Table of contents

2022 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Ecological Environment (AMEE 2022) has been held successfully from December 17th-18th, 2022, organized by Hubei Zhongke Institute of Geology and Environment Technology. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to influence badly, AMEE 2022, with a keen focus on the safety and health of all partners and authors, took place virtually.

AMEE 2022 proceeding tends to collect the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and worldwide state-of-art knowledge on Advanced Materials and Ecological Environment. All the accepted papers have been submitted to strict peer-review by 2-3 expert referees, and selected based on originality, significance and clarity for the purpose of the conference. The conference program is extremely rich, profound and featuring high-impact presentations of selected papers and additional late-breaking contributions. Professor Brian Cantor from University of Oxford and other professors delivered speeches at the conference. We sincerely hope that the conference would not only show the participants a broad overview of the latest research results on related fields, but also provide them with a significant platform for academic connection and exchange.

The Technical Program Committee members have been working very hard to meet the deadline of review. We have collected more than 120 submissions during the conference period. The final conference consists of 71 papers divided into 3 parts, including plenary/keynote/invited speeches, oral presentations, and e-poster presentations.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to editors and all the TPC members for their hard work, precious time and endeavor preparing for the conference. Our deepest thanks also go to the volunteers and staffs for their long-hours work and generosity they've given to the conference. The last but not least, we would like to thank each and every of the authors, speakers and participants for their great contributions to the success of AMEE 2022.

List of Organizer, Technical Program Committee Chair, Committee Member are available in this Pdf.

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous

• Conference submission management system: Morressier

• Number of submissions received: 123

• Number of submissions sent for review: 121

• Number of submissions accepted: 71

• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 57.7

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 43

• Contact person for queries:

Name: Amanda Chen

Email: ameeconfer@163.com

Affiliation: Hubei Zhongke Institute of Geology and Environment Technology - 2022 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Ecological Environment

An insulator plays an important role in the external insulation of power grid. The antifouling flashover coating on the insulator's surface can effectively reduce the incidence of pollution flashover accidents. Local overheating, local arc, lightning and other damage lead to the deterioration of the antifouling flashover coating, resulting in pollution flashover accidents. In order to realize the on-line identification of electric arc on the surface of antifouling flashover coating, various functional nanoparticles were prepared and added into the silicone rubber to prepare functional antifouling flashover coating. The colour deviation of the coating heated at different temperatures was measured by a spectrophotometer, and the trace of arcs on the sample surface was observed. The results show that the functional nanoparticles can slightly improve the tensile strength and AC breakdown strength of silicone rubber composites. The composites change colour in 2 min at 250°C or 1s at 500°C, showing obvious indication traces after an electric arc passes the surface of an insulator in a short period. Still, the composites possess excellent functional properties after 1000h artificial accelerated aging test.

The innovative glassy carbon electrode used in the determination of sunset yellow is modified using a carbon-coated nickel/nitrogen doped graphene composite film. (C-Ni/NGE/GCE). The morphology and structure of different materials (C-Ni and NG) were characterized by transmission electron microscope. When HAc-NaAc (pH=4) was selected as the electrolyte solution, the maximum current of C-Ni/NGE/GCE oxidation peak was reached when the electrolyte concentration was 0.15 mol·L⁻¹, which was a reversible redox peak. The maximum linear range is 1.0×10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹ and the minimum is 4.0×10⁻⁶ mol·L⁻¹. Taking the peak current as the vertical coordinate and SY concentration as the horizontal coordinate, the working standard curve equation obtained by differential pulse voltammetry is Ip(μA)=0.187+56.91c (μmol·L⁻¹ )(R²=0.9992). The detection limit was 5.0×10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹. The electrochemical behavior of SY shows proton number (X=1) and electron transfer number (n=1). The recovery rate of SY in beverage was 101.5%-103.3%. The following research of sensor to nitrite was the linear range, recovery rate and uL, produced in small experiments.

Magnetic graphene oxide-SiO₂-TiO₂ (MGST) composite was prepared for the absorption and further photodegradation of PAHs to reduce the risk of PAHs in the water environment. Magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was obtained by introducing Fe₃O₄ to graphite oxide (GO). Furthermore, the suitable SiO₂ layer was wrapped on the MGO for further modification with TiO₂. Finally, the functional MGST composite with uniform morphology was obtained. Naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were selected as models. It was found that the adsorption capacity of MGST showed the order of naphthalene (NAP) < phenanthrene (PHE) < pyrene (PYR).

All-wet metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) has been demonstrated as a simple and effective method to fabricate silicon nanocones (SiNCs). The properties of SiNCs strongly depend on their structure parameters such as the cone angle and can be optimized through modulating the cone angle. However, cone angle modulation of SiNCs in all-wet MACE processes has not been achieved. Here, we report the fabrication of SiNCs with different cone angles through double etching processes in all-wet MACE. Large-size silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were first obtained by solution deposition. After a common etching process, a double etching process with diluted etching solutions was introduced. In the etching step, AgNPs gradually reduced with the Si etching, which resulted in the formation of SiNCs. The cone angles of SiNCs depend on the changing rate of AgNP sizes. Based on this mechanism, SiNCs with different cone angles from 5°-20° were successfully fabricated by changing the concentration of the diluted etching solution in the double etching process. The contact angle of SiNCs with different cone angles was also investigated. It is found that the wettability of the SiNCs becomes poorer with increasing cone angles. Cone angle modulation of SiNCs in all-wet MACE will benefit the property control and the wide applications of SiNCs.

Co_5.47N nanoneedles with hierarchical structure were fabricated on nickel foam, and then grafting with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-prepared nickel foam samples exhibited both super-hydrophobicity and super-lipophilicity. The water contact angle (WCA) of the as-prepared nickel foam was 156°, and oil drops could penetrate through the sample within 13ms. The superhydrophobic nickel foam can be used as an ideal material for oil-water separation, due to its superhydrophobic and superlipophilic properties.

Solution-processed TADF dendrimer based on D-A-D structure has been synthesized, which named POtCz-DPyM. The dendrimers show a small ΔE_st. The performance of OLED device shows a relatively low turn-on voltage (4.2 V), the CE_max efficiency of 13.0 cd A⁻¹, the EQE_max of 5.6%. Moreover, the POt modified carbazole was used as the donor to synthesize this novel dendrimer for the first time. And the solution-processed OLED based on POtCz-DPyM as emitter shows high performance among solution-processed devices.

The main function of power devices is to convert electrical energy through high-speed switching, such as AC/DC, high and low voltage conversion, etc. Therefore, the performance of the device directly affects the performance of the power electronic device, thereby further affecting the conversion efficiency of electrical energy. The arrival of the 5G era has greatly increased the demand for gallium nitride (GaN). The development of the wireless communication market has made GaN play a key role in many aspects of human activities. The main aim of this article is to research the application of GaN power devices in magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper first introduces the related concepts of GaN power devices, magnetic coupling resonance and WPT, and analyzes the construction of magnetic coupling resonance WPT system in detail. Secondly, the energy transmission structure is analyzed, the system is designed and the system loss is calculated and analyzed. The system loss experiment shows that by using the output capacitor of the GaN device, the dead time is optimized, the conduction loss of the switch tube is reduced, the efficiency of the converter device is improved, and the practical application of the GaN device is provided.

For a new type of BFRP composite based on epoxy silicate resin, the confined influence on the concrete structure was studied by model experiment and theoretical analysis. The effects of wrapping form and layers on the behavior of the square concrete column was understood. The results showed the development trend of the loading curve of specimens confined by BFRP and CFRP is basically consistent, but the confined effect of BFRP is relatively poor. Under the two layers of full coverage, the axial compressive strength of the BFRP-confined groups and the CFRP-confined groups was increased by 28.45% and 64.73%, respectively. The existing codes have good applicability to CFRP specimens, but poor applicability to BFRP specimens. The calculation model proposed here can accurately describe the axial compression bearing capacity of new BFRP reinforced square concrete columns.

In order to investigate the effect of high temperature on the performance of three high viscous asphalt in company with various aging degrees (ADs), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test was employed. CRR and irrecoverable compliance were also carried out to measure the high temperature resistance of high viscous asphalt to external loading in the presence of various aging conditions (ACs) as well as to examine the sensitivity of high viscous asphalt towards the stress. The findings of the study demonstrated that after short- and long-term aging, the high-viscosity asphalt turned harder. Also, type I high-viscosity asphalt was observed to have the greatest deformation resistance acted upon by various stress fields and ACs. Furthermore, in company with various ACs, while the average creep recovery rate (CRR) of Type I and Type II high-viscosity asphalt was found to be higher than that of the SBS modified asphalt, the average irrecoverable compliance was observed to be smaller. This indicated the significant effect of high-viscosity modifiers on the improvement of the elastic recovery performance of asphalt and its resistance to high temperature flow deformation. Contrary to the order of their CRRs, the magnitude of stress sensitivity of the three high-viscosity asphalt at various ADs was observed to be type II < type I < SBS modified asphalt, indicating a good negative correlation between stress sensitivity and average CRR. Furthermore, the obtained results revealed that, in the presence of various ACs, the high temperature viscoelastic qualities of high viscosity modified asphalt is considered by the MSCR test. Also, to comprehensively evaluate the high temperature performance of high viscosity modified asphalt at various Ads, the use of such indexes as the average CRR, average irrecoverable compliance and stress sensitivity coefficient were essential.

This article reviews the physical mechanism of spin-dependent magnetoresistance and its early application in sensors. The magnetic field performance generated by the current to be measured is explained. According to the realization of the magnetoresistance measurement of this characteristic, seven main indicators of the current sensor are summarized. Starting with the structure of magnetoresistance devices and magnetoresistance units of current sensors based on spin-dependent magnetoresistance effect, several design methods of sensors and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Starting from the role of AMR, GMR and TMR in magnetoresistance cells, the structure of series and parallel arrays, permanent magnet bias, coil bias, coil reset, flux aggregator and superconducting ring are analyzed, and several design methods of sensors are summarized as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the possible development direction of the current sensor is forecasted based on the recently discovered spin correlation effect.

The seamless line pipe, which has fine low temperature impact properties for Low-temperature Service and good H2S corrosion resistance, was investigated through chemical composition designing, optimizing smelting-rolling processes, and heat treatment processes following ASTM A333 standard. The influence of normalizing on the impact property and corrosion resistance was studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, mechanical test and corrosion test. It is demonstrated that the low temperature mechanical properties and anti-H2S corrosion properties of hot-rolled trial-pipe and normalized trial-pipe meet ASTM A333 standard. The microstructure of hot-rolled trial-pipe is pearlite and ferrite, and the grain distribution is uniform and grain size is fine. The dominated precipitates phase are TiN particles in hot-rolled trial-pipe. Ductile to brittle transition temperature is determined at -60 °C. The grain refinement is achieved after normalized and the main precipitates are TiN particles together with a few VN particles. Ductile tobrittle transition temperature was further lowered, at - 80 °C. The corrosion behavior of the material was examined by hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) corrosion test, sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) test and polarization test at various polarization scanning rates. It is observed that the anti-HIC corrosion performance and SSC corrosion resistance are similar for both hot-rolled and normalized pipes, but the performance of electrochemical corrosion of normalized pipe is better than hot-rolled pipe, which indicates that the normalized pipe is more suitable for demanding corrosive environments.

The spatial surface of the midwater trawl was reconstructed with combined interpolation methods of cubic spline, cubic Heimite and polar-coordinate periodic spline interpolation. The results show that the trawl surface obtained only by the ring section method or the vertical section method has a certain deviation, especially when cubic spline is used only in the X direction. When the ring section is combined with the vertical section, and the cubic spline is combined with the cubic Heimite in the X direction, the smoothest feasible trawl surface can be obtained. Two different trawl volume algorithms (volume element method and numerical integration method) were proposed. The finite volume element method can accurately calculate the volume inside the trawl, and the approximation calculation result of the numerical integration method is also very ideal. The numerical integration method is easier to calculate and suitable for the calculation of the trawl volume under any circumstances.

Two punching shear failure tests of two-way concrete slab reinforced by CFRP grid and HRB 400 steel were studied in this paper. The reinforcement ratio of slab reinforced with CFRP grid and HRB400 is 0.33% and 0.37 respectively. The upper and lower surfaces of the concrete slab's tensile and compressive strains, the reinforcement strains, the load deflection of the slabs, and the applied load value were analyzed. The results show that under approximately the same reinforcement ratio, the concrete slab reinforced with CFRP grid has higher bearing capacity. Both slab failure formed with punching cones, the punching cone angle of CFRP grid slab is 24.1°, which is far less than 38° for reinforced concrete slabs. The tests results indicated that there is a cooperative between longitudinal and transverse limb of CFRP grid.

Polyacrylamide and its derivatives are commonly used functional polymers to enhance oil recovery in a water-flooding oilfield. By using its hydrophilic amide group to swell and gel in stratum water, it can plug the fractures and pore throats of underground. In order to improve the strength of polyacrylamide material, the polystyrene/polyacrylamide (PS/PAM) core-shell microspheres were successfully prepared by the microfluidizer-assistant emulsification template method. The influences of different preparation conditions, such as the different types and concentrations of surfactants, organic phase and oil/water ratios, on the morphology, diameter, and distribution of corresponding PS core have been systematically studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and laser light scattering analysis (LLS). Moreover, by the integration of porous meshes onto both inlet and outlet of the interaction chamber, the resultant polymer microspheres could be tuned larger due to the dual homogenization. Our procedure can provide a simple and general method to modulate the diameter of the polymer microspheres in the range of 30 nm to 3 μm with a narrow polydispersity index (PDI) of <0.2. The PS/PAM core-shell microspheres exhibited good water plugging performance.

Heat conduction boundary conditions play a crucial role in the performance of thermoelectric generators (TEG). The TEG output voltage and power were measured under constant temperature boundary and heat flux conditions to evaluate the TEG performance under different heat conduction boundary conditions. External loading pressure and thermal interface material (TIM) were applied to reduce the interfacial thermal contact resistance. In our measurement setup, a fast-response electronic load was used for the rapid current-voltage scan, which can eliminate the thermal drift caused by the Peltier effect. A guard heater arrangement is used to minimize heat loss. In constant temperature boundary conditions, reducing the thermal contact resistance can increase the effective temperature drop across the TEG module and significantly improve the output voltage and power. But in the constant heat flux conditions, since the heat flux flow through the TEG is unchanged, the temperature drop across the TEG was unaffected by the thermal contact resistance. As a result, the TEG performance was lightly influenced by the thermal contact resistance.

Prestressed concrete box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs is a new type of bridge which uses corrugated steel webs to replace the traditional concrete webs. Compared with the traditional box girder bridge, it has certain advantages and has been widely used in bridge engineering. Combined with the characteristics of prestressed concrete box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs and reactive powder concrete theory, this paper puts forward the concept of new prestressed corrugated steel webs reactive powder concrete box girder bridge. By improving the material properties, structural design and construction methods of prestressed concrete composite structure with corrugated steel webs, its bearing capacity can be improved, so as to improve its construction efficiency and economic benefits. The research shows that the prestressed reactive powder concrete box girder with corrugated steel webs has the advantages of light structure and convenient construction, and has superior mechanical properties and obvious economic benefits when it bears the equivalent external load of prestressed corrugated steel web concrete composite girder.

The high-speed and high-torque diaphragm disc coupling used in coal machine-driven systems is the critical power transmission component, especially in high-speed and heavy-duty shafting. The dynamic rotor characteristics are significant. In the case of external excitation in the installation or working process of diaphragm coupling, it is inevitable to have axial deviation, angular misalignment, and radial misalignment error. Therefore, analyzing the prestress mode under the assembly error of diaphragm disc coupling is crucial. The finite element model of diaphragm plate coupling was established using ABAQUS software. The accessible way under critical speed, the mode under axial dislocation, and radial dislocation were analyzed. The results show that the assembly error of the diaphragm disc coupling will affect the first and second-order natural frequencies in a specific range but will not cause resonance.

Hemispherical resonance gyroscope originated in the 1960s. With its outstanding advantages of high precision, simple structure and long service life, it is increasingly widely used in aerospace, tactical weapons and other fields. The hemispherical resonator, the core part of the gyroscope, is a thin-walled part with high steepness curved surface and hard and brittle material. Limited by the current processing level, it is difficult to obtain good shape and position accuracy, resulting in uneven mass distribution and frequency cracking, which affects the accuracy of the gyroscope. Based on the precision machining of hemispherical resonator, this paper carries out the research on the measurement method of shape and position error, focuses on the measurement method of the roundness and end face of the resonator, uses the cylindricity meter to complete the measurement of the roundness error of the inner and outer hemispherical shell of the resonator, and uses the white light interferometer and the subaperture stitching technology to realize the measurement of the full aperture surface of the end face of the hemispherical shell. This work provides theoretical guidance for subsequent processing and is of great significance to improve the quality of harmonic oscillator.

To fulfill intelligent human-machine interface, the crucial information about the human health condition tends to be acquired with great sensitivity, stability and durability. Despite some remarkable progress for the bioelectric signal perception in recent years, the epidermal electrode still suffers from the motion artifacts, inability and sweat permeability. So the evolution of high-performance epidermal electrode has been the research focus and receives much attention in recent years. To satisfy the growing pursuit for smarter sensing, this article proposes a cost-effective strategy to fabricate e-tattoo epidermal electrode for acquisition of the epidermal bioelectric signal and provides demonstrations of electrocardiograph and electromyography applications. The maximum current change is only 1.6% in the 3-dimensional strain electrical test, and the maximum strain range could reach 40% for a normal usage. The mechanism relies upon conformal contact between the electrode and skin texture with ultra-thin process scale, which makes the device achieves high sensitivity and durability in a human-machine interface. The gesture recognition and wearable device demonstration further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface and bring up the potential of clinical application.

The formation characteristics of reactive material (RM) composite jet were studied by finite element software AUTODYN. The effect of diameter and thickness ratio, and cone angle of the liner on the tip velocity of composite jet and effective jet length were investigated. In numerical simulations, with increasing of the ratio of liner diameter, the ratio of liner thickness and the liner cone angle, the tip velocity of the composite jet decrease. With increasing of the liner cone angle, the effective length of composite jet decreases. But it is almost independent of the liner diameter and thickness ratio. When the liner diameter ratio is 0.6-0.8, the liner thickness ratio is 0.1-0.2, and the cone angle of composite liner is 60°-80°, the comprehensive performance of the RM-composite jet is better.

The axial-flow turbomachinery is important in water supply and drainage. However, there is a gap between the blade tip and the casing, which is easy to cause tip leakage vortex. Tip leakage of axial-flow turbomachinery has bad impact on the operation stability. In this case, the numerical simulation is used to study the simplified hydrofoil model with clearance. Then the change of tip leakage vortex core position and the pressure distribution are analyzed. Results show that with the fluid flows downstream, the longitudinal position of the tip leakage vortex core first drops and then rises. On different streamwise planes, the vortex core has the lowest pressure. From the downstream to the vortex generating position, the vortex core pressure decreases gradually, and the cavitation is most likely to occur at the location where the vortex occurs.

The use of semiconductor photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants and convert them into useful chemical energy is a promising technology to solve environmental problems. MoS₂ and TiO₂ have matching band structures. In this work, detailed characterization showed that TiO₂/MoS₂ complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. It effectively increases the separation rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (Rh B) by TiO₂/MoS₂ composites with different proportions under visible light was studied. The results showed that the Mo/Ti ratio would affect the photocatalytic activity. The composite had the best catalytic performance when the Mo/Ti ratio was 2:1. Compared with the intrinsic TiO₂, its degradation rate increased by 60.28%.

As the key mineral component of human bones, hydroxyapatite (HA) has grasped much attention due to its outstanding biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconductive properties. Among different morphologies of HA materials, the special structure and good performance of HA nanotubes has been the focus of many scientific researchers. HA nanomaterials with hollow tube shapes have a relatively high surface area, low density and good mechanical property. However, the simple and convenient procedure to synthesize well distributed HA nanotubes is still rare. In this article, HA nanotubes with tens of nanometers in diameter and hundreds of microns in length were successfully synthesized via a simple solvothermal route. Calcium oleate and sodium hexametaphosphate are selected as the calcium source and phosphorus source, respectively. The surface structure of the HA nanotubes was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The synthesized HA nanotubes can be used in the area of adsorption, drug delivery and treatment of disease.

In the present study, antibacterial cotton fabrics loaded with silver nanoparticle were prepared. The fabrics were first treated by plasma and alkaline solution to improve their reactivity. Then silver oxide nanoparticles were loaded on the fabrics by ultrasonic spray treatment. Finally, the fabrics loaded with silver nanoparticles were obtained by reduced the silver oxide in-situ via H₂ DBD cold plasma. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that nanoparticles loaded on the final samples are fine, uniform and exist in the form of metallic state. The antibacterial performance of the samples was evaluated and the results indicated that the samples had antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the antibacterial fabrics prepared by this method have a potential application prospect in the medical fields.

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been extensively used to strengthen concrete columns. It is necessary to establish peak stress model with high prediction accuracy for FRP-confined concrete columns. A theoretical peak stress model of actively-confined concrete is proposed based on Jefferson's failure criterion. And a peak stress model for columns with circular sections (or concrete cylinders) is developed via the above theoretical model. By introducing the corner radius ratio ρ, a novel strength model for square concrete columns (or prisms) is further established. The proposed peak stress models are in good agreement with the experimental data covering the range of cylinder diameter D = 76 mm-610 mm, prism's side length B = 100 mm-400 mm and the unconfined concrete strength f'_c0 = 19.4 MPa-169.7 MPa. The established peak stress models are efficient due to the simpler expressions and high prediction accuracy.

Due to the big specific surface area, good flowability and absorption ability, porous spherical HA materials have received extensive attention of the researchers. However, the facile and convenient synthesis of well-rounded HA microspheres with a porous structure is rarely reported. What's more, the size of HA microspheres was usually less than 10 μm. In this study, by employing hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) as the pH regulator, hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres with good uniformity and a diameter of 30-150 μm are successfully fabricated by a one-step hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation method. To our knowledge, the synthesis of such HA microspheres by using HMT has not been reported yet. Results show that the initial pH value plays a key role in regulating the morphology of the final products and the optimal initial pH value to obtain well-rounded HA microspheres with a porous structure is 3.0-4.0, especially around 4.0. The obtained HA microspheres can be utilized as effective drug carriers for biomedical field.

The distributed driving system with electric wheel as key feature has become a major research issue in new energy automobile. However, wheel-edge driving system with reducing gear may cause significant increase of unsprung mass due to introduction of motor and reducer, which is negative to the vehicle maneuverability. As a result, this paper proposed a structural design of two stage reduction wheel-edge driving system which can convert unsprung mass into sprung mass, and established 1/4 three degree-of-freedom vertical vibration system model. Through simulation analysis, the effectiveness of such design was verified. Results showed that two stage reduction wheel-edge driving system can effectively suppress vertical vibration amplitude of automobile body, reduce vehicle dynamic tire loads, and increase riding comfort and tire ground adhesion.

Escalator is an indispensable means of transportation in daily life. In the past, people often focused on the safety of escalators. However, with the continuous improvement of living standards, people have begun to pay attention to the ride quality of escalators. At present, the detection of passenger ride quality has become a very important topic. The ride quality of elevator can reflect the level of elevator design, installation and service quality. At present, the measurement methods and requirements for the ride quality of traction and forced drive elevators have been very clear. However, the research on escalator ride quality is less. It is urgent to propose a unified inspection method, judgment method and evaluation method, so as to make a scientific, standardized and objective evaluation of the ride quality of the escalator. This article researches upward and downward vibration of escalator handrail through experiment and data analysis. In the experiment, the vibration data of the handrail are collected and processed by the measuring instrument. It is concluded that the x-axis vibration of escalator handrail is the most likely to cause the passenger ride quality problem. if mass or standardized measurement of the ride quality of escalator handrail is required, the inspection method can be simplified, focusing on measuring the x-axis vibration of the handrail.

As known to all, the quality of indoor air directly affects people's health. Although the existence of indoor air purification products has some purification functions, there are also a variety of shortcomings. For example, activated carbon can only physically adsorb formaldehyde and cannot decompose formaldehyde, which is easy to saturate and causes secondary pollution. Based on a Japanese patent, an air purification product reacts with formaldehyde to produce N-substituted imines. Meanwhile, the products are not small molecules such as water and carbon dioxide, thus the reaction is slow and cannot meet all of the people's needs. In this paper, a novel kind of indoor purification material is studied, which is a kind of Nanoparticle with strong oxidizing properties, showing a good function in removing formaldehyde, toluene, and other harmful gases as well as sterilization. In addition, the purification performance has been verified and compared with that of activated carbon commonly used in the market and an air purification product based on a Japanese patent, in which the main components are organic amine and amide complex. A series of experimental results show that the adsorption efficiency and capacity of the new adsorption purification material developed in this paper are much higher than those in the market. The adsorption capacity is 1.80 times that of activated carbon, and 1.13 times that of a Japanese famous brand formaldehyde removal product; The adsorption rate of the new adsorption and purification material is two times that of activated carbon, and 1.56 times that of a Japanese famous brand formaldehyde removal product. Furthermore, the new adsorption purification material has a strong inhibitory effect on common bacteria. The active substances contained in the material oxidize common bacteria in the air. The antibacterial rate of representative Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia is greater than 99%, and the antibacterial rate of Candida albicans is 96.3%. In addition, it is non-toxic, low cost, and can well meet people's purification needs.

This essay investigates an additive manufacturing technique of an extruded 3D printing-assisted electrochemical deposition. The effects of solutions with different additive (Cl⁻ and brightener) concentrations on the surface micromorphology and deposition rate of the formed films were investigated by using characterization data from test tools such as an electrochemical workstation, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope, as well as discussing the laws of interaction between these two additives during the electrodeposition process. The experimental results show that when the concentration of Cl⁻ in the copper plating solution is 2×10⁻³ mol/L and the brightener concentration is 10 ml/L, the electrodeposition experiments yielded deposited copper films with a significantly preferred orientation on the (111) crystal plane, and the prepared copper film has thicker deposited film and better surface quality. To validate the additive manufacturing method for extruded 3D printing-assisted electrochemical deposition, deposition experiments of 25-layer copper samples were carried out utilizing the best process parameters.

To study the fracture properties of plastic-steel fiber high-performance concrete at high temperatures, the load-mid-span displacement curve and load-opening displacement curve of plastic-steel fiber concrete were obtained through fracture test conducted before and after exposure to high temperature. By calculating the fracture parameters, fracture energy, and characteristic length of concrete, the relationship of fracture parameters, fracture energy, and characteristic length of concrete with temperature was comparatively analyzed against the experimental results obtained for plain concrete. According to the analytical results, the crack initiation load value, maximum load and crack initiation toughness of SFRC are significantly improved after high-temperature exposure, and the plastic-steel fiber reinforced concrete is effective in reducing the critical value of crack opening displacement for concrete. When the test temperature ranges from 200°C to 600°C, the anti-cracking effect of plastic-steel fiber on concrete is more significant relative to plain concrete. Given temperature rise, the plastic-steel fiber reinforced concrete shows decrease in brittleness but increase in toughness, with the level of fracture energy first increasing and then decreasing. Besides, there is only slight difference observed in characteristic length between plastic-steel fiber reinforced concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete.

As the depth increases when the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process is applied to the machining of micro-holes, it becomes more difficult to remove the corrosion products, leading to a decrease in machining efficiency. In order to study the mechanism and effect of the additional low-frequency vibration and rotating motion of the electrode on the improvement of micro-EDM chip removal, this paper firstly conducted a simulation study on the flow field of the machining gap, and analyzed the pressure, velocity and electrical erosion of the gap flow field by adding different auxiliary motions. The simulation results show that the auxiliary motion has a greater promotion effect on the elimination of electro-erosion products; after further experimental tests, the processing results show that adjusting the appropriate vibration frequency and rotation speed can greatly improve the chip removal ability, and then the processing efficiency has been greatly improved.

In this paper, for the hydro-mechanical transmission device with constant speed input and variable speed output, an optimization model is constructed, which takes the structural parameters of the fixed gear train, the rotating gear train, and the circular diameter of the torque converter as the design variables and the weighted comprehensive efficiency as the objective function. The optimization model considers the influence of the change of the stator opening on the original characteristics of the torque converter, and limits the value of the structural parameters of the planetary gear train by the reference value of the transmission ratio of the planetary gear train given in the mechanical design manual, and gives the steps to solve the optimization model by using the search algorithm. The value range of the hydraulic torque converter is limited by reversely calculating the circulation circle diameter of the hydraulic torque converter within the speed range, so as to improve the search efficiency. The optimization model and solution method are verified by taking a boiler feed pump of a thermal power plant as the load.

To achieve the smelting effect of low splash in large and medium-sized converters, the jet flow field simulated by compressed air at room temperature is studied by the oxygen lance (OL) jet detection experimental system in this paper. This paper mainly analyzes the variation law of jet velocity at the geometric axis of the OL nozzle and scalar distribution and attenuation of jet isovelocity line at different cross sections. The results show that the oxygen jet cross-section of all OL nozzles gradually expands with the rise of OL position. When the large hole flow ratio is between 55% and 65%, the large hole angle is between 12° and 14° and the small hole angle is between 16° and 18°, therefore the angle of hole plays a significant role in the impact radius. The larger the angle is, the larger the impact radius is. The area of action between jet and molten pool could be enlarged by staggered double-structure six-hole OL.

The field service conditions of a well's collapse tubing were investigated, and the physical and chemical properties of metal materials (chemical composition analysis, mechanical property test, metallographic structure analysis of tubing materials), hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion cracking test of tubing materials, and scanning electron microscopy analysis of tubing cracks and fracture surfaces were tested in this paper. The results show that the major cause of tubing collapse is that the tubing material is super 13Cr (S13Cr). When it is used in the environment containing hydrogen sulfide, plenty of longitudinal stress corrosion cracks is generated on the inner wall, which greatly reduces the actual anti extrusion ability of the tubing. During the gas lift of the well in the later stage, the upper part of the oil pipe was blocked and the oil jacket was in series, and the gas lift pressure was transmitted into the oil jacket annulus, so that the pressure difference between the inner and outer parts of the oil pipe exceeded its actual anti extrusion capacity and collapse failure occurred.

Due to the eutectic reaction, the Mg₂Si phase is inclined to creating an unfavorable fishbone shape at low solidification rates. This can significantly degrade the mechanical characteristics and become the main barrier to the practical application of Mg₂Si/AZ91D composites. It is regarded that semi-solid treatment process is an efficient technique to modulate the fishbone-shaped Mg₂Si phases in Mg₂Si/AZ91D composite. In this work, a new type of Mg₂Si/AZ91D composite is successfully fabricated by semi-solid treatment process, and the influences of different isothermal temperatures on microstructural evolution of Mg₂Si/AZ91D composite are studied. The findings illustrate that the mean size of the α-Mg grains increases and their trendency of spherification becomes more evidently after held for 30 min at different isothermal temperatures from 550° C to 580°C. Additionally, through semi-solid treatment process, the Mg₂Si phases in Mg₂Si/AZ91D composite are totally changed from their original fishbone shape into polygon or granule shapes. With increasing of the isothermal temperatures, the mean size and morphologies of Mg₂Si phases have no significantly changes. The morphological change theory of Mg₂Si phases in Mg₂Si/AZ91D composite by semi-solid treatment process is also studied.

In this paper, low- to medium-grade bentonite derived in Keerjian of Toksun county were characterized. A method combined by chemical dispersion and high-speed centrifugation was used for the purification of the bentonite. Absorption of methylene blue and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to evaluate the effect of purification methods. The result showed that the optimal slurry solid-liquid ratio, dispersant amount, sedimentation time, centrifugal speed, and time of centrifugation was 1:8, 1.2% of the bentonite mass, 24h, 2000 r/min, and 5 min, respectively. The investigation provided experimental evidence for the better development and application of bentonite in this mining area.

LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄, the cathode material for 5V lithium ion batteries, was synthesized through the coprecipitation-combustion process in air. The effect of tempering temperature on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performances were investigated. The phase and electrochemical properties of the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and constant current charge-discharge tests. The experimental results indicate that the samples tempered at 800°C-900°C all have spinel structure, with the increase of tempering temperature, the crystallinity and grain size of the sample increase.The sample tempering at 850°C has well-developed crystals, moderate crystal size and the best electrochemical performance.

In this paper, the blade cascade system of the basic torque converter JQB₂ is redesigned and changed into a hydraulic torque converter with an adjustable stator. Firstly, the basic torque converter cascade system is modified to realize the adjustable stator. In order to study the influence of the blade angles on the performance of the torque converter, the blade angles were parameterized. Taking the peak efficiency of the torque converter at the design opening as the optimization objection, the pump torque factor is not less than 90% of the initial torque converter as the constraint condition. The central composite experimental design method was used to generate 49 design points, and the Kriging surrogate model was selected to construct the response surface of efficiency and pump torque factor, and to verify the goodness of fit of the response surface, and then iteratively search for the optimal response surface. The peak efficiency of the optimized JQB₂X is 89.7%, which is 1.6% higher than that before optimization. After optimization, the pump torque factor is 6.1×10⁻⁶, which is slightly lower than that of the basic torque converter, but it can still maintain the large capacity of the torque converter.

This paper tested fracture morphology analysis, mechanical properties and chemical, metallographic analysis and micro analysis to find out the factors of fracture in the butt welding area of the internal thread of the 5'' drill pipe, which is made of S135 in the casing pulling process of an oilfield. The results show that the chemical element, tensile strength and yield strength, impact performance, metallographic structure, inclusions in microstructure and grain size of the Fracture drill pipe meet the relevant data of the oilfield and industry standards, but the hardness of the fracture does not meet the requirements of the national standard. The important reason of the fracture of the drill pipe is that the oxide skin was not cleaned before the drill pipe joint was welded with the body. During welding, the oxide skin entered the molten weld metal, and large slag inclusions formed in the weld resulted. The secondary cause is improper subsequent heat treatment of drill pipe weld, which leads to increased weld brittleness and accelerated crack growth. This paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures to improve the quality of the drill pipe's weld and prevent the failure accidents of drill pipe.

The application potential of bentonite is closely related to the content of montmorillonite from it, and the purification of bentonite is conducive to expanding its industrial application. In this paper, purification method of Keerjian bentonite with low to medium grade were studied systematically. A comparative study of natural settlement, chemical dispersion and high-speed centrifugation was carried out. In addition, one-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment on a compound purification method, chemical dispersion following by high-speed centrifugation, were conducted. According to the experimental result, the optimal parameters of the compound purification, namely slurry ratio 1:8, dispersant amount 1.2% and soaking time 24h, were obtained. This study solved the problem of low utilization level and low purification efficiency, which shade light in the application of Keerjian bentonite with high efficiency and high economic benefits.

In this paper, the first-principles density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function method were used to investigate the effect of strain on the electronic and thermal transport of monolayer black arsenic phosphorus (B-AsP). Through this research, we found that the band gap of the monolayer B-AsP decreased under compressive strain, the electronic transport was revealed by I-V curves, and there was current at a very small voltage. The compressive strain can enhance the electronic transport, but it does not have a favorable effect on the thermal transport. When increasing the temperature at the same time for the tensile strain, the thermal transport has been improved, reflected by the ZT coefficient, which is increased by 7.76% compared with the original system. At the same time, we also used temperature to regulate the ZT coefficient. At a high temperature of 400 K, the ZT coefficient is larger than the one at room temperature by 26.11%.

In order to study the effect of Nb, V and Ti microalloys on the microstructure and properties of 16Mn seamless steel tube, the static CCT diagram of tested steel was made on Glecble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. Based on the observation of microstructures and precipitates by optical microscopy, SEM and TEM, the effect of different microalloy on mechanical properties of 16Mn steel was analyzed. The results show that Ti treated 16Mn steel is advantageous to both grain refinement and the low temperature impact toughness. The impact toughness of Nb or V microalloyed steel is decreased, which appeared bainite in hot rolling. Normalizing can improve the impact toughness of Nb microalloyed steel, while the microstructure and properties of V microalloyed steel are not improved. 16MnTi is taken to produce hot-rolled pipes with wall thickness between 8 mm to 16 mm, that impact value is more than 80 J at - 40 °C; while 16MnTiNb is taken to produce normalized pipes with wall thickness greater than 16 mm, that impact value reaches 120 J at -40°C.

Modern optical manufacturing techniques, such as stress disc polishing, bonnet polishing, magnetorheological finishing, and ion beam finishing, suffer from edge effects or low removal efficiency. To solve the above problems, this paper mainly studies dual-axis wheel polishing technology. According to the Preston equation combined with Hertz contact theory and kinematics, a theoretical removal function model of dual-axis wheel polishing is established. Then, the removal function shape and removal efficiency under different revolution-to-rotation speed ratios are simulated. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the removal function of the dual-axis wheel polishing technology in this paper is Gauss type when the revolution-to-rotation speed ratio is 10:1 or less. With the increase of rotation ratio, the efficiency of the removal function is higher. This paper establishes a theoretical foundation for the design of the dual-axis wheel polishing device.

With the rapid development of mining technology in coal mines, the technical requirements for safe production in coal mines are constantly improving. In addition, it is affected by the geological conditions of the coal mine, the section of the roadway and the manpower reduction. There is an increasing demand for automatic and intelligent equipment for coal mine. A crawler-type double-arm rock drilling car which can be operated by wireless remote control is developed. It can be operated by remote control and adjusted manually. It can not only drill small diameter ordinary boreholes, but also drill large boreholes with diameter of 100-120 mm. It can effectively solve the problem of larger free surface in straight-hole cutting blasting. It is safe in operation and high in excavation efficiency.

The polarization curve test and corrosion fatigue test of SMA490BW weathering steel welded joints for high-speed train bogies were carried out by electrochemical workstation and fatigue testing machine, respectively, and the fatigue fractures were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that: The mechanical properties of the SMA490BW weathering steel welded joints welded by MAG welding are good, the tensile strength is 519MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 26.67%. In 3.5wt% sodium chloride solution, the self-corrosion potential of the heat-affected zone is the lowest, the self-corrosion current density is the largest, and the corrosion resistance is the worst, the weld is in the middle, and the base metal is the best. The corrosion fatigue limit of SMA490BW weathering steel welded joints in 3.5wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is 236.55MPa, which is much lower than the fatigue limit of 335.22MPa in air. SEM fracture analysis showed that the fatigue cracks of the joints in the air originated from the weld pores, while the corrosion fatigue cracks originated from the pitting pits on the surface of the specimens.

In order to understand the safety status of traction drive elevator brake, taking the most common drum brake as the research object, several common failure forms of drum brake and the problems found in brake disassembly are summarized and sorted out. Based on the analysis of failure causes, suggestions on the use and maintenance of elevator brakes are put forward, and the in-service elevator brakes which have been used for a certain period of time are tested, and the performance characteristics of the in-service elevator brakes are analyzed, which provides a basis for the promotion of hidden trouble investigation and rectification of elevator brakes.

The waste lubricating oil will cause great harm to the natural environment if it is discarded randomly or handled improperly. Catalytic cracking is the main technology for regenerating waste lubricating oil into fuel oil. The molecular sieve Al/SO4^2-/Al-MCM-41 was prepared by introducing metal Al atoms into the molecular skeleton of MCM-41 and then modifying it with Al₂(SO4)₃. The samples in the preparation process were characterized and analyzed by TG, FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption desorption and other test techniques. The effects of reaction temperature and the amount of catalyst on catalytic cracking of used lubricating oil were studied. The results show that: The existence of large pores in the catalyst is conducive to the entry of waste lubricating oil molecules into the pores, so that the surface active sites of the catalyst can be fully utilized. When the silicon aluminum ratio is 1:0.02 and the calcination temperature is 600 °C, the catalyst has the highest activity. When the reaction temperature is 400°C, the reaction pressure is 0.01 MPa, the stirring speed is 200 rpm, and the amount of catalyst is 2.8 g. The yield of gas product is 1.11%, the yield of liquid product is 87.02%.

Based on the problems of large yield of sludge, low degree of shell resource utilization and large mass transfer resistance of sludge drying process in China, the drying characteristics and water migration rules of shell powder quenched sludge are studied in this paper. Single-factor and orthogonal experiments of drying temperature, thin layer thickness and mixing ratio are performed, and the results are fitted to the drying kinetics model. The results show that the drying process is best when the mixing ratio is 10:1; The degree of influence of each factor is: thin layer thickness > mixing ratio > drying temperature, the optimal process is: mixing ratio of 10:1, drying temperature of 160°C and thin layer thickness of 6 mm; The Midilli and Kucuk model in the kinetic analysis can better describe the water migration in the sludge. According to Fick's second law and Arrhenius equation, the fitting equations of pure sludge and mixed sludge at 100° C -160°C and 6 mm are obtained, shell powder quenched sludge has greater effective diffusion coefficient and smaller activation energy than pure sludge, which shows that the addition of shell powder can optimize the drying process of sludge.

In order to obtain the resonable gas distribution, a Center Gas Distribution (CGD) technology was introduced into a new set of COREX-3000 in Baosteel. However, CGD can affect the solid flow in the shaft furnace. In this paper, DEM was used to investigate the basic solid flow pattern, the influence of discharging rates and non-uniform discharging rates on the burden movement and the influence of CGD on the solid flow pattern. The influence of CGD on the velocity and distribution of solid flow was also studied. The results confirm that there are three types of flow zones in furnace. The discharging rate has almost no effect on the overall burdern movement. The non-uniform discharging rate leads to a large stagnant zone on one side of the shaft furnace. CGD has a great influence on the solid flow pattern of furnace, and there may be two stagnant zones where the small particles tend to segregate. The distribution of particles velocity along the radial is different with the distance from the bottom.

Using porous light wood as raw material, Ag/wood composite filter material was prepared by loading metal Ag nano catalyst in wood matrix by in-situ reduction of silver ammonia solution. The catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in dye wastewater was realized by using the characteristics of high fluid transmission efficiency of wood and catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles. The morphology and structure of the material were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, and the catalytic degradation of organic dye methylene blue by nano Ag loaded wood filter material was investigated. The results show that the prepared Ag/wood composite filter material retains the pore structure of wood, Ag nanoparticles are successfully loaded on the inner wall of the catheter and evenly distributed, and the particle size range is 5 nm-20 nm; The silver nanoparticles on the inner wall of the wood duct have good catalytic activity, and the wood filter material can effectively catalyze the degradation of methylene blue in water. Its degradation efficiency and water flux are closely related to the thickness of the filter material; The catalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue by 6 mm thick filter material driven by gravity is 94.03%, and the water flux is up to 2600 L/(M²•h), which realizes the optimization of dye degradation efficiency and water flux. Nano Ag loaded wood filter material has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and large-scale. It has a good application prospect in the field of dye wastewater treatment.

The CFD numerical simulation was used to simulate the flow field and sound field of the intake system, combined with the acoustic finite element method. Based on the Lighthill acoustic analogy and the Möhring acoustic analogy method, the internal sound source distribution of the intake system, the intensity of the nozzle noise and the acoustic directivity were analyzed. Improvement measures were proposed from the perspective of noise transmission, and the influence of different wall thicknesses on the wall stimulated radiation noise, as well as the effects of attaching sound absorbing materials and spraying damping materials on wall radiation noise were studied.

By using spatial autoregressive models, this paper mainly studied the limited factors and spatio-temporal prediction of harmful algal blooms (HAB). The environmental factors of sea surface temperature (SST), dissolved organic matter (DOM) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were used to model the chlorophyll a (Cha) distribution and the occurrence of HAB. The results indicated that SST had no significant influence on the growth of phytoplankton in May and June, but higher SST in July and August decreased the frequency of occurrence of HAB. SSC was the main limited factor of HAB, and considerably and positively influenced the algal growth and HAB. HAB in Yangtze estuary was mainly caused by nutrients not DOM. The predicted spatial pattern in July 2010 was more dispersed than the actual clustered pattern. This clustered pattern should be driven by the combined impacts of coastal current, Taiwan Worm current and the northward seasonal.

Four kinds of PTA SiC photocatalysts with different proportions of PTA were prepared by impregnation from phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and SiC. The photocatalyst was characterized by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Rhodamine B (RHB) was used as degradation substrate to investigate the photocatalytic degradation performance of the photocatalyst. The results show that the prepared photocatalyst maintains both the support structure of SiC and the Keggin structure of PTA. PTA SiC with 40% mass fraction of PTA had the best photocatalytic degradation performance. When exposed to light for 180 min, RHB can reach 66% of the degradation efficiency and the photodegradation reaction rate constant was 5.21×10⁻³ min⁻¹. As an active substance, hydroxyl radical plays a decisive role in photocatalytic degradation of RHB.

A Fe₂O₃ modified ZSM-5 hybrid was synthesized by solid phase exchange method in this work. The prepared Fe-ZSM-5 material was characterized by XRD and SEM and was used as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst in oxidation of methylene blue. The influences of different parameters such as the initial pH value, the amount of catalyst, amount of H₂O₂, contact time and reaction temperature on the removal rate of methylene blue were evaluated. Results showed that under the optimum conditions of catalyst dosage of 1.1 g/L, initial pH value of 3.0, reaction temperature of 30°Cand H₂O₂ 30 mmol/L, 98.2% of decolorization rate could be achieved in 60 minutes. This work provides a promising catalyst for the decolorization of methylene blue in aqueous solution.

Dependency on importing lithium, nickel and other battery metal resources is increasing. It has an impact on the safety of the supply chain of NEV power batteries. Therefore, ensuring supply of key metal resources is of great necessity to China's NEV industry. The valuable metals Li, Ni, Co, Mn can be extracted from waste power batteries through recycling, which is conducive to reducing China's dependence on foreign metal resources. In this paper, a model was established to predict the recycling amount of regenerative metal for power batteries in China. Meanwhile, the influence of regenerative metal on the production and supply of power batteries was analyzed. The results show that the contribution of renewable materials to the supply of Li, Co, Ni and Mn will gradually increase from 4%-7% in 2021 to 19%-54% in 2030 as the number of power batteries decommissioned increases from year to year. Under the background of carbon neutrality, waste power batteries will be used as a reserve of key metal resources, and become an important resource to be seized by major battery manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers.

In order to efficiently catalyze the cycloaddition reaction of CO₂ and epoxy alkanes under mild environment and no catalyst, this paper designed and synthesized two kinds of porphyrin based porous organic polymers—porphyrin based porous organic polymer containing carboxyl group (ppop-cooh) and porphyrin based porous organic polymer containing quaternary ammonium salt ion pair. Quaternary ammonium salt cation anion pair nucleophilic groups and metal active centers were introduced into the polymer by pre- and post-modification respectively. The chemical structure and pore structure of the polymer were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and physical adsorption instrument, and its effect as a catalyst on the cycloaddition reaction of CO₂ and epoxy alkanes was studied. From the results, it is demonstrated that the two polymers had a multistage pore structure with a specific surface area of 302 m²/g-514 m²/g. The synergistic effect of Lewis acid metal ions, nucleophiles and multistage pore structure in the polymer significantly promotes the cycloaddition reaction between CO₂ and epoxy alkanes. Under mild conditions (80°C, 0.3 MPa, 24h), the selectivity and conversion of the reaction reach more than 99%. The polymer is repeated for many times. After use, it still has good catalytic performance.

In recent years, human activities and climate change are likely increasing the input of particles in the aquatic environment, raising concerns about the negative effects to aquatic organisms. However, the impact of natural particles on the marine organisms is not clear. Here, this study compared the effects of two different size of natural particles on the growth and behavior of Sebastes schlegelii. Results indicated that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of juvenile fish in the P-S treatment group were respectively reduced by 11.12% and 1.48%, while it respectively reduced by 17.62% and 2.16% in P-L treatment group after 7 days of exposure. In addition, dietary exposure to natural particles seriously increased the average speed and distance moved of the fish than the control, and the negative effects was enhanced with the increase of particle size. The results not only showed the inhibition of natural particles on the growth of the juvenile fish, but indicated that the locomotor activity of the juvenile fish was increased. This study provided basic theoretical data for assessing the effects of natural particles on aquatic organisms.

Microplastic pollution has become an increasingly concerning environmental problem because of its adverse impact on aquatic ecosystem security. Microplastics in the aquatic environment are poisonous to aquatic life, and they can not only be consumed by aquatic life but also pass down the food chain, endangering human health in the process. To investigate the accumulation and transfer of three different functional microplastics, including polystyrene (PS), carboxylate-modified polystyrene (PS-COOH), and amine-modified polystyrene (PS-NH₂), in the aquatic food chain between Chlorella pyrenoidosa,Daphnia magna, and zebrafish, this study focused on three different functional microplastics. The maximum concentration of the three microplastics in Daphnia magna occurred at 8h, while that in zebrafish appeared at 24h. Three microplastics accumulated in the following order: PS-COOH > PS-NH₂ > PS. The BMF of zebrafish intestine/Daphnia magna > 1, suggesting that biomagnification occurred along the food chain transfer and mainly accumulated in the intestine of zebrafish. This study confirmed the biomagnification of three polystyrene microplastics during food chain transfer, providing a theoretical basis for the transfer of microplastics in aquatic food chains.

This paper used the R/S method and the Mann-Kendall method to analyze and study the Spatial-Temporal variation characteristics, future trends and runoff cycles of the Jinghe River Basin by using the runoff series data from different hydrological stations from 1956 to 2018. The results showed that the Jinghe River basin hydrological stations of Yuluoping, Yangjiaping, Jingcun and Zhangjiashan appeared abrupt changes in 2000, 1985, 1987 and 1995. The annual runoff at each station shows a clear trend of decreasing in the abrupt change year to 2018. The runoff cycle of different stations in the Jinghe River Basin is 9a-10a. The Jinghe River basin will continue its trend of decreasing runoff for some time to come as climate change and human activities influence it.

Poly (vinyl chloride co dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PVD) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were blended, and then the tertiary amine groups of PVD in the casting solution were quaternized in situ with methyl iodide (CH₃I) at 60. A new strongly charged positive PVC/PVD (M1) microfiltration membrane was prepared by non solvent induced phase transformation (NIPS), and PVC (M0) microfiltration membrane was prepared and compared with it. The membrane performance parameters such as morphology, pore size, charge, hydrophilicity and pure water flux of M0 and M1 were characterized. The cationic surfactant Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (STAC) micelle enhanced filtration was used to remove trace Cr⁶⁺(Cr₂O₇^2-) from the solution. The effects of Cr⁶⁺ concentration, pH value and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on the interception performance were investigated. The results show that the rejection rate of Cr⁶⁺ removal by M1 membrane micelle enhancement is close to 100%. When the mass ratio of Cr⁶⁺/STAC is greater than 0.478, the rejection rate of Cr⁶⁺ removal by M1 decreases with the increase of Cr⁶⁺ concentration; PH value has little effect on the retention of Cr⁶⁺ by M1; High concentration of NaCl reduced the rejection rate of Cr⁶⁺ by M1. M1 microfiltration membrane has potential development prospects in the treatment of wastewater containing Cr⁶⁺.

Excess activated sludge produced from coal chemical industries has gained much attention, because of the huge volume and high hazardous risk of the sludge. The wet oxidation of coal chemical sludge was studied in this study by using a stainless steel batch reactor. The effects of reaction parameters, including the moisture content, the additional dose of sludge, reaction temperature and the additional amount of oxygen, were discussed. The results showed that the highest removal ratios of COD and TS could reach up to 72.3% and 56.4% respectively with moisture content of sludge 93%, initial oxygen pressure 1.7 MPa under 240°C for 60 min. The mass transfer processes of sludge and oxygen, and the reaction temperature, are very important parameters for the treatment. It was suggested that wet oxidation technology provides a suitable alternative method for the treatment of excess sludge from coal chemical industries.

Ultrasonic decomposition of sludge is a popular method for sludge treatment. Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) was added to promote the reduction of sludge and hydrolysis efficiency. The effect of ultrasonic treatment (ULT) combined with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) preprocessing on the disintegration of waste activated sludge (WS) was studied in this survey. The results indicated that the combined pretreatment of KMnO₄ and ULT (150 W, 20 min) significantly improved the decomposition efficiency and nutrient release efficiency of sludge. The volatile suspended solids (VSS) were lessened by 15.22%, which was 56.8% larger than that of raw sludge. The soluble proteins, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), polysaccharides, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were improved by 2005.1%, 464%, 669.8%, and 719.9% respectively. The deliquescent organic matter in sludge products also effectively decreased, demonstrating the effective promoting effect of KMnO₄ + ULT. Mechanistic studies showed that ULT united with KMnO₄ pretreatment could improve the biodegradability of soluble organic matter by generating reactive radicals, effectively disrupt the structure of cell walls, lyse extracellular polymers, and accelerate the liberation of organic matter. The composite sludge decomposition process further mitigates the harm of sludge to the environment and provides a cleaner and more efficient sludge reduction and utilization method.

A CFD numerical wind tunnel software was made to simulate the air flow and diffusion of pollutants in urban areas. This softeware is very compact. With the collaboration of the modelling tool AutoCAD and the post-processing software Paraview, a set of standardized numerical simulation process of atmospheric diffusion has been established. The model of the software is based on Open Foam open-source platform, which can perform 3D large-scale parallel operation, and solve 3D Navier Stokes equations on Computer cluster. Based on the observation data of iop9 from the 2003 urban joint field study in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the numerical wind tunnel is further evaluated. The wind and concentration field in the near and middle regions, as well as the wind speed, wind direction, friction velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) profiles in the urban wake region are compared between the numerical wind tunnel and the urban 2003 field experiment. The results show that the numerical wind tunnel can be an economic and effective tool to simulate the diffusion of pollutants in urban areas.

The full-fruit period in apple orchards has the greatest environmental impact during the whole apple life cycle, and the characteristics of apple planting and high investment in agricultural materials in China aggravate the impact of this stage on the environment. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to study the resource use (RU), global warming potential (GWP), environmental acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP) of apple orchards in the full-fruit period. These apple orchards are, smallholder orchards (SO) in the Bohai Bay area (BH), commercial orchards (CO) in the Bohai Bay area, smallholder orchards in the Loess Plateau area (LP), and commercial orchards in the Loess Plateau area. The results showed that the RU of commercial orchards was 23.87% higher than that of smallholder orchards, the EP of smallholder orchards was 72.36% higher than that of commercial orchards, the RU of the Bohai Bay was 19.70% higher than that of the Loess Plateau, the EP in the Loess Plateau was 35.93% higher than that in Bohai Bay.

A series of ZnO graphene composites with different reduced graphene oxide (RGO) contents (0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% (mass fraction)) were prepared by solvothermal method. The composite samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and pl. The results show that all the composite samples doped with RGO do not change the structure of ZnO; Pure ZnO samples are spherical particles with grain size of about 40 nm. After adding RGO, the grain size of the samples is uneven, and the agglomeration of the composite samples increases gradually with the increase of RGO content; The emission peaks of all composites are near 373 nm. With the increase of RGO content, the intensity of the intrinsic emission peak of the composites decreases first and then increases. The introduction of RGO makes the absorption peak has a slight red shift, which improve the visible-light absorption ability of the composites. With the increase of RGO content, the photocatalytic performance of the composites increased first and then decreased. When the RGO content was 6% (mass fraction), the photocatalytic performance of the composites was the best, and the degradation rate and reaction rate constants reached 71.97% and 0.017 min-1 respectively.

Using ASHP for space heating is an environmental solution. Based on the concept of Lorenz cycle, an ASHP is proposed. Taking a residential community as an example, this study proposes a thermodynamic model. Then, the energy consumption and carbon emission performance of the heating system are discussed. The results indicate that the primary energy consumption of ASHP is 13.45% less than the coal-fired boiler and the carbon emission reduces by 1203.6 t_CO2. This study is meaningful for the development of air source CO₂ heat pump for space heating integrated with DMS.

The effects of organic and/or chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on nitrogen leaching and mustard yield in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is still unknown. Four years' fertilizer experiments, including organic matter and chemical fertilizer incorporation (MC), chemical fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (M), and non-fertilizer (Control) were used to understand role of organic matter and fertilizer incorporation in reducing nitrogen-leaching loss and improving yield of stem mustard and corn in three gorges reservoirs. Results showed that MC led to the highest yield, sustainable yield index, percent fertilizer recovery, and nitrogen agronomy efficiency and N uptake of stem mustard and corn. Leaching loss of N was significantly positively correlated with cumulative precipitation. CF treatments led to obviously higher N loss with the cumulative precipitation more than 44.3 mm. the N loss in MC treatment exceeded that in M treatment or control with cumulative precipitation more than 96.2 mm. Total amounts and concentration of N in leaching water followed the trends: CF> M > MC > Control. Organic fertilizer could reduce nitrogen-leaching loss and improve yield of stem mustard and corn with incorporation of fertilizer.

Apple is an important horticultural crop in China and its production consumes large amounts of Chemical fertilizers. In a survey of more than 300 Chinese apple growers, we found that small farmers' fertilizer inputs are blind. Current research lacks a comprehensive evaluation of fertilizer inputs and soil nutrient status for apple production in China, but the evaluation work will play a supporting role in the macro management decision of nutrient resources. In this study, a database of fertilizer inputs and soil nutrients in five major apple producing areas in China was constructed by means of data integration. Two main conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the database. Firstly, the chemical N and P fertilizer inputs exceed the recommended use in all five production areas, and secondly, the organic matter content of orchard soils in the five production areas only reaches a maximum of level 3. The research shows that China's agricultural authorities should carry out macro management of nutrient resources in apple orchards, so as to guide different producing areas to adjust fertilizer input according to their soil environment, so as to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

Heavy metal pollution is surveyed rapidly and accurately, which is of great significance for soil pollution control. heavy metal pollution on farmland results in phenological changes, and we can use remote sensing technology to observe these changes. In the paper, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series is built based on multi-source remote sensing images. Savitzky-Golay filter (S-G filter) was applied for denoising and reconstructing the time series. NDVI time series were used to calculate phenological indicators. Five phenological indicators were selected, which include seasonal amplitude, growth rate, seasonal length, seasonal integral and base level, to study on effect of heavy metal stress on rice phenology. The results showed that differences in phenological indexes at different levels of heavy metal stress as well as the phenological indicators under the stressed condition were generally lower than those under mild and moderate stress. From the findings, it can be concluded that the superiority of remote sensing phenological information in the monitoring of heavy metal stress in rice, and a new method for distinguishing heavy metal stress in rice will be provided.