Table of contents

The 2nd International Conference on Particle Physics and Astrophysics (ICPPA-2016) was held in Moscow, Russia, from October 10 to 14, 2016. The conference is organized by the National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI". The aim of the Conference is to promote contacts between scientists and to develop new ideas in fundamental research. We bring together experts and young scientists working on experimental and theoretical aspects of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics and cosmology.

The conference covers a wide range of topics such as accelerator physics, (astro) particle physics, cosmic rays, cosmology and methods of experimental physics: detectors and instruments. These directions are unified by development of the Standard Model which is evidently not complete. There are deviations from the Standard Model: neutrino oscillations, the dark matter existence. Together with strong interactions they are main subjects of the Conference.

New results from leading high energy physics collaborations are discussed. Main LHC experiments (ATLAS, CMS, ALICE) presented their results and detector upgrade prospects on the conference. Various aspects of Standard Model testing and search for new phenomena are main subjects of the conference. Among them: flavor physics at B factories, precision multi-boson production measurements, dark matter searches.

Electroweak interaction was discussed in the talks given by participants of neutrino physics experiments (Borexino, Neutrino-4, SOX, T2K and others). Enigmatic properties of neutrinos such as their tiny masses, oscillations between different neutrino types, cannot be explained in frame of the modern theory and require new approaches. Properties of neutrinos influenced the formation of the large-scale structure of the Universe and may be neutrinos are partially responsible for the excess of matter over anti-matter. Also our current challenge is the nature of the Dark matter. Many opportunities arise with the development of neutrino detection technologies comprising: measurements of neutrinos from the Sun, measurements of geo-neutrino from the deep interior of the Earth, detecting neutrino fluxes from supernovae and different astrophysical sources. They were the subject of discussion which have been held at the conference. Neutrino physics experiments make huge demands to technologies like ultra-high precision measurements, huge detector size, excellent reliability and ultra-low radioactive background.

Acknowledgments

We are thankful to Anotonova M M, Buzhan P Zh, Gurov Yu B, Vdovkina S S, Zherebtsova E S, Esipova E A, Kovylyaeva A A, Kozlov E S, Koshelenko D D, Matveev N A, Mayorov A G, Nigmatkulov G A, Novikov A S, Svadkovsky I V, Smirnov Yu S, Voronov S A and Yurin K O for the assistance in organizing the conference and heavy work on proceedings.

Conference organizers would like to express their gratitude to the TFT company (supply and maintenance of CAEN equipment, delivery of equipment and components for scientific research) for their support.

1. Issue: Cosmic rays

Arkady Galper – MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Anatoly Petrukhin – MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

2. Issue: Nuclear and heavy ion physics

Arkady Taranenko – MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Ilya Selyuzhenkov – GSI - Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH (DE)

– MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

3. Issue: Particle physics

Mikhail Skorokhvatov – National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia

– MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Sergey Rubin – MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

4. Issue: Workshop «Detectors. Applications and development's trends.»

Valery Dmitrenko – MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Yuri Gurov – MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

We reanalysed the archival X-ray observations of double system AE Aquarii, obtained using orbital observatories «XMM-Newton» and «Chandra» in 2001 and 2005 respectively. We made an independent timing analysis with two numerical methods. Our result confirmed the presence of 33 s rotational period of white dwarf in the system. In addition, we confirmed that X-ray pulsations with a period of 16.5 s, which were detected in optical and UV ranges, absent in AE Aquarii spectrum. This may mean that the X-ray emission comes from one of the poles of white dwarf surface.

We briefly review contemporary extragalactic γ-ray propagation models. It is shown that the Extragalactic Magnetic Field (EGMF) strength and structure are poorly known. Strict lower limits on the EGMF strength in voids are of order 10⁻¹⁷ − 10⁻²⁰G, thus allowing a substantial contribution of a secondary component generated by electromagnetic cascades to the observable spectrum. We show that this "electromagnetic cascade model" is supported by data from imaging Cherenkov telescopes and the Fermi LAT detector.

Results of simultaneous imaging of the Crab Nebula in the radio (JVLA), optical (HST), and X-ray (Chandra) bands are presented. The images show a variety of small-scale structures, including wisps mainly located to the north-west of the pulsar and knots forming a ring-like structure associated with the termination shock of the pulsar wind. The locations of the structures in different bands do not coincide with each other.

The homogeneous subsample characteristics understanding is necessary for the investigation of any astrophysical objects redshift distribution, for example, gamma-ray bursts. The type Ia supernovae considered as a homogeneous subsample because of suggestion that these luminous events might be used as standard candles for cosmological measurements occurs since the earliest studies of supernovae in 1938. The parameters of our Metagalaxy Ω and Λ were determine due sample of Ia supernovae from the Supernova Cosmology Project analysis in 1998. Since then more than 4000 supernovae were added. The results of the redshift distribution analysis for supernova from the two catalogues (Asiago Supernova Catalogue and Open Supernova Catalog) are presented in this work. The ability to use an analyzed dataset as homogeneous subsample also is discussed

Unidentified EGRET sources from 3EG catalog have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis has shown at least 23 of these sources coincide with those in 3FGL Fermi catalogue within 1, 2 and 3 sigma error intervals of the coordinates and fluxes. Their properties are discussed in the presented work. Even 3-sigma difference allows supposing sources similarity because of more than 3-sigma distinctions in values of fluxes between identified EGRET sources and their Fermi counterparts. For instance, the coincidence between 3EG J1255-0549 and 3FGL J1256.1-0547 was reported in Fermi catalogues 1FGL, 2FGL, 3FGL. However, these sources fluxes (in units of 10⁻⁸ photons × cm⁻²× s⁻¹) in the energy band E > 100 MeV were 179.7 ± 6.7 (3EG), 44.711 ± 0.724 (3FGL), 53.611 ± 0.997 (2FGL) and 67.939 ± 1.861 (1FGL). Such effect was observed for sufficient portion of identified EGRET sources. It could cause by troubles of particles identification by Fermi/LAT trigger system. Very often charged particles recognized as gamma-quanta because of wrong backsplash analysis. Nevertheless, gammas counts as charged particles due analogous reason and rejected during ground data processing. For example, it appears as geomagnetic modulation presence on gamma-quanta count rate latitudinal profiles in energy band E > 20 MeV.

Self-consistent models describing the charged particle beam behavior in external magnetic field are presented. The model application to study the beam characteristics transformation in terrestrial magnetic field is discussed.

Firstly GRB duration distribution was analyzed on data of BATSE experiment onboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) operated from April 1991 until to June 2000. Usually two GRBs groups separated in duration distribution: short and long. These types of events are classified due to analysis of duration of interval where integrated counts from the GRB raising from 5% to 95% (t₉₀). The value t₉₀ ∼ 2s is used as boundary between short and long events. However, in 1999 third burst subgroup (intermediate GRBs) was found due to GRBs duration and duration-hardness distributions analysis of 4B current BATSE catalogue (recently available as 5B one) in time interval of 0.8 s ≤ t₉₀≤ 50 s. Since CGRO operation has finished, two satellite experiments GRBs catalogues BAT/Swift and GBM/Fermi contain the amount of bursts comparable with 4B current BATSE catalogue and it is sufficient for duration distribution precision investigation. The results of these distributions analysis are discussed. It allows concluding the appearance of intermediate GRB subgroup on data of three experiments: BATSE/CGRO, BAT/Swift and GBM/Fermi.

One of the most interesting properties of astrophysical jets is they propagation on the distances, which are many times greater than their diameters. Physical processes being in the basis of that behavior are not clearly understood by us. In addition, the majority of astrophysical parameters cannot be measured and stay unknown. It complicates a verification of any theoretical models. Using of Z-pinch facilities allows to carry out well controlled and well monitored experiments of laboratory jet investigation with the same scaling parameters as an astrophysical jets. Thereby we are able to observe processes, which are unobtainable for direct astronomical observations. Because of a large nonlinearity of the problem the creating of analytical theory, as a rule, is limited to some qualitative assessments. Therefore numerical simulations play a huge role for studying of dynamics of jets propagation. In this work results of numerical calculations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations, which describe jet propagation in PF-3 laboratory facility, are presented. We have made conclusions about parameters, influencing on collimated jet moving through ambient plasma. Differences of dynamics between single jet and continuous flow of matter have been discussed.

The present status of scientific data acquisition system (SDAQ) developed by SRISA for the GAMMA-400 space gamma-ray telescope mission is presented. SDAQ provides the collection of the data from telescope detector subsystems (up to 100 GB per day), the preliminary processing of scientific information and its accumulation in mass memory, transferring the information from mass memory to the satellite radio line for its transmission to the ground station, the control and monitoring of the telescope subsystems. SDAQ includes special space qualified chipset designed by SRISA and has scalable modular net structure based on fast and high-reliable SerialRapidIO 1.25 Gbit/s interface.

The article provides a detailed description of the series of special radiation-hardened microprocessor developed by SRISA for use in space technology. The microprocessors have 32-bit and 64-bit KOMDIV architecture with embedded SpaceWire, RapidIO, Ethernet and MIL-STD-1553B interfaces. These devices are used in space telescope GAMMA-400 data acquisition system, and may also be applied to other experiments in space (such as observatory "Millimetron" etc.).

Fermi-LAT has made a significant contribution to the study of high-energy gamma-ray diffuse emission and the observation of ∼3000 discrete sources. However, one third of all gamma-ray sources (both galactic and extragalactic) are unidentified, the data on the diffuse gamma-ray emission should be clarified, and signatures of dark matter particles in the high-energy gamma-ray range are not observed up to now. GAMMA-400, currently developing gamma-ray telescope, will have the angular (∼0.01° at 100 GeV) and energy (∼1% at 100 GeV) resolutions in the energy range of 10-1000 GeV better than the Fermi-LAT (as well as ground gamma-ray telescopes) by a factor of 5-10 and observe some regions of the Universe (such as Galactic Center, Fermi Bubbles, Crab, Cygnus, etc.) in the highly elliptic orbit (without shading the telescope by the Earth) continuously for a long time. It will permit to identify many discrete sources, to clarify the structure of extended sources, to specify the data on the diffuse emission, and to resolve gamma rays from dark matter particles.

The GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope is designed to measure the gamma-ray fluxes in the energy range from ∼20 MeV to ∼1 TeV, performing a sensitive search for high-energy gamma-ray emission when annihilating or decaying dark matter particles. Such measurements will be also associated with the following scientific goals: searching for new and studying known Galactic and extragalactic discrete high-energy gamma-ray sources (supernova remnants, pulsars, accreting objects, microquasars, active galactic nuclei, blazars, quasars). It will be possible to study their structure with high angular resolution and measuring their energy spectra and luminosity with high-energy resolution; identify discrete gamma-ray sources with known sources in other energy ranges. The major advantage of the GAMMA-400 instrument is excellent angular and energy resolutions for gamma rays above 10 GeV. The gamma-ray telescope angular and energy resolutions for the main aperture at 100-GeV gamma rays are ∼0.01% and ∼1%, respectively.

The motivation of presented results is to improve physical characteristics of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope in the energy range of ∼20-100 MeV, most unexplored range today. Such observations are crucial today for a number of high-priority problems faced by modern astrophysics and fundamental physics, including the origin of chemical elements and cosmic rays, the nature of dark matter, and the applicability range of the fundamental laws of physics. To improve the reconstruction accuracy of incident angle for low-energy gamma rays the special analysis of topology of pair-conversion events in thin layers of converter performed. Choosing the pair-conversion events with more precise vertical localization allows us to obtain significantly better angular resolution in comparison with previous and current space and ground-based experiments. For 50-MeV gamma rays the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope angular resolution is better than 5⁰.

Timing large area plastic scintillation detectors are developing for the space gamma-ray telescopes now. For the in-flight calibration of these detectors the use of ultra-violet light-emitting diode, irradiating the 1 m long detector module at the center of its lateral side is suggested. The results of the measurements show the possibility of this calibration system implementation as for amplitude as for timing properties monitoring.

The timing large area plastic scintillation detectors with silicon photomultipliers as photosensors properties were investigated using a cosmic radiation at the ground level. Different techniques of the amplitude spectra and efficiency measurements were implemented. The measurements results are presented.

Scientific project GAMMA-400 (Gamma Astronomical Multifunctional Modular Apparatus) relates to the new generation of space observatories intended to perform an indirect search for signatures of dark matter in the cosmic-ray fluxes, measurements of characteristics of diffuse gamma-ray emission and gamma-rays from the Sun during periods of solar activity, gamma-ray bursts, extended and point gamma-ray sources, electron/positron and cosmic-ray nuclei fluxes up to TeV energy region by means of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope represents the core of the scientific complex. The system of triggers and counting signals formation of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope constitutes the pipelined processor structure which collects data from the gamma-ray telescope subsystems and produces summary information used in forming the trigger decision for each event. The system design is based on the use of state-of-the-art reconfigurable logic devices and fast data links. The basic structure, logic of operation and distinctive features of the system are presented.

Registered events identification procedures details in three apertures of gamma-telescope GAMMA-400 are discussed in the presented article for gammas, electrons/positrons and protons both in low and high energy bands. Gamma-telescope GAMMA-400 consists of the converter-tracker (C) surrounded by anticoincidence system, time-of-flight system (2 sections S1 and S2) and calorimeter. Anticoincidence system will make of top and lateral sections - ACtop and AClat, time-of-flight system TOF contain 2 segments S1 and S2. Calorimeter consists of position-sensitive calorimeter CC1 makes of 2 strips layers and 2 layers of CsI(Tl) detectors and electromagnetic calorimeter CC2 composed of CsI(Tl) crystals surrounded by plastic lateral detectors LD. Scintillation detectors of the calorimeter S3 and S4 placed correspondingly between CC1 and CC2 and after electromagnetic calorimeter. All segments of detector systems ACtop, AClat, S1-S4, LD composed of two BC-408 based sensitive layers thickness of 1 cm each. Events registration both from upper and lateral directions provides due three apertures: main, additional and lateral. GAMMA-400 parameters are optimized for detection of gamma-quanta with the energy ∼ 100 GeV in the main aperture. Gammas, electrons/positrons and protons recognition in main aperture provides due energy deposition analysis in individual detectors of ACtop, AClat, S1-S3 and CC1 individual scintillator detectors discriminators. Particles identification in the additional aperture supplied by study of energy deposition in the individual detectors S2, S3 and position-sensitive calorimeter individual scintillator detectors discriminators. In the lateral aperture low energy (0.2 - 100 MeV) photons classified by using simple anticoincidence signals from the individual detectors of LD and CC2. Higher energies γ-quanta (E>100 MeV) recognized using energy deposition analysis in the individual detectors of S3, S4, LD and CC2.

For measurements of particle fluxes with the PAMELA calorimeter within the wide angular range it is important to estimate some parameters (energy and angular resolution, acceptance, efficiency of particle registration and so on). The GEANT 4 simulation allowed to get values of such parameters. Here we present results of this simulation.

This paper is dedicated to study of the interrelation between gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin, associated with lightning discharges, and high-energy electron bursts registered in the near-Earth space below the radiation belt. The database of high-energy electron bursts in the energy range of 3-30 MeV obtained in ARINA and VSPLESK satellite experiments and the database of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes with energies up to 17 MeV registered by the NASA RHESSI satellite are used in the work. The results of the analysis of electron bursts and gamma ray flashes that coincide in time and located at the same L-shell are presented at this work.

Magnetic spectrometer PAMELA was launched onboard a satellite Resurs-DK1 into low-Earth polar orbit with altitude 350-600 km to study cosmic ray antiparticle fluxes in a wide energy range from ∼ 100 MeV to hundreds GeV. This paper presents the results of observations of temporal variations of the positron and electron fluxes in the 2006-2015. The ratio of the positron and electron fluxes below 2 GV shows sharp increasing since 2014 due to changing of the polarity of the solar magnetic field.

The paper presents the method of identification of low-energy antiprotons (up to ∼ 1 GV), stopped in the PAMELA calorimeter, which based on the analysis of the topology of the antiprotons and secondary charged mesons tracks produced in the process of its annihilation. Applying of this method to the experimental data will the results of magnetic analysis.

The PAMELA experiment on board the Resurs DK satellite was equipped with electromagnetic imaging calorimeter which comprises 44 silicon planes interleaved with 22 plates of tungsten absorber (total depth 16,3X0). High granularity of calorimeter allows an accurate spatial reconstruction of the shower development. New method of separation of electrons and protons based on single strip distribution outside of main particle track is discussed. Monte-Carlo simulation shows that by adding this method the proton rejection power of the instrument can be increased several times in energy range from 1 up to ∼200 GeV.

The sampling imaging electromagnetic calorimeter of ≈ 16.3 radiation lengths and ≈ 0.6 nuclear interaction length designed and constructed by the PAMELA collaboration as a part of the large magnetic spectrometer PAMELA. Calorimeter consists of 44 single-sided silicon sensor planes interleaved with 22 plates of tungsten absorber (thickness of each tungsten layer 0.26 cm). Silicon planes are composed of a 3 × 3 matrix of silicon detectors, each segmented into 32 read-out strips with a pitch of 2.4 mm. The orientation of the strips of two consecutive layers is orthogonal and therefore provides two-dimensional spatial information. Due to the high granularity, the development of hadronic showers can be study with a good precision.

In this work a Monte Carlo simulations (based on Geant4) performed using different available models, and including detector and physical effects, compared with the experimental data obtained on the near Earth orbit. Response of the PAMELA calorimeter to hadronic showers investigated including total energy release in calorimeter and transverse shower profile characteristics.

In this article we discuss the application of the bootstrap method for the large-scale cosmic rays anisotropy study in the PAMELA experiment with the calorimeter. This method was used to obtain the statistical uncertainties for the dipole phase and amplitude in the case when the collected in the experiment number of events was not sufficient enough for the direct observation of the anisotropy.

Simulation of the PAMELA spectrometer characteristics is performed with the special program accepted by the PAMELA collaboration based on Geant4 package, which needs a detailed information about geometry, materials etc. of scientific equipment. This data is taken from manufactures or obtained from different ground-based tests including accelerators. We propose a method of in-flight verification of calorimeter characteristics. To calculate them we select relativistic protons passing through all the spectrometer without interactions. We obtain correction values from a comparison of experimental data and simulation in assumption that electromagnetic processes are performed in Geant4 with high precision. As a result, characteristics of silicon detectors (the sensitive part) are verified. Correction factor is 2.0 ± 0.3% with respect to original value.

The fast multilayer scintillation detector of the new telescope-spectrometer for the ALFA-ELECTRON space experiment is in ground testing mode now. Modules of data control system for spectrometer are discussed. The structure of the main data format and functional blocks for data treatment are presented. The device will planned to install on the outer surface of the Russian Segment (RS) of the International Space Station (ISS) in 2018.

Analysis of experimental data of primary positrons and antiprotons fluxes obtained by PAMELA spectrometer, recently confirmed by AMS-02 spectrometer, for some reasons is of big interest for scientific community, especially for energies higher than 100 GV, where appearance of signal coming from dark matter particles is possible. In this work we present a method for verification of charge sign for high-energy antiprotons, measured by magnetic tracking system of PAMELA spectrometer, which can be immitated by protons due to scattering or finite instrumental resolution at high energies (so-called "spillover"). We base our approach on developing2 a set of distinctive features represented by differently computed rigidities and training AdaBoost classifier, which shows good classification accuracy on Monte-Carlo simulation data of 98% for rigidity up to 600 GV.

The solar relativistic protons are measured with the worldwide network of neutron monitors. The big pulses of relativistic protons appeared after the flares occurring in the West side of the Sun disk. They arrive to the Earth along Archimedean magnetic lines without collisions in ∼15 min after a flare. This prompt anisotropic flux contains information about the exponential ∼exp(−E/E₀) spectrum of protons ejected from the solar cosmic ray source. After delay of 15 - 20 min the proton flux becomes isotropic with power spectrum E^−γ where γ ∼ 5. Apparently, beam instability is developed. The protons accelerated in eastern flares can reach the neutron monitor due to diffusion across the magnetic lines. The magnetic field energy accumulation in the current sheet in the solar corona above the active region is proved by MHD simulations and the position of observed flare thermal X-ray source. During a flare the magnetic field energy is transferred into the particle energy. Proton acceleration up to relativistic energy can occur in the electric field applied along the singular line in a current sheet. The electric field E = -V×B/c is created due to the fast rate of reconnection V. At typical V = 2×10⁷ cm/s the measured spectrum coincides with the calculated spectrum.

An experiment for measuring the flux of gamma rays of cosmic origin with energy above 100 TeV is currently being prepared at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (the Carpet-3 experiment). The experiment performance will be accomplished after radical modernization of the existing array by substantially increasing areas of both the muon detector and ground level shower array. In this work some results of calculations of efficiency of the experiment for showers from primary gamma rays are presented for different configurations of the array. It is demonstrated that by increasing the muon detector area up to 615 m² (the maximum possible value) one can reach with Carpet-3 the world-best sensitivity to 100 TeV gamma rays. The preliminary values of upper limits on the flux of cosmic diffuse gamma rays with energy higher than 1.3 PeV are also presented, derived from experimental data of the Carpet-2 shower array for a net exposure time of 9.2 years.

The problem of physical interpretation of the nonlocal relativistic diffusion (NoRD model) for cosmic ray transport in the Galaxy is discussed. The model accounts for the turbulent character of the interstellar medium and the relativistic principle of the speed limitation. Involving fractional calculus and non-Gaussian Lévy statistics yields numerical results compatible with observation data. A special attention is paid to the knee problem. The relativistic speed limit requirement steepens theoretical background spectrum at certain energies, and the position of the break, its sharpness and slopes of asymptotes depend on D_α(E) and α.

This work is a methodical study of another option of the hybrid method originally aimed at gamma/hadron separation in the TAIGA experiment. In the present paper this technique was performed to distinguish between different mass groups of cosmic rays in the energy range 200 TeV – 500 TeV. The study was based on simulation data of TAIGA prototype and included analysis of geometrical form of images produced by different nuclei in the IACT simulation as well as shower core parameters reconstructed using timing array simulation. We show that the hybrid method can be sufficiently effective to precisely distinguish between mass groups of cosmic rays.

The possibility of the contribution from standard neutrino processes to the total secondary positron and antiproton fluxes detected by contemporary experiments is analyzed in details. The results show that the considered impact is negligible that confirms once more a necessity of application a new physics beyond the standard conceptions. The designed technique could be implied to the further studies that is extremely interesting in the light of the results of the recent experiments in high energy cosmic ray physics such as PAMELA and AMS-02.

In modern experimental physics a heterogeneous coordinate-sensitive calorimeters are widely used due to their good characteristics and possibilities to obtain a three-dimensional information of particles interactions. Especially it is important at high-energies when electromagnetic or hadron showers are arise. We propose a quit efficient method to identify antiprotons (positrons) with energies more than 10 GeV on electron (proton) background by calorimeter of such kind. We construct the AdaBoost classifier and SVM to separate particles into two classes, different combinations of energy release along reconstructed particle trajectory were used as feature vector. We test a preliminary version of the method on a calorimeter of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer. For high-energy particles we got a good quality of classification: it lost about 5 · 10⁻² of antiprotons, and less than 4 · 10⁻⁴ of electrons were classified to antiproton class.

The PAMELA detector was launched on June 15^th of 2006 on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite and during ten years of continuous data-taking it has observed very interesting features in cosmic rays, especially in the fluxes of protons, helium and electrons. Moreover, PAMELA measurements of cosmic antiproton and positron fluxes and positron-to-all-electron ratio have set strong constraints to the nature of Dark Matter. Measurements of boron, carbon, lithium and beryllium (together with the isotopic fraction) have also shed new light on the elemental composition of the cosmic radiation. Search for signatures of more exotic processes (such as the ones involving Strange Quark Matter) has also been pursued. Furthermore, over the years the instrument has allowed a constant monitoring of the solar activity and a prolonged study of the solar modulation, improving the comprehension of the heliosphere mechanisms. PAMELA has also measured the radiation environment around the Earth, and detected for the first time the presence of an antiproton radiation belt surrounding our planet. In this highlight paper PAMELA main results will be reviewed.

Discussion about sources of energetic particles - solar cosmic rays (SCRs), or solar energetic particles (SEPs) - emerging in the interplanetary space after an explosive energy release on the Sun lasts during more than 20 years. The main candidates for the SEP sources are a solar flare and a coronal mass ejection (CME). This paper briefly outlines the main observational results related to the problem of the SEP origin. Main focus is directed to the recently discovered manifestations of the sudden energy release on the Sun - long lasting high-energy solar gamma emission, new information on solar neutrons and THz radio emission. Actually, description of particle acceleration on the Sun appears to be even more complicated than it was believed earlier.

100 years of cosmic ray investigations have not led to understanding the mechanism of particles acceleration. The most popular acceleration mechanisms of cosmic ray considered in the theory are associated with shock waves. The discovery of sources of protons with energies up to 20 GeV, generated by the Sun (solar cosmic ray), gives us hope for the opportunity to clarify the mechanism of cosmic rays generation. The important information about the mechanism of proton acceleration in the Sun has been obtained from results by GOES of measurements. The association of a proton event with a particular flare is beyond doubt. The GOES measurements indicate the high-energy protons propagation without collisions from the flares that appeared on the western part of the solar disk. These protons move in the interplanetary space along helical magnetic field lines. The protons from flares on the back side of the Sun can also arrive to the Earth's magnetosphere along magnetic lines. The protons from eastern flares come to the Earth's magnetosphere with the solar wind velocity or due to diffusion across the magnetic lines.

The method of reconstruction of the cosmic ray deuteron spectra is presented in this work. The data from the international space-born PAMELA experiment was analyzed. Deuterons in the energy range from 100 to 600 MeV/nucleon were selected by modified multiparameter correlation technique. This method can be used for obtaining the instrumental energy spectrum of deuterons.

Recently, various diffusion regimes of ions and electrons in interplanetary magnetic field have been recognized from the data collected by different spacecrafts. Particularly for protons, superdiffusion and normal diffusion parallel to the mean magnetic field were declared, simulation also predicts transient superdiffusive behavior. We interpret parallel motion in terms of the one-dimensional tempered Lévy walk process and show that this representation is consistent with the experimental and simulated results.

A phenomenon in cosmic ray physics now called Forbush decrease (FD), or Forbush effect was discovered by S. Forbush in 1937 [1], it is a sudden decrease of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity near the Earth. However, despite of the long term investigations the nature of this phenomenon is still not completely understood. Today this effect is studied mostly by the neutron monitors and muon hodoscopes, which are located on the Earth's surface. But these monitors can detect only products of GCR interaction with the Earth atmosphere. Satellite detectors allow to obtain more accurate information about the characteristics of FD. Examples of FDs registered by the PAMELA telescope and observed with Oulu neutron monitor are presented. About 10 events with amplitude more than 3% have been registered from 2006 till 2016 with the PAMELA experiment.

This research is devoted to solar neutron search in the flux of the particles emitted by the Sun during solar flare by means of the neutron detector of the magnetic spectrometer PAMELA. The main objectives of our research were to study the background conditions in the Resurs-DK1 satellite orbit during the periods of quiet Sun and to develop the methods of solar neutron search in the flux of high-energy solar particles. The tasks of study were as the analysis of the neutron detector count rate during solar flares with possible generation of neutrons and the attempt to detect the stationary neutron flux from the Sun in weak flares. The analysis was carried out for 28 solar events when neutrons could be produced during the period from December 2006 till October 2015.

We consider a problem of estimation of relationship between scalar 2D fields using gradient measure and Jacobi sets. The gradient measure method is based on estimation of alignment of gradients in every point of fields. The Jacobi set is the set of critical points of the restrictions of one function to the intersection of level sets of the other functions. We present the results of a numerical experiment for the case of multifield containing two fields: geopotential height on isobaric level 300 hPa and total ozone column, under influence of disturbing factor — intensive solar proton events in January 2005. Estimation of interrelationship by gradient measure indicates strengthening of interaction between fields for period 16^th – 22^th January 2005. The estimation made by Jacobi sets computation also shown strengthening of relation between analysed fields during solar proton events.

Under this study we considered active region 09415 of the 23-rd cycle of solar activity which was observed with the 2D spatial resolution at three frequencies: 17 and 34 GHz with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) and 17 GHz with the Solar Siberian Radiotelescope (SSRT). We detected rapid development of a compact microwave source above the neutral line of the magnetic field of leading sunspot (NLS-source) few hours before the X-class flare. The position of this source is associated with the place of the maximum of magnetic field gradient at the photosphere.

Solar modulation of galactic protons with energies from 50 MeV up to dozens of GeV during July '06 - January '16 studied based on a data of the magnetic spectrometer PAMELA and scintillation spectrometer ARINA. This period is interesting because it covers the end of 23^rd and current 24^th cycles of solar activity, including the abnormally long transient period and change of the polarity of solar magnetic field.

We have studied some properties of the powerful solar flare of January 20, 2005 by methods of nuclear lines analysis. The results of temporal profiles investigation in corresponding to neutron capture energy bands allow the supposition about predominant acceleration of ³He ions in the corona, their subsequent propagation to the low chromosphere and the photosphere where the area of 2.223 MeV γ-line effective productions is located. The characteristics of accelerated ³He ions propagation processes and the basic explanation of observable properties of this solar flare due to the variations of ³He content are discussed in the presented article.

The results of the long-term investigations of very high energy extensive air showers with the calibration telescope system of the NEVOD experimental complex are presented. The top plane of the setup is used to register the electron EAS component in the primary particle energy range of 10¹⁴−10¹⁵ eV, while the bottom plane can register muon component in the primary energy range of 10¹⁶−10¹⁸ eV. Two independent reconstruction methods of the charged particle local density spectrum are considered. The effects of building construction and water pool on the measurement results were calculated using Geant4. The exponents of charged particles local density spectra are obtained for different energy ranges, and the presence of the second "knee" in the spectrum of the EAS muon component is confirmed. The results are compared with CORSIKA-based calculations and data from other setups.

The more accurate original calculations of the atmospheric vertical muon energy spectra at energies 10² - 10⁵ GeV have been carried out in terms of DPMJET and VENUS models. The Gaisser-Honda approximations of the measured energy spectra of primary protons, helium and nitrogen nuclei have been used. The package CORSIKA has been used to simulate cascades in the standard atmosphere induced by different primary particles with various fixed energies E. Statistics of simulated cascades for secondary particles with energies (0.01−1)·E was increased up to 10⁶. It has been shown that predictions of the DPMJET and VENUS models for these muon fluxes are below the data of the classical experiments L3 + Cosmic, MACRO and LVD by factors of ∼ 1.6-1.95 at energies above 10² GeV. It has been concluded that these tested models underestimate the production of the most energetic secondary particles, namely, π-mesons and K-mesons, in interactions of the primary protons and other primary nuclei with nuclei in the atmosphere by the same factors.

Investigations of cosmic rays on the surface of the Earth allow to derive information of applied character on the conditions of the interplanetary magnetic field and of the geomagnetic field. For this purpose, it is necessary to collate trajectories of particles detected in the ground-based detector to trajectories of primary cosmic rays in the heliosphere. This problem is solved by means of various back-tracking methods. In this work, one of such methods is presented.

Muon hodoscope URAGAN allows to obtain the angular distribution of the muon flux. This distribution may be characterized by a vector of local anisotropy (the sum of the vectors of the particle arrival directions, normalized to the total number of muons). It was shown that annual variations in the vertical projection of the anisotropy vector A_Z are not related with changes in atmospheric conditions. The dependence of A_Z on the index of the primary particles spectrum γ was calculated for several zenith angle intervals with the help of simulation of generation and propagation of secondary cosmic ray particles through the atmosphere using the CORSIKA package. Experimental temporal series of the vertical projection of the local anisotropy A_Z for several intervals of zenith angles were obtained for 2007-2015. According to the obtained A_Z time series, annual and diurnal changes of Δ_γ were estimated.

The description of the recording system of a new installation for registration of atmospheric neutrons (URAN array) which is created as a part of the experimental complex NEVOD is presented. The recording system is based on 12-bit ADC with a sampling frequency of 200 MHz and possibility to reduce a clock frequency to 1 MHz for detection of neutrons after their thermalization. The setup has an independent cluster structure. The URAN first stage includes 6 clusters of 12 detectors each located on the roofs of two buildings: complex NEVOD and its neighbor.

Change of the energy characteristics of muon bundles with an increase of the primary cosmic ray particles energy can be a key to solving the problem of muon excess in the extensive air showers (EAS) observed in a number of experiments. In this work the data on the energy deposit of multi-muon events in a wide range of zenith angles (and as a consequence in a wide range of primary particles energies) obtained with NEVOD-DECOR setup over a long time period are presented. The experimental data are compared with the results of simulations of EAS muon component performed using CORSIKA code.

A new method of identifying signals in a statistically noisy non-stationary time series is presented. Unlike in the Fourier and wavelet analyses, in the processing of data no assumptions about the structure of analyzed signal is made. The proposed method of flicker-noise spectroscopy is illustrated with a real time series related to monitoring of solar and cosmic radiation during GLE#72 event using ground-level muon hodoscope. The method is applicable for the analysis of a wide range of various helio- and geophysical processes.

We study the generation of strong large scale magnetic fields in compact stars containing degenerate quark matter with unbroken chiral symmetry. The magnetic field growth is owing to the magnetic field instability driven by the electroweak interaction of quarks. In this system we predict the enhancement of the seed magnetic field 10¹² G to the strengths (10¹⁴ − 10¹⁵) G. In our analysis we use the typical parameters of the quark matter in the core of a hybrid star or in a quark star. We also apply of the obtained results to model the generation of magnetic fields in magnetars.

We present the status of the analyses and latest results on π⁰-hadron correlations measured with the ALICE experiment in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at √s_NN = 2.76 TeV and p-Pb collisions at √s_NN = 5.02 TeV. . Results are compared with transport models and pQCD calculations.

We demonstrate that the investigations of the forward-backward correlations between intensive observables enable to obtain more clear signal about the initial stage of hadronic interaction, e.g. about the process of string fusion, compared to usual forward-backward multiplicity correlations. As an example, the correlation between mean-event transverse momenta of charged particles in separated rapidity intervals is considered. We performed calculations in the framework of dipole-based Monte Carlo string fusion model. We obtained the dependence of the correlation strength on the collision centrality for different initial energies and colliding systems. It is shown that the dependence reveals the decline of the correlation coefficient for most central Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energy. We compare the results both with the ones obtained in alternative models and with the ones obtained by us using various MC generators.

Short-lived hadronic resonances provide the means to study properties of the quark-gluon plasma and the hadronic phase produced in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. In these proceedings we review the most recent ALICE results on resonance production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at different energies.

The spatial and temporal characteristics of particle emitting source produced in particle and/or nuclear collisions can be measured by using two-particle femtoscopic correlations. These correlations arise due to quantum statistics, Coulomb and strong final state interactions. In this paper we report on the calculations of like-sign pion femtoscopic correlations produced in p+p, p+Au, d+Au, Au+Au at top RHIC energy using Ultra Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (UrQMD). Three-dimensional correlation functions are constructed using the Bertsch-Pratt parametrization of the two-particle relative momentum. The correlation functions are studied in several transverse mass ranges. The emitting source radii of charged pions, R_out, R_side, R_long, are obtained from Gaussian fit to the correlation functions and compared to data from the STAR and PHENIX experiments.

Long-range correlations between particles separated by a pseudorapidity gap are a powerful tool to explore the initial stages and evolution of the medium created in hadron-hadron collisions. An overview of the long-range correlations measured by the ALICE detector in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb will be presented. This includes analyses of forward-backward, two- and multi-particle correlations with the use of the central barrel and forward detectors.

Due to the absence of clear and unambiguous theoretical signals of the deconfinement transition from hadron matter to quark-gluon plasma (QGP) the experimental searches of QGP formation are based the analysis of various irregularities in the collision energy dependence of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities. Here we present several remarkable irregularities at chemical freeze-out (CFO) of hadrons which are found using an advanced version of the hadron resonance gas model (HRGM). Among them are the sharp peaks of the trace anomaly and baryonic density which are seen at the center of mass energies √s_NN = 4.9 GeV and √s_NN = 9.2 GeV, and the two sets of highly correlated quasi-plateaus in the collision energy dependence of the entropy per baryon, total pion number per baryon, and thermal pion number per baryon which we found at the center of mass energies 3.8-4.9 GeV and 7.6-10 GeV. In addition we found a significant change of slope of the hadron yield ratios ${\Lambda \over p}$ and ${{\Lambda - \bar \Lambda } \over {p - \bar p}}$, when the center of mass collision energy increases from 4.3 GeV to 4.9 GeV and from 7.6 GeV to 9.2 GeV [1]. The increase of slopes of these ratios at the collision energy interval 4.3-4.9 GeV is accompanied by a dramatic growth of resonance decays at CFO. We argue that such a strong correlation between the previously found irregularities and an enhancement of strangeness production can serve as the quark-gluon plasma formation signature. Hence, we conclude that a dramatic change of the system properties seen in the narrow collision energy range √s_NN = 4.3-4.9 GeV may open entirely new possibilities for experimental studies of QGP properties at NICA JINR and FAIR GSI accelerators.

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations are nowadays utilized regularly by all major collaborations worldwide which are analyzing heavy-ion data. Most notably, correlation techniques are used to explore the collective properties of the new state of matter, the Quark-Gluon Plasma, by performing measurements of anisotropic flow phenomenon in heavy-ion collisions. In these proceedings we highlight the theory of multiparticle azimuthal correlations and summarize briefly the most important recent physical results obtained with them. Some unresolved problems and next future steps in their development are discussed as well.

The size and evolution of the medium created in a heavy-ion collision depends on collision geometry. Experimentally collisions can be characterized by the measured particle multiplicities around midrapidity or by the energy measured in the forward rapidity region, which is sensitive to the spectator fragments. In the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) the multiplicity of produced particles is measured with the silicon tracking system (STS). The projectile spectator detector (PSD) measures the energy of spectator fragments. We present the procedure of collision centrality determination in CBM and its performance using the PSD and the STS information.

A new form of nuclear matter, where quarks and gluons are deconfined and interact strongly with each other, is produced in heavy ion collisions at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC). Azimuthal anisotropies of particle distributions relative to the symmetry plane in high energy heavy ion collisions are used to characterize the collision dynamics. The results of measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy parameters v_n (n=2,3) of identified charged hadrons (pions, kaons and protons) in Au+Au collisions at √S_NN = 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV are presented and discussed. The energy dependence of the difference between the flow of the particles and their anti-particles are discussed as well.

Investigation of physical phenomena in heavy-ion collisions requires knowledge about collision geometry, which is characterized by the energy distribution in the overlap region of the colliding nuclei and of the collision spectators. Both the event-by-event distributions of produced particles and the spectator nucleons can be used to estimate the collision geometry. Due to the pressure gradients, the spatial anisotropy of initial state geometry is converted during the system evolution to an anisotropy in momentum space. The event-planes of this anisotropy can be estimated via measured azimuthal distributions of particles produced in the collision. We report on the performance of the ALICE experiment at the LHC for the centrality and the event-plane determination for different harmonics using measured distribution of produced particles at central and forward rapidity, and the energy distribution of the spectator neutrons at beam rapidity.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at neutron star core densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure rare diagnostic probes such as hadrons including multi-strange (anti-) hyperons, lepton pairs, and charmed particles with unprecedented precision and statistics. Most of these particles will be studied for the first time in the FAIR energy range. In order to achieve the required precision, the measurements will be performed at very high reaction rates of 1 to 10 MHz. This requires very fast and radiation-hard detectors, a novel data read-out and analysis concept based on free streaming front-end electronics, and a high-performance computing cluster for online event selection. The physics program and the status of the proposed CBM experiment will be discussed.

In ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy-ions at the RHIC and LHC colliders we have seen behaviour which can be interpreted as a formation of locally thermalised system expanding as a fluid. I briefly review the use of hydrodynamics to model the expansion of such a fluid, and what such modelling has taught us about the dissipative properties of QCD matter.

Estimate of the collision symmetry planes is a crucial part of the anisotropic flow analysis in heavy-ion collisions. HADES experiment at GSI has different possibilities for symmetry plane estimation. In this letter different methods of the symmetry plane resolution calculation are compared and the differences are explained in terms of non-flow contribution.

The liquid droplet formula is applied to an analysis of the properties of geometrical (anti)clusters formed in SU(2) gluodynamics by the Polyakov loops of the same sign. Using this approach, we explain the phase transition in SU(2) gluodynamics as a transition between two liquids during which one of the liquid droplets (the largest cluster of a certain Polyakov loop sign) experiences a condensation, while the droplet of another liquid (the next to the largest cluster of the opposite sign of Polyakov loop) evaporates. The clusters of smaller sizes form two accompanying gases, which behave oppositely to their liquids. The liquid droplet formula is used to analyze the size distributions of the gas (anti)clusters. The fit of these distributions allows us to extract the temperature dependence of surface tension and the value of Fisher topological exponent τ for both kinds of gaseous clusters. It is shown that the surface tension coefficient of gaseous (anti)clusters can serve as an order parameter of the deconfinement phase transition in SU(2) gluodynamics. The Fisher topological exponent τ of (anti)clusters is found to have the same value 1.806 ± 0.008. This value disagrees with the famous Fisher droplet model, but it agrees well with an exactly solvable model of the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition. This finding may evidence for the fact that the SU(2) gluodynamics and this exactly solvable model of nuclear liquid-gas phase transition are in the same universality class.

Per-event charged particle spectra and nuclear modification factors are measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in p+Pb interactions at √s_NN = 5.02 TeV. Results are presented as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity, and in different intervals of collision centrality, which is characterised in p+Pb collisions by the total transverse energy measured over the pseudorapidity interval −3.2 < η < −4.9 in the direction of the lead beam. Three different calculations of the number of nucleons participating in p+Pb collisions have been performed, assuming the Glauber model and its Glauber-Gribov Colour Fluctuation extensions. The results using different models are compared with each other, as well as with other measurements made under the same conditions and also with centrality definition based on different rapidity intervals.

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider facility (NICA) in Dubna, Russia is currently under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR). A Multi Purpose Detector (MPD) at NICA is designed to study properties of baryonic dense matter in the range of center of mass collision energy from 4 to 11 GeV. We present a performance study for anisotropic transverse flow measurement in Au+Au collisions using the UrQMD event generator and Geant4 simulation of the MPD response. The collision symmetry plane is estimated from event-by-event transverse energy distribution in Forward Hadron Calorimeters (FHCal's). Performance of the MPD for a measurement of the directed (v₁) and elliptic (v₂) flow of identified charged hadrons is evaluated based on comparison between reconstructed v₁ and v₂ values and the input one from the UrQMD model.

Proton-nucleus collisions provide a reference for heavy ion-collisions, to study the signatures deriving from the presence of a complex nuclear structure in the initial state, which confirm that the suppression of high-p_Thadron production observed in heavy-ion collisions is a genuine effect of the hot deconfined QGP. However, several measurements of particle production in the low and intermediate momentum region indicate the presence of coherent and collective effects, already in small systems, such as the ones produced in p-Pb collisions. Measurements from proton-lead collisions at √s_NN = 5.02 TeV obtained by the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC will be presented and compared to p-p, A-A and d-A experimental results at different collision energies and to the available theoretical model predictions.

We report on the results on the dynamical modelling of cluster formation with the new combined PHSD+FRIGA model at Nuclotron and NICA energies. The FRIGA clusterisation algorithm, which can be applied to the transport models, is based on the simulated annealing technique to obtain the most bound configuration of fragments and nucleons. The PHSD+FRIGA model is able to predict isotope yields as well as hyper-nucleus production. Based on present predictions of the combined model we study the possibility to detect such clusters and hypernuclei in the BM@N and MPD/NICA detectors.

Knowledge of the equation of state of the baryon matter plays a decisive role in the description of neutron stars. With an increase of the baryon density the filling of Fermi seas of hyperons and Δ isobars becomes possible. Their inclusion into standard relativistic mean-field models results in a strong softening of the equation of state and a lowering of the maximum neutron star mass below the measured values. We extend a relativistic mean-field model with scaled hadron masses and coupling constants developed in our previous works and take into account now not only hyperons but also the Δ isobars. We analyze available empirical information to put constraints on coupling constants of Δs to mesonic mean fields. We show that the resulting equation of state satisfies majority of presently known experimental constraints.

A Monte Carlo simulation of heavy ion collisions (Au+Au) has been performed at MPD (Multi Purpose Detector) at NICA (Dubna) for a study of the possible critical point in the phase diagram of the hot nuclear matter. The simulation took into account real detector effects with as many details as possible to properly describe the apparatus response. Particle identification (PID) has been tuned to account for modifications in track reconstruction. Some results on hadron identification in the TPC and TOF (Time Of Flight) detectors with realistically simulated response have been also obtained.

The heavy-ion programme of the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN SPS is expanding to allow precise measurements of exotic particles with lifetime few hundred microns. A Vertex Detector for open charm measurements at the SPS is being constructed by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration to meet the challenges of high spatial resolution of secondary vertices and efficiency of track registration. This task is solved by the application of the coordinate sensitive CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors with extremely low material budget in the new Vertex Detector.

A small-acceptance version of the Vertex Detector is being tested this year, later it will be expanded to a large-acceptance version. Simulation studies will be presented. A method of track reconstruction in the inhomogeneous magnetic field for the Vertex Detector was developed and implemented. Numerical calculations show the possibility of high precision measurements in heavy ion collisions of strange and multi strange particles, as well as heavy flavours, like charmed particles.

The Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD) is a segmented hadron calorimeter used in NA61 experiment (CERN) to determine a collision centrality as well as an event plane orientation in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The main goal of the experiment includes studying the onset of de-confinement and searching for the critical point of strongly interacting matter. It is of crucial importance to have a precise characterization of the event class with the PSD for the analysis of event-by-event observables. The PSD has been already used for centrality selection on trigger level in measurements of Be+Be and Ar+Sc reactions at beam energies 13 − 158 AGeV and Pb+Pb reaction at beam energy 30 AGeV. In 2016, the central modules of PSD have been equipped with new Hamamatsu MPPC silicon photo-detectors in order to extend dynamic range for studying Pb+Pb reaction at the full energy range 13 − 158 AGeV. Results of the PSD response on proton and lead beams are presented.

Forward hadron calorimeter (FHCAL) at MPD/NICA experimental setup is described. The main purpose of the FHCAL is to provide an experimental measurement of a heavy-ion collision centrality (impact parameter) and orientation of its reaction plane. Precise event-by-event estimate of these basic observables is crucial for many physics phenomena studies to be performed by the MPD experiment. The simulation results of FHCAL performance are presented.

The ALICE experiment at the LHC is designed to study the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) based on high energy pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions. Certain properties of these collisions can be studied by measuring the production of charged particles. A suppression of the yield of charged particles was observed at high pT by comparing central Pb-Pb events scaled by the number of binary collisions to pp collisions, in terms of the nuclear modification factor RAA. This suppression can be an effect of the energy loss of partons as they propagate in a hot and dense QCD medium (QGP).

In the end of 2015, pp and Pb-Pb collisions at √s_NN = 5.02 TeV were measured by ALICE. Here, transverse momentum distributions of inclusive charged particles in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at √s_NN = 5.02 TeV as well as the nuclear modification factor in six centrality classes are presented and compared with model predictions.

A kinematically complete measurement of the four-body breakup reaction d+²H→²p^S+²n^S→p +p +n +n has been performed at 15 MeV deuteron beam of the SINP MSU. The two protons and neutron were detected at angles close to those of emission of ²p^S and ²n^S systems. The energy of singlet dineutron state was determined by comparing experimental TOF spectrum of breakup neutrons with simulated spectra depending on this energy. A low value E_nn = 0.076 ± 0.006 keV obtained by fitting procedure apparently indicates an effective enhancement of nn-interaction in the intermediate state of studied reaction.

Momentum spectra of all long lived fragments from ¹²C fragmentation at 3.5^o on different targets have been measured. Obtained fragmentation peak widths are compared with predictions of statistical model. An independence of these widths from target nuclei has been checked with high precision.

Careful studies of the fission fragments mass correlation distributions let us to reveal specific linear structures in the region of a big missing mass. It became possible due to applying of effective cleaning of this region from the background linked with scattered fragments. One of the most pronounced structure looks like a rectangle bounded by the magic nuclei. The fission events aggregated in the rectangle show a very low total kinetic energy. We propose possible scenario of forming and decay of the multi-cluster prescission configuration decisive for the experimental findings. This approach is valid as well for treating of another rare decay modes discovered in the past.

The angular dependence of the cumulative particles production off nuclei near the kinematical boundary for multistep process is defined by characteristic polynomials in angular variables, describing spatial momenta of the particles in intermediate states. Physical argumentation, exploring the small phase space method, leads to the appearance of equations for the polynomials in cos(θ/N), where θ is the polar angle defining the momentum of final (cumulative) particle, the integer N being the number of interactions. The recurrent relations between polynomials with different N and their factorization properties are derived, the connection of these polynomials with known in mathematics Chebyshev polynomials of 2-d kind is established. As a result, differential cross section of the cumulative particle production has characteristic behaviour $d\sigma \sim 1/\sqrt {\pi - \theta }$ near the strictly backward direction (θ ∼ π, the backward focusing effect). Such behaviour takes place for any multiplicity of the interaction, beginning with n = 3, elastic or inelastic (with resonance excitations in intermediate states) and can be called the nuclear glory phenomenon.

The results of the measurements of spectra and yields of helium isotope ³He formed in the stopped pion absorption by nuclei are presented. The contributions of different mechanisms of the helium formation in these reactions on medium and heavy nuclei were determined. The proposed phenomenological model reproduces the ³He spectra at energies >30 MeV satisfactorily.

One could use trajectories of test particles to evaluate a gravitational potential. In particular, in the case of the Galactic Center one could use photon trajectories to analyze a shadow structure. Another way is to use bright stars near the Galactic Center to evaluate a gravitational potential and constrain parameters of a model for the Galactic Center. In particular, one could obtain constraints on parameters of black hole, stellar cluster and dark matter concentration. Earlier, we constrained parameters of Rⁿ and a Yukawa potential from observational data for the S2 star trajectory. Now gravity theories with a massive graviton are a subject of intensive studies. People proposed different experimental ways to evaluate a graviton mass. Recently, the joint LIGO & VIRGO collaboration reported not only a discovery of gravitational waves and binary black holes, but the team claimed also that found a constraint on a graviton mass as 1.2 × 10⁻²² eV. We show that an analysis of the S2 star trajectory could constrain a graviton mass with a comparable accuracy and this constraint is consistent with LIGO's one.

We derived a simple expression for total mass density of electrons and positrons in the region of equation-of-state parameters where electron-positron pairs are dominant by number (as compared with baryons). We estimated the total mass density of electrons and positrons in some models of superluminous supernovae developed by other authors. We found that at least in one model of pulsational pair instability supernova the mass density of electrons and positrons is comparable with the mass density of baryons. This fact can be used to assess the possibility of non-standard gravitational interaction of positrons with electrons and baryons.

We consider a dark matter model with "active" component (annihilating or decaying), that forms a disk in the Galaxy. In this work we calculate gamma-ray flux from the galactic center for given model and compare it to the observations. It was found that predicted flux with model parameters obtained in our last analysis which did not take the data on gamma-ray flux from the center into account, agrees (does not exceed) observational one. Gamma-ray fluxes for the whole sky have been obtained and compared with existing data. Unfortunately existing data include contributions from all possible gamma-ray sources in a wide energy range, what requires respective special analysis. We adopted existing data in a simple way to compare with them and obtained qualitative agreement.

An extension of the Standard Model is considered, which is built on the basis of a stabilized Randall-Sundrum model with two branes. The stabilization of the extra dimension size is achieved with the help of a five-dimensional Higgs field, which plays the role of the Goldberger-Wise field. The stabilization makes the radion massive, and all the fermion fields, which are assumed to be localized on the TeV brane, get their masses due to the interaction with the boundary value of the Higgs field. The gauge invariance of the theory demands that the electroweak gauge fields also live in the bulk. The equations of motion for the background field configurations and for the field fluctuations against a background solution are obtained. The interaction of the bulk Higgs field with the multidimensional gauge field is studied and possible values of the model parameters are estimated.

We study leptogenesis and baryon asymmetry generation in plasma of the early Universe before the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) accounting for chirality flip processes via inverse Higgs decays and sphaleron transitions which violate the left lepton number and wash out the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU). The hypermagnetic helicity evolution proceeds in a self-consistent way with the lepton asymmetry growth. The hypermagnetic helicity plays a key role in lepto/baryogenesis in our scenario and the more hypermagnetic field is close to the maximum helical one the faster BAU grows up the observable value, B_obs ∼ 10⁻¹⁰.

We study interactions of kinks and antikinks of the (1 + 1)-dimensional ϕ⁸ model. In this model, there are kinks with mixed tail asymptotics: power-law behavior at one infinity versus exponential decay towards the other. We show that if a kink and an antikink face each other in way such that their power-law tails determine the kink-antikink interaction, then the force of their interaction decays slowly, as some negative power of distance between them. We estimate the force numerically using the collective coordinate approximation, and analytically via Manton's method (making use of formulas derived for the kink and antikink tail asymptotics).

We consider the exact inflationary solutions for a single scalar field with an arbitrary potential and an arbitrary nonminimal coupling to the Gauss-Bonnet term in the flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe on the basis of connection with standard inflation. The possibility of the registration of relic gravitational waves by using the phenomenon of a low-frequency optical resonance in Fabri-Perot interferometers are also received.

A (n + 1)-dimensional gravitational model with cosmological constant and Gauss-Bonnet term is studied. The ansatz with diagonal cosmological metrics is adopted and solutions with exponential dependence of scale factors: a_i ∼ exp (vⁱt), i = 1, ..., n, are considered. The stability analysis of the solutions with non-static volume factor is presented. We show that the solutions with v¹ = v² = v³ = H > 0 and small enough variation of the effective gravitational constant G are stable if certain restriction on (vⁱ) is obeyed. New examples of stable exponential solutions with zero variation of G in dimensions D = 1 + m + 2 with m > 2 are presented.

In 6D general relativity with a phantom scalar field as a source of gravity, we present solutions that implement a transition from an effective 4D geometry times small extra dimensions to an effectively 6D space-time where the physical laws are different from ours. We consider manifolds with the structure ₀×₁×₂, where ₀ is 2D Lorentzian space-time while each of _1,2 can be a 2-sphere or a 2-torus. Some solutions describe wormholes with spherical symmetry in our space-time and toroidal extra dimensions. Others are of black universe type: at one end there is a 6D asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole while beyond the horizon the geometry tends to a 4D de Sitter cosmology times a small 2D spherical extra space.

We study the possible cosmological models in Kaluza-Klein-type multidimensional gravity with a curvature-nonlinear Lagrangian and a spherical extra space, taking into account the Casimir energy. First, we find a minimum of the effective potential of extra dimensions, leading to a physically reasonable value of the effective cosmological constant in our 4D space-time. In this model, the huge Casimir energy density is compensated by a fine-tuned contribution of the curvature-nonlinear terms in the original action. Second, we present a viable model with slowly evolving extra dimensions and power-law inflation in our space-time. In both models, the results formulated in Einstein and Jordan frames are compared.

The Starobinsky inflationary model fits very well the observational data. We study some variations around this model by adding an exponential term in the Lagrangian. This modification allows to test the robustness of the Starobinsky model.

Calculation of the electronic density and potential distribution in the field of a homogeneously charged core of a large radius are reviewed. The Hartree-Fock self-consistent field method and the density-functional method are applied for the problem. These methods are compared with simple model where not interacting electrons are in spherical potential well with infinite border. The applicability of model with infinite potential well is discussed.

We study observables sensitive to tensor structure of interactions of a hypothetical heavy spin-0 boson. It is assumed that interactions of this particle are dominated by interactions with photons. The interactions with other vector bosons and quarks are supposed to be suppressed. The above assumptions favor the production of this hypothetical particle through the vector boson fusion mechanism structurally dominated by the photon and Z-interactions. This particle will be produced in association with two light quarks. It is shown that the azimuthal angle difference between the tagging jets provides an observable to probe the tensor structure of the interaction vertices of such hypothetical particle.

A measurement of CP-violating weak phase φ_s and $B_s^0$ meson decay width difference with $B_s^0 \to J/\psi \phi$ decays in the ATLAS experiment is presented. It is based on integrated luminosity of 14.3 fb⁻¹ collected by the ATLAS detector from 8 TeV pp collisions at the LHC. The measured values are statistically combined with those from 4.9 fb⁻¹ of 7 TeV collisions data, yielding an overall Run-1 ATLAS result.

The new SPASCHARM experiment for systematic studies of polarization phenomena in strong interactions is under construction now at IHEP, Protvino. The technical beam runs for the experiment first stage are planned for the Fall 2016 and Spring 2017. At this stage, the polarization measurements will be carried out with unpolarized hadronic beams of various compositions (π^±, K^±, p, antiprotons), using the polarized target. The universal large acceptance experimental set-up is capable detecting and identification most charged and neutral particles and reconstructing a large number of resonances produced in beam interactions at polarized proton target, and later on at the second stage, in collisions of polarized proton and antiproton beams with fixed targets of various materials. The large acceptance and wide data acquisition bandwidth would provide the capabilities for simultaneous data accumulation for a number of physics analyses from the measurements of single-spin asymmetries in inclusive and exclusive reactions to reconstructions of final state hyperon polarizations and spin density matrix elements for vector mesons in a wide range of kinematic variables (p_T, x_F).

Run2 sensitivity to anomalous quartic gauge couplings was estimated for ATLAS experiment at LHC with increased energy of proton-proton collisions $\sqrt s = 13{\rm{ TeV}}$ and expected 40 fb⁻¹ of integral luminosity. Simulation of Zγγ process with anomalous ZZγγ and Zγγγ couplings was performed using VBFNLO MC generator. Differential distributions on four-body invariant mass of final state particles was used for extraction of expected limits on Effective Field Theory parameters f_T0/Λ⁴, f_T5/Λ⁴, f_T9/Λ⁴, f_M2/Λ⁴, f_M3/Λ⁴. Combined limits are obtained from two charged leptonic decay channels of Z boson (Zγγ → l⁺l⁻γγ, where l = e or µ). Unitarity of expected limits was studied using dipole form factor approach.

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation (UR) was verified experimentally. The experiments have shown the validity of the quantum analogue of the zeroth law of stochastic thermodynamics in the form of the saturated Schrödinger UR. We have also proposed a new type of UR for the relativistic mechanics. These relations allow us to consider macroscopic phenomena within the limits of the ratio of the uncertainty relations for different physical quantities.

In the paper the classification of charmed baryons is presented, a quark model for ground states is briefly described, and the energy levels of excited states are analyzed. Moreover a present status of experimentally observed states of charmed baryons is given.

An overview of recent searches for dark matter production in association with visible particles with the ATLAS detector at LHC is presented. Interpretations of the results of the searches in terms of the effective field theory and simplified models is discussed. The exclusion limits placed by the ATLAS searches are compared to the constraints from direct dark matter detection experiments.

We calculate the atmospheric neutrino spectra in the energy range of 10² − 10⁷ GeV using the hadronic models QGSJET-II, SIBYLL 2.1 and the parameterizations of cosmic ray spectra by Zatsepin-Sokolskaya, and Hillas-Gaisser supported by experiments. It is shown that rare decay mode of short-lived neutral kaons produce about 30% of the electron neutrino flux and up to 10% of muon neutrinos at energies above 200 TeV. Comparative analysis of our calculations based on the Ƶ(E, h)-function approach and those obtained with use of the new MCEq-method (A. Fedynitch et al.) demonstrates the close agreement of both calculations. The comparison of calculated neutrino spectrum to the experimental data shows that IceCube and ANTARES measurements leave opened window for the prompt neutrino flux contribution obtained with the quark-gluon string model (QGSM).

Status update and recent results from the double beta decay search experiment EXO-200 are presented. Detector is a liquid xenon TPC with charge and light readout located underground in low-background laboratory at 1600 m.w.e. depth. It contains 175 kg of xenon with 80.6% abundance of ¹³⁶Xe, which acts as both the decaying nucleus and detection medium. Detector showed good performance and achieved remarkable results. The detector has demonstrated excellent energy resolution and background rejection capabilities and has set a lower limit on the 0νββ-decay half-life of 1.1 × 10²⁵ years at 90% C.L. in early 2014. The EXO-200 collaboration has since published several papers on experimental backgrounds and searches for rare or exotic processes. After a two-year data interruption, EXO-200 is now back online with significant hardware improvements, including a radon reduction air system and a front end electronics upgrade for better energy resolution.

For SOX experiment with intense ¹⁴⁴Ce-¹⁴⁴Pr source, the antineutrino spectrum from two ¹⁴⁴Pr decay branches should be calculated with high precision. We analyze the factors that affect beta- and antineutrino spectrum and give methods for their calculation.

The activity of the intense artificial neutrino source in the experiment BEST will be determined by measuring of the internal bremsstrahlung (IB) spectrum from ⁵¹Cr. The paper describes the measurements of the IB spectrum from unsealed point-like ⁵¹Cr source using spectrum recovery method, and the main sources of uncertainties are discussed.

Compact high intensity neutrino sources based on ⁵¹Cr isotope are demanded for very short baseline neutrino experiments. In particular, a 3 MCi ⁵¹Cr neutrino source is needed for the experiment BEST on search for transitions of electron neutrinos to sterile states. The paper presents the results of the analysis of options of the irradiation of highly enriched ⁵⁰Cr in the existing trap of thermal neutrons of high-flux reactor SM–3, as well as using the most promising variants of the trap after upcoming reconstruction of the reactor. It is shown that it is possible to to obtain the intensity of ⁵¹Cr up to 3.85 MCi at the end of irradiation of ⁵⁰Cr enriched to 97% in the high-flux reactor SM–3 of the JSC "SSC NIIAR".

The GERDA (GERmanium Detector Array) is an experiment for the search of neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) in ⁷⁶Ge, located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN (Italy). GERDA operates bare high purity germanium detectors submersed in liquid Argon (LAr). Phase II of data-taking started in Dec 2015 and is currently ongoing. In Phase II 35 kg of germanium detectors enriched in ⁷⁶Ge including thirty newly produced Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detectors is operating to reach an exposure of 100 kg·yr within about 3 years data taking. The design goal of Phase II is to reduce the background by one order of magnitude to get the sensitivity for $T_{1/2}^{0\nu } = O\left( {{{10}^{26}}} \right){\rm{ yr}}$. To achieve the necessary background reduction, the setup was complemented with LAr veto. Analysis of the background spectrum of Phase II demonstrates consistency with the background models. Furthermore ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th contamination levels consistent with screening results. In the first Phase II data release we found no hint for a 0νββ decay signal and place a limit of this process $T_{1/2}^{0\nu } > 5.3 \cdot {10^{25}}$ yr (90% C.L., sensitivity 4.0·10²⁵ yr). First results of GERDA Phase II will be presented.

Solar flares are sudden variations in brightness observed near the Sun's surface. Some theoretical models predict production of electron and muon neutrinos with energies up to few tens of MeV during solar flares. In 1980s the Homestake experiment reported excess of detected neutrino events possibly correlated with large solar flares. Since then the interest to similar studies by other neutrino detectors has increased. In this report we summarize the status of experimental searches and describe the methodology for the study of neutrinos from solar flares in Borexino liquid scintillator detector.

Atmospheric neutrinos are produced in interactions of cosmic rays with atomic nuclei in the Earths atmosphere. In low energy neutrino experiments they are mainly considered as a background for studied processes. For atmospheric neutrinos in sub-GeV range we present semi-analytical expected yield for four neutrino detection reactions: νe-ES, νp-ES, inverse β-decay and ¹²C(ν, ν^')¹²C^*(15.11 MeV), as well as results of Monte-Carlo simulation for other ν¹²C interaction channels. Calculations are made for 4 neutrino experiments and include neutrino oscillation averaged over neutrino arrival directions.

DarkSide is a multi-stage program devoted to direct searches of Dark Matter particles with detectors based on double phase liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber. The DarkSide-50 setup is running underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. First it was operated with Atmospheric Argon and during that run (1422 ± 67) kg×d of truly background-free exposure has been accumulated. Obtained data made it possible to set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 × 10⁻⁴⁴ cm² (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c²). Presently the detector is filled with Underground Argon, which is depleted in ³⁹Ar by a factor of (1.4 ± 0.2)×10³ with respect to Atmospheric Argon. Acquired so far (2616 ± 43) kg×d (71 live days) in combination with the data from the Atmospheric Argon run give us the 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 2.0×10⁻⁴⁴ cm² for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c². Up to date this is the best limit obtained with an argon target.

The T2K long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan uses a muon neutrino (antineutrino) beam produced by J-PARC and propagating through 295 km to the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector. The most recent oscillation results from T2K for neutrinos and antineutrinos are reported here. Both ${\nu _\mu }/{\bar \nu _\mu }$ disappearance and ${\nu _e}/{\bar \nu _e}$ appearance data are analyzed, providing leading results for sin²θ₂₃ and $\Delta m_{32}^2$. When fitting using a prior on sin² 2θ₁₃ from reactor measurements, T2K is able to put the first constraints on the CP-violating phase δ_CP, disfavouring the CP-conserving values 0 and π at 90% C.L. Prospects for the future of T2K are also discussed.

A technique to estimation low intensity muon-induced fast neutrons has been developed. The procedure for data analysis and interpretation of the results are discussed. The technique has been applied to estimate the neutron background from rock at the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST). A neutron background measurement relies on the production of a cosmogenic nuclide ¹²B by fast neutrons in an organic scintillator. The method exploited the delayed coincidences between the ¹²B production signals and electrons from ¹²B β⁻-decay. The total flux of muon-induced neutrons from rock was determined to be Φ_n = (21.5 ± 5) · 10⁻⁹cm⁻²s⁻¹. The estimated full fluxes of neutrons agree with results of Monte-Carlo simulations.

The process of neutrino-electron scattering in a dense plasma and magnetic field of arbitrary strength, where electrons can occupy the states corresponding to excited Landau levels, is analyzed. The total probability of this process, summarized over all initial states of the plasma electrons which is only physically meaningful, is calculated. Possible astrophysical applications are discussed.

The possibility of the BEST experiment on electron neutrino disappearance with intense artificial sources of electron neutrino ⁵¹Cr is considered. BEST has the great potential to search for transitions of active neutrinos to sterile states with Δm² ∼1 eV² and to set the limits on short baseline electron neutrino disappearance oscillation parameters. The possibility of the further constraints the oscillation parameters region with using ⁶⁵Zn source is discussed.

The Borexino experiment is taking data since 2007 at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy accomplishing outstanding achievements in the field of neutrino physics. Its success is strongly based on the unprecedented ultra-high radio-purity of the inner scintillator core. The main features of the detector and the impressive results for solar and geo-neutrinos obtained by Borexino so far are summarized. The main focus is laid on the most recent results, i.e. the first real-time measurement of the solar pp neutrino flux and the detection of the signal induced by geo-neutrinos with a significance as high as 5.9σ. The measurement of the pp neutrino flux represents a direct probe of the major mechanism of energy production in the Sun and its observation at a significance of 10σ proves the stability of the Sun over a time of at least 10⁵ years. It further puts Borexino in the unique position of being capable to test the MSW-LMA paradigm across the whole solar energy range. The geo-neutrino data allow to infer information concerning important geophysical properties of the Earth that are also discussed. The perspectives of the final stage of the Borexino solar neutrino program that are centered on the goal of measuring the CNO neutrinos that so far escaped any observation are outlined.

We propose an experiment on search for neutron–antineutron oscillations based on the storage of ultracold neutrons (UCN) in a material trap. The sensitivity of the experiment mostly depends on the trap size and the amount of UCN in it. In Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) a high-intensity UCN source is projected at the WWR-M reactor, which must provide UCN density 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than existing sources. The results of simulations of the designed experimental scheme show that the sensitivity can be increased by ∼ 10–40 times compared to sensitivity of previous experiment depending on the model of neutron reflection from walls.

In order to carry out research in the field of possible existence of a sterile neutrino the laboratory based on SM-3 reactor (Dimitrovgrad, Russia) was created to search for oscillations of reactor antineutrino. The prototype of a multi-section neutrino detector with liquid scintillator volume of 350 l was installed in the middle of 2015. It is a moveable inside the passive shielding detector, which can be set at distance range from 6 to 11 meters from the reactor core. Measurements of antineutrino flux at such short distances from the reactor core are carried out with moveable detector for the first time. The measurements with full-scale detector with liquid scintillator volume of 3m³ (5x10 sections) was started only in June, 2016. The today available data is presented in the article.

Registration of supernova neutrinos is one of the main goals of large underground neutrino detectors. We consider the possibility of using the large water veto tanks of future dark matter experiments as the additional facilities for supernova detection. Simulations were performed for registration of Cherenkov light in 2 kt water veto of Darkside-20k from high energy positrons created by supernova electron antineutrinos via inverse beta decay reaction. Comparison between characteristics of different supernova neutrino detectors are presented.

A prototype of the calibration system for the Liquid Scintillator Veto (LSV) and for the Water Cherenkov Veto (WCV) of the DarkSide detector have been developed. The instrument consists of a fast double output flasher which can be configured and controlled via USB, the appropriate application software. UV, visible or combination of both LEDs could be installed. Flashes amplitude, repetition rate and delay time between two continuous pulses are adjustable. High –OH silica fibers are used to minimize intensity losses on the delivery path. X shape splitter is used to combine two LED's pigtailed output and then to split the sum of the signals. One output feeds calibration path to the detector, while the second is used for pulse-to-pulse measurement of the flash intensity with compatible photodiode in combination with Flash ADC. The instrument allows to simulate point-like physical events in very wide energy range from a few hundred keV up to several dozen of MeV. Additional studies (pile-up analysis, spatial reconstruction, quenching as a function of position and wavelength) can be performed due to double-LEDs scheme and possibility of fast replacement of diodes.

The laboratory experimental setup for development of pyroelectric neutron generator for calibration of neutrino and dark matter detectors for direct search of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP) has been developed. The setup allows providing and controlling the neutrons generation process realized during d-d nuclear fusion. It is shown that the neutrons with energy 2.45 MeV can be generated starting from a level of electric potential generated by pyroelectric crystal about 30 kV, in contrast to the typical neutron tubes which need the applied outer high voltage level about 100 kV.

Description of a new teaching aid, in which new methods of reconstruction of hidden images by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, X-gamma-ray, and ultrasonic tomography, is presented. The diagnostics and therapy methods of various oncological diseases with the use of medicine proton and ions beams, as well as neutron capture therapy, are considered. The new teaching aid is intended for senior students and postgraduates.

Description of a measuring complex intended for detection and identification of radioactive waste in the near-earth space is presented. The complex consists of several xenon gamma-ray spectrometers, developed on the base of the thin-walled impulse ionization chamber with sensitive volume of four litres. Their main physics – technical characteristics are considered. An estimation probability for detection of various elements comprising radioactive waste by means of the measuring complex on board the spacecraft "Meteor" is given.

A method for ²²²Rn concentration monitoring by means of intensity measurement of its daughter nuclei (²¹⁴Pb and ²¹⁴Bi) gamma-ray emission using xenon gamma-ray spectrometer is presented. Testing and calibration results for a gamma-spectrometric complex based on xenon gamma-ray detector are described.

GRIS is a prospective experiment designed to measure hard X-rays and γ-rays of solar flares in the energy range from 50 keV to 200 MeV as well as solar neutrons > 30 MeV. This study considers results of GEANT 4 simulation of GRIS detectors response to cosmic background radiation and to the solar flare SOL2002-07-23 (X4.8). It is shown that the GRIS spectrometers have enough sensitivity and energy resolution to measure redshifts of some narrow γ-rays in flare spectra, that the low energy thresholds of the detectors can be lowered considerably without a risk of counting rate saturation during high magnitude flares and that at a choice between LaBr₃(Ce) and CeBr₃ the second one is a preferable scintillator for a hard X-ray and γ-ray spectrometer of solar flares.

At the previous ICPPA (2015) we presented the report [1] where we discussed the results of the solution of the problem of estimation of statistical reliability of linear point structures, obtained from the experiments at the FOBOS spectrometer [2] dedicated to study of the spontaneous fission of the 252Cf nucleus in the mass correlation distribution of fission fragments. These new unusual structures bounded by magic clusters were interpreted as a manifestation of a new exotic decay called collinear cluster tri-partition (CCT) [3]. The reliability of these structures was estimated on the basis of methods of morphological image analysis [1], [4], [5]. To improve the quality of revealing and further estimation of linear structures statistical reliability in the mass correlation distribution of fission fragments we used the formalism of oblique projecting [6] and subjective modeling [7], [8].

The article describes the application of computer microscopy with multi-spectral camera for the comparative characteristics of normal lymphocytes and lymphoid cells in follicular lymphoma. Wavelet functions are used to quantify parameters of the cells nuclei images.

Study of the segmentation method on the basis of histogram analysis for the selection of leukocytes in the images of blood and bone marrow in the diagnosis of acute leukemia was conducted in this paper. Method of filtering was offered to eliminate the artifacts, resulting from the selection of leukocytes.

The work is devoted to investigation of the random component of the measurement error of the nuclei structure characteristics, which are used in the method of structural elements to measure the differences of blood cells of different types. This method is realized in information-measuring system of the analysis of micropreparations of blood cells in the diagnosis of acute leukemia and its variants.

The work deals with the separation of the lymphocytes of healthy patients from blasts of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (different variants of the disease). In this study the evaluation of textural characteristics has been done for nuclei of blood cells for cells classification and for the determination of a variant of acute myeloblastic leukemia.

A study of the influence of artifacts on the result of the division of blasts and lymphocytes in the problem of diagnosing the types of acute leukemia was conducted. A group of artifacts was formed to conduct the study. Preliminary studies allowed to estimate the degree of influence of artifacts on the results of the classification of red blood cells.

The development of methods of pattern recognition in modern intelligent systems of clinical cancer diagnosis are discussed. The histological (morphological) diagnosis – primary diagnosis for medical setting with cancer are investigated. There are proposed: interactive methods of recognition and structure of intellectual morphological complexes based on expert training-diagnostic and telemedicine systems. The proposed approach successfully implemented in clinical practice.

The study proposes the way of data organization to store the information obtained as the result of measurements of morphological structures of prostate gland preparations in the computer microscopy system. The proposed data structure provides fast access to object features in interactive analysis of preparation images during oncologic diagnostics of prostate gland diseases.

The complex for the decision support in diagnosis of prostate diseases with using expert knowledge and remote consultations in the process of urologic diseases diagnosis with using prostate preparation images was proposed. The complex allows to ensure consistency in the actions of doctors for remote consultation (areas of interest, marking, and search for informative objects in the preparation images) and to use experts knowledge in cases that are difficult to diagnose.

Interdisciplinary glossary is proposed to ensure mutual understanding of specialists from various fields of science and technology. Glossary is designed with application of information technologies. The field of information technologies is considered. It is necessary for the understanding and cooperation of specialists in various areas. The technological solutions and applications for multi-disciplinary areas, results of testing of the developed techniques are presented.

Automation system for ophthalmologist proposed. The system allows to collect anamnesis(pre-history) using a questionnaire. Its use contributes to the early detection of cataracts. This system will allow the doctor to choose the possible types of intraocular lenses for phacoemulsification. Results of system work are shown.

We report recent advances in R&D on the Beam Fragmentation and T0 Counter (BFTC) for the CBM experiment, based on RPCs with floating electrodes made of resistive ceramic material. An optimal value of the ceramics bulk resistivity has been determined to be about 5·10⁹ Ω·cm. RPCs with such electrodes show even characteristics and stable operation under particle fluxes of up to 150 kHz/cm², with the detection efficiency above 90%.

The method of building of information systems for the diagnosis of skin melanoma is described in the presented work. Malignant tumors at the level of macro - and microimages in combination with clinical data are investigated. The development is made with the use of MySQL. An information system is a result of joint activities of the National research nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) with N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Scientific Center.

The influence of a permanent magnetic field strength up to 40 Gs (4 mT) to operation PMT HAMAMATSU R7899-20 with its standart magnetic screens and without them is investigated. This PMT is used in a hadron calorimeter of LHCb experiment at CERN. It is shown that the use of a protective housing made of steel in joint its use with permalloy screen significantly reduces screening efficiency. It proposed to use a protective housing made from non-magnetic material (duralumin) electrolytic coated with a multilayered film as magnetic shield. This solution can be used in a hadron calorimeter, the CERN installations SHiP.

CERN is preparing the new experiment aimed at the detection of weakly interacting massive long-lived particles. The experiment was called SHiP. The instrumental and technological solutions successfully used in experimental setups ATLAS, LHCb and others will be applied in experimental setup SHiP. One of these units is a hadrons calorimeter. It uses several thousands photomultiplier tubes (PMT) placed in protective magnetic shields because PMTs are located near strong permanent magnets. Taking into account that since the creation of the experimental setup LHCb has been passed more than 10 years and there are new manufacturing techniques of magnetic screens appeared, we investigate the characteristics of shielding screens used in the LHCb, and proposed the recommendations to magnetic screens' designs for SHiP experiment.

The calorimetric system based on mass-flow calorimeter for high-precision determination of neutrino flux from ⁵¹Cr source with activity 3MCi and higher is created for experiment BEST. The achieved heat release uncertainties are less than 0.25% in the whole range of the heat power and less than 0.1% in the range of 250-500 W. Total value the uncertainty considering the uncertainty of the energy release in the ⁵¹Cr decay (0.23%) shows that the activity of 3MCi ⁵¹Cr neutrino source can be determined with accuracy better than 0.5%.

The method of multicolor flow cytometry makes it possible to quantify the disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in patients with solid tumors. Application of the method multi-color flow cytometry showed its efficiency and accuracy in the detection of DTC in patients with breast cancer.

To detect disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow in patients with solid tumors by flow cytometry it is necessary to analyze a very large number of cells (up to 100 million myelokaryocytes). We have proposed the use of a new generation flow cytometers with acoustic focusing, making it possible to analyze up to 20 mln events in one file. To improve the accuracy of our analysis we used fluorochromes with non-overlapping emission spectra, which makes it possible to minimize the need of setting compensation of cytometer. Identification of the target cell population detected by sequential logic gating.

The paper considers the creation of the computer knowledge base containing the data of histological, cytologic, and clinical researches. The system is focused on improvement of diagnostics quality of stomach cancer - one of the most frequent death causes among oncologic patients.

Software tool for gamma-ray spectra analysis was developed. Software tool has the possibilities for visualization of gamma-ray spectra, background and shadow spectrum, analysing of gamma-lines by Gaussian distribution, calculation of gamma-lines characteristics, manipulation with background and shadow spectrum.

Software tool for identification of radionuclides using energy spectra of xenon gamma-ray spectrometer was developed. Software tool includes the build-in gamma-ray library and allows to perform the qualitative and quantitative isotopes analysis of gamma-ray spectra.

The basic principle of radiation therapy is the treatment of a tumor with the maximum reduction in radiation doses to normal organs and tissues. You must implement a plan of irradiation, which will provide the recommended absorbed dose of ionizing radiation in the tumor volume and minimal dose to the tumor surrounding normal tissues and critical organs, at least, less than the tolerant dose for these tissues. There are very stringent requirements on the accuracy of realization of the values of doses. Therefore, the value of the dose must be controlled during the irradiation session. In this case, we will have the opportunity to interrupt the session, and to adjust the program of irradiation to avoid bad consequences. For these purposes, "NIITFA" has developed and manufactured multi-channel dosimeter MKD-04. Specialists Held the first technical and clinical testing of the device, the results confirm the high level capabilities of the dosimeter.

The WWR-M reactor at PNPI is going to be equipped with an ultracold neutron source of high density. Method of UCN production is based on their accumulation in the super fluid helium due to particular qualities of that quantum liquid. The satisfying storage time of UCN at WWR-M reactor in the super fluid helium exists at a temperature below 1.2 K. Our source aims at obtaining a density of UCN equals to 10⁴ n/cm³, two orders of magnitude exceeding that in existing sources presently available in the world. Increase in the density of UCN will raise the accuracy of the measurement of the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) of an order of magnitude, which is fundamentally important for the problem of CP violation. The most intense sources of UCN allows PNPI become the centre of fundamental researches with ultracold neutrons.

There is description of one type of detectors in use for the task of nuclear terrorism cases prevention to determine the direction to the radioactive source and geometrical structure of radiation field. This type is a modular detector with anisotropic sensitivity. The principle of work of a modular detecting device is the simultaneous operation of several detecting modules with anisotropic sensitivity to gamma radiation.

The trend of using of radiation with shorter wave length in leading high technological processes demands the detected search of materials for the solid-state electronics equipment and optical systems of an ultra violet and vacuum ultra violet spectral range. Diamond photodetectors of ultra violet radiation have the advantage of their opponents due to their unique properties, such as high sensitivity at the range of 190–250 nm and low sensitivity to the solar irradiation. The modification of semiconductive diamond material properties by the doping to get photodetectors with the different width of photosensitivity range is of a great interest. Due to this fact the spectroscopic investigation of artificial diamonds doped with boron took place for the definition of their applicability to produce the wide-spectral photosensitive equipment. The samples of thin diamond films were cut out in a crystallography plane (001). Sample transmission spectra were measured by vacuum infrared Fourier transform spectrometer at the range of 400–7000 cm^-1. As a result it was explored that diamond based detectors doped with boron could be applied for the detection of infrared irradiation at the average infrared spectral range, however it is necessary to optimize the doping level of diamond materials to reach the compromise between the sensitivity and the speed capability of produced diamond photodetectors.

The tracking performance parameters of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) as part of the ATLAS Inner Detector (ID) are described for different data taking conditions in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These studies are performed using data collected during the first (Run 1) and the second (Run 2) periods of LHC operation and are compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The performance of the TRT, operating with xenon-based (Xe-based) and argon-based (Ar-based) gas mixtures and its dependence on the TRT occupancy is presented. No significant degradation of position measurement accuracy was found up to occupancies of about 20% in Run 1. The relative number of reconstructed tracks in ID that also have a extension in the TRT was observed to be almost constant with the increase of occupancies up to 50%. Even in configurations where tracks are close to each other, the reconstruction algorithm is still able to find the correct TRT hits and properly reconstruct the tracks.

The main purpose of the Sphere–Antarctica project is connected to the fundamental problems of the cosmic ray physics and general astrophysics - the determination of the energy and mass composition of cosmic ray particles of ultra high and extremely high energies 10¹⁸ − 10²⁰ eV. In the energy region above 6 · 10¹⁹ eV modern experiments (Telescope Array and Pierre Auger Observatory) observed anisotropy and the clustering of arrival directions of cosmic rays in some areas. The scientific importance of this problem stems from the lack of generally accepted acceleration mechanism of the CR particles above 3 · 10¹⁸ eV, the unknown nature of the sources of such particles, the inconsistencies of the results of major experiments in the part of the mass of CR composition and the discrepancy of experimental and model data. Scientific novelty of this project is in the methodology registration of the extensive air showers over a large area ∼ 600 km² from an altitude 30 km, that allows to measure the two optical components of the shower Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation and fluorescence light by the same SiPM sensitive elements of the detector simultaneously.

A detector of the reactor antineutrino based on a cubic meter of plastic scintillator is installed below 3.1 GW industrial reactor. The detector is placed on a movable platform which allows to change the distance to the reactor core center in the range 10.7-12.7 m. 2500 scintillator strips are read out individually by SiPMs and in groups of 50 by PMTs. In addition to the overburden by the reactor (50 m w.e.) the detector has multilayer passive shielding and active muon veto.

Inverse beta-decay count rate of about 5000 events per day in the fiducial volume (78% of the detector) with about 5% of cosmic background has been reached. DANSS is sensitive to sterile neutrino in the most interesting region of mixing parameter space.

The article covers the detector status and performance, as well as the first results.

The KEDR experiment, which started in 2002, is dedicated to a study of c- and b-quarks and the two-photon physics at the e⁺e⁻ collider VEPP-4M in the Budker INP. To analyze the 2γ data and estimate contribution of two-photon background events in the 1 data samples, the event generators e⁺e⁻ → e⁺e⁻ + hadrons, e⁺e⁻ → e⁺e⁻ + π⁺π⁻, and e⁺e⁻ → e⁺e⁻ + PS (PS – pseudoscalar meson) have been developed.

Presented web-based resource for information support the engineering, science and education in Electrophysics, containing web-based tools for simulation subsystems charged particle accelerators. Formulated the development motivation of Web-Environment for Virtual Electrophysical Laboratories. Analyzes the trends of designs the dynamic web-environments for supporting of scientific research and E-learning, within the framework of Open Education concept.

The article deals with the latest version of a computer part of Vacuum Engineering laboratory in which means of fragmentary pumping and receiving of fine vacuum are studied. The virtual laboratory allows to carry out a heatup and processing of preselected surface materials of the pumped-out objects in acceptable time limits by using any means of preselected pumping (from the built-in database). It is possible to retrace online dynamics of receiving fine vacuum in time by having started the procedure of pumping.

Considered a modern implementation of a computer environment for the design of channels of transportation of high-energy charged particle beams. The environment includes a software package for the simulation of the dynamics of charged particles in the channel, operating means for changing parameters of the channel, the elements channel optimization and processing of the output characteristics of the beam with the graphical output the main output parameters.

The simulation software to research the work of the linear modulator with the discharge line on the thyratron (generator with a soft switch) is presented. In this software it is possible to configure the generator and to research the influence of the parasitic inductances and capacitances on the nanosecond pulses.

The article considered the software implementation mathematical model of the voltage pulse generator with a hard switch. The interactive object-oriented software interface provides the choice of generator parameters and the type of its load, as well as pulses parameters analysis on the load at the generator switching.

The paper discusses the method of designing channels based on numerical simulations with the aim of achieving optimal beam parameters at the exit of the channel. Methodology was used to optimize the parameters of the transport channel of the electron accelerator, with significant loss of beam intensity in the output beam from the accelerator and in the process of transport of the beam for the experimental equipment.

Two-dimensional solid state gaseous detector for thermal and cold neutrons is created. The detector has active area of 128 x 128 mm², ¹⁰B neutron converter, and gas chamber with thin windows. The resistive charge-division readout is applied to determine the neutron position. The detector was tested using W-Be photoneutron source at the Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow. The detector efficiency is estimated as ∼4% at neutron wavelength λ = 1.82 Å and 8% at λ = 8 Å. The efficiency of the background detection was less than 10^-5 of that for thermal neutrons. The resulting pulse height resolution and the spatial resolution are estimated as ∼15% and ∼2.5 mm, respectively.

This paper describes a 2D model of the bipolar transistor 2T312 under gamma, X-ray and laser pulse ionizing radiations. Both the Finite Element Discretization and Semiconductor module of Comsol 5.1 are used. There is an analysis of energy deposition in this device under different radiations and the results of transient ionizing current response for some different conditions.

ICARUS T600 is currently the largest LAr TPC built as a neutrino detector. During its operation in the underground LNGS laboratory, it has recorded events from the CERN to Gran Sasso neutrino beam and cosmic rays interactions. Thanks to its excellent imaging capabilities and very good calorimetric and spatial resolutions, several meaningful results have been achieved. This paper introduces shortly the observation of a free electron lifetime exceeding 15 ms, the identification of atmospheric neutrino interactions and the search of LSND-related anomalies in the ν_e appearance from the ν_µ CNGS beam. The LSND anomaly will be further addressed by the Short Baseline Neutrino programme, carried out at the Fermilab laboratory. The ICARUS detector will be used as a far detector in this programme.

An information about development of an anticoincidence system for charge particle rejection in "Signal" experiment on a board of "Interhelioprobe" spacecraft are presented. A construction of a detector and components of scientific equipment are described. Initial tests of the scintillation detector, silicon photomultipliers and future plans of developing are discussed..

We present the design and performance of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) Experiment at FAIR. The main purpose of the ECAL detector is the identification and the measurement of energy and position of photons and electrons, which are produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions in the beam energy range from 4 to 40 AGeV. ECAL will measure spectra of photons and neutral mesons decaying in their photonic decay channels. Precise measurement of masses and widths of short-living mesons (η, η', ϕ χ_c etc.) will shed light on the chiral symmetry restoration which is expected to occur in dense nuclear matter. Measurements of the π⁰ and meson spectrum are important to study dependence of the particle yield on thermodynamical parameters of nuclear mater.

CBM is the first experiment gaining advantage of free-streaming triggerless readout system. All readout channels of the detector going to work in self triggered mode. Dedicated methods are developed to extract individual events (collisions) from continuous information stream rejecting noise. Efficiency of the methods depends on projectile energy, masses of colliding nucleons, interaction and accelerator frequencies. Quality control of the algorithms and comparison of the methods require special efforts.

The proposed Silicon-Gas Pixel Detector (SGPD) combines the advantages of Silicon and Gas-pixel detectors (GPD). 7 micron space resolution and down to 0.2 degree both angles measurements are inside 10 mm thick and very low material detector. Silicon pixels implemented directly into electronic chip structure allow to know exact time when particle crossed the detector and to use SGPD as a completely self-triggered device. Binary readout, advanced data collection and analysis on hardware level allow to obtain all the information in less than 1 microsecond and to use SGPD for the fast trigger generation.

This report is based on the results of use the PAVICOM facility during investigations of nuclear and elementary particles tracks [1]. This facility has been constructed in Lebedev Physical Institute and includes three automatic microscopes. They allow to analyse particles tracks in different kinds of material: nuclear photo-emulsion, plastic and minerals (olivine). As a result images of tracks and their geometrical characteristics very differ in various experiments. This circumstance demands to use of various image recognition methods depending on properties of images and aims of an experiment. During work in different experiments the members of PAVICOM group designed numerous algorithms of processing of particles tracks in complicated events. In this report some of them are represented.

Prototype of the fast timing Cherenkov detector, applicable in high-energy collider experiments, has been developed basing on the modified Planacon XP85012 MCP-PMT and fused silica radiators. We present the reasons and description of the MCP-PMT modification, timing and amplitude characteristics of the prototype including the summary of the detector's response on particle hits at oblique angles and MCP-PMT performance at high illumination rates.

Scintillation detector with matrices of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) as multi-channel photosensors is under development. The use of SiPM matrices gives a possibility to do a snapshot of glowing track of charged particle traversing a scintillator. The snapshots of the events inside the scintillator were taken for the two SiPM matrices arrangements. The comparison characteristics of snapshots for these arrangements are presented.

A novel room-temperature ion source for the production of atomic ions in electron beam within wide ranges of electron energy and current density is developed. The device can operate both as conventional Electron Beam Ion Source/Trap (EBIS/T) and novel Main Magnetic Focus Ion Source. The ion source is suitable for generation of the low-, medium- and high-density microplasma in steady state, which can be employed for investigation of a wide range of physical problems in ordinary university laboratory, in particular, for microplasma simulations relevant to astrophysics and ITER reactor. For the electron beam characterized by the incident energy E_e = 10 keV, the current density j_e ∼ 20 kA/cm² and the number density n_e ∼ 2 × 10¹³ cm⁻³ were achieved experimentally. For E_e ∼ 60 keV, the value of electron number density n_e ∼ 10¹⁴ cm⁻³ is feasible. The efficiency of the novel ion source for laboratory astrophysics significantly exceeds that of other existing warm and superconducting EBITs.

The possibility of determination of plastic scintillation detector characteristics by usage of measurement results and numerical modeling is studied in this paper. One of the main characteristic of scintillation detectors, defining the amplitude of output signal at the particle registration, is light collection that depends on the transparency and reflection coefficient of scintillator. A technique based on a comparison between the signals of particles measured in various places of the scintillator and the results of numerical simulation is suggested. Using experimental data and numerical modeling for the sample laboratory detector, the main characteristics of the scintillator were obtained. This technique can be used for online monitoring of the scintillator properties during the long-lasting space experiments.

Towards the end of LHC Run1, gas leaks were observed in some parts of the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) of ATLAS. Due to these leaks, primary Xenon based gas mixture was replaced with Argon based mixture in various parts. Test-beam studies with a dedicated Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) prototype were carried out in 2015 in order to understand transition radiation performance with mixtures based on Argon and Krypton. We present and discuss the results of these test-beam studies with different active gas compositions.

This work is devoted to study of the diamond based radiation detectors. Experiments were carried out with two types of detectors: based on a thin diamond film and on a composite diamond plate. The following types of ionizing radiation has been used in experiments: beta radiation of ⁹⁰Sr - ⁹⁰Y, fission fragments and alpha particles of ²⁵²Cf, and Kr ions obtained at the particle accelerator. It is shown that the developed thin-film diamond based detector effectively registers heavy charged particles, whereas beta, neutron and gamma radiation does not give a significant contribution to the detector signals. Those type of detectors are proposed for measurement of heavy charged particles linear energy transfer in diamond. The multilayer diamond based detector (detector with a composite diamond plate) showed improved charge collection efficiency values in compare with the detection with a single diamond plate.

The Hadron Calorimeter of LHCb (HCAL) is one of the four sub-detectors of the experiment calorimetric system, which also includes: Scintillator Pad Detector (SPD), Pre-Shower Detector (PS), and electromagnetic (ECAL) calorimeter. The main purpose of HCAL is to provide data for Level-0 trigger for selection events with high transverse energy hadrons. It is important to have a precise and reliable calibration system which produces result immediately after the calibration run. LHCb HCAL is equipped with a calibration system based on ¹³⁷Cs radioactive source embedded into the calorimeter structure. It allows to obtain absolute calibration with good precision and monitor technical condition of the detector.

The main goal of the pair spectrometer of the GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab is to determine the photon beam flux and to measure beam polarization. We present the design of the pair spectrometer and the performance results during fist commissioning runs of the GlueX experiment.

The space project "Sonya" is designed to detect cosmic positrons and electrons through their synchrotron X-ray emission in the Earth magnetic field. The proposed instrument can identify the charge sign and determine the energy of TeV electrons and positrons. Modern magnetic spectrometers aren't able to measure positrons above several hundreds GeV. Simulation of the instrument were performed. Advantages of the method are high proton background rejection and high value of effective area of the instrument with energy. As simulation shows the proposed instrument with effective area about 1m² will detect several tens of TeV positrons per year

The design and parameters of the polarized-beam facility at U-70 proton synchrotron of IHEP, Protvino, are presented. The polarized proton and antiproton beam line 24A is currently under development at IHEP. It will serve as a main playground for carrying out the rich program of the SPASCHARM experiment for comprehensive studies of spin phenomena in a wide variety of hadronic reactions in the beam energy range of ∼10–45 GeV.

There is description of the development of detectors for neutrons, based on polystyrene and cadmium layers. Cadmium is used as neutron's converters via reaction (n,γ) and polystyrene is used as scintillation material to register the originated gamma quanta. The simulation and experimental investigations of proposed detectors design are presented. The main advantages of proposed detection are short measurement time - approximately 5 µsec. It is shown that the principle, suggested in the models, can be applied to the detection of neutrons from a pulsed neutron source, for example, secondary neutrons, generated by hadron showers in the space environment or by high-intensity pulsed sources based on accelerators. Detection efficiency for the 24*20 cm² size detector model, measured during the experiment and simulated by the Monte Carlo technique is about 1% with the measurement time being approximately 5 µsec

We describe the absolute polarimeters for the beam channel intended to transport polarized proton and antiproton beam at U70 accelerator. The circulating proton beam of 60 GeV/c and intensity 10¹³ p/cycle is slowly extracted from accelerator. It strakes the external an aluminum target of one interaction length. The emitted on forward direction Λ and $\bar \Lambda$ hyperons by parity violating process serve as the source of the polarized protons and antiprotons. In this case we expect to get the polarized antiproton beams in the momentum range 10-40 GeV/c with intensity, approximately 10⁴ – 4x10⁵ antiprotons/cycle, 10⁶ protons/cycle.

Were conducted a series of experiments, the purpose of which had to verify the mathematical model of the radiation environment sensor. Theoretical values of the beta particles count rate from ⁹⁰Sr - ⁹⁰Y source registered by radiation environment sensor was compared with the experimental one. Theoretical (calculated) count rate of beta particles was found with using the developed mathematical model of the radiation environment sensor. Deviation of the calculated values of the beta particle count rate does not exceed 10% from the experimental.

Large solar flares define parameters of space weather near the Earth and normal operation of spacecrafts substantially depends on the cosmic particles flux of solar wind. Therefore, search for large flares predictors is an important problem. We propose to approximate topology of the magnetic field of active region by graph, whose vertices are minima and maxima of a scalar field and edges form a so-called critical net. Localization and number of critical points change during the process of evolution and, therefore, it is possible to track dynamic regimes of active region by considering dynamics of graphs. Numerical characteristic of the critical net is a spectrum of eigenvalues of its discrete Laplacian. We present examples which show that, apparently, Laplacian spectrum is closely related to flaring activity. It will allow us to use critical net in prognostic systems for prediction of large solar flares.

A neutron detector, providing charged particle detection capability, has been designed. The main purpose of the detector is to measure pulsed fluxes of both charged particles and neutrons during scientific experiments. The detector consists of commonly used neutron-sensitive ZnS(Ag) / ⁶LiF scintillator screens wrapping a layer of polystyrene based scintillator (BC-454, EJ-254 or equivalent boron loaded plastic). This type of detector design is able to log a spatial distribution of events and may be scaled to any size. Different variations of the design were considered and modelled in specialized toolkits. The article presents a review of the detector design features as well as simulation results.

Operating conditions and challenging demands of present and future accelerator experiments result in new requirements on detector systems. There are many ongoing activities aimed to develop new technologies and to improve the properties of detectors based on existing technologies. Our work is dedicated to development of Transition Radiation Detectors (TRD) suitable for different applications. In this paper results obtained in beam tests at SPS accelerator at CERN with the TRD prototype based on straw technology are presented. TRD performance was studied as a function of thickness of the transition radiation radiator and working gas mixture pressure.

A 'knee-like' approximation of Cherenkov light Lateral Distribution Functions, which we developed earlier, now is used for the actual tasks of background rejection methods for high energy (tens and hundreds of TeV) gamma-ray astronomy. In this work we implement this technique to the HiSCORE wide angle timing array consisting of Cherenkov light detectors with spacing of 100 m covering 0.2 km² presently and up to 5 km² in future. However, it can be applied to other similar arrays. We also show that the application of a multivariable approach (where 3 parameters of the knee-like approximation are used) allows us to reach a high level of background rejection, but it strongly depends on the number of hit detectors.

The increase of luminosity of the SPS beams expected after 2020 allows considering the investigation of rather rare processes. In particular, so-called cumulative particle production can be studied in hadron collisions by measurements of secondary particle yields in regions kinematically forbidden for reactions with free nucleons. Such processes could be either a result of hard parton collisions with some large-density multi-quark configuration or of the formation of heavy baryonic resonances. Measurements in the backward hemisphere in fixed target experiment should provide the event-by-event data that could be used, along with those from the forward region, for a correlation analysis, thus resulting in new constraints on models. In this report the preliminary design, ideas, technology and the first GEANT simulations of a proposed new detector are presented and discussed.

As a result of the LHC injectors upgrade after the Long Shutdown (2019-2020), the expected Pb-Pb luminosity and collision rate during the so called Runs 3 and 4 will considerably exceed the design parameters for several of the key ALICE detectors systems including the forward trigger detectors. Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) will be the primary forward trigger, luminosity, and collision time measurement detector. It will also determine multiplicity, centrality, and reaction plane of heavy ion collisions. FIT is expected to match and even exceed the functionality and performance currently secured by three ALICE sub-detectors: the time zero detector (T0), the VZERO system (V0), and the Forward Multiplicity Detector (FMD). FIT will consist of two arrays of Cherenkov radiators with MCP-PMT sensors and of a single, large-size scintillator ring. Because of the presence of the muon spectrometer, the placement of the FIT arrays will be asymmetric: ∼800 mm from the interaction point (IP) on the absorber side and ∼3200 mm from IP on the opposite side. The ongoing beam tests and Monte Carlo studies verify the physics performance and refine the geometry of the FIT arrays. The presentation gives a short description of FIT, triggers and readout requirement for the ALICE Upgrade, a summary of the performance, and the outcome of the simulations and beam tests.

Method of analyzing the impact of interference (noise) from power and ground circuits on the interface part of high-speed transceivers is presented. The method is based on the construction of special macro models of the studied devices with selected nodes of interest, analysis and calculation of the parameters of these macro models in the frequency domain. The comparison of different types of drivers as part of the transmitters it has been performed and the advantages of pseudo-LVDS drivers in terms of noise immunity has been shown, confirmed by calculations in the time domain.

The recent results of the work carried out by the laboratory of charged particle accelerators information systems in Department of Electrophysical facilities NRNU MEPhI are considered. The researches are connected with the creation of the data-processing support center and remote access of the main educational cycles (within the department). The creation process of the virtual electrophysics laboratories, which can simulate the operation of the main accelerators subsystems and the related research work, is also considered..

It is well known that there is a trade-off between performance and power consumption in onboard computers. The fault-tolerance is another important factor affecting performance, chip area and power consumption. Involving special SRAM cells and error-correcting codes is often too expensive with relation to the performance needed. We discuss the possibility of finding the optimal solutions for modern onboard computer for scientific apparatus focusing on multi-level cache memory design.

The paper describes the approach to designing built-in monitoring buffers for the purpose of checking the functionality of ASICs as parts of test printed boards. A figure of merit (FOM), based on that analysis is suggested. Features of the FOM, applied to particle physics experiments, are the speed, power consumption, load driving capability and occupied chip area.

As an example, illustrating the choice of buffer according to the proposed FOM, there are presented the results of designing a buffer version as part of an ASIC for the CBM MUCH(http://www.fair-center.eu/for-users/experiments/cbm.html).

Scalable Low Voltage Signaling (SLVS) Transmitter (Tx) and Receiver (Rx) IP blocks are designed in the UMC 180 nm CMOS technology as component of the readout ASIC for the muon chambers (MUCH) of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR (Darmstadt, Germany). These blocks are a prototype of the physical layer of the e-link interface that is used for ASIC-GBTx connection. The experimental results at 320 Mbit/s are presented.

The development of an analog read-out channel for time projection chambers (TPC) is presented both in schematic and layout. Structure of the channel consists of a preamplifier, fourth order shaper and differential buffer. The channel operates with positive and negative polarities of input charge. The prototype has the following features: dynamic range of 100 fC for both polarities, 20 mv/fC of sensitivity for differential output, peaking time – 160 ns, ENC - <1000e at 40 pF of source capacitance. The presented channel was designed and verified in the CMOS UMC MMRF 180 nm process. The results of post layout simulation are presented.

A low power area efficient 5 bit current steering DAC is presented. The proposed DAC is integrated to prototype the readout channel for muon chamber in CBM experiment. DAC was implemented with an area of 0.019 mm² in the CMOS process using UMS MMRF 180 nm technology. This DAC has ultralow power consumption - 25μW. The measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) is better than 0.25 LSB, integral nonlinearity (INL) is better than 0.2 LSB. In this paper the main steps of design flow, simulation results and measurement results are presented.

In modern multichannel data processing digital systems the number of channels ranges from some hundred thousand to millions. The basis of the elemental base of these systems are ASICs. Their most important characteristics are performance, power consumption and occupied area. ASIC design is a time and labor consuming process. In order to improve performance and reduce the designing time it is proposed to supplement the standard design flow with an optimization stage of the channel parameters based on the most efficient use of chip area and power consumption.

The structure of a 32-channel system of asynchronous data processing is considered. The data come from the detectors of nuclear physics experiments. Processing is provided for signals with a mean frequency of up to 10 MHz in each channel. The system provides generation of data packages, consisting of digital codes of signal amplitude, of signal superposition in peak detectors, of signal arrival time and number of channel wherein the event has occurred with a subsequent 8b10b coding. The considered system allows us to regulate dynamically the number of active channels. Two interface of data exchange – the slow I2C and high-speed (320 MHz), providing communication IC with the GBTX chip, have been built in the system. The results of developing the structural diagram and circuital-layout solutions of separate units are presented. System prototyping is implemented by the 180nm CMOS technology of UMC. The results of testing both separate blocks and the whole system are presented.

The structure of the interface of data exchange with the GBTX chip for the CBM experiment is considered. The interface generates a data package, consisting of the digital codes of signal amplitude, signal superposition in peak detector, signal arrival time and channel number, wherein the event has occurred, all these codes being generated by the readout blocks of IC. The created data package is coded according to the 8b/10b format for transferring to the GBTX chip. The packages register of controlling data (warnings on error and desynchronization) are generated for a correct exchange (correspondence) under the GBTX protocol. The adjustment of the quantity of channels, generating data packages and being connected to the GBTX chip, is possible. The interface has been designed according to the 180 nm CMOS technology of UMC.

The expedience of building wideband multistage amplifiers, the stages of which are connected with each other so, that the "modes of impedance mismatch" are realized, is justified. Those modes allow us to reduce considerably the sensitivity of amplifier transfer factors to the stray (constructional) capacitances and inductances of interstage circuits. The procedure of synthesizing the schematics of such amplifiers is proposed, the efficiency and clarity of which are provided by using the method of signal graphs.

Problems of onboard space scientific devices control, collecting auxiliary service information about working capacity, conditions of experiment carrying out and preliminary data processing for real time calibration and stabilizing of operational parameters are actual for any space devices. In this paper we describe and discuss service data acquisition and onboard control for "GRIS-BD" unit in "GRIS" space experiment onboard ISS. This system provides temperature measurements in different equipment parts (in power supplies, on scintillation crystals for energy ranges correction, etc.), precision thresholds measurements in discrimination circuits, status different switching on/off (in real time), precision control detector parameters by high-voltage regulation, fine thresholds changing (analog regulation), different switching on/off (in real time), statistical analysis of data flows and change of operation modes of the device.

The implementation of the high voltage power supply control system (HVPSCS) for experimental setup FODS (FOcusing Doublearmed Spectrometer) at accelerator U-70 of the Federal State Budgetary Institution State Research Center Of Russia Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" (hereinafter referred to as IHEP) or for the test bench of the detector components is considered. The required set of hardware is defined and the appropriate software to operate HVPSCS is written in C/C++ codes. The date acquisition (DAQ) system [1] makes automatic control on HVPSCS for data taking run. It allows to get the dependence of appropriate detector parameters on the high voltage supply values and choose its optimal values for FODS detectors. The test run results of HVPSCS are presented.

Response function simulation using Geant 4 for the detector based on NaI crystal of complex shape in registration systems for the SAGE and BEST experiments is presented. Cylindric NaI crystal has a large well for placing up to eight proportional counters. The detector is using as anti-coincidence shield for counters and an instrument for analysis of different γ-rays sources. The result of detector response function simulation for different background sources and their registration efficiency are given.

Registration systems of rare events from ⁷¹Ge decay in radiochemical gallium experiments SAGE and BEST are presented, where miniature proportional counters are used as detectors. The registration of the events is provided by eight counting channels simultaneously in the energy range of 0.4–15 keV which includes the ⁷¹Ge decays in the region of the L and K peaks with total efficiency up to 75%. Data analysis is based on full charge pulse shape recording using digital oscilloscope. Effective background discrimination is basically obtained due to low noise (<0.32 keV) and wide bandwidth (>100 MHz) of the system electronics. The design and main parameters of base components of the registration systems, description of electronics and comparison of their electrical and counting characteristics are given.

Some results on the EAS neutron component measurements by means of the PRISMA-32 array are presented. The array consists of 32 electron-neutron detectors (en-detectors) capable to detect two main EAS components: electromagnetic one consisting of charged particles, and hadronic one by measuring delayed thermal neutrons accompanying the showers. For thermal neutrons detection, a compound of a well-known inorganic scintillator ZnS(Ag) and LiF, enriched to 90 % with ⁶Li isotope is used. The setup allows us to record neutron component over the whole array area.

The paper is a brief review of activities of Federal State Unitary Enterprise "VNIIA" and National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" in the development of radiation detectors for various applications.

Integrated circuits are one of the key complex units available to designers of multichannel detector setups. A whole number of factors makes Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) valuable for Particle Physics and Astrophysics experiments. Among them the most important ones are: integration scale, low power dissipation, radiation tolerance. In order to make possible future experiments in the intensity, cosmic, and energy frontiers today ASICs should provide new level of functionality at a new set of constraints and trade-offs, like low-noise high-dynamic range amplification and pulse shaping, high-speed waveform sampling, low power digitization, fast digital data processing, serialization and data transmission. All integrated circuits, necessary for physical instrumentation, should be radiation tolerant at an earlier not reached level (hundreds of Mrad) of total ionizing dose and allow minute almost 3D assemblies. The paper is based on literary source analysis and presents an overview of the state of the art and trends in nowadays chip design, using partially own ASIC lab experience. That shows a next stage of ising micro- and nanoelectronics in physical instrumentation.

After the successful operation at the centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV in 2010-2012, the LHC was ramped up and successfully took data at the centre-of-mass energies of 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. Meanwhile, plans are actively advancing for a series of upgrades of the accelerator, culminating roughly ten years from now in the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, which will deliver of the order of five times the LHC nominal instantaneous luminosity along with luminosity levelling. The ultimate goal is to extend the dataset from about few hundred fb⁻¹ expected for LHC running by the end of 2018 to 3000 fb⁻¹ by around 2035 for ATLAS and CMS. The challenge of coping with the HL-LHC instantaneous and integrated luminosity, along with the associated radiation levels, requires further major changes to the ATLAS detector. The designs are developing rapidly for a new all-silicon tracker, significant upgrades of the calorimeter and muon systems, as well as improved triggers and data acquisition. ATLAS is also examining potential benefits of extensions to larger pseudorapidity, particularly in tracking and muon systems. This report summarizes various improvements to the ATLAS detector required to cope with the anticipated evolution of the LHC luminosity during this decade and the next. A brief overview is also given on physics prospects with a pp centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV.

Use of ultracold neutrons (UCN) gives unique opportunities of a research of fundamental interactions in physics of elementary particles. Search of the electric dipole moment of a neutron (EDM) aims to test models of CP violation. Precise measurement of neutron lifetime is extremely important for cosmology and astrophysics. Considerable progress in these questions can be reached due to supersource of ultracold neutrons on the basis of superfluid helium which is under construction now in PNPI NRC KI. This source will allow us to increase density of ultracold neutrons approximately by 100 times in respect to the best UCN source at high flux reactor of Institute Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France). Now the project and basic elements of the source are prepared, full-scale model of the source is tested, the scientific program is developed. Increase in accuracy of neutron EDM measurements by order of magnitude, down to level 10^-27 -10^-28 e cm is planned. It is highly important for physics of elementary particles. Accuracy of measurement of neutron lifetime can be increased by order of magnitude also. At last, at achievement of UCN density ∼ 10³ – 10⁴ cm^-3, the experiment search for a neutron-antineutron oscillations using UCN will be possible. The present status of the project and its scientific program will be discussed.

Results of nuclear physics research made using track detectors are briefly reviewed. Advantages and prospects of the track detection technique in particle physics, neutrino physics, astrophysics and other fields are discussed on the example of the results of the search for direct origination of tau neutrino in a muon neutrino beam within the framework of the international experiment OPERA (Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus) and works on search for superheavy nuclei in nature on base of their tracks in meteoritic olivine crystals. The spectra of superheavy elements in galactic cosmic rays are presented. Prospects of using the track detection technique in fundamental and applied research are reported.

This paper reviews applications of two-phase emission detectors using xenon as working media. This kind of detectors invented at MEPhI is extremely sensitive to ionization (down to single electrons) and can be very massive (in ton scale) in order to provide high count rate for quite rare events and organize an active shielding from natural radioactivity in the wallles configuration of readout system. The emission detectors found their unique application in the most sensitive at the moment experiments searching for cold dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The RED-100 detector recently constructed at NRNU MEPhI can be used for the first observation of the elastic coherent neutrino scattering off xenon nuclei when the detector is installed practically on the Earth's surface.