Table of contents

THE 5TH HABITECHNO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR RESILIENT HUMAN SETTLEMENT

HABITechno is a biennial international conference that focuses on creative solutions in the idea and application of modern technology for housing and settlement development, particularly for low-income dwellings in developing countries. Since 2013, the Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) has organized HABITechno in conjunction with other institutions in Housing and Settlement and Building Technology in Indonesia and overseas.

Regulations aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19 have had an unprecedented impact on organizations, institutions, and individuals. The online system has started a discussion on the role of technology in assisting people in dealing with this circumstance. To help people stay informed and healthy during COVID-19 the 5^th HABITechno was held on November 11th, 2021, virtually (online) with the theme is 'Adaptive Technology for Resilient Human Settlement'.

That topic is to respond to the progress of digitalization and globalization of the world in accomplishing economic competitiveness, organization, and community, especially in the human settlement sector. The goals are to critically revisit and rethink the existing and potential of such adaptive technology development by proposing a solution for sustainable development under conditions of transition in developing countries.

List of Structure of Committee, Advisory Board, Steering Committee and Reviewer Board, Keynote Speaker for Webinar Series, Keynote Speaker for International Seminar - Main Event, Organizing Committee, Proceeding Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous

• Conference submission management system: The review was done via Conftool system

• Number of submissions received: 55

• Number of submissions sent for review: 55

• Number of submissions accepted: 35

• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 63.6

• Average number of reviews per paper: 1

• Total number of reviewers involved: 16

• Contact person for queries:

Name: Rakhmat Fitranto Aditra

Email: rakhmat.aditra@gmail.com

Affiliation: Bandung Institute of Technology - School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development

The visual comfort of users in residential buildings is undoubtedly a substance and necessary to put an attention. About 30-40% of human activities are spent at the house, such as working, studying, reading, and resting. To support these activities, they need a lighting condition from natural and artificial light. Natural light can be achieved by making various openings, such as windows, skylights, and ventilation that are tailored to the lighting needs of the room. The general case for natural lighting is the effective positions for the openings because it can affect the distribution and the amount of light for which passing to the inside. Other consequences of the opening's position are radiation levels, visual comfort, and the use of energy for the electric lights. This research aims to find the appropriate orientation of windows through the amount of light in the inner space over the year. The method is qualitative research by collecting data in the form of the amount of light entering through window openings at four different positions based on cardinal orientations in a 12 m2 empty room in a natural setting to interpret the phenomena. The research is using the digital simulation of the DiaLux Evo 9.1 software. The result of this study is that the placement of windows in north and south orientations has met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) with a value range of 146 - 1879 lx. These results meet the need for various functions of space in the house, such as terraces, garages, dining rooms, workspaces, bedrooms, living rooms. guest and bathroom. Meanwhile, the openings located in the east and west directions have the value range of 179 - 213 lx which less matches with the standard.

Outdoor thermal comfort is influenced by many factors, including environmental factors and human factors. A person's age and gender are thought to influence the survey answers. The older a person is, the lower the standard of comfort will be, and vice versa. Meanwhile, men are easier to gain thermal comfort than women. In addition, the proportion of a person's body weight and height calculated by Body Mass Index (BMI) is also thought to affect the level of thermal comfort. The greater the distance from the proportional body, the higher the standard of comfort. These hypotheses will be scientifically proven through this research. This research was conducted for one year by quantitative methods using a printed questionnaire media. The total number of respondents was 415 people, with details of 97 people in the summer (2020), 86 people in the fall (2020), 117 people in the winter (2021), and 115 people in the spring (2021). The sampling method used a simple random sampling approach, and the questionnaire was directly distributed in Green Park, one of the urban parks in Kitakyushu, Japan. The relationship between the three variables would be analysed by the multivariate analysis method. Based on the analysis results, there is no significant correlation of age, gender, and body proportion to outdoor thermal comfort.

Mosques are places of worship for Muslims, there are various factors for mosques so that worship activities can run smoothly and solemnly, one of which is audial comfort which is very important in a place of worship. Some mosques are located in environments with high noise levels which affect the quality of the audial comfort in the mosque. This case study examines the audial comfort problem in the mosque which is on the edge of a cross-city road. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the audial comfort of the Al-Ghani Mosque which is located on the edge of the city lane and find solutions to reduce the noise impact by high traffic of vehicles. This study uses a case study method with a quantitative descriptive approach that aims to evaluate the audial comfort of a mosque. This study conducted data through field measurement. Noisetools.net and IBANA Calc-Software were used to analyse noise level of surrounding and indoor buildings. Indonesian National Standard (SNI) was used to judge the noise level quality. The results of this study indicate a high level of noise in the mosque and not reach the standard. Barrier and building material design intervened to achieve the standard target through simulation. This study provides an overview of how the mosque should be built by considering various factors, especially audial comfort.

In 2015 the local government relocated some residents from several squatter settlements on government land into Rusunawa Rancacili. Consequently, the relocation has affected occupant lifestyle changes as a form of adaptation in the vertical housing. This adaptation process usually has undesirable impacts. One example is the occupation of public circulation and corridors as personal storage by the occupants. This condition can reduce the space for the disaster evacuation process due to obstruction of public access. Therefore, a simulation is conducted to describe the evacuation possibilities using the actual occupation condition of the flats. The simulation compares the evacuation time required by the occupants in the ideal condition with the actual condition. This study focuses on identifying various factors that hinder the disaster process in the circulation area where obstacles exist. The simulation was conducted using the Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) method to describe occupant behavior during the evacuation process. Data were obtained through field observation surveys and interviews with Rusunawa Rancacili Block 2 residents. It is identified that the longer evacuation time is caused by the closure of exit access, the corridor obstacle with personal belongings, and the walking speed of the elderly group of occupants. The results of this study could provide a recommendation based on the design and operation management of public housing.

Most Southeast Asian countries have been facing a rapid growth of urbanizations. This greatly affects the increasing demands of housings as well as energy consumption in the building sector, particularly due to the space cooling to achieve indoor thermal comfort. On the other hand, the hybrid cooling strategy has shown a promising potential in energy saving through the combination of mechanical and natural ventilation. Nevertheless, such strategy has not been optimally implemented in the current residential buildings. This study carried out a review on energy-saving related standards and guidelines in several Southeast Asian countries, especially on the requirements for ventilation performance. In addition, this study also carried out Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation to investigate the ventilation performance of the existing apartment in Indonesia. In general, most of the countries' existing standards have not properly accommodated the energy-saving potential through natural ventilation. Moreover, the simulation results show that the indoor air speed and air change rate in the existing apartment are still below the required standards, mostly due to a lack of ventilation strategies in the building design: e.g., selection of opening configuration and window type. Hence, in order to optimize the energy-saving effort, the current standards and guidelines should provide sufficient information and requirement related to the ventilation performance.

Liveability interprets as making residents comfortable in their built environment. As daylighting becomes a necessity for human beings, daylight availability can improve the liveability of dwelling habitats, especially in high-density urban areas. Relayouting the building block without reducing the usable floor area can improve daylight availability. Kampung Braga is an example of how a heavy slum area has a low liveability quality and classifies into impoverished slum settlements at the stake of being resettled. The spatial arrangement becomes necessary to enhance the community's quality of life. This article aims to examine how the intervention through urban layout can affect daylight availability to improve the liveability for kampung Braga. This research uses simulation methods with climate-based daylight modelling (CBDM) software to simulate daylighting with a dynamic approach. Rhinoceros for modelling, Honeybee for vertical sky component (VSC) simulation, and DIVA for daylight availability simulation. Based on the simulation on three alternative urban layouts in line with spatial plan context, it is shown that intervention through urban layout and typology of kampung Braga has shown better VSC and daylight availability values than the existing conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the context of the building around the site when designing a specific building typology. Modifying configuration, floor height, model, and orientation show a better VSC reception and vertical facade illumination. City stakeholders need to be aware of the low liveability of the urban kampung. Planning the right urban plan design can improve daylighting availability and increase the liveability of the urban kampung.

Housing site plan should respond to safety standards for disaster evacuation, especially in Kendari City, Indonesia. It is caused by its geological conditions at high risk of natural disasters such as earthquakes, liquefactions, tsunamis, etc. The study on housing accessibility quality for the evacuation process in Kendari was limited. This study was conducted to identify the evacuation access quality of the housing site plan in Puuwatu Kendari as a case study. The main indicators to measure evacuation access quality are user characters, housing unit layouts, and the width of circulation access including the pedestrian path, road system, and the assembly point. These indicators are analyzed by the Pathfinder application. It is identified that the actual time for the total evacuation process outside of housing units is 44,4 seconds and into the assembly point (the nearest open public space) 103,5seconds. The actual time of evacuation to reach outside of housing units is still in the standard range of 2-3 minutes. On the other hand, the actual time of evacuation to reach open public space is 287 seconds still within the standard 30 minutes. It is caused by the distance of the assembly point in a radius of 60-70 meters. The quality of the assembly point is the main problem for the typical housing site plan in this case study. Respectively, the housing site plan in Kendari and the other similar cities have to be managed to comply with the standard for the disaster evacuation process.

Urban settlements including kampong at DKI Jakarta Province are vulnerable to fire hazards. The fire risk will increase along with the increase of kampong's population, the density of housing units in the area, and spatial accessibility quality. However, the understanding of urban kampong's spatial configuration related to the vulnerability degree of fire hazards is limited. The purpose of this study is to identify the vulnerability of urban kampong structures related to fire evacuation. Penggilingan Sub-district of East Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta, and its surrounding area were selected as a case study to represent high-density urban kampong with high fire hazards events. The space syntax analysis is utilized as a tool to analyse the main indicators of spatial vulnerability: connectivity, mean depth, and integration of the area. Connectivity affects the easiness of evacuation during a fire disaster. Meanwhile, integration and mean depth affect the level of accessibility. The correlation of connectivity and integration implies an intelligibility degree that is a supporting parameter of wayfinding. It is identified that several areas in Penggilingan Sub-district are vulnerable to fire in the aspect of evacuation because of their low connectivity and accessibility. The result of this study can be developed as a basis for evacuation planning and fire safety management in the urban dense kampong.

This paper aims to strengthen the sustainability related to the water management system in an educational building, an integrated teaching and laboratory building in Universitas Indonesia. It provides recommendations to improve the water management system in the building in achieving the sustainable aspects of the local context. Water needs continuously increase due to population growth and rapid development, which require good water management. Water management is an activity in controlling water resources to use the water effectively and efficiently by minimizing damage to the environment and nature. Water is a natural resource that is very important for the survival of living things, so water for sustainable development should achieve sustainable access. Include sufficient quantities of water, of acceptable quality, at affordable prices to meet the needs of human society while maintaining the integrity of the hydrological cycle and the associated ecosystems. This paper used qualitative approaches carried out by collecting data through interviews, field observations and documents collection. The result of this study indicated that there are potentials to improve water management in the building. Optimizing the use of natural resources that exist in the building environment can strengthen the water management performance towards sustainability.

Building sector contributes 40% of total energy consumption. In line with this, passive design strategy should be taken as an essential consideration to bring occupants comfort both thermally and visually. Besides, related to human health, one of the factors that the designer is encouraged to fulfill is the proportional amount of daylight that penetrates the building's room. The passive strategy to optimize the daylight performance can be approached both from the building orientation and the shading system. This paper will computationally compare the different shading systems from vertical and horizontal louver, perforated metal sheets, and expanded metal shading, aiming to investigate the desirable shading-related design solution for the given condition. The simulated room is virtually situated in three different sun positions: Birmingham, United Kingdom, Jakarta, Indonesia, and Sydney, Australia. The metrics used in this experiment are Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). The Rhinoceros and Grasshopper were used to model the intended simulated room, while Ladybug and Honeybee were used to undergo environmental analysis. The results show that the vertical louver LV performs better in the three regions than the rest three compared shading. The experiment results are expected to give an overview which of which is fit for the situation.

Urban development causes changes in urban land cover and use as well as the thermal environment, which is indicated by increasing air temperature. As reported by many researchers, the physical aspect of urban areas plays an important role in the intensity of urban heat islands. This study examines urban heat island mitigation technology in urban areas in big cities in various countries. Identification of UHI mitigation technology consists of the role of geometry and building materials. We discuss the role of factors in any spatial pattern, shape, and density condition. The most studied geometric aspects are density, H/W ratio (urban canyon), and orientation. While the most studied material factors are pavements, roofs, facades, soft-scape materials in gardens, and vegetation. We confirm that urban geometric aspects affect the rate of solar radiation gain and wind effects. In comparison, material elements affect the absorption of solar radiation and the degree of reflection. This coupling factor mainly affects the temperature intensity of urban areas.

Public libraries have a function as a place of activity for its visitors. Activities performed at this facility require excellent comfort, including spatial comfort, visual comfort, thermal comfort, and most importantly audial comfort. Currently, micro libraries are starting to appear as public libraries in urban parks, among other things, to increase public interest in reading and provide educational space for underprivileged communities. The various activities that occur around and in the urban park produce noise which of course disturbs the micro library in it. This research focuses on the Bima Microlibrary located in Taman Bima, as a prototype micro library designed by SHAU Architecture and Urbanism. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method by measuring the noise level that occurs in the object of study. Through this research, it is known that the noise level that occurs in the object of study reaches a very high and uncomfortable level. Therefore, this research also recommends engineering that can be done for the study object to attain audial comfort. It is hoped that the results of this study can encourage designers to pay more attention to audial comfort for educational facilities, especially those built in public areas, such as micro libraries.

The multipurpose hall is a multifunctional place, this building is usually used to fulfil public/public activities such as meeting or as an indoor sports room. To carry out these activities, of course, it is necessary to have comfortable conditions so that the activities in them can run well, one form of comfort is the availability of natural lighting in the room. In addition to saving energy expended on buildings, natural lighting aims to provide visual comfort for the people inside. In order to get optimal lighting, it must meet the applicable standards and have been regulated in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This study examines the availability and feasibility of natural lighting and the level of visual comfort in the Multipurpose Hall of the Imbanagara Raya Ciamis Village Head Office. The research method used is a quantitative method obtained from the help of the Dialux Evo 10.0 simulation software. The data obtained will be adjusted to the lighting standards from SNI. After doing the synthesis, it is known that the Multipurpose Hall building lacks natural lighting, therefore a recommendation will be given in the form of using Skylights, so that the building gets natural lighting in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI).

Daylight is one of the variables in measuring the Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) of buildings. Optimizing daylighting in design will benefit the health of building occupants and also potentially contribute to energy saving. Most of the low-cost apartment buildings have a problem in providing daylight for the habitable space. This paper investigates the daylight performance of low-cost apartment buildings based on the space configuration. This study used two bed-rooms low-cost apartments (36 square meters) as a simulation model. Three building types used in this simulation are 1) The general typology, 2) The government typology, and 3) The alternative typology. This study used DIALux 9.1 software to simulate the daylight performance in a Low-cost apartment building. The simulation results are analysed and compared with the natural lighting standard for the building (SNI 03-6575-2001). The study shows that the alternative building type provides the best daylight performance in terms of an average levels of illuminance and distribution.

Mosque's primary function as a sanctuary place for Muslim communities is to accommodate large numbers of worshipers in the first place. This primary function then developed over time, requiring the mosque to be used as a place of worship and for various social activities both horizontally and vertically. Unfortunately, this development makes the initial concept of lighting supporting the atmosphere of worship facilities unable to provide visual comfort for users who use the mosque to study. This research paper aims to investigate artificial lighting designing the main room of the male worshiper at the Al-Furqon Mosque, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, to provide visual comfort for non-religious activities such as reading and writing. This study used a quantitative descriptive method, which explores how artificial lightning influences visual comfort. The data was collected by collecting actual data in the location, questionnaire, analysing, and interpreting them through a quantitative inductive method to determine the level of visual comfort. The result indicated that the size of the light in the room was still far below the standard of visual comfort. Furthermore, active users in the main room of male worshipers felt that the artificial lighting was inadequate for other activities, including scientific studies, tahsin and tahfidz activities (reading and memorizing Quran), mentoring, and group study.

This research investigates the level and distribution of natural lighting based on the orientation of the openings in the laboratory room in the educational building at a university in Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The building was built using a green building approach. This building has several functions, two of which are the Basic Chemistry Lab and Biomedical Lab, which are located on the 8th floor of the educational building. This study addresses the questions, which laboratory room has the highest level of natural light in terms of the orientation of its openings? How is the distribution of natural lighting in these two laboratory rooms? On-site measurement was conducted to determine the natural light levels in laboratory rooms and building performance simulation software was used to investigate the distribution of natural lighting throughout the room. The results show that the level of natural lighting in the Basic Chemistry Lab (openings on the north side) and in the Biomedical Lab (openings on the south side) is similar, depends on the time and the sun position. The distribution of natural lighting in both laboratory rooms is not evenly distributed. To meet lighting needs, it is therefore the use of the distribution of natural light in the two rooms that needs to be adjusted.

Limited land available in big capital cities makes building development change from horizontal into vertical one. High demand for living space along with high-density population causes carbon emissions from electricity used for lighting and cooling increasing as well. This research is trying to invent vertical housing design concept that responsive into environment, especially Bengkulu City, as the solution and alternative for living space that low in energy used. Organic analogy was used as a method to conduct natural principles of Australian Pinecone into apartment design. Pinecone physical appearance and the structure of Pinecone transversal section were interpreted as an apartment plan configuration and exterior design of the building. First, the transversal section of Pinecone structure that consists of seed, wing, and axis, were interpret as an apartment plan configuration, which is the balcony area, apartment unit, and corridor. Next, the spike shape of Pinecone scale inspires angular shape on the outer side area of apartment floor plan and the façade as well. There are three alternatives from design process iteration that later being analyzed using Sefaira simulation to find energy use in the building. Result showed that apartment building design that use a lot of Pinecones principle analogy has lower energy consumption, which is 63 KWh/year/m2. This number is still under the average energy use intensity for apartment building in Indonesia. Nevertheless, there are still some limitations and minus point on the final design that can be further research in the future.

BIM utilization for energy simulation efficiency is increasing in Indonesia. BIM itself is one of the methods for carrying out building energy efficiency because it has dimensional features that can create collaborative work processes efficiently. This paper aims to describe BIM and building energy workflows in the design process and see the trend of BIM utilization in Indonesia, especially in the architectural design process. The methodology of this paper is a survey by online questionnaire for BIM stakeholders to make an overview of to what extent construction industry stakeholders have utilized BIM in Indonesia, especially in the design phase especially in building energy simulation. The BIM workflow that is integrated into building energy calculations can make the energy-oriented building design process. In addition, it can provide exciting and informative diagrams for the calculation of embodied energy will make it easier to understand the building energy by building construction stakeholders. In the final analysis of this paper, which is the hypothesis model of problem and solution of BIM utilization in Indonesia, there are 4 main problems and solutions according to the analysis of the questionnaire result: Flexibility and Collaboration, Technical Skill Problem and Training, BIM Management Data, and Low-Cost BIM. BIM utilization in Indonesia is still limited, especially in its use to analyze and mitigate building energy.

Standard brick walls have caused a gradual increase in the area's temperature due to the bricks' emissivity. Therefore, several effective technologies to overcome this problem have been proposed, one of which is thermal insulation by covering the outer walls of bricks from exposure to sunlight. This study compares thermal insulation effectiveness with Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement (GRC) and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) material to obtain better insulations. This study is performed by modeling the area of 4 housing units using ENVI-met V4 in a humid tropical climate, focused in an east-west direction in a clear sky. Each building measures eight times 6 m2, with 4 meters in height, with a distance between buildings of 3 meters. GRC and EPS are affixed to the entire surface of the outer wall of the building, both on the east side and west sidewalls. The parameter observed is the wall surface temperature. The results showed that walls with GRC and EPS gave more effective results in lowering the surface temperature of brick walls, with values ranging from 8-23%. The use of insulation intervention on the east wall at 06.00-12.00 and the west wall at 13.00-18.00 shows higher accumulated surface temperature than the standard brick wall at peak hours, which means that the insulation material controls solar radiation. However, the phenomenon on the east wall at 12.00-07.00 and the west wall at 18.00-13.00 shows a controlled temperature above the surface temperature when using a standard brick wall.

Ledok Timoho is one of urban kampung that lays along Gadjahwong riverbank-Yogyakarta city. Urban Kampung is a significant urban area to be studied because it contains the adaptation process of urban people in Indonesian context. Ledok Timoho also has that significant value and has tended to be stable since the beginning, developed as an informal settlement in the 2000s. Visually, the general condition of urban kampung expressed on Ledok Timoho such as high density, limited space, and growth in disaster-prone sites. On the other hand, Ledok Timoho also expresses the ability to organize its environment with green spaces. This uniqueness demonstrates the capacity to survive and to adapt their planning on their site. However, the site is not included in KOTAKU program, so the society could not submit any proposals to improve their living environment because they settled on abandoned private property. Therefore, they should find an alternative approach to prove that Ledok Timoho has significance in values for urban kampung Yogyakarta. The local genius of Ledok Timoho is naturally discovered and applied by the community, which means that there is resilience value that should be explored by a measurable method. The research will use a questionnaire with open-ended, close-ended, and Likert scale questions to collect data from the community. The data will be abstracted with the SPSS program, using Principle Component Analysis to measure and generate the genetic distance and the relation between aspects and variables of the questionnaire. The PCA result will be used as workshop material with inhabitants to structure the rationale reason of Ledok Timoho's resilience. The result of the study is a set of resilience principles that generally can be used broadly in the urban kampung context. It also can be an alternative reason to attract government attention so that the community has an alternative solution for their settlements by proven the resilience that seen from their ability to keep their independence, environment, social cohesion, and micro-financial.

Placemaking is the process of creating a place, with space and users as the main elements, and aims to increase the value of a place. Along with developments of technology especially the digitalization of architecture, the adjustment of the process of creating a place becomes an issue that deserves attention in the field of architecture. Therefore, the term digital placemaking was born as a form of adaptation to the existence of digital interventions on placemaking. This paper aims to determine the role of digital technology in creating a place (placemaking) with an architectural context and knowing the development of design products as a result of technological developments related to placemaking. The methods used in this research are quantitative and qualitative. A Likert scale scoring method is used in the quantitative method to classify the sub-aspects that meet and do not meet the placemaking parameters. The qualitative method used is a grounded theory of the respondents' open questions which are then packaged in a descriptive discussion. The findings of this study indicate that the level of placemaking fulfilment through digital interventions can be achieved and has the potential to be applied in Indonesia. This is shown by the achievement of the placemaking parameter from a case study of digital placemaking applications in the City of Dreams, Macau. All sub-aspects from the aspects of sociability, uses and activities, as well as access and linkages, meet the placemaking parameter. Almost all sub aspects of comfort and image fulfill the placemaking parameter, except for the sub-historic and green aspects.

Walkability is a component of a liveable city; then, a liveable city will be able to improve the quality of life and encourage sustainable urban activities. There are two main aspects of forming a walkable city, namely the physical aspect and non-physical aspects. Bandung City Station is the epicenter of the movement pattern of the city, both seen in the macroscope and micro areas. This area has grown and developed beyond its capacity, giving rise to a motorized vehicle-oriented environment. This creates a lot of city problems. Some of them are areas that are not pedestrian-friendly. This study aims to design a pedestrian-friendly Bandung City Station area based on walkable city principles using Urban Network Analysis (UNA) as an analytical tool. Urban network analysis (UNA) is a software toolbox in ArcGIS software that can be used to describe spatial relationships in a built environment network. Spatial relationships include circulation routes, roads or connecting infrastructure, and building functions. As approached quantitatively, UNA predicts travel volume, route choice, and assessment of infrastructure utilization so that people can walk and cycle comfortably. The results of the UNA simulation show that the spatial characteristics of the region (urban design elements) influence pedestrian movement patterns. Land use and mass intensity of buildings and regional circulation patterns influence the accessibility index (reach index, gravity index, and straightness index) of a region. While the block pattern, the character of the building, and the character of the road network influence the number of trips in a corridor or intersection (betweenness index) and determine the level of isolation of a building (closeness index). By elaborating the results of the UNA analysis with city design elements, this study can determine the effect of urban design elements on pedestrian movement patterns and how planning and design can create a walkable environment.

Covid 19 pandemic affected learning methods from offline to online. All parties involved in learning need to make various adaptations so that the learning process can run effectively. Students are required to focus on education at home (School from Home/SFH). The architectural learning method prioritizes practice in designing called Studio Class. It causes problems when it comes to changing the learning method online. Place of residence also plays an essential role. When they are SFH, the students live in private houses, rented houses, and boarding houses. The purpose of this study is to determine whether characteristics of the learning room environment (thermal, lighting, and audial) in the living space have a major impact on the success of SFH learning. This study employs quantitative research to ascertain the variables affecting environmental comfort through online questionnaire data. The thermal element is determined to have the greatest impact on overall comfort. Audial comfort is critical in breaking students' concentration when performing studio exercises. In general, students who live in boarding houses do not feel disruption from surrounding noise, however students who live in private homes do.

This study is conducted to identify spatial patterns of traditional villages in Indonesia, especially the Sundanese traditional villages using the space syntax approach. The indicator of the spatial pattern was measured by the quality of circulation such as connectivity, integration, choice, mean depth, connectivity of visibility, and agent analysis. Kampung Naga, Kampung Ciptagelar, and Kampung Dukuh was purposively selected as case studies. The spatial maps from open-source literature were utilized for space syntax analysis. The scale of circulation quality was measured in a 0-5 scale, which was visualized by dark blue (very low) until red colour (very high) for the indicators. In general, all case studies have relatively low accessibility and very low choice and agent analysis indicators. This means those villages have an exclusive and private spatial pattern. In detail, Kampung Dukuh has relatively high connectivity, mean depth, and connectivity of visibility indicators than other case studies. It can also be influenced by the proximity of the village to the nearest town. Sundanese traditional villages have fairly segregated spatial, that is to conserve their norms, such as hierarchy and social status.

Ensure access for all to adequate, safe, and affordable housing and basic services is one of the targets for achieving SDGs goal 11, which should be realized by 2030. This study aims to examine the achievement of SDGs target 11.1 in two national metropolitan areas located in West Java, Indonesia, namely the Bodebekjur Urban Area and the Greater Bandung Urban Area. This study used secondary data from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, then processed and analysed through a descriptive-quantitative approach. Furthermore, the data compared to the sectoral target of housing adequacy in the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024 as the national tools in achieving the SDGs. Based on the 2016-2020 time-series data, the results showed that the Bodebekjur urban area on average had higher achievements of national SDGs target 11.1 rather than Greater Bandung urban areas. In addition, the lowest achievement indicator in both urban areas that should be considered is the access to safe drinking water. Other indicators that need concern in achieving national targets of SDGs target 11.1 in the Greater Bandung urban area are sufficient living areas and access to sanitation.

Industry especially construction industry has been growing fast throughout the country since the reformation era. Such condition is considered to be conducive for improving Indonesia economy growth for people welfare. On the other side it is still considered to be high-cost economy, caused by large area condition of Indonesia. The high cost is a result of energy consumed during extraction, processing, transportation of raw materials. The condition getting increase significantly year by year, therefore it's a must to evaluate construction industry, for reducing energy consumption in macro and micro level. The research objective is to get transforming vernacularism principles into current construction Indonesia, which can be affordable housing in Indonesia, within a large area. The scope of method is an evaluation of vernacular's industrialized building principles, in various Sunda kampung adat (indigenous kampongs). The implementation of custom rules in macro level, and local oriented industry in micro level, respect to environment sustainability. Such vernacular principles approach of Kampung adat is hoped to be able for giving model of affordable housing, in the context of environment sustainability, also contribute smart condition for better human being life.

Currently, there are standards for planning of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas. These standards are published by various research institutions and governments in various developed countries. In Indonesia, the standard for planning for transit-oriented areas usually refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning (ATR) number 16 of 2017 concerning Guidelines for the Development of Transit Oriented Areas. The research aims to find an instrument to assess the proposed development of a city area into a TOD area. There are currently many proposals for the development of the TOD area in Greater Jakarta and other big cities in Indonesia, because several areas around the planned mass public transport station are suitable to be developed as a TOD area. The construction of the MRT and LRT lines is the trigger for this development. The local government will be assisted by instrument in the process of evaluating the proposed TOD area plan, whether it will comply with the rules of a transit-oriented area. The research begins by selecting a series of TOD area design criteria that are suitable to economic, social, and climatic conditions in Indonesia. The selected criteria were tested by using the space syntax method to assess the existing areas that were planned to be developed. The results of the assessment of the existing area are then compared with the assessment of the area according to the proposed plan.

This paper aims to develop design guidelines in the architectural design process, especially for developing new facilities in the hospital complex, which is optimized by using existing buildings transformed into a new function. A specific approach for the adaptive re-use technique will help find a comprehensive method and efficiency of construction budgeting. This paper will discuss changes and developments for providing space for specific healthcare treatment facilities that are always developing every time as long as the hospital still stands, besides developing services or specific treatment for a specific disease for improving healthcare services. To answer hospital design and development, which can be adapted for every development, we can also develop adaptive re-use technique as one of the alternatives for accommodating fulfilling the need for new functions or adding new treatment facilities in the existing hospital. Existing buildings can be transformed into new functions with minimum editing or retrofitting procedures, so the existing building can extend the duty for accommodating building functions. This technique is also to save the budget for construction of the new building, for at least use the existing structure as a basic start and find out for optimum re-adjustment in other parts of buildings components to fit new function. The case study took at RSUP Dr. Kariadi Hospital, which transformed from an existing regular ward into a psychiatric ward with specific requirements in inpatient facilities. The result of the research can be used as a guide in the design process for developing the new function in hospital buildings that fulfills the efficiency of the construction budget. A specific approach to the design model will help find a comprehensive design method.

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted changes in services and work systems in hospitals worldwide, including Indonesia. The Indonesian Ministry of Health's policy calls for hospitals to accept Covid-19 patients, requiring hospital management to adjust in the design of their facilities. This study aims to examine the changes made before receiving and while treating Covid-19 patients, considering the contagious character of the disease. It focuses on the hospital's inpatient installation that chambers infected patients for a certain duration of time. The research was carried out by comparing before-after hospital plan documents and conducting interviews with hospital management along with a field survey to Rumah Sakit Khusus Ginjal (RSKG) Nyonya Habibie in Bandung. Changes reviewed include those related criteria sourced from guides and regulations mentioning standards of Covid-19 inpatient facilities. These criteria, divided into two aspects— zoning-circulation paths and ventilation-air circulation – are the basis of quantitative evaluation, using Likert scale. The result of this phase is to find whether alterations done are enough to meet the newly set standards for Covid-19 inpatient installation and be able to reduce the chance of transmission.

Disposable diaper recycling has become a major focus in several countries due to environmental concerns. As for overcoming the problem of recycling technology, the use of diaper waste as a material for concrete can be an easier and cheaper option. Although the use of waste disposable diapers as concrete composite material is still very limited, several studies have shown positive results. The addition of disposable diapers to concrete has increased internal curing hydration, improve strength and durability. However, the problem of strength remains a major issue to the development of this concrete. Previous studies concluded that the addition of diapers to concrete is only a maximum of 5%. To further enhance its workability, the addition of a rice husk-based superplasticizer as a concrete admixture was studied in this paper. The variants of the mix design are the addition of disposable diapers of 5% and 10%, with and without superplasticizer. The results show that the addition has no significant impact to reduce compressive strength compared to normal concrete but enhances its workability and mechanical properties. The result increases compressive strength to 4.4% - 6.9% and increases slump value to 2 - 3 times. The result also indicated the variants utilization of disposable diaper concrete for the infrastructure industry.

The small type of landed housing with limited living space (compact living space) has been vastly growing in several of Indonesia's regency areas, such as in Karawang. However, despite those limited spaces, the house's role as a hub of family interaction must be preserved. The suggested method to improve the quality of occupant interaction is by applying visual stimuli elements. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the potential placement of a visual stimulus using Karawang's small housing type as a case study. The primary analysis was processed using the isovist of space syntax approach and focused on Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA). The result shows that the veranda and the transitional area, which intersect with the entrance, have the best visibility value from the living room as the communal space. Those areas are identified as the best placement for visual stimuli. Based on this study, it is suggested for the designer and occupier to organize the veranda area, the transitional area along the side of the living room, and their surrounding walls, using visual stimuli (such as colour, furnishing, or decorations) to get quality family interaction.

Bekasi city is one of the largest Jakarta's satellite cities that is experiencing population growth very quickly, especially in Bantargebang district. Bantargebang has the most population growth rate and is considered as slums as the Landfill Disposal located there. Bekasi is geographically located in the lowlands and experiences a massive growth in industrial and residential activities throughout the year, causing an increase in the temperature of the microclimate in which makes people feel thermally uncomfortable living there. This paper describes the design process of Low-Cost-Apartment (Rusunawa) with Tropical Architecture approach to answer the problem of thermal comfort. This research was conducted by analyzing the impact of application of Tropical Architecture such as building orientation, building configurations, building coverage, vegetations, openings, and materials to create a more comfortable place for living. The design process of these indicators is based on building simulations such as SunHour, CFD (Computational Fluid Design), and RayMan Tools to obtain the ideal design. This paper presents the usage of sunshading on the top 2 floors of each tower, specifically at the north side, and the building configuration with various level of height on each towers to help maximize the air flow within the site in order to reach thermal comfort. From simulations with these three tools, it can be concluded that the thermal comfort can be reached with the application of Tropical Architecture.

Current house setup presents inadequacies of flexibility that bring into unsuitable situation, which examine resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing restrictions cause residents to carry out all activities inside the house, including Architecture students. Creativity as an attitude that is needed by Architecture students' needs to be maintained even if online learning is implemented. This research was conducted on Pradita University students who had experienced architectural studio learning activities, during the protocol period for maintaining the established distance learning. The previous study is adaptation has occurred with layout modifications to residential during the pandemic, further presumption that the house can become resilient by learning process and self-organization process to produce a creative environment. The research method uses direct observation by assigning the respondents themselves as observers who report the observations. The results indicate that space as "a process manifestation" is present in all respondent area in their house. While the space as "social dimension" and "knowledge repository" are held by most of the respondents. Meanwhile, space as "an indicator of culture" and "source of stimulation" was only raised by half of respondents. This paper aims to investigate the implementation of creative space in residential homes. The research results are expected to be used for improving housing providers so as residents can carry out self-organization as a resilience architecture.

Since the establishment of the Low-Carbon Model Town (LCMT) Task Force in 2010, many projects have been conducted by Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and one of them was held in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. In 2017, a Feasibility Study as a dissemination program of LCMT APEC was carried out in Banda Aceh, one of the volunteer towns proposed by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource because of the readiness of the city government to develop the city. Banda Aceh government has committed to be an energy conscious and greenest city in Indonesia by 2034, with several policies and action plans made, although the low carbon concept was not explicitly explained and stated. However, there are several findings from the feasibility study conducted that indicated a difference between the readiness of Banda Aceh city government and its community, especially the residential buildings users. This study is conducted to find out whether the government's efforts and vision to implement the low carbon concept are in line with the awareness or knowledge possessed by local residents. Three steps were carried out as the methodology of this study, including literature study from APEC Low-Carbon Town Indicator (LCT-I), secondary data analysis from programs, policies and action plans prepared by city government, and survey through questionnaire to the local residents in four locations. The result then examines the readiness of the people in Banda Aceh and later on determines which LCT principles are suitable for Banda Aceh city, particularly for residential areas. Based on the study, the supply is one of the concerns, as the untapped and renewable energy is still underutilized. While the government plan and social dissemination has been held through several projects/regulations, the practice of Banda Aceh's people at home in handling the energy usage has not reflected the energy saving principles.