Table of contents

In order to meet the health and safety needs of our attendees and staff, 2022 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Information Engineering (ECIE 2022) which was scheduled to be held in Xiamen, China was held virtually online during 7th to 9th, January, 2022. Being different from the traditional gatherings we all know, this virtual conference allows us to connect in new ways while keeping expenditure saving and maintaining social distancing. Presentations of presenter from different countries are accessible to hundreds of researchers effectively. There were 110 individuals who attended this online conference, represented many countries including Malaysia, Pakistan, India and China.

ECIE 2022 is an international forum for scientists, engineers, and practitioners to present their latest research and development results in all areas of Electronics, Circuits, and Information Engineering. Conference topics mainly include but are not limited to Software engineering, Power and energy circuits, Optoelectronics, Single-chip microcomputer technology, etc. ECIE 2022 welcomes all high-quality research papers and presentations from related research fields.

During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In the second part, we invited five professors as our keynote speakers. Prof. Jie Sun, Fuzhou University, China, performed a speech on Research on micro-LED based displays in China's Mindu Innovation Laboratory. And then we had Prof. Kai Yang, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China. He talked about New type of direct-drive permanent magnet motor and its robust control technology. Prof. Weigang Hou, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China. He delivered a wonderful speech: Photonic CNN Accelerator. Prof. Ghani Albaali, Princess Sumaya University for Tech in Amman, Jordan, performed a speech: Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Processing Engineering. Lastly, we were glad to invite Prof. Debashis De, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, India as our finale keynote speakers. He shared a speech on Internet of Drone Things. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.

List of Committee member, Committee Chairs, Organizing Committee, Technique Programme Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous

• Conference submission management system: Morressier

• Number of submissions received: 102

• Number of submissions sent for review: 89

• Number of submissions accepted: 67

• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 65.7

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 17

• Contact person for queries:

Name: Xuexia Ye

Email: xx.ye@keoaeic.org

Affiliation: AEIC Academic Exchange Information Centre

The non-volatile logic unit based on memristor can build a computing architecture which integrates processor and memory. A novel XOR logic gate as well as half adder with four memristors, one NMOS and one power excitation is proposed in this study. The constraints on the NMOS and power excitation are also presented. The effectiveness of the XOR logic gate proposed is confirmed by the simulation results of LTSPICE. Compared with several prior schemes, the design has better performance in terms of power consumption, operation steps and architecture complexity.

In this paper, a new type of transverse flux permanent magnet rim motor is obtained by combining transverse flux permanent magnet motor with shaftless rim motor. When a sinusoidal current is passed through the stator of the motor, a rotating magnetic field will be generated. The rotating magnetic field interacts with the constant magnetic field generated by the rotor magnet, and the interaction will drive the motor to rotate. The new motor has the advantages of high power, low noise, small vibration and small volume, and is suitable for marine propulsion and other fields. This paper introduces the special magnetic field distribution of the new motor, and uses the 3D finite element analysis method to analyze the electromagnetic field of the motor's no-load and load conditions. The paper will verify the correctness and superiority of the model.

Stepper motor is a common execution unit in electromechanical control system. In order to realize the high precision and effective control of the stepper motor, a digital control scheme integrated in the stepping motor driver chip is proposed. On the ADMS platform, the digital control system is designed by Verilog HDL language, and the digital control system is connected with the H-bridge circuit. The control of the two-phase micro-stepping motor is realized by Eldo and Modelsim simulation. It can support SPI bus to set working mode, attenuation time, micro-stepping work mode and other parameters. The intelligent harmonic scheme can effectively reduce the ripple current, and the ripple current can be controlled. The control scheme adopts modular design, the coding is simple and easy, and has high application value.

The power supply designing of superconducting magnet is vital for magnetic field system in the development of accelerator. Magnet power supply can still be improved in grid-side power factor, and better cost-effective solutions can be sought. For release or consumption of the huge energy stored in the future superconducting magnet, so that it is urgent to carry out related research to solve the energy feedback problem. Utilizing the characteristics of adjustable power factor and bi-directional energy transfer of matrix converter, a novel magnetic-coupled matrix rectifier topology is presented, which is suitable for accelerator power supply. An improved control strategy is proposed to realize sinusoidal waveform of input current, unity input power factor as well as output current tracking the instruction current waveform. Prototype test shows that the matrix converter can realize DC output and the control strategy can achieve expected requirements. Load disturbance experiment of quasi-trapezoidal wave output is preliminarily verified. The matrix converter studied in the paper, as a kind of feasible attractive choice of accelerator power converter topology, has a favorable research prospect.

This paper introduces the method of humidity compensation in the temperature and humidity sensor to improve the measurement accuracy of humidity. The nonlinearity of humidity and humidity affected by temperature are compensated in circuit and data processing respectively. On the circuit, the sampling principle and the structure of the operational amplifier in the design are introduced. The data processing is mainly polynomial fitting of the chip test data by MATLAB software, so as to improve the humidity measurement accuracy. After the final fitting, the humidity error can reach ±1.5RH in the range of 10 °C to 50 °C.

Millimeter wave technology is an important basic technology in 5G applications. It has higher bandwidth and lower delay. But high dynamics of the channel poses a major challenge to the design of congestion control protocols. Based on ns3, this paper conducts extensive experiments on the TCP congestion control protocols, and analyzes the transmission performance of different protocols over 5G millimeter wave links in detail. It will lay a foundation for further research on congestion control protocols suitable for 5G millimeter wave communications.

Dual-active-bridge (DAB) is a DC/DC converter,which is commonly used in solid-state-transformer (SST) and electric vehicle (EV).In order to obtain the expected output voltage,the converter needs to be modeled and controlled.Firstly,the working modes in different time intervals of the switching cycle under single-phase-shift (SPS) modulation are analyzed,and the mathematical models of output voltage,current stress and phase-shifting duty cycle are constructed.Then,the simulation model is built on Simulink,and the PI controller is used for closed-loop voltage control,The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified.

In embedded IoT applications, in order to meet the needs of small area, low power consumption, and high performance, this paper designs a 32-bit low-power, high-performance microprocessor based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture. It uses a 3-stage pipeline structure with static branch prediction function, supports RV32IM instruction set, and adopts AHB bus as the control bus. The logic function of the processor was verified under the iverilog environment, and the simulation results showed that the processor can run normally. The CoreMark score of 2.38 CoreMark/MHz was measured by running the CoreMark running program, and it supports FreeRTOS transplantation. The analysis and verification results show that the design can be well applied to small-area, low-power embedded application scenarios.

As the core equipment in many construction power fields, the reasonable life management of power transformer plays an important role in ensuring the safe production and economic benefits of the public and enterprises. Based on lambert-w function, the exact solution is obtained by calculating the total annual allocated cost. The variable values that may have errors in the function model are deeply analyzed. Combined with the inherent characteristics of power transformer, the factors affecting the economic life in the results are analyzed. The reliability of the method is verified by an example. Compared with the traditional tabular method, this method is convenient to further analyze the influencing factors and change laws of economic life. At the same time, through the analysis of specific problems, this method can also be used to study the economic life of other equipment. It has popularization value.

For the purpose of studying the effect of high-density, small-size solder joints on the thermal fatigue life of display devices, a 3D model of the corresponding device structure is established, using finite element analysis methods, and using Anand constitutive equations and Coffin-Manson life prediction models. The equivalent stress and strain change law of an indium solder joint with a diameter of 10 μm under thermal cycling loading conditions is explored, and the key position of the solder joint damage is inferred based on the simulated strain cloud diagram. In addition, the influence of different bump height, bump contact area and Under-Bump Metallization (UBM) thickness on the thermal fatigue life of solder joints is studied separately. The final simulation results show that the location where the solder joint may be damaged first is at the point on the outer side where the solder joint is connected to the UBM on the edge away from the center point. The height of the bump and the contact area of the bump have a significant effect on its thermal fatigue life. In the actual experiment, we should focus on the impact of this aspect.

Aiming at the problems of poor uniqueness and high resource consumption of slice after the implementation of Arbiter physical unclonable function (Arbiter PUF) on field programmable gate array (FPGA), a new improved scheme of switch component structure is proposed. The switch component structure of the improved scheme adopts the parallel-connected mode to improve the uniqueness of the circuit, which avoids the cross-connected mode unable to achieve symmetrical layout on FPGA. At the same time, the improved scheme uses lookup tables to construct the structure of programmable delay line (PDL) with a multiplexer (MUX), which can reduce the internal resource consumption of slice while receiving the same 64-bit challenges. The improved scheme was tested on FPGA boards, the uniqueness and steadiness of different switch component schemes are compared and analyzed, and the feasibility of the improved scheme is verified. The results show that in the generation of Arbiter PUF, compared with the conventional scheme, the improved scheme reduces the resource consumption and improves the uniqueness by 22.2%; Compared with the MUX + MUX scheme, the improved scheme saves 50% of resource consumption while maintaining good uniqueness.

Knowing the sugar content of apples in time and grading the internal quality of apples can meet the requirements of different consumers for apples. In this paper, Yantai Red Fuji apples are used as the research object, a low-cost and portable non-destructive testing device for apple sugar content is designed based on near-infrared detection technology. To realize the quantitative detection of apple sugar content, The relationship between the voltage value of diffuse reflection light and the sugar content of apples at multiple characteristic wavelengths is studied, and the multiple linear regression method is used to establish the apple sugar content prediction model. The correlation coefficient predicted by the model is 0.7708, and the minimum relative error is 0.89%. The experimental results show that within a certain error range, the device can realize fast and non-destructive detection of the sugar content of apples. This article provides a reference for the realization of a low-cost, portable non-destructive testing device for Apple.

To improve the capability of radar detection in a time-varying maritime environment, an algorithm was proposed and analyzed in this paper that can be applied to determine the shape and scale parameters of the K-distributed model using the radar parameters and environmental information under the context of K-distributed sea clutter, and improved the original algorithm to improve the accuracy of the parameter estimation algorithm. Furthermore, a CFAR detector capable of identifying the characteristics of sea clutter distribution was developed. It can estimate the parameters of K-distributed model for sea clutter in real time using both radar parameters and environmental perception information, thus improving the accuracy of clutter background estimation. When the false alarm rate reaches a certain level, the adaptive threshold factor can be obtained for the CFAR detector proposed in this paper, thus improving the effectiveness of control on the CFAR detector. As suggested by the simulation results, the proposed method outperforms the CFAR detector with fixed parameters in the capability of detection and robustness under the context of K-distributed clutter.

The Dual-Direction Silicon Controlled Rectifier (DDSCR) device has dual-direction electrostatic protection function and strong current discharging ability, which is widely used in ESD on-chip protection. In this paper, a high performance symmetric high voltage Dual-Direction Silicon Controlled Rectifier with floating P+ (HVDDSCR_FP+) is designed for CAN bus under 0.18 μm BCD process. In order to predict and verify the ESD performance of the device, TCAD two-dimensional device simulation and Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) test system were used. The experimental results show that the HVDDSCR_FP + structure has not only symmetrical positive and reverse I-V curves, but also the characteristics of high holding voltage and high failure current. Compared with the traditional HVDDSCR, HVDDSCR_FP+, at 25V forward and reverse trigger voltages (V_t), has increased its holding voltage (V_h) from 12V to 20V, failure current (I_t2) from 5A to 35A. In the actual tape-out process, it is found that the width of the N-well has a great influence on the performance of the device. After analyzing the reason and improving it, the leakage current of the device is reduced from μA level to nA level.

With the development of HD display field, the display interface needs a standard, stable, scalable, low-power, and high-speed solution. Traditional serial interfaces such as TTL, LVDS and RGB have some shortcomings in terms of power and speed. In addition, parallel interfaces need to involve more than 10 channels of signals, and the display-related applications have up to 20 channels. A large number of signals increase the difficulty of wiring, and limit the frequency and transmission distance of the signal, and also restrict the miniaturization of the product, so it has been gradually eliminated by the new technologies. The development direction of the interface technology is mainly low-voltage, high-speed, serial, and miniaturization to meet the demanding requirements of the mobile market for the cost, volume, weight, power consumption, performance and reliability. This paper proposes a solution of serial interface applied to display technology, which is compatible with DPI, DBI and DCS interface. The MIPI DSI receives the pixel information from the host in serial mode. There is an independent protocol in the communication filed, and the interface can support the design of 1080p/60fps display driver.

With increasing IoT technology, the application of MCU is becoming more and more extensive, and higher requirements are put forward for the functions and data processing capabilities of MCU. This trend means the amount of data that the MCU needs to process in the system has increased sharply, so this paper proposes a hardware design scheme for a DMA controller based on the AHB-Lite protocol to replace the MCU to transfer data to improve system performance. The controller supports 8 transfer channels and adopts the method of fixed priority level arbitrating to select channels. The channel source and destination data width and burst type are configurable. In the process of data burst transfer, the condition of crossing the 1K address boundary is taken into consideration. At the same time, the design adopts the method that 8 transfer channels share a buffer FIFO to optimize the area of the controller.

This paper investigates the strain distribution of flexible p-channel low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors under biaxial bending. The strain distribution of LTPS TFTs under different bending conditions is analysed by finite element analysis. r and θ are essentially equal and constant within the load ring. The finite element analysis shows that when the biaxial bending strain condition is 2.5%, the strain distribution is mainly concentrated at the contact angle between the electrode and the oxide layer. This strain is significantly greater than the overall strain of the device, which is the main reason for the bending performance of the device. We found that under biaxial bending, the threshold voltage shifts towards the negative axis as the biaxial strain increases. Within this strain range, these electrical properties are evident under biaxial strain conditions. Comparing theoretical threshold voltage shifts based on energy band changes with experimental results under biaxial strain, it was found that changes in trap density should also contribute to the threshold voltage shift.

In this letter, a novel RF power amplifier (PA) with high gain flatness and high efficiency operating in continuous Class-F mode is introduced. Since most continuous Class-F PAs can't meet the requirement of high gain flatness, a new structure which can achieve high gain flatness is presented. A 1.7-2.5GHz PA is designed, which uses CGH40010F GaN device. Simulation results show that the drain efficiency (DE) of the continuous Class-F PA is between 69% and 79%, output power is more than 41dBm across the whole bandwidth. Gain is between 11dB and 11.8dB, and gain flatness is 0.8dB.

A transformer state assessment method based on an improved extreme learning machine is proposed in this paper, which introduces an adaptive evolution algorithm into the extreme learning machine. This method is used in the evaluation model to evaluate the state of the transformer. The algorithm is trained and tested through sample sets. Furthermore, the test results are analyzed to prove the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.

The stability of VCO as a clock recovery module in high-speed transmission circuits cannot be ignored. The LDO circuit as its power module not only needs to ensure the stability of the VCO under high-speed working conditions, but also needs to satisfy the demand for changes in its supply voltage swing. To meet the above requirements, a high-range reference voltage LDO (Low-dropout Regulator) was designed under the 28nm process. The input of the error amplifier of the LDO adopts a rail-to-rail structure, the reference voltage can be changed in a larger range, and the output voltage can also fluctuate in the range of 0.3V-0.9V. After simulation, the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of this LDO is 1.53MHz, the line regulation at full load is 8.29mV/V, the internal noise of the circuit is low, the transient response time from on load to full load is 42ns, and the phase margin is close to 80deg.

This paper studies four novel design comparators and gives a detailed analysis and summary of them. edge-pursuit comparator (EPC) improved energy efficiency and noise over conventional comparators by a circuit loop consisting of numbers of delay units. The triple-tail fully dynamic comparator minimizes the comparator's total delay time and enhances the sample rate. The dynamic bias architecture of the double-tail latch-type comparator can provide a relatively high voltage gain while ensuring a low power consumption by stabilizing the static operating point. It also has advantages over conventional comparators in noise and delay. A triple-latch feedforward (TLFF) comparator improves on the triple-tail fully dynamic comparator. The triple-latch feedforward (TLFF) dynamic comparator consists of three-stage latches and a parallel feedforward path. It has a smaller delay time than other circuit designs, especially for large differential input signals.

This paper presents four innovative designs of comparators proposed these years. A latch-type dynamic bias adds a tail capacitor to prevent fully discharging at the pre-amplifier output nodes to reduce energy consumption. The comparator is analysed and then compared with floating inverter amplifier (FIA) type. The pre-amplifier of the FIA type adopts an inverter-based input pair by a floating reservoir capacitor, greatly boosting gm/Id and improving the energy efficiency. The edge-pursuit comparator (EPC) provides a new perspective when designing comparators. According to the input difference, it will automatically adjust the comparison energy, avoiding wasting unnecessary energy spent on coarse comparison. Finally, for the edge-race comparator (ERC), it further improves the performance of saving energy and addressing the relatively long comparison time in the EPC.

The current state-of-the-art communication systems require analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to sample the analog signals in digital representation at high speed and low power consumption with very high accuracy. Performance demand for ADCs directly promote the advancement of their basic component - the comparator. The traditional Strong-Arm dynamic comparator has been widely accepted for its fast decision, but it is limited by its significant voltage headroom and kickback noise. The double-tail latched dynamic comparator mitigates the aforementioned problems by allowing separate stages for the pre-amplifier and the latch so that it can have near- operation. However, energy consumption and propagation delay are still problems to be solved. In this article, we present a review of the recent improvements for the dynamic comparator architecture. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also illustrated with simulation and measurement results.

HFO-1234ze(E) has excellent insulating and environmental properties, but its discharge decomposition mechanism in the presence of trace water is still unclear. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), the discharge decomposition characteristics of HFO-1234ze(E) in the presence of trace water were analyzed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. The results show that in the presence of trace water, HFO-1234ze(E) will decompose and generate H₂, HF, CH≡CF, CH≡CH, CF₃OH, CF₃H, CF₄, C₂F₆, CF₂O, CH₂=CHF and CHF₂CH₃. By analyzing the ionization parameters of the main decomposition products, it can be found that the dielectric strengths of most of the products were lower than that of HFO-1234ze(E). Among the products, CF₃H, CF₄ and C₂F₆ are hazardous to the environment, while CH₂=CHF, CHF₂CH₃ and CF₂O are flammable or toxic, which may endanger the safety of staff. Therefore, water should be avoided when HFO-1234ze(E) is used as the insulating medium.

Solar energy is a renewable energy that the world is endeavouring to utilize. The solar cell is the essential invention that makes energy transfer from light to electricity possible. Solar cells are normally made from silicon wafers due to silicon's semi-conductivity. The thesis will focus on the development of silicon wafers' size and fabrication technology. Through analysis of resent (in 5 years) statistics from reports released by government or incorporations, the link between the trend and the reasons behind is interpreted. ITRPV has pointed out that silicon wafers are switching to the mono-crystalline ones, the larger ones, and the PERC processed ones. The mono-crystalline ones excel in efficiency due to uniform lattice structure, but is more costly because of the Czochralski process. The larger cells can absorb more sunlight. The PERC cell technique reduces recombination and reflects unabsorbed sunlight, therefore gradually eliminates the traditional BSF technique.

Under the development goal of "Carbon Peak, Carbon Neutralization", the concept of novel power system is proposed. Its representative features include AC/DC interconnection of power grid and large-scale access of new energy power stations. Under these characteristics, higher requirements are put forward for the short-circuit current breaking capacity of the circuit breaker. The DC component of short-circuit current and the injection of new energy into the system short-circuit current cannot be ignored. Based on the 330kV local power grid in Northwest China, this paper studies the power grid operation mode, DC component of short-circuit current and the influence of photovoltaic power station on short-circuit current. The influence law of DC component of short-circuit current on the actual breaking capacity of circuit breaker and access of photovoltaic power station on the short-circuit current are summarized. It can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of circuit breaker in novel power system.

GIL electrical parameters are different from overhead lines. With the increasing application of GIL in actual projects, the influence of GIL needs to be considered when calculating the short-circuit current of the power grid. In this paper, the calculation of three-phase short-circuit current is carried out for the EHV double-circuit overhead line on the same tower with GIL. First, the electrical parameters of EHV GIL are calculated. The positive sequence resistance, reactance and capacitance values of a typical GIL are calculated. Secondly, EMTP-ATP software is used to modelling and simulation. The influence of GIL length on the short-circuit current and the position of short-circuit fault is studied respectively. Finally, the influence of the GIL unit length modelling accuracy and the grounding mode of the metal shell on the short-circuit current is studied. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical reference for GIL simulation modelling and the evaluation of the impact of system short-circuit current.

With the application and popularization of distributed power supply and power electronic equipment in power grid, AC distribution is faced with problems such as low efficiency and low power quality. At the same time, due to the advantages of large power supply capacity, long power supply radius, high efficiency, good controllability and adaptability to renewable energy access, DC power distribution has become a crucial development direction of the future distribution system. Reasonable and systematic analysis of power quality problems of DC distribution network plays an important role in its construction and application. Firstly, this paper introduces the background, significance and status of the research on DC distribution network and its power quality. Then introduces the three main topology of DC distribution network structure and connection mode. After selecting pseudo bipolar structure to build the simulation circuit, the power quality phenomena such as voltage sag are simulated and analyzed by PSCAD. The results obtained are consistent with theoretical analysis.

As a benchmark for the overall performance of quantum computers, quantum volume has the advantage of being able to reflect the depth of running quantum circuits. But, the quantum volume test code provided by IBM needs to be executed manually, and the simulation result of the quantum simulator is used as the result of the volume test, so that users cannot quickly and accurately test the quantum volume of the actual quantum computer required. In response to this problem, this paper designs an automated quantum volume test program. The program automatically generates quantum volume sequences, selects the number of executions of quantum circuits, and defines real quantum computers to facilitate users to perform quantum volume tests on quantum computers provided by the IBM Quantum Cloud Platform. Simultaneously, according to the automated test program, the quantum volume of IBM's four small superconducting quantum computers was tested. The test results show that (1) the quantum computer is different, and the qubit layout and execution times ntrials are the same, will cause the quantum volume is uncertain; (2) the same quantum computer, whether ntrials is the same, the robustness of qubit coupling will be affected to a certain extent.

At present, the number of new energy vehicles in China is increasing year by year. In the field of logistics and distribution, new energy vehicles are also showing vigorous vitality. This paper presents a two-stage optimization method for electric vehicle routing problem with hybrid charging strategy. In the first stage, a fuzzy transitive closure method is used to group customer orders, in the second stage, the decision variables and constraints related to the charging strategy are introduced, and a mixed integer linear programming model considering the three charging strategies of fast charging, slow charging and fast switching is constructed, finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by a instance.

In Very Large-Scale Integration Circuit (VLSI) advanced node design, the standard cells are usually designed with mixed height to meet various requirements. In this paper, benefit from the initial placement from global placement, we first align cells to the power rail type matching rows and divide multi-row-height cells into single-row-height ones. Next, quadratic programming model is constructed and converted into linear complementarity problem (LCP). Last, we choose two matrix splits and apply an accelerated modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method to solve LCP. Experimental results indicate that we achieve better performance than two published state-of the-art works.

At present, most of the analysis of the amplitude and duration of the voltage sag is based on the probability distribution map of a large number of measured data, in order to solve this problem, a calculation method is proposed to transform the sag amplitude and duration into the sag slope and sag amplitude time, which can quantitatively express the tilt degree of the voltage sag waveform and the persistence at the lowest amplitude. After analyzing the simulation waveforms of short circuit fault and transformer excitation by slope calculation method, the values of sag slope and sag amplitude time obtained are more perfect than the original sag amplitude and duration description, which is beneficial to the follow-up study of voltage sag.

The steady-state indexes of power quality are obviously nonlinear and non-stationary under the influence of many factors, leading to the existing algorithms not to achieve high-precision prediction for power quality. Considering the excellent performance of Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory model in time series analysis and the outstanding advantages of Bayesian algorithm in global optimization, a prediction model for power quality based on BiLSTM optimized by Bayesian is proposed. The actual data of power quality are used to test the performance of the model, and the results show that the proposed prediction model has higher accuracy and better applicability.

In the process of gas measurement using non-dispersible UV detection technology, the quality of optical signal is directly related to the inversion of concentration. Traditional methods of improving the quality usually processed the detector signal directly, which destroy useful information, and is difficult to eliminate the overall interference of the environment to the detector. The analog circuit system for interference cancellation is designed based on active noise control (ANC) in the paper. The interference channel is added to obtain external noise signal, which through inverting, amplitude and phase adjustment superimposed on the measurement signal by the ANC system, and the digital potentiometer AD5263 is control to optimize by the MCU. The simulation results show that noise standard deviation decrease from 75.16mv to 10.27mv. And the correlation between the processed signal and the NO₂ concentration reached 0.99768, which shows the system can be applied suitably in the non-dispersible technology.

Wind is one of the most destructive external loads of transmission lines, and typhoon-caused severe damage or even destruction of electric power facilities occurred frequently. In order to research the critical wind speed of instability failure of UHV transmission tower-line coupling system under typhoon, the UHV transmission line in Zhejiang is chosen as the research subject and a finite element model of the UHV tower-line coupling system is established. By using the improved generalized force calculation method, the dynamic response of the transmission tower is converted to the static response. Then the LRC method is used to calculate the equivalent static wind load of the tower and obtains the wind response of the UHV transmission tower-line coupling system. The results show that under the typhoon wind field, the component at the junction of the tower head and the body first reaches the supercritical state. Specifically, when the wind speed at 10-meters height reaches 31m/s, the profile component of the tower head will be damaged. With the increase of wind speed, the damaged area of the tower head also expends. When the wind speed at 10-meters height reaches 37m/s, the main load-bearing component of the tower head-body junction will lose its stability, which will directly threaten the safety of the transmission tower.

A battery energy storage system is one of the practical and effective ways to achieve carbon neutrality. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used because of their long cycle life, high energy density, high rated voltage, and low self-discharge rate, etc. Their large-scale application has put forward higher requirements for the battery management system (BMS) to ensure the reliable operation of batteries. However, due to the electrochemical reactions and complex operating conditions inside the battery, it is difficult to accurately assess the internal state of the battery. The state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) are two important parameters in the battery management system. This paper systematically summarizes the current commonly used SOC and SOH estimation methods and analyzes the characteristics of each method. The problems and future research trends of battery SOC and SOH estimation techniques are also described, which are expected to provide a reference for further research in this field.

A compact 60GHz power amplifier chip in 65nm CMOS technology of three-stage common source structure is presented. The first two amplifiers offer sufficient gain to pre-amplify the small input power. The third stage amplifier uses two sets of differential pairs to achieve power synthesis. On-chip transformer coupling is adopted to realize inter-stage impedance matching as well as input and output matching. The compact structure of on-chip transformer can reduce the chip size and improve the integration degree. The measured small signal gain at 60GHz of 22.3dB, the saturation power of 20.2dBm, the output P_-1dB of 17.3dBm, the PAE of 14%, and the core area is 0.19mm². The power amplifier can be used in high-speed short-range wireless communication system to enhance communication data transmission capacity.

Non-intrusive load monitoring is an important means to monitor the power consumption of end-user equipment in real time and timely. At present, there are still some problems in non-invasive load identification, such as the analysis of feature quantity is not detailed enough, the subjectivity of feature selection is strong, and the effect of identification algorithm is not good because it does not fully consider the information expression difference of feature quantity. In order to mine local features and the advantage of the latter in capturing the global relationship between sequence elements, a deep self-attention network method based on self-attention calculation is proposed. The research shows that this method has higher accuracy in solving the problem of load decomposition, and the training speed is faster than the traditional deep learning method. It performs well in the power decomposition of continuous variable state equipment and multi state equipment.

This paper presents a 915 MHz radio frequency (RF) wireless energy transfer system which contains RF energy transmitters and RF energy harvesting nodes. Firstly, Advanced Design System (ADS) is used to design and optimize the monopole voltage doubler rectifier circuit. Secondly, an energy harvesting node is designed by a commercial RF/DC rectifier and a 915 MHz antenna. Finally, the RF energy transfer experiment between RF energy transmitter and RF energy harvesting node is demonstrated. Experimental data fits well with theoretical analysis and the harvested energy show a non-linear relationship with the distance and angle between the receiving node antenna and the transmitter antenna. The experimental data is valuable for designing RF-powered nodes and optimizing the movement trajectory of the mobile RF energy transmitter, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

Solar energy is the most promising new energy. It is inexhaustible, and the use of solar energy will not damage the earth's ecology and environment; Safe, no pollution, low utilization cost, and not restricted by geographical conditions. The solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy and transmits it to the load. When the non-uniform semiconductor (PN junction) is irradiated with light of appropriate wavelength, the electromotive force is generated inside the semiconductor due to the action of the internal field. Solar cell is a semiconductor photovoltaic element that converts light energy into electrical energy, using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor. The main focus of solar cell design is to increase their conversion efficiency. This paper focuses on methods for increasing the conversion efficiency of solar cells, which can lead to more efficient energy for space technology. The conversion efficiency of a solar cell is defined as the ratio of the output electrical energy to the incident light energy. This paper focuses on the following methods to increase the conversion efficiency: enabling the solar cells to correspond to a wider spectrum and gradient doping. We have found that some of these methods can be applied to different solar cell materials. They are also quite realizable and can be put into practical production.

Photolithography is one of the core methods in the semiconductor industry for the mass production of integrated circuits (IC). It is also the driving force behind Moore's Law, which predicts the number of transistors in an integrated circuit to double every two years. This paper aims to overview the photolithography process and its current situations, starting with the rationale behind it and its advantages. We review the photolithography process in individual steps and gave typical process parameters when applicable. Then we introduce the major photolithography system manufacturers of interest, followed by an overview of techniques used to improve the resolution of photolithographic systems, namely immersion lithography, Extreme-Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, and Resolution Enhancement Techniques (RETs). Finally we discuss the challenges encountered in lithography technology.

Flip chip technology has been rapidly developed and widely used in the field of microelectronic packaging, and defect detection has also received more and more attention. Aiming at the problem that noise affects the location and extraction of signal defects in ultrasonic testing, the sparse Bayesian learning based on generalized approximate message passing (GAMP-SBL) algorithm is used to extract signal defects, and the over-complete Gabor dictionary is used to reconstruct signal defects to effectively improve Sparse decomposition algorithm. The precision experiment tested the defect simulation signal and the actual ultrasonic signal respectively, and compared with the greedy algorithm. The experimental results show that the GAMP-SBL algorithm can more effectively extract the defect signal under the noise background.

The development of semantic web technology supports the continuous development of linked data and its applications. In order to make effective use of the growing linked data on the web, multi-source data should be fused, which is a key step in multi-source large-scale data analysis and management. Currently, merging these data can be difficult, because various sources usually provide multiple conflict descriptions for entities in the same real world. To complete the fusion, we need to solve the problem of object conflict. This paper proposes a linked data fusion method based on similarity calculation and k-nearest neighbor. This method has two contributions. Firstly, a similarity calculation method of linked data is proposed, which can effectively integrate URI nodes and blank nodes in linked data; Secondly, a literal type node fusion strategy based on k-nearest neighbor classification method is proposed, which realizes the automation of fusion and has the independence of data source. The results show that compared with other methods, this method can improve the conciseness and consistency and precision by up to 12.9%, 30.6% and 12%.

Focusing on the characteristics of naval base targets, according to the conditions of the geographical location, the facilities size, the capacity of the station and the undertake task, the target level analysis were taken according to the comprehensive value, value and alternative target based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). The hierarchical model which reflects the correlation of all factors was build. The quantitative analysis and evaluation of the multi-naval bases were carried out from combat capability, guarantee capability, command and control capability, reconnaissance and early warning capability and defensive capability. Multi-target selection analysis and comprehensive capability ranking of naval base are obtained.

Cognitive radio (CR) network is a promising technology to solve the problem of spectrum scarcity arising from the growth of usage of wireless networks and mobile services. CR networks can find idle channels and access them opportunistically with spectrum sensing technology. In this paper, resource allocation with sensing-based interference recording is considered for several loosely-coupled cognitive radio networks, in which the base station controls the end-users' (EUs) transmission by making channel allocation strategies based on recorded interference information. We proposed a method to record this information and an allocation strategy with low computational complexity, to increase the capacity of tasks with fixed data size in the system. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our model for recording the statistical behaviour of the cognitive network interference and allocating channels for higher system capacity.

With the continuous development of the wind industry, wind turbine blade failure causes wind turbine shutdown, which damages the revenue of wind power. In order to more effectively detect the damage on the surface of wind turbine blade. By comparing ResNet-18 /50, VGG-19 and GoogLeNet models, ResNet-18 has the advantages of short training time and high accuracy. Therefore, ResNet-18 convolutional neural network is selected as the basic network, and a deep learning training and detection model is built based on MATLAB. In order to further optimize the model, multiple convolution kernel is selected for the main branch of residual structure of ResNet-18 to extract features, and add 3×3 pool layer, it is used to improve the learning ability of the model. In addition, Aadm, Sgdm and Rmsprop optimization algorithms are added to further improve the robustness of the model. Experiments show that the classification and recognition accuracy of the improved ResNet-18 model for fan blades is 94.17%, which is 2.5% higher than that of the original model. The improved ResNet-18 model has good recognition effect,it improves a faster and more accurate solution for fan blade surface damage identification in complex weather environment.

An authenticated encryption chip with novel nonce generation circuit was developed. This circuit associates the nonce generation with the contents and receiving time of plaintext. It will also generate overlapping power compensation for the whole chip. The integrated chip was fabricated under SMIC 180nm technology. Under 1.8V VDD, 100MHz global clock, the power consumption is about 14mW within 50k gates. The test result exhibits more than 10 times the strength in resistance to side-channel attack than the unprotected version without increasing hardware cost.

This paper takes the SINS/BDS ultra-tight integrated navigation system as the background of research. Based on the existing integrated navigation nonlinear filtering algorithm, an ultra-tight integrated navigation method based on CKF filtering algorithm is proposed. Compared with the EKF and UKF algorithms, the CKF algorithm reduces the errors caused by intercepting higher order terms in the EKF, overcomes the problem of difficult to determine adjustable parameters in the UKF in practical applications, and greatly reduces the computational effort. Because of the above advantages nowadays the research focus of filtering algorithms is more on CKF algorithm related methods. The EKF, UKF and CKF are applied to the SINS/BDS ultra-tight integrated navigation system for simulation and comparison analysis in order to verify the performance of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the CKF algorithm is an effective and feasible algorithm for integrated navigation method because its stability, filtering accuracy and adaptability are synthetically better than those of the EKF and UKF algorithms.

Pin void is one of the key factors affecting the reliability of intelligent power module. It is difficult to accurately identify and measure whether it is a pin void and its size through X-ray equipment. This paper investigates the pin void analytical method of high voltage intelligent power module. An effective combinatorial analysis method is provided. Besides, pin void is compared and studied with different situations of reflow soldering, pin pressure bar and pin type in this research. The effects of different situations of these parameters on pin void are evaluated.

This paper first introduces the development of text mining technology, points out the difficulties of text mining technology, and then designs the power text mining based on natural language processing technology Then it introduces the typical application of text data mining technology in 95598 customer service complaints. Finally, it puts forward the application effect and challenge of power text mining.

With the widespread application of Knowledge Graphs, Knowledge Graph query technology has received widespread attention. The daily use of natural language usually contains fuzzy terms. The use of fuzzy terms in queries is more in line with natural language habits. Therefore, fuzzy questions have been widely discussed and applied in relational data models, and their use in NoSQL data models has also begun to be affected in recent years. RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a representative model of the knowledge graph, and SPARQL is the standard query language of RDF. To realize the fuzzy query of the knowledge graph, this paper introduces the unclear expansion syntax of aggregate function based on summarizing and analyzing the existing SPARQL fuzzy expansion. Supplements the qualitative preference analysis method then proposes and SPARQL1. 1 Corresponding fuzzy SPARQL1.1 (f-SPARQL1.1) simultaneously provides strategies and techniques for rewriting ambiguous queries into classic SPARQL queries. In addition, this article also provides a visual interface for defining the membership functions of fuzzy terms and provides three interactive methods for setting fuzzy membership functions. Compared with the previous fuzzy query methods for RDF models, the method proposed in this paper has more vital fuzzy query ability and more flexible universality. The experimental results show the usability of the method proposed in this paper.

A scattering plate consisting of multiple lead strips is an effective tool for scatter correction and dose reduction in cone-beam CT(CBCT). Existing scattering plate correction methods take advantage of data redundancy by partially blocking cone beam data from a single scan to make up and perform scattering correction. However, for geometric objects with large cone angles during CBCT scans, existing backprojection-filteration(BPF) algorithms cannot accurately reconstruct the object due to data inconsistency and truncation, and may produce additional image artifacts. In order to improve the image quality at large cone angles, this paper proposes a hybrid scatter correction method for filteration-backprojection (FBP) image reconstruction from partially blocked cone beam data using data rearrangement. The proposed method uses a blocker consisting of multiple lead strips that are placed between the light source and the object to provide scatter correction and image reconstruction with beam-blocked data. In combination with a data rearrangement algorithm, the cone-beam projection data is rearranged into a tilted parallel projection data, followed by weighted filtering and inverse projection reconstruction. The experimental results of CBCT show that the proposed method effectively corrects the scattering in each projection and reconstructs the scatter-corrected image from a single scan.

According to deformable target sizes in the detection for Thangka Seats, an optimized few shot Thangka detection model is proposed. The deep residual network based on the deformable convolution is designed to extract the Thangka image features to decrease the missing detections rate. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance than the FSOD model on the Thangka dataset. The AP of 2-way 1-shot is 28.5 %, and the AP50 reaches 67.6 %, which increases by 4.7 % and 4.7 %, respectively.

With the introduction of computer technology, network attacks have become more frequent. Some illegal elements may intrude into computers through network attacks to tamper with messages, spread viruses and other destructive behaviors, causing great damage to personal sensitive information, industrial control networks, transaction systems, etc. . For this, this design proposes an improved intrusion detection method based on feature selection and integrated model. The NSL-KDD training data set is used to evaluate the proposed model. First, balance the data categories through the SMOTE-ENN method, and then use feature selection technology and PCA feature extraction technology to reduce the number of irrelevant features and improve the classification accuracy. Finally, using CART as the base classifier, Bagging technology is used to establish an integrated model and an intrusion detection system. Experimental results show that the CART-based Bagging method provides better accuracy, lower false alarm rate and faster model training speed, and the system can detect intrusion attacks with similar attributes and has a certain degree of adaptability.

This paper designs an automatic generation method of Reconfigurable Scan Networks (RSNs) directed topology model combined with graph theory. By studying IEEE 1687 chains information, RSNs directed topology model is generated automatically based on the interconnections between on-chip instruments and the corresponding internal register length which are determined on standard Instrument Connectivity Language (ICL) script. The test and result analysis demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the technology, which solves the inefficiency and high error rate of RSNs directed topology model built by artificial analyzing ICL script.

SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) images of sea targets are of great significance to the military. In view of the high cost of obtaining the measured data of sea targets SAR images, this paper implements a sea target SAR image simulation method based on electromagnetic scattering calculations. This method uses the Phillips spectrum to generate the sea surface geometric model, and combines the target model and the sea surface model; then uses the SBR(Shooting and Bouncing Rays) to calculate the electromagnetic scattering of the sea surface target; finally, the SAR image of the sea surface target is simulated by the RCS(Radar Cross Section) obtained by the calculation. Through the analysis of the results of different sea states and different incident angles, it is shown that this method can complete the SAR image simulation of sea surface targets at different sea states and different angles, and the simulation effect is relatively realistic.

coal is an important energy. Coal mining needs a series of equipment, among which communication equipment can ensure the safety of underground workers in the mining process and improve production efficiency. Aiming at the problems of multipath fading and anti-interference of signal transmission in coal mine, researchers propose to optimize the quality of signal transmission in coal mine with OFDM technology. Compared with traditional OFDM technology, this paper proposes a method of mine OFDM intelligent receiver based on deep learning, which aims to use deep learning technology to replace the signal recovery process of the receiver of traditional OFDM technology. The simulation results show that in terms of bit error rate, the signal recovery of the receiver based on deep learning technology is obviously better than that of the traditional OFDM receiver. This will improve the economic benefits of coal mining in the future.

At present, ip-iq algorithm based on instantaneous reactive power theory is the most widely used in the field of harmonic detection.However, the ip-iq algorithm based on instantaneous reactive power has coordinate transformation and inverse transformation, which leads to cumbersome calculation.the existence of low-pass filter leads to delay and poor dynamic performance of the algorithm.The harmonic detection based on BP neural network has the advantages of simple calculation, fast detection speed, strong adaptive ability and good dynamic performance.However, the initial weights and thresholds are random, so it is easy for the network to fall into local optimal solution during training, resulting in low detection accuracy. This paper presents a harmonic detection method based on ant colony algorithm optimized BP neural network. ACO-BP, BP and ip-iq algorithms are compared by Simulink simulation. The results show that ACO-BP harmonic detection algorithm is feasible and superior