It was found that there were a few of Marshall test results that did not satisfy the requirements, which could be caused by human variation and the angularity of aggregates. The Cantabro Loss test results show that the HMA specimens lost around 11% and 15% of material after being exposed to water and abraded. From the research results, it was found that there is a strong relationship between the flow and the Cantabro Loss of the prepared HMA specimens.

Cable is a tensile element on cable stayed bridges that works to support the load on the bridge deck due to the traffic load. In the design, it has been calculated the maximum load that can be received by each cable based on dead load, live load or environmental load. When the bridge operates, it is necessary to monitor the behavior of the bridge structure due to the work load based on the time function. It is very important for the bridge management to examine the cable forces that occur in real time, so that it can be immediately known if there is a cable force exceeding the maximum limit. One of the sensor tools that can be used to determine the frequency of the cable is accelerometer. The frequency data from accelerometer are calculated into the approach of formulas developed by Wei-Hua Hu, 2005. In this study, calculation cable forces consider the effect of sag cable or bending stiffness using Wei-Hua Hu formula. As a control data in cable force calculations, it used measurement data conducted by consultants. From the results for cable C7 located on left side of bridge needs to be re-tested. This happens because the value of the resulting cable force does not show similarity with the right-side (cable C7 located on right side). The cable C7 in left side of bridge has a frequency value of 1.24 and generate cable forces tends to decrease, where it should be increase for cables forces values. For other cable forces, the value of the cable force obtains a range difference between 0.28% - 9.23%. Longer cable such as cable M7, the cable force formula is less influenced by bending stiffness effects in calculation. In other words, the stiffness of the cable is small or does not affect the cable force. As for shorter cables in cables C2 and M2, the bending stiffness of the cables affects the calculation of the cable force.

The objective of this research was to obtain the physical and chemical characteristics of the recycled waste material such as bricks, roof tiles, and ceramics waste. Chemical composition checked with XRF method. The physical characteristics were obtained by burning the recycled materials at 1000°C with ladle burner machine. SNI 03-2834-2000 was used as guideline in concrete making process. It could be seen that on the recycled materials had silica as their highest chemical composition. The specific gravity of recycled materials increased after the burning process while water absorption decreased after the burning process. Thermal treatment improved the quality of recycled alternative aggregates. Crystallization process started at 1000°C, resulted the decreasing value of material porosity and hardness. The decreasing value of concrete compressive strength was less than 8 % at the 25 % substitution of both ceramics and roof tiles. It showed that the recycled materials could be used as structural concrete based on SNI (Indonesian National Standard)

Location becomes one of the principal factors in developing higher education facilities. There is a primary difference between the location characteristic of the university campus and urban campus. The university campus usually locates in the suburbs with public facilities integrated into the campus. Meanwhile, urban campus is in the city or urban area where the public life of the academic community will dispense in public facilities scattered around the campus. Understanding the spatial characteristics of existing urban campuses are expected to provide insight about essential points to consider in determining the appropriate location. This study aims to explore the spatial characteristics of an urban campus in Indonesia with other public facilities. The result of this study is information about the neighborhood relationship between urban campus with other public facilities. The Geographic Information System Approach is implemented to store, manage, and visualize spatial data collected, using QGIS Desktop software. PostgreSQL and PostGIS are used for spatial data analysis to get neighborhoods characteristic around the campus.

Activated carbons are frequently utilized for waste water treatment especially in dye removal in textile industries. With high level of carbon content, various organic materials have been chosen as based materials for activated carbon. In this study, activated carbon from pinang frond (PFAC) was created by using a physical activation and optimized the operating parameters such as activation temperature (°C), activation time (hour) and, CO₂ flow rate (mL/min). Experimental design (DoE) for PFAC preparation was developed and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). It was found that the optimum PFAC preparation conditions was at the activation temperature of 867°C, activation time of 6.0 hour and CO₂ flow rate of 476 mL/min. By verification with experimental values, the predicted values from the model was only less than 2% of errors for RBBR removal onto PFAC. This can be pointed out that the model is sufficient and suitable to predict the operating parameters fixed responses.

PT. PMS, a company which has specialization in offshore and onshore services has many equipments to support their service operation. The equipment has been classified into four divisions, Diving, ROV, Cleaning and Painting. The problems observed in PT. PMS warehouse were their disorganized warehouse system which has no fixed layout design. For the purpose of improvement, a new warehouse layout design was proposed in this study to solve the problem. The method of modified Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) has been used to design an efficient warehouse layout. Step by step layout procedure has been done. It consists of Activity Relationship Chart and Activity Relationship Diagram that have been discussed. It is proved from this study that SLP method provides an effective method in layout designing, even in the service company that has many equipments to be stored in an efficient manner.

Nowadays plastic bottle recycling is one of promising businesses in Indonesia. The plastic bottle recycling business involves supply chains of recycled material, which include participants such as consumers, waste banks, scavengers, small and large scale waste collectors, as well as recycling plants. Recycling plants can produce new products such as dacron material, strapping band and geotextile. Currently, only plastic bottle wastes made from HDPE and PET are recycled (included in circular economy). Meanwhile plastic labels, mostly made from PVC film, are burned or dumped, since they are not economically feasible to be recycled. One initiative to reduce plastic label wastes is conducted at a recycling plant of PT LJF. This recycling plant produce polyester synthetic fiber (PSF). The factory use plastic wastes that can not be recycled as a fuel mixture for its incinerator and oil heater, so that it can reduce the use of coal. Currently the factory use 499.82 kg of coal and 351 kg of plastic waste on average per day. The incineration process conducted in LJF recycling plant should be developed further to reach optimal condition, so that the factory can get more heat energy from utilizing plastic waste as well as reducing coal usage

In recent time, commercial businesses meet the challenges of environmental problems from supply chain operations such as increased resource scarcity, consumer awareness, environmental laws and visibility of environmental impacts. Hence, there is increasing attention and research, among academics and practitioners in the environmental management of supply chain through Green Supply Chain Management, GSCM. Nevertheless, research on GSCM in Indonesia's industries is limited. In this study, 63 data sets that can be used are collected from various companies around Jakarta Indonesia where 32 companies have adopted Green Supply Chain, and 31 others have not yet. Questionnaires refined with the partial least square-structural equation PLS SEM modelling, resulted significant positive relationship between motivational factors and internal factors (green design, green procurement and green production); internal factors with Green Supply Chain Impact GSCI and external factor (recycle packaging) with GSCI, but the study found that motivational factor has no effect on external factor. For companies that have not implemented GSC, motivational factor has an effect on GSC implementation. Therefore, this research has relevance to all companies that want to improve the process of Green Supply Chain through driving factor, and internal factor so enhanced company performance efficiency.

The risk concept in the realm of natural disasters in several countries such as earthquakes, fires, floods and volcanoes shows the difference between the perspectives of the population on the risks and the principles of the normative decision theory. This study aims to determine the conception and behaviour of the population on the risk of Mount Merapi as a study to manage a sustainable disaster management system. This research uses an exploratory retrospective view approach, utilizes survey and questionnaire as its research instruments. The questionnaire consisted of four categories based on the literature study, which include the respondent profile, risk definition, risk perception, and risk action. The sampling technique used is a multi-stage stratified convenience sampling (n = 300, response rate = 91%). Its stratification is the disaster-prone areas (DPA) and the population gender. The results showed that most respondents perceived risk as a consequence, in contrast to the normative theory. Respondents in DPA III have a tendency of risk attitude as risk moderate, while respondents in DPA II have a risk-averse tendency. In relation to the respondent behaviour during eruption, it was found that DPA and gender differences showed different respondents' response in facing Mount Merapi eruption disaster in terms of the evacuation time, the action when hearing the warning sign, the evacuation route being followed, and the willingness to help others.

This paper presents the failure model for bioactive degradable composite due to degradation in saline solution using static structural. The composite material is chosen as the material for analysis. Composite has specified into polylactide acid (PLA) that have pointed to two different kinds of temperatures of 140° C and 150° C. Then, each one of the materials given different percentage UTS where it is divided into three classes with 2 %, 50%, and 75%. Each class is imposed six forces 500N, 600N, 700N, 800N, 900N, and 1000N. The objective is to determine the durability of the materials and how long it can be used. Furthermore, the purpose of this project is to analyses the factor of safety of using Static Structural. Therefore, all data and information related to this project have been sought and recorded in the literature review. Simulation and analysis applied in this project are using ANSYS software. SolidWorks software is used as a CAD software to construct three-dimensional models for the design of the specimen. Static Structural used to simulate the structure of the material changes when a load is applied. Static Structural analysis has been carried out on both types of material and results are calculated based on three parameters such as the life cycles, damage, the factor of safety and buckling. Another goal of this project is to design a model for composite failure analysis. Referring to the results obtained from the analysis, the best composite materials selected to make some comparisons with regard to the material safety factor.

Climate change and pollution are reported more and more severe from year to year. All stakeholders need to prevent and control the environment not to be worse by design, produce and consume green products. Although the government and the companies already put their efforts to produce green products, the consumption behaviour needs to be changed to be greener. It is important to educate and raise awareness about climate change and green product consumption behaviour among youngster, especially undergraduate students because they are the ones who will determine the future of the earth. This study investigated green products consumption behaviour among Industrial Engineering undergraduate students who got courses related to the environment and green products based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The survey is conducted to assess students' environmental knowledge, environmental ethics, environmental social responsibility, environmental self-responsibility, buying intention and consumption behaviour towards green products. The SEM-PLS technique is used to analyse the data and measure the direct effects between constructs. The survey is conducted from April to June 2018 using an online survey and was resulting 181 valid responses consisted of 55.80% male students and 44.20% female students with age range between 18 - 23 years old. The results revealed that there are significant positive influences between the environmental knowledge and behaviour dependent factors (environmental ethics, environmental social responsibility, and environmental self-responsibility). These factors have significant positive influences on buying intention and finally, the buying intention has a significant positive influence on consumption behaviour. The study concludes that the increase in environmental knowledge will bring to consumption behaviour towards green products. The findings of this study could contribute to the adaptation of behaviour change framework towards green products consumption, especially among youngster.

The mode of air transport (aircraft) in Indonesia is divided into two kind namely commercial aircraft and pioneer aircraft. Both aircraft are used to carry passengers, but the difference is in the routes that they have. In 2017, PT Dirgantara Indonesia made its inaugural flight of its new product namely Aircraft N219. This aircraft is designed for 19 seats. From various commercial and pioneer routes, the aircraft tries to fix commercial routes. This study attempts to analyze the need for N219 aircraft in non-pioneer routes in Indonesian territories. This analysis of N219 requirement will be divided into several regions such as Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara and Papua. This division is made because maximum flight distance of N219 aircraft that is no more than 1500 km. The requirement of N219 in Indonesia serve non pioneer route of 23 units. Java requires 4 units, Papua requires 14 units, Sumatra requires 2 units, Kalimantan requires 1 unit, and NTB and NTT area need 2 units.

The cost and efficiency of experiment and test are still a major issue in manufacturing especially in welding. In this study, a machine learning technique i.e. support vector machine (SVM) was applied to develop a load level prediction system of friction stir spot welded joint aluminium alloy AA5052-H112. This load level prediction system model was proposed based on three levels of load group of the welded joint. Experimental works in friction stir spot welding was conducted on samples specimens of AA5052-H112 2mm thick overlap joint based on 27 combinations of governed parameters i.e. spindle speed, tool depth, and dwell time. Mechanical testing of tensile shear load was then carried out to those specimens to obtain 27 loads data to form the SVM classifier. These data were required for pattern classification and model development via training and testing the proposed prediction system. The result obtained via training and testing showed the classification of load data produced by the proposed system, matched to the required load level with the 100%. This study proved that the proposed load level prediction system offered a useful tool to predict the load level of friction stir welded joint aluminium alloy AA5052-H112 by using respected parameters without required experiments and tests.

Competition in retail business continues to occur as it continues to develop. Multiple things have to be considered in creating a competitive business, and one of them includes human resource management. The level of satisfaction of human resources used must be considered for it to be reciprocal to the company. For employees, one of their work satisfaction points is ease of work access. Residence location of mid to low-level employee is an important consideration especially in a retail business with outlets spread in many locations and employee salaries that tend to be low. This study took place in an international hardware retail company and aims to review the process of employee management, in particular, the process of recruitment and employee rotation based on geographical perspective. Various public transportation that supports access to work sites is assessed using a geographic information system approach.

The main objectives of this study are to find out how the tourist travel can minimize emission of CO2 by choosing the right and the shortest route to the zone or area where he or she will be the tour. The shortest route is found by investigating a selection of routes from the starting point to the terminal point. In this study, dynamic programming is used in solving the problem of a tourist travelling from eleven district in Central Java Province (Banyumas, Brebes, Cilacap, Kebumen, Pati, Pekalongan, Pemalang, Semarang, Tegal, Yogyakarta, and Surakarta) to Borobudur Temple, so as to find the optimal distance for the tourist's trip which in turn, can minimize CO2 emission from transportation activity. To find out which roads can be travelled and how far it takes to travel which is adjusted to road conditions, this study collected data from Google Map, Central Java, and Yogyakarta Map. The result of data processing with dynamic programming indicated several shortest route from eleven districts in Central Java Province to Borobudur Temple., i.e. Banyumas - Banjarnegara – Magelang (the location of Borobudur Temple) (150.5 km), Brebes - Tegal - Pekalongan - Batang - Temanggung – Magelang (268.5 km), etc.

The objective of the present work is to optimize the process parameters of Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) of dissimilar steel sheets with unequal thickness used in automotive industry through evaluationof the responses in order to get the better mechanical properties. Various combination of applied current, weld time and electrode force as the selected parameters whichhave three levels each, have been investigated to obtain the optimal condition of a welding process. In this work all experiments were carried out based on Taguchi experimental design of L9 orthogonal array. The values of spot weld tensile strength were decided as the response character to be optimized. Signal to noise ratio analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also conducted to determine the main significant effect of those parameters and the contribution percentage of each parameter. It has been found that the current welding time plays the most important/significant factor in welding process to control the spot weld performance. The experimental results confirm the validity of robust design by Taguchi method for parameter optimization and possible increasing of efficiency in resistance spot welding processes.

This paper presents the design analysis of distributed control system room with curved monitor. The objective of this research is to seek the possibility of replacement current monitor using eye ergonomic and human factor analysis. The research are backed up with three theories of Fitts's Law, Horopter Theory, and Westheimer's Saccadic Eye Movement Model. Fitts Law used to illustrate the general powers and faults of humans and machines. Horopter used to match another distinctive of our visual ergonomic: the placement of surfaces of monitors. Saccadic eye movements used to describe the express movements of eyes with monitor shape. The survey was conducted to operators seeking possibility to use curved monitor to replace the flat monitor. The researcher used simulator for Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) and its training movies and asking the participant doing the experiment then filling up questionnaires. Participants will be selected from the panel DCS operator doing their job in oil, gas and petrochemical manufacturing plants. The questionnaires are analysed by Rasch Model Analysis, to seek the benefit of curved monitor than flat monitor. Rasch analysis to find internal test reliability and conclusion out the each item analysis on visual ergonomic and human factor interaction.

Well managed visitor destination is an important key to pursuing sustainability in tourism. There are several issues to achieve the goals, and one of the important things is sanitation. It is vital to equip the maintenance facility team with a tool to help their duty well. In this research, a waste grabber in Mangrove Eco-park is designed for that purpose. The problem was found is the distance from visitor's bridge to the ground that makes cleaning staff difficult to reach and pick the garbage. To collect the discarded item, they need to step down the bridge which takes more than 3 minutes and it is not convenient because of the wet swamp. This research uses 4-phase product design which 3 alternative concepts are designed in the form of picking up tools and 2 prototypes that had gone through the evaluation phase until later become a finished product. It has features to hold 250 cm picker in steady position by placing it on the fence of the bridge. Due to its length, storing and carrying the device becomes another issue. These problems can be solved by creating a folding mechanism. Evaluation is conducted by the janitor after they test the product and fill out the questionnaire. From the questionnaire, the performance value of the tools is measured in function, with the value of the grabber tools performance rating is 4.3 which is high because of having good waste capture and easy to use.

The essence of Industrial Engineering science is to contribute in transforming the way of thinking and working of business systems and economies. Industrial Engineering study program at Universitas Pelita Harapan has been trying to complement the gap between theoretical teaching and real practice. The ways to educate students so they are more receptive to the principle of recycling is through theoretical teaching in class, research and real practice. Students and lecturers are also invited to a real practice in realizing their involvement in community recycling and social programs through two programs of continuous study, namely Kaizen Environmental Recycling Class Project (2016-2017) and UPH Cintai Bumi program (2018). It is found that 10 lecturers and 148 students involved in the first program, the amount of waste collected in the recycling is 1,075.1 kg and 528 people reached through the external publicity coverage on Facebook with three publications. From the second program, it is found there are 41 types of electronic waste or 307 pieces were collected, and with 7 external publications on Peduli Sampah Cintai Bumi Facebook, it can reach 765 people. Furthermore, the project that was previously embedded in the production system class as an obligation for all IE student, now become a voluntary and independent project organized by student association (HMTI). This means, there is a change in the behavior of students, who previously participated in the recycle program mainly because of the obligation, now they do it voluntarily and independently.

This paper conveys the theoretical perspectives of sustainable industrial systems of On board Unit (OBU) in Electronic Toll and its transportation industry. It proposes kernel density analysis of artificial intelligence approach to industry 4.0. Regulation for technology developments in artificial intelligence and robotics are deemed as one of beneficial yet structurally neglected domain. This domain refers to human perspective on augmenting automation. This regulation was emphasized in 2017 by the European Parliament report level. The mentioned regulation comprises attention in Indonesia transportation industry indicating positive innovation domains in term of safeguards and regulations are needed. Prior, current and posterior trends of the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, and Physical Internet constitutes the results of the data development and understanding. Therefore, the topical framework of automation and robotics are triggered by these developments. The mention triggers has impacted the most important wide range implementation of industries in the future. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system is 40% higher in cost efficiency than Manual Toll Collection (MTC) system. In this situation, Indonesian government has already issued full swing policy implementation on non-contact freeway toll collection system by the end of 2018. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is capitalized to proceed to data processing. Result of this research shown the driver's characteristics that significantly affect willingness to pay an on-board unit are education expenses, distance and frequency. The average value of driver willing to pay an on-board unit was 225.781 IDR and factors that affecting values of the willingness to pay an on-board unit are expenses and distance.

Nowadays plastic bottle recycling is one of promising businesses. The plastic bottle recycling business involves supply chains of recycled material, which include participants such as consumers, waste banks, scavengers, small and large scale waste collectors, as well as recycling plants. Recycling plants can produce new products such as dacron material, strapping band and geotextile. Currently, only plastic bottle wastes made from HDPE and PET are recycled (included in circular economy). Meanwhile plastic labels, mostly made from PVC film, are burned or dumped, since they are not economically feasible to be recycled. One initiative to reduce plastic label wastes is conducted at a recycling plant of PT LJF. This recycling plant produce polyester synthetic fiber (PSF). The factory use plastic wastes that can not be recycled as a fuel mixture for its incinerator and oil heater, so that it can reduce the use of coal. Currently the factory use 499.82 kg of coal and 351 kg of plastic waste on average per day. The incineration process conducted in LJF recycling plant should be developed further to reach optimal condition, so that the factory can get more heat energy from utilizing plastic waste as well as reducing coal usage.

This paper presents the design and analysis of welding fixtures based on transient thermal analysis. Welding fixtures is designed to hold and support the workpiece securely during the welding process. The heat transformation from the workpiece could lead the temperature rises and impacts to the welding fixtures. Therefore, the study introduces the development of welding fixtures as one of a safety measure prevents the welder from injury while handling welding process. The conceptual design of welding fixtures and material were applied to conduct the simulation. Transient thermal analysis was performed on temperature and total heat flux by using computer aided engineering software. The result shows the analysis of equivalent stress, total deformation, factors of safety, fatigue life and fatigue damage. Furthermore, the equivalent stress failure theory used to predict yielding in welding fixture design. The design of welding fixtures and material selection were proposed to hold and support the workpiece securely.

Technological advances sometimes bring negative effects, for example, there are emissions of gas and waste as a result of manufacturing activities. The research was carried out at the bread manufacturing with the intent calculate Life Cycle Inventory and Impact Assessment using life cycle analysis framework in ISO 14040. The stages of this research are from a preliminary study which contains goal definition and scope, followed by literature study, field survey and interview for data acquisition - inventory definition. The final stage is the analysis and conclusion that contains the impact analysis and interpretation of the impact. The impact measured up to the final process of bread making is the packaging stage using the 2002+ impact method. The results are there is the potential human health of 9.39E-05 DALY, ecosystem quality 42 PDF*m2*yr, climate change 118 kg CO2 eq and resources 247 MJ Primary. The comparison of baking, injection, and packaging process, it is found that there was a slight increase in damage category of human health and climate change, while no change in ecosystem quality. It is found in the study that the most dominant factor that contributes to environmental impact is the use of electricity.

These days, the business world experienced a very tight competition, so that the products and services offered in the market became more and more diverse. Good service quality is not enough for the company to survive in the face of increasingly fierce business competition. This study uses a Service Blueprint that is integrated with the House of Risk (HOR) with the aim of identifying service failures that can occur and then prioritizing the service quality improvements to give guidance for the service provider to improve service. To show how the model works, a cafe is used as a demonstration of this integrated model. Steps in this research used Service Blueprint to identify fail points and excessive wait. The result was used as an input in HOR 1 to determine the priority of risk which was then resumed in HOR 2 so that strategy priority was obtained. The results of the case studies show that the model could identify 20 risk events, identifies 20 risk agents, could assign 10 risk priorities agents and could give 4 main priority strategies for service quality improvement.

This paper offerings the technical-economic investigation to evaluate feasibility of solar cathodic protection in Qatar region. The solar cathodic protection is single of the demands of solar energy which is very important to protect oil and gas pipelines from corrosion and also to connect the remote stations to main control room through SCADA and donates to dipping greenhouse gas (GHG) discharges and redeemable energy. The purpose of this study to conduct an assessment of technical-economic feasibility of solar cathodic protection in Qatar, and the opportunity of dipping GHG emissions. Solar cathodic shield connections examination was done by RETScreen software. The result shows the opportunity of substantial energy reserves with solar energy connection in CP. Station Mile 38 (Total yearly provided energy (MWh) = 8) and a significant decrease in GHG (Total yearly net decrease of GHG = 7.7 tCO2, which matches to 17.8 barrels of not expended crude oil).

Compressive sensing (CS) as a new signal acquisition protocol has been applied widely in numerous application areas such as medical imaging, cryptography, biometrics, communications, wireless sensor networks and internet of things. One problem of CS systems is how to design a suitable sensing matrix to improve the signal reconstruction accuracy with the same number of measurements. The recent method to optimize the sensing matrix is by minimizing the mutual coherence of the equivalent dictionary and the amplified sparse representation error (SRE). This paper proposes a new method of sensing matrix optimization by introducing the relative amplified SRE parameter and incorporate it into the optimization problem. The experimental results with test patches and natural images show that the CS system by using the proposed optimized sensing matrix can decrease the mutual coherence and the amplified SRE. The PSNR of reconstructed test patches and natural images for 25% compression ratio are 27.06 dB and 28.32 dB respectively. The results also demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the previous ones in terms of image reconstruction accuracy.

Food processing Technologies play important roles in supporting Making Indonesia (MI) 4.0. The effectiveness in food processing becomes emerging in the food industry. The automatic fruit classification system is becoming important for use in many food processing industries. A novel approach for classifying, using support vector machines (SVM) is presented in this paper. Fruit classification based on their shape is proposed in this work. The system differentiates the fruit based on their shape. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is extracted and later used as input to the SVM-based identifier. The fruit parameters are compared and classified, the results of computer simulation show that this technique produces better accuracy than that of the existing technique that is based on artificial neural network (Ann). The SVM also requires less training time than artificial neural network (Ann).

This paper presents the development air quality monitoring system for indoor workplace that send measurement CO, CO2, PM2.5, temperature and humidity and send it via IEEE 802.11 b/g wireless communication. The problem is many sensor node for indoor air quality should not always send data to server in normal situation. It could spend power consumption and the data would send it periodically. Although the data send periodically, the sensor must handle emergency situation like fire. The results show that with controlled transmission interval not only spend power consumption but the device also good respond in emergency situation and user could monitor air quality remotely via web application.

Various Home security system is deployed for landed houses in a clustered housing system. IOT applications for Home Security and Smart Home applications are of interest. Both applications are sensor rich and those sensors face the problem of transmitting data related to their task. Hence, this research concern providing solution of data transmission infrastructure within the house and ultimately to a centralized control and monitoring site. Infrastructure is important as each sensor has its specific task and generally made by different vendors. The infrastructure selection methods is based on the logic that wireless infrastructure is preferred to avoid costly installation and aesthetics reasons. Energy consumption for green compliance is another consideration. Sensors that are IOT ready are low power for green compliance. IOT ready sensors have intelligence embedded to it and could receive and transmit data according to its needs. In this research Lorawan is selected as the solution of providing the wireless infrastructure within a house due to its readiness for IOT and fulfil other requirements as well. The behaviour of Lorawan in terms of data transmission reliability and coverage is measured. Experiments are conducted for determining transmission coverage. The result shows Lorawan is suitable for implementing in house wireless infrastructure.

Decision support model (DSM) is familiarly applied in a lot of areas and issues. The model is commonly benefited by decision maker to solve semi / unstructured problems. One of them should be used to treat medical waste by considering six selected parameters and three decision alternatives. In this study, environmental issue is main concerned aspect that the constructed model consequently becomes ecological DSM (eco-DSM). Three main methods are operated to construct the model; they are fuzzy logic, Euclidean distance, and full-factorial optimization methods. The model is analysed and designed via object oriented method. Lastly, the study shows simulation results based on empirical data of medical waste from one class 'A' state hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Corruption is an extraordinary crime and must be eradicated not only as fast as possible, but also as efficient and as effective as possible as it hinders the process of achieving sustainable economy. In current modern society, information technology exists as a multidisciplinary tool to solve lingering problems that could not be solved by traditional efforts. This paper aims to provide knowledge regarding identified efforts to fight corruption specifically in Indonesia region. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology is used as the methodology, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow is used as framework to identify relevant records. Scopus database is used as data source. A total of 10 records are labelled as relevant to this research, and the findings are synthesized. It was found from the records that the main areas of interest for ICT research for corruption prevention in Indonesia are (1) information transparency, (2) operational enhancement, (3) success evaluation, (4) security and fraud, and (4) decision support. The findings are expected to assist future research in term of providing valuable insights on corruption prevention using ICT in Indonesia.

Hydroponics nutrient mixing system based on STM32 is a device to produce hydroponic nutrient solution, according to individual plant nutrient recipe, automatically by using individual dosing pump for each fertilizer concentrate. Nutrient recipes and fertilizer database are stored in Raspberry PI. The system will compute the recipe and translate to the required individual concentrates' volume, then send command to dosing pump controller. Dosing pump controller will then send command to 10 dosing pump motor drivers to pump each fertilizer concentrate according to the volume measurement to produce the nutrient solution. The core of dosing pump controller is a 32bit microcontroller development board Nucleo-F446RE from ST Microelectronic, ample to control 10 dosing pump drivers. Each of the dosing pumps will be equipped with fertilizer concentration with maximum solubility. The system has user friendly graphical user interface using 7" graphics LCD. To produce specific solution strength, system can fill in water through water pump and use water level sensor to measure the volume, this process is controlled by proportional controller. The output of the mixing process can be hydroponic A and B mixed concentrate solution, or direct solution. For concentrate solution user must dilute A and B concentrate with water. The system has been tested 9 times and produce maximum 9% error. Water filling system accuracy test for 5-liter water volume with K_p 10000 has 2.784% error.

Onion is a vegetable member of the genus Allium and one of the major sources of flavonoids in diets. Wine fermentation is one of the oldest preservation methods, which has been applied mostly on fruits. The aims of this research were to study and compare the changes of physicochemical properties and antioxidant properties of different onion varieties (red, yellow, and white onions) during wine fermentation for 30 days. The result showed that fermentation rate of red onion was slower than other onions, expressed by alcohol content and pH of the wine produced. However, red onion had higher antioxidant capacities before and after fermentation than yellow and white onions from all three observed antioxidant capacities. After fermentation, there was increase in DPPH radical scavenging and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities in all onion varieties. In addition, anthocyanin content of red onion decreased in large amount, however, it didn't impact the total flavonoid content.

Rodent tuber is a potential plant which can be developed as an anticancer drug. The rodent tuber plant has a low anticancer compound which does not have an economic value to be utilized on an industrial scale, particularly to explore as an anticancer drug. The material plant was used 30 clones of Rodent Tuber Pekalongan to increase its bioactive compounds using a combination of in vitro culture with gamma-ray irradiation. The selection process has been done until the 8^th generation and obtained 14 somaclonal mutants that have higher bioactive compounds than control plant (non-mutant). This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation of 14 somaclonal mutants of rodent tuber using RAPD with 14 primers. The results were produced 513 total bands with the size of 200-5000 bp and 380 polymorphic bands between somaclonal mutants. OPB-18 primer produced the most polymorphic bands and five specific polymorphic bands of 1336 bp, 1070 bp, 901 bp, 861 bp and 728 bp in the somaclonal mutant M23 (20-4-2-1-1-1). OPD-20 primer produced seven specific polymorphic bands of 1574 bp, 1557 bp, 1501 bp, 1496 bp, 1234 bp, 1229 bp and 1086 bp in the M23 somaclonal mutant. The phylogenetic analysis showed that there were two main groups with the coefficient similarity between 0.77 and 0.83. The highest genetic variation obtained was found in the M23 somaclonal mutant with a genetic difference of 23% compared with control. There are five somaclonal mutants (M24, M22, M21, M16, M14) that have a genetic variation of up to 22% over the control. This study shows that OPB-18 and OPD-20 primers were efficient in detecting somaclonal mutant variants.

In this study influence of acid hydrolysis using HCl 2% followed by autoclaving-cooling at 121°C for 15 minutes and cooled at 5°C for 72 hours with two repetition cycles on resistant starch of purple sweet potato flour were investigated and physical properties were analyzed. This treatment exhibited beneficial impacts of modified flour on resistant starch formation by 14.35%. Significant difference was exhibited between native and modified flour for ΔE value. Rapid visco analyzer was also used to determine pasting properties including peak viscocity, trough viscocity, breakdown, final viscosity, setback, and peak time where all of them except breakdown value were higher than the native one. Moreover, no signs of damage on the surface of native purple sweet potato flour were showed in micrograph of scanning electron microscopy. While autoclaving-cooling sample exhibited a rough structure as a result of the loss of its granular appearance and destroyed shape. This study also indicated a change of X-ray diffraction pattern from C-type to B-type caused by the modification treatment.

The implementation of waste into energy can be a solution for waste coffee handling. The mixture of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee silverskin (CS) has the potential to produce better fuel. This study aims to determine the characteristics of SCG and CS and the effect of mixing SCG and CS on the quality of pellet fuel produced. Characteristics of SCG and CS as refuse derived fuel (RDF) include density, morphology, particle size distribution, parameters in biopolymer analysis, proximate and ultimate analysis. A densification method with a pressure of 195 MPa is used in the pellet-making process. Characteristics of pellet fuel analyzed include density, durability, proximate analysis, calorific value, and combustion testing. The results showed that the physical characteristics of CS were suitable for producing pellets with better density, durability, and combustion levels, but large amounts of CS in pellets potentially produce particulate and NOx emissions during combustion. Samples with a mixed composition of SCG, CS, and artificial adhesives are 75%, 20%, 5%, respectively, resulting in optimum quality pellets which conform to several parameters of the German pellet standard DIN 51731.

In our previous work, a series of polyetherimide (PEI) nanofiltration membranes has been developed for removal of textile dyes from wastewater. Based on that previous study, another class of PEI-based membrane was developed for sustainable eco-engineering development in Indonesia, namely polyetherimide thin film composite (PEI-TFC) membranes. These PEI-TFC membranes were fabricated from dope solution consists of PEI dissolved in N-methyl pyrollidone (NMP) solvent and acetone as a non-solvent. The dope solutions were then continued to the membrane casting process, followed by solvent exchange process to remove the residual NMP in the pores of the membranes. The cast membranes were then immersed in 1.5% w/w m-phenylenediamine (MPD) in deionized water, followed by immersion in (0.05% w/w trimesoyl chloride in hexane). Those chemicals act as precursor to form a polymeric thin film in a process called interfacial polymerization to attach TFC layer on top of the PEI-TFC membranes. The fabricated PEI-TFC membranes were employed to treat synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Red 120 dye (RR120), with good rejection of 90%. The membranes could be further explored for the improvement of environmental sustainability of Indonesia, especially for the water ecology system.

The interest on Tempeh, a well known Rhizopus oligosporus-fermented food from Indonesia, is keep increasing as it possess potential bioactivities. Previous research on co-inoculation of Rhizopus oligosporus together with lactic acid bacteria in tempeh making showed promising results as lactic acid bacteria did not inhibit the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus. The aims of this study are to analyze the bioactivities (antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities) of single- and co-inoculated tempeh compared to pre-fermented soybean. Experiments was conducted by observing the effect of different lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei) on antioxidant capacities. Afterwards, one of lactic acid bacteria strain will be used to produce tempeh and the protective activity against di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP)-injured FL83B cell was observed. The result showed that Lactobacillus plantarum co-inoculated tempeh had the highest ferrous ion chelating activity, while Lactobacillus casei co-inoculated tempeh had the highest radical scavenging acticity and reducing power. Moreover, genistein and daidzein, aglycone isoflavone, found highest in Lactobacillus bulgaricus co-inoculated tempeh. For hepatoprotective activity, Lactobacillus plantarum co-inoculated and single-inoculated tempeh had protective activities against DEHP-injured FL83B cell, while soybean has no significant protective effect.

Indonesia is one of tropical agricultural countries with abundant food sources. One of the unexplored food sources is taro, which acts as promising starch sources for further studies in the fields of food science and also nanotechnology. Starch is a combination of amylose and amylopectin that forms polysaccharide (a type of carbohydrate), found in several tuber plants, with a competitive market share of 48.5 million tonnes, equals to 15 billion euro globally. Furthermore, there are a lot of potential of starch in the biotechnology and pharmacy fields, which are still employing starch in forms of nanoparticles as the supporting materials for the applications in tissue engineering, as excipients for tablets and drug delivery, along with possibility as a candidate for fat replacer. In this research starch particles were prepared via nanoprecipitation method by using NaOH, urea and ethanol. The precipitated starch particles were then dried via two different processes, which are inside a Petri dish (in an opened and a closed dish), in an atmospheric oven at 45°C for 16 h. The produced starch particles were characterized by using SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). From this study, we have fabricated starch nanoparticles with the characteristic diameters of 203-596 μm (based on SEM analysis) via nanoprecipitation using NaOH, urea, and ethanol, which were dried in a closed Petri dish. Chemical characterization of that particular starch particles has shown that it is a hydrolyzed starch, having non-amorphous structure, with finger prints at wavenumbers of 3350 cm⁻¹ and 1002 cm⁻¹ based on FTIR analysis.

The barrier properties of a polymer film is very important for application as packaging material. Moreover, packaging materials with antimicrobial properties give advantages to prolong the shelf life of perishable foodstuff. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble polymer, which has good oxygen barrier properties, but this depends on the humidity, as PVA is sensitive to moisture. The purpose of this study was to assess the characterization of bio-based nanocomposite films of PVA with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles and stearic acid. Bionanocomposite films were prepared by PVA dissolving in distilled and a range of ZnO nanoparticle formulations (and/or stearic acid) was added. Response Surface Methodology data analysis showed all response models qualified as good models with adequate presision (greater than 4). Result revealed that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles and/or stearic acid can reduce the water vapor transmission rate of the resulting film, lower light transmission, as well as results in antimicrobial properties.

In this study, development of a bioindicator film to detect sausage spoilage has been evaluated. The objectives of this research were to develop a bioindicator film from blended tapioca, agar, and mulberry juice and to asses its performance in detecting sausage spoilage. Different concentration of agar (3, 5, 7% by weight of tapioca) and crude extract of anthocyanin (CEA) from mulberry (10, 15, 20% by total volume of suspension) were formulated in this experiment beside glycerol as the plasticizer. The screening of the best bioindicator film was determined statistically according to multiple criteria decision making method prior sausages wrapping. Selected biofilm, 2% tapioca + 7% agar + 20% CEA, was able to detect an increase of microbial counts and pH variations as a consequent of sausage spoilage exhibited by color alteration of biofilm from dark red at 0 h to red-green at 24 h, and more greenness at 48 and 72h.

Control System and Microcontroller courses have no close relation in our curriculum, based on the content of those two courses. Therefore, students have difficulty to relate the control system theory with its implementation in digital circuit, especially using microcontroller. With the funding from Binus and the laboratory support on Matlab simulation, our students are expected to be able to implement control algorithm solution, into a real control system implementation, which in this case, a PID for a Servo DC Motor.

The Ecosystem Launchpad-TI helps students in their first year, to learn about control system, where the experiments can be conducted with a ready hardware named "Launchpad" and its associated software, which are packed in a digital control library (DCL) format.

Deep Learning is currently the state-of-the-art technique for various Computer Vision tasks, including object counting. Despite of its high performance, Deep Learning requires a gigantic amount of training data to show its best result. Getting this massive data in reasonable time requires a proper strategy such as crowdsourcing. However, in case of object counting, we found no crowdsourcing system able to effectively collect necessary data. To tackle this problem, we develop a crowdsourcing system to annotate image for object counting dataset. This system is also equipped with validation system to ensure the quality of collected dataset.

The role of climate can be affected by plants. The weather can accelerate and multiply the existence of various plant pests and diseases, accelerate the growth and development of grass among plants, and encourage the emergence of infection and significant damage to plants. The elements of climate that affect the growth of plants are one of them is rainfall. In this paper, we performed the simulation using the non-parametric penalized spline (PSPLINE) method and studied the effect on rice production in Lampung. It can be concluded that the increasing fluctuation, frequency, and intensity of climate anomalies in the last decade caused by the ENSO phenomenon have an impact on changes in distribution patterns, intensity, and period of the wet season so that the start of the rainy season and the dry season becomes too late. As a result, there is a seasonal shift from normal average conditions that can ultimately have severe implications for food crops. In a nutshell penalized spline gives high accuracy with R² = 96.227% and MAPE = 1.62%.

With the increasing number of homes being developed in Jakarta and surrounding area, a home security system is needed to prevent disruption to every home and residents especially when the number of crime increasing. With this system, residents are guaranteed security all the time either when residents are at home or outside the home. This paper demonstrates the implementation of home security system for homes using low cost and low power consumption wireless security systems. In this eco-friendly home security system, devices are installed in every home and will promptly notify residents and local security personnel during interruptions. The owner receives a Short Message Service (SMS) with a link to open the application installed in his/her android smartphone. The security guard also receives SMS with a link to open the map application to show the location of the house using its android smartphone. A 100% success rate of sending SMS and a 100% sensors functionality was proven through the experiment.

This paper discusses implementation of Long Range (LoRa) networks as an Internet of Things (IoT) objects especially on street light monitoring. Low Powered Wide Area Network (LPWAN) is used as a communication network. LoRa devices are configured with a frequency of 470 MHz, spread factor 9, bandwidth of 31.25 KHz, and code rate of 4/5. The study found that the UM402 LoRa module has the farthest network range, up to 1 Km. By focusing on a range of up to 250 m, the LoRa Dragino shield has the fastest data packet delivery time at 0.77 s. UM402 LoRa module has the largest Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) value at 50m, it is -34. All LoRa devices used in this research can operate well at the ideal distance of street lights (35 m).

In this research, a quardrotor copter like a flying robot is developed with its capability to stabilize itself during the steady flying in a determined position. In order to gain its stability, intentionally a simple filter with a low error rate of 1.67% during its full operation was placed. The time consumed during its steady flying in the air took approximately one second with the height of flying around 1 to 5 meters above the earth.

A system for automatic detection of road damages is essential for logistics management. At the core of the system lies an algorithm for classification of damages. This work intends to establish such an algorithm. In the current proposal, the algorithm receives data of the probe vehicle rate of rotations, extracts statistics descriptive from the data to produce a feature vector, and finally, feeds the vector to a simple-three-layer neural network to classify the damages. The types of damages are limited to four cases: normal, pothole, speed bump, and expansion joint. For the development, a probe vehicle is used to produce 400 empirical data involving those four damage cases. By using Monte Carlo approach, the established neural network model is evaluated. The results show that the approach is able to classify the cases with 85% accuracy. The study also finds that the rates of pitch and roll to be the determining factors.

Researchers in healthcare predict the need for healthcare applications will grow rapidly. In Indonesia, doctor consultation applications began to emerge, but research on doctor consultation application still a few. The purpose of this study was to identify the user profile and preferences for doctor consultation application in Indonesia. The data were collected using an online questionnaire via Google Form that consisting of 3 parts: user profiles, user preferences, and doctor consultation application. There was 129 response and only 111 can be used. SPSS version 24 was used to test validity and reliability, descriptive data, cross tabulation, multi-response calculation, independent t-test. Consensus calculation used to find the preference of doctor consultation application in Indonesia. The results show that there are 6 most important factors that developers of doctor consultation application should consider. The most popular applications are Alodokter and Halodoc where Halodoc is a leader in doctors consulting application, so developers can make these two applications as a reference. The developer can target the market using user profile from this research. In addition, the features that should be in the application are the features of consultation (chat), disease information, purchase and delivery of medicine, and consultation (call).

Energy recovery is one of methods to minimize carbon foot print. In addition to that, the increase of the price of energy is unavoidable, these days, including in industrial sectors which makes renewable energy, that offers a friendly price-performance issue, is now taken into consideration. Furthermore, the using of energy recovery is beneficial as it not only reduces energy consumption, but also gives cost saving for the product that are made. In this case, heat energy which generated by the lubrication process of the compressor system was studied to determine how this heat can be captured and be used for heating process. Firstly, the heat from lubrication process is contacted with water through a heat exchanger and connected through piping system as a continuous heating process to increase the temperature of water in a test bath. Secondly, if this idea of energy conservation works, the estimated average energy saving is equal to 33.1% (19.4 kWh). Temperature, time, actual wattage, and the size of the products which are directly affected by the process were collected to determine the best possible way to harvest this heating energy.

Welding quality of a product is very important. Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is a process widely used in the industrial, mostly in the automotive industry. RSW is used to joint two or more materials in order to form the structure of the car. Resistance spot welding requires parameters that play as an important role in the welding process. There are three important parameters in the welding process, namely welding current (kA), welding time (cycle), and electrode force (kN). All three parameters should be optimized in order to produce high quality spot weld joints and less welding defects. In relation to Green Manufacturing, less defects means less waste and less consumption of materials. In the present study, we utilized RSM (Response Surface Method) to optimize the parameters by using statistical and mathematical techniques to analyze the problem. Optimal result parameters on welding current 8.7 kA, welding time 19,25 cycle, and electrode force 1,6 kN with diameter nugget 6,969 mm.

Eco-driving behavior can be influenced by technical aspect, environment, how people perceived it as a need, and how people acted while they driving. Driving style not only relates to a risk that people may involve but it also may relate to preserving the eco-driving behavior. This study proposed a quantification of the behavior along with risky drivers' behavior. The study involved a number of residents in some cities in Indonesia and conducted using a translated Manchester Driving Behavior questionnaire (MDBQ). About 89 collected filled questionnaire (68.5% male, 31.5% female) analyzed in this study. Based on reliability and validity test, questions Q2, Q3, Q8, Q10, and Q15 removed from further analysis, with final Cronbach's alpha value = 0.946. There were 12 questions that similar with an eco-driving behavior on the adapted MDBQ (as variable 1), and the remaining 33 questions treated as variable 2 which represented a risky driving behavior. This study showed that the participants has low to medium level of risky behavior and medium eco driving behavior. The statistical test revealed a significant correlation between those variables (r = 0.727; p<0.01). It confirm that less eco-driving behavior (indicated by higher answer's score) has a close relation with risky driving behavior. Increasing awareness of safe driving during eco-driving behavior training is suggested, and hopefully, it will increase the training success rate in long-term in the formed the expected behavior.

Design for Environment (DfE) Principles and Guidelines have been developed to guide designers in creating product concepts from the planning phase. This research integrated Telenko's DfE Principles and Guidelines into Ulrich and Eppinger's Product Design and Development to provide a simple structure to design a product with DfE for non-expert and small companies with the aim to design a marketable ergonomic study desk that uses environmentally friendly material and design. The study desk made from pinewood which is from ex-pallet wood. It is designed with dowel joints without nail and bolts which is in line with DfE guideline. After making two prototypes, the finished product evaluated and tested using a questionnaire. The results show that the desk has a high-performance rating of 4.78 out of 5. 77% of respondents choose big smile face, 15% choose smile face and 8% choose a neutral face for their feeling about the desk. It means that respondents like the desk, so it is expected that this desk will be liked in the market. The results also show that respondents think the appropriate selling price is 500 thousand rupiah or around $34.4. This study desk has been registered to have Industrial Design, Intellectual Property Rights on March 2, 2018.

Competition in the airline industry has increased this triggers the development of low cost carrier. One airline that has felt the impact of this increased competition is the airline Garuda Indonesia, which previously controlled the airline market share in Indonesia before the emergence of low cost carrier. Garuda Indonesia airline as a market leader still need to improve their services because the satisfaction of some customers is not as high as Garuda Indonesia expected. Based on preliminary studies conducted, there are still customers who feel not satisfied with the services provided by the Garuda Indonesia airline. To maintain the number of customers and increase the number of customers using Garuda Indonesia flight services, Garuda Indonesia airlines must evaluate the quality of service and improve the quality of services provided. This study aims to evaluate the quality of service on airlines using the Kano model and perform quality risk calculations on airline service using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. By using KANO Model and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), there are 8 service attributes that need to be improved by Garuda Indonesia Airlines. The service attributes include the ease of check-in and waiting time, the time of departure and the arrival of the aircraft, the suitability of the number and the flight schedule, the flight safety, safety standard, the ticket price compared to the competitors, the suitability of the ticket price with the services provided, compensation in case of loss or damage to the luggage and the quality of the dish / snack served during the flight. These attributes need to be upgraded by Garuda Indonesia airlines to increase customer satisfaction so customers will reuse.

Productivity in some case has relation with safety and health work condition in the company. The nature of the work in some industries are more risky compared to other industries, and oil& gas Company is one of them especially for their field worker. Actually, most of company is very strict in safety supervision because the consequences can be fatal, however som accidents may still experience by workers. The company is not only concern about the safety but also set high performance and productivity on their employee. Employee awareness of how important of those three factors could help company to achieve the goal. In this study, how performance, productivity, safety and health at workplace perceived by operator and supervisor/manager at oil & gas company in Qatar is discussed, and their correlation was measured. A questionnaire consist of 45 questions related to performance, productivity, safety and health, was applied to caputer the perception of oil & gas company's employee who located at 4 sites. There are 212 participants involved in the survey (155 operators, and 57 supervisors/manager). Based on their answer, the study showed that performance and productivity level of the employee can be categorize as high (82% and 85%), while the safety and health level at the company is perceived in good condition (by 86% employee). Using multiple linear regression, significant correlation productivity and performance with safety and health condition is found (p < 0.05). In addition, Two Way ANOVA conducted to see the differences perception among age group and years-of-duty group. It revealed the differences exist based on p<0.1. This study showed that employee for each site (Dukhan, Ras Laffan, Doha, and Offshore Umm Said) realizes how the importance of performance, productivity, and safety in work even though the perception may differ among the group.

In previous study, non-thermal plasma system with addition of O₂ gas was proven to accelerate the decolorization process of dye solution, resulting in faster treatment of the synthetic wastewater. The present study deals with the influence of variation of O₂ gas admixing to the Ar plasma discharge to examine the decolorization of methylene blue solution underwater through measurement of absorbance value of the plasma-treated solution by UV/VIS measurement. From the experiments it was found that the best result of methylene blue solution decomposition was obtained from the application of Ar 0.3 lpm with the admixing of O₂ gas 0.3 lpm in an underwater plasma system generated at 1.56 kV. Modelling the decomposition process of methylene blue by using Ar+O₂ plasma with variation of O₂ flow rate, it was found that the system was confirmed to follow the first order kinetics equation. From this study it could be said that the plasma-based oxidation process is promising for the application in the decomposition of textile wastewater to support sustainable industry with environmentally friendly orientation.

Sustainable design meaning defined by the contextual problems, chosen approaches, and the available solutions. The definition of them is very valuable for the education subject matters. This paper investigates the awareness of sustainable design in building and construction services community in Jakarta, to develop a contextual concept which has been a concern since the advent of global warming issues, in an interpretive approach. The community, which consists of professionals and academics in Jakarta – Indonesia, surveyed through online questionnaires to gather as much as possible evidence about the applied sustainable design concepts on the reality. The properties and dimensions of the sustainable design rely on the respondents' view.

Patient safety in a healthcare environment is crucial. They are vulnerable to Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) that can be gained through contact with a surface in the healthcare facility. Cleaning with disinfectant performed as the main procedure on the routine basis to cope with the infection contamination. However, the wider the surface that being cleaned also means the more usage of dangerous disinfectant being used. This is not very sustainable and put another risk for the patients. To minimise the problem, this paper aims to look at various types of doors design as part a non-critical surface in a healthcare facility with high interaction with the hands of both patients and healthcare workers. The study is conducted in the waiting area at a certain clinic in Depok. The waiting area becomes an essential aspect of this study because of its position as the primary circulation of patients. Four different types of door and how they interact with human are found in the clinic through observation and interview. In the end, this study findings can be used to consider door design in healthcare facilities because of its influence on people's behaviour and the risk of microbial spread.

In the recent years, architecture and engineering are one of the driving forces of sustainable development. Within the core of sustainability itself, continuous harmony between man and nature must occur. How can architecture and engineering contribute to sustainability in it's entirety then? This study aims to seek the answer to that question, through methods of literature studies. Results shows that architecture and engineering also has a role in improving the lives of other species, such as animals in captivity. Captive animals are prone to develop severe stress that could decrease their welfare. Poorly designed animal enclosures are the leading cause of zoochosis; a mental illness in animals showcased by repetitive stereotypic behavior due to confinement stress. Zoochosis could affect animal health, in some cases even leads to death. Architects and engineers all over the world has started to contribute in designing and building a more appropriate built environments for captive animals, as similar as possible to their natural counterparts. In hopes to increase the welfare of captive animals while fulfilling their needs and improve their lives the same way as it is intended to fulfil ours. Expanding the scope of architecture and engineering, beyond anthropocentric ideals.

As the primary energy source of the earth, the sun, will also be the main aspect that need to be considered in architectural design. The sun will play a major part to create a good architecture, that would be part to create sustainable architecture. Buildings consume a lot of energy for cooling to achieve desirable thermal comfort conditions. In tropical climate, solar gain is resulting in high energy consumption, therefore the need and awareness to reduce building's energy is essential. One of the simple methods that can be used to prevent the high consumption of energy in buildings is by using natural and passive cooling systems. It uses non-mechanical techniques to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. Shading is one of the passive design methods, which block the sun light before it hit the building surfaces. Shading reduces the solar radiation and it cools the building surface effectively, hence reducing the building energy performance significantly. This paper will discuss a study of bricks design façade that can be used to shade its own surfaces. The design configuration of the brick will provide self-shading system, that could help reduce the energy consumption in the buildings.

The World Health Organization has incorporated mental health in September 2015 as one of the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those focusing on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages. One of the things that affect mental health is a sensory stimulus that is inherent in the human body that rise to the perception of the environment. The problem that often occurs is the architectural and built environment design dominates by the visual sensory, whereas it should, the perception of space is received through full spectrum of perceptual quality. This multisensory approach conducted with sensewalking – open questioner and semantic differential scales – to assess the perception of the classroom. The online data that been collected will be analyzed to determine the perceptual construct from each category of sensory and look for components that designers should be concerned with in classroom design.

The form and layout of dwelling unit in low cost flats which provided by the government as a substitute for landed house in slums or high density neighborhoods, is very different from their homes. Physical quality of building materials is very standard and often it does not meet the expectations of the residents. Currently the use of environmentally friendly materials (eco-materials) in buildings is being actively socialized by the government to support sustainable development programs. This research was conducted with the aim to know the type of physical changes made by the residents to their residential unit, and the dominant building materials used by residents when making physical changes, as well as the proposed environmentally friendly materials that can be used by residents. The results showed that the dominant physical changes were performed by occupants: (1) physical changes that are related to the aesthetic reasons and improving the quality of dwelling unit (aesthetical and physical adjustment); (2) physical changes that are related to the fulfillment of function of dwelling unit in low cost flats (functional adjustment). Wall paint and ceramic materials are dominant materials that are often replaced and used by residents when making physical changes in residential unit. The proposed of wall paint and ceramic materials are used even from the beginning of the construction of low cost flats there are eco-materials and interior furnishings that good quality and minimize chemical emissions also promote good air quality.

Wayfinding is one of the significant aspects to be considered in enhancing the quality of service and sustainable use of a public facility by its user. This study examines the role of objects in space in providing information for building users in the wayfinding process. The study was conducted by assigning some wayfinding tasks to some participants that are unfamiliar with the setting of the study. The method was through the walking-with observation and verbal protocols that indicate how the participants navigate in the building to find a particular location. The findings from the verbal protocols show that wayfinding strategies involved object-searching for finding cues regarding knowledge of position, location, route and place identification. The environmental objects other than signage and maps were also used and read as wayfinding cues. The different decisions made at particular points show how every object of cues relate to each other affecting the decision to be made and action to take. These findings suggest the needs to rethink the role of objects and object relations as the core of wayfinding strategies. Wayfinding design needs to incorporate the mechanism of object-searching and object relations, which will define the configuration of objects as a part of architectural spaces.

Dams have an important role, especially in Indonesia, not only as a water source, agriculture also plays a role in controlling floods and hydropower. Many dams have been built and some are under construction. In line with its existence and function, the existence of dams also faces several problems, one of them is erosion problem which threatens the sustainability of the dam function. Land conversion in upstream and around areas contributes to erosion. Natural landscape around the dam must certainly be maintained into the Greenbelt zone. On the one hand its existence must remain part of the natural landscape but on the other hand it will still function as part of the settlement area. The study is intended to map the greenbelt area that must remain natural and which areas can be utilized. Research begins by identifying physical conditions along the edge of the dam, then analyzing it and combining it with existing land use data, resulting in a map of utilization along the edge of the dam (greenbelt).

To be a reliable and professional architect so as to have competitiveness not only nationally but also regionally hence required a standard architect competence to support the realization of Sustainability in Architecture. This study attempts to examine the 13 competencies designed by the Indonesian Architects Association in a survey to find out the general picture of how their assessment of competencies. The research method was conducted by survey and Inferential descriptive approach to explain the approximate condition of the population of Indonesian architects through the sample glasses in Jakarta. The scale used is the Likert model with the scale range of 1 to 5. Instrument validity Competence Architect of Indonesia (Y) with construct validity approach using Item Response Theory (IRT) that is through Orthogonal Iteration. The results of the study found that Indonesian architects tend to be competent. This description of competence is able to show that Indonesian architects have good competitiveness locally, nationally and regionally.

Architecture contributed in global warming by consuming non-renewable energy and producing waste. Sustainability has become one of the major issues in the building industry, as it can help reducing the environmental impact. Therefore, it is vital for architects to apply sustainable design principles. This study aims to see the sustainability awareness of architects by assessing an architectural firm's project based on the sustainable building framework. The case study was Mesvara House in Yogyakarta designed by Vignette. Data were collected through direct observation and interviews, and analysed using the sustainable building framework as the assessment tool. Result of the study revealed that Vignette has shown that they are aware of sustainability issues in architecture by implementing all objectives in the framework such as recourse conservation for environmental sustainability, cost efficiency for economic sustainability, and design for human adaptation for social sustainability. For resource conservation, the architect applied effective construction method, using local materials, applied innovative watering system and using a non-arable land. For cost efficiency, the strategies implemented was low budget project, maximizing passive energy, utilizing easy-to-maintenance materials, and future expansion preparation As for design for human adaptation, this house applied thermal comfort and anticipated from fire, natural hazard and crimes.

The main problem of settlement in small islands is the lack of basic infrastructures. Government has realized the need of infrastructure development for the settlement in small islands through the Presidential Decree. However, the development of infrastructure must follow the characteristics of its potential and constraints as an island. Bawean Island is a small island with an area approximately 190 km² that is located in the Java Sea and in the north of Surabaya, which the capital of East Java, Indonesia. The soil morphology of Bawean is mountainous, and high and low hilly. So, it is necessary to identify the infrastructure in Bawean Island to facilitate the design of island according to its soil morphology. This research used qualitative method that is a direct survey by staying in Bawean Island. The data collection is by interviewing local people and supplemented with theories of islands. It is expected that the complete data about Bawean Island's infrastructure can create spatial design of Bawean Island.

Architecture has a major role in the issue of global warming today. Therefore, the architects began to endorse the concept of ecological architecture and green building design. This study aims to examine a project of Omah Harimurti in Jakarta based on ecological and green architecture principle theories by Sim Van Der Ryn and Stuart Cowan as well as Robert and Brenda Vale. Both of their design principles were compared to identify the ecological and green design parameters to test the Omah Harimurti. Results of the study revealed that there are 4 parameters of ecological-green architecture design, such as nature should be the main actor of the design; nature becomes a solution for every problem in the site; honor the user by involved them as a designer; and be a climate conscious building by conserving energy. From the examination conducted, it is also revealed that the Omah Harimurti qualified as an ecologic and green architecture design.

Gili Meno is located on Northwest coast of Lombok, Indonesia. Surrounded by crystal water and microclimate tropical weather. Nowadays, modern materials for building in Gili become choices due to the access from suppliers from the big islands surroundings. The use of indigenous materials such as bamboo become rare for wall, ceiling and roof. However, bamboo is a promising choice for cooling down the interior thermal of the building and considered as a sustainable building material. The project is designed as a sustainable architecture for boutique villa that aims to attract tourist by its concept of holistic design and to embrace bamboo as indigenous local material for sustainable holistic design. This journal focused on bamboo for wall, ceiling, roof and shading as design elements to create thermally comfortable interior of the villa. It uses a research by method of implementing research bamboo that has been done by other researchers and site observation, observing the type of bamboo and designing the holistic architecture. The research found that the use of bamboo with holistic approach for the wall, ceiling, roof and shading with the understanding of the nature will be promising with further research needed to create thermally comfortable interior environment.

Coastal is one of the city boundaries of Jakarta. Tourism industry, transportation, settlements dominated to development in that zone. Several of the settlements built by developer, with land use planning standards-compliant, but partly of the settlement developed by the local community, which has potential to grow without proper planning, unavailability of zones for the playground is one of its indicators. Furthermore the limited space in urban coastal area is often the reason to the provision of children playground. Despite having limited space, qualitative-based research conducted in Blok Empang, Muara Angke Fishermen's Settlement discover the phenomenon that play can still be done by children. Playground in coastal area is dominated by land area, streets and parking areas often used by children to play compared to playing in the sea areas. Interview, drawing and tours are strategies to find out information from children and when they play in the street or parking area, they have a rational reason to understand.

This paper proposes a design approach that addresses the surface cleanability as a critical aspect of the architectural context, especially concerning the maintenance of architecture for health and hygiene purposes. The surface cleanability could be achieved through the design of surfaces in the environment where hygiene is essential. Digital design technology could contribute to the modelling, simulation and fabrication process during the development of surface forms in architecture. The study developed a digital design workflow that incorporates skeletal implicit modelling techniques as an attempt to develop the forms of surfaces. It allows the generation of a smooth and seamless surface that allows the maintenance to ensure the cleanliness of the environment. The proposed workflow also allows the iterative process to be performed between the modelling and simulation analysis to enable the evaluation of the cleanability performance of the surface. The workflow could become the basis for the development of architectural forms that appropriately address the requirement of maintenance of architectural spaces.

West Java Province in Indonesia has some cultural village that still survive in modern society today. One of indigenous villages that survive and have a special uniqueness is Mahmud Cultural Village located near the city of Bandung. The development of technology and economic improvement of the community, as well as the growth of urban areas can affect the pattern of life of indigenous villagers that will affect the sustainability of indigenous villages. The purpose of this study is to identify, to know and to understand the buildings and neighborhood of Mahmud cultural village in West Java. This research uses descriptive method through survey and field observation. The results showed that the community in the Mahmud cultural village has largely begun to abandon the old tradition related to the construction of traditional architecture of residence, this is evident from the addition of space in buildings and the incorporation of materials from bamboo or wood with brick or brick material for the wall residential home. The house is no longer a stage. Only a small part of the traditional architecture of the residence and the Jami mosque are still sustainable following the values of local tradition.

West Java Province in Indonesia has some cultural village that still survive in modern society today. he use of insulated panels in building construction has risen significantly raised in recent years, and further material developments are yet to be embraced, due to demanding of using sustainable materials that also environment friendly. The insulated panel materials could be used as an alternative material for roof and wall, with some benefits such as light weight, applied minimum slope and also environment friendly.

This paper studies on the application of the theory of rainwater harvesting, particularly on the roof as a catchment area. The background of this study is that the implementation of sustainable architecture in design should not have negative consequences for future generations. Awareness of energy conservation by avoiding depletion of resources including energy and water, preventing environmental degradation and creating a comfortable, safe and liveable environment that needs to be considered. The water management is essential for any country in the world, but the unconsciousness in the concept of rainwater management systems makes people not interested in adopting this system. So, promoting the rainwater harvesting system and utilization that system as sustainable rainwater management becomes an important issue and it must be remembered that every drop of the water must be stored and used for mankind. The collection of rainwater in this study is focused on a roof as a catchment areaand to accommodate these objectives, a brief calculation of the roof area is 64m²and the result showed that it can be provide and full fill 100% of the water needs for the latrines flushing and cleaning the house for 19 months.

The increasing number of populations in large cities such as Jakarta led to increased demand for low-income housing, and it leads to the need of low-cost apartment buildings as well. Generally, based on the needs of healthy indoor environment and thermal comfort in the tropic, low cost housing in Jakarta uses single loaded corridor to draw air through two-way opposite openings for cross ventilation in promoting natural ventilation. In high rise apartment buildings, the use of double loaded corridor will be more efficient in space and construction costs but has limitations in providing ideal conditions for cross ventilation. This study focused on assessing the effect of the openings on double-loaded corridor, in high-rise low-income housing to promote better natural ventilation. This study aims to obtain the opening and corridor for natural ventilation in low income vertical housing. The research method is developed by the experimental research with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation uses Ecotec and Winair program to meet the wind profile inside the building. The variable data is observed from design typology, dimension of opening and corridor, and wind data. To refine the objective, this study focuses on high-rise low-income housing design typology (20 floors).

This paper presents the study of integrating solar panel over a grouper fish cage culture. The study is aimed to investigate the required illuminance for the fish to grow. This aspect is necessary since the application of the solar panel will affect the illuminance below it. The results showed not all the PV panels type could facilitate the required illuminance. The steps of study is as follows: (1) to study the optimum light for the growth of the grouper fish, (2) to study the structure of the floating net cage, and (3) to study the optimal solar panel type that later will be integrated with the selected facility building

Architectural competence is an important factor that must be owned and developed by professional architects even since completing basic education. These competencies need to be continuously honed so as to produce innovative, comfortable, safe and able to accommodate the social needs and keep inheriting the existing cultural values. This study aims to look at the factors that most determine the realization of the competence of the Socio-Cultural Ecology architect's competencies in Indonesia. The research method used is neuroresearch which is one of the mixed methods in the exploratory and explanatory stage. The result of the research is the competencies of the Indonesian Socio-Cultural Ecology architect is determined by the ability to build a harmonious relationship between human, building and the environment determined by the architect's understanding of building physics and the ability to find problems related to planning, implementation, control, and evaluation

A window plays a role in connecting the outer and inner space that supports the connection between humans and the natural elements in the building. The presence and absence of windows, the type of view from the windows and the application of window's technology become the main issue right now in designing an inpatient ward, but it becomes irrelevant if it does not link to the experience of seeing patients. This study reveals the degree of relation of the configuration of the windows placement, seeing's capacity of patients and the arrangement of space. Exploration of the relation is done through five alternative configurations, to provide different patterns that produce a degree of relationship. Relation levels are presented through calculation of image region analyser MATLAB. The results of this study provide several alternative patterns of configuration with different levels of relationships that can be used as a basis for consideration in designing space in the hospital.

Urban morphology analysis allows us to understand an urban transformation. Through this analysis, the development of an area can be intervened in a planned manner. Morphology can be a valuable tool by linking technological aspects to urban sustainability strategies with various aspects of culture, social, civil through urban architectural design. This tool can be used in accordance with comprehensive and complex sustainability ideas that can only be achieved fully through the renewal of public awareness and the use of available resources. Architecture and language (linguistics) have a basic resemblance, where both are tools for conveying messages, radiating impressions and as objects to capture impressions and messages. Likewise, in understanding the form, both have the same similarity. The form of the two fields of science is studied in morphology. Morphology of the city learn the intricacies of urban space form and function changes the shape of urban space, both functions of grammatical and semantic functions. The smallest element of linguistics is morpheme, the smallest element of architecture urban is the space, so morpheme can be analogical into the space (morpheme = space). Morpheme consists of a free morpheme and bound morpheme, as well as space. Space as a three-dimensional shape composed of a solid space (content) and a void space (open). Typology can be analogical into the Urban Architectural then, the notion of "language" = "Urban Architecture".

Wall is the element of the non-structural in buildings, single storey building, low-rise, and high-rise that serves as a counterweight and fastening the beams and column. Construction of other structures such as buildings, walls is a part that has developed over time. It is causing this development is to respond to the needs of construction quality, cost, and time of the construction. In this case there are two types of wall construction, red bricks wall which made of clay and other one is a light concrete bricks wall which made of cement, silica, sand and limestone. The purpose of this paper is to determine the method of wall construction is more efficient in terms of cost and time between methods of red bricks wall and light concrete bricks wall. The study was conducted using a survey method, and comparative literature. These results indicate that both methods have advantages and disadvantages of each other. Red bricks wall method is cheaper in the cost of the process while the light concrete bricks wall method much faster in the process.