Table of contents

5th Agria Conference on Innovative Vehicle Technologies and Automation Solutions, InnoVeTAS 2021

László Soltész¹*, László Pokorádi², István Gödri³

¹Emerson Automation FCP Ltd, H- 3300 Eger, Hungary

²Institute Óbuda University, Institute of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, Népszinház u. 8, H-1081 Budapest, Hungary

³Emerson Automation FCP Ltd, H- 3300 Eger, Hungary

*Email: laszlo.soltesz@emerson.com

Last year had brought challenges from several aspects. The World had changed, people had learnt how to work from home, conferences were organized online, social distances kept increasing. In this new situation, Emerson had dedicated itself to continue the Pneumobile competition. This year will be the 2nd one, where the competition will be managed in an online space; which means new tasks and challenges for teams, as they have to demonstrate the performance of their vehicles, through videos.

Aligned with the Pneumobile competition situation, this is also the second Agria Conference being performed online. This year, this conference has been placed prior to the Pneumobile competition and not as a background event of it. The InnoVeTAS 2021 conference date remains on the originally planned 13th of May, in Eger, Hungary. The Pneumobile 2021 competition has been moved to September 2021.

Back in 2020, the Hungarian R&D Team of Machine Automation received a promotion. It became the Center of Competence Actuator EMEA. Parallel to this change, we decided to expand the scope of the Agria Conference series. In 2021, at the 5th Agria Conference on Innovative Vehicle Technologies and Automation Solutions (InnoVeTAS 2021), the scope of the conference has been aligned to the product and service portfolio of Emerson, in addition to Pneumobile vehicles. The Conference has become more and more of a respected scientific event in Eger as well as at the European level. This year, 16 high level papers have been published and their connected presentations are being shown at the conference. The main aim of the conference remains; to provide the possibility for team members and teachers of these Pneumobile teams to share their experiences and scientific results, during development of these vehicles.

List of Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, Editorial Committee, Invited Speakers, Organizing Institution, Sponsor are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Single-blind

• Conference submission management system:

• Number of submissions received: 19

• Number of submissions sent for review: 16

• Number of submissions accepted: 16

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 84.2

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 25

• Any additional info on review process:

• Contact person for queries:

László Pokorádi; Óbuda University; pokoradi.laszlo@bgk.uni-obuda.hu; László Soltész; Emerson Automation FCP Ltd..; laszlo.soltesz@emerson.com

This paper presents similarities and connection points of Autogenetic Design Theory (ADT) and evolutionary methods. During a short historical overview, ADT is positioned in a timeline. The authors show where common issue points between the two approaches are. Then demonstrate how to use these methods, to avoid a long progress of iteration and tests of several versions and directions. Via an example study of truck floor design, benefits of evolutionary methods are highlighted and made understandable for readers.

The present study is concerned with the presentation of diagnostic strategies and methods based on vibro-acoustic signals that are able to check the operation of mechanical structures (e.g. internal combustion engines) or to detect faults on test bench during operation. The main goal of this study is to summarize and review the state-of-the art monitoring procedures and diagnostic methods based on vibrational and acoustical signals by the help of literature sources. A further goal is to familiarize the reader with the theoretical background of these procedures and concepts adjusted to the topic. The paper seeks to illustrate the application of each methods through practical examples, so it may be useful for those who wish to understand what kind of fault can be detected by using vibro-acoustic diagnostic systems. Last, but not least, the arose difficulties and limitations associated with use of this methods are mentioned. This paper is focusing principally on some of signal - based methods in time - and frequency domain, such as Fast Fourier Transformation, Short Time Fourier Transformation, orbit portraits, symmetrized dot pattern method and time synchronous average.

Successful product development is a common challenge for technical and management experts. The increasing pressure on time reduction and cost savings while enhancing product features, requires rethinking project management methods. This paper analyses the opinions of product development experts about the success factors of product development projects. A voluntary online survey was used for data collection in 2020. The study confirms that development engineers, test engineers, project managers, and product development managers have partially different approaches to important success factors. Precise regulation and focus on collaboration are considered essential topics. The results show that knowledge management and collaboration with other organizational units must be improved. Enhancing the interpretation of project success and forcing the better utilization of lessons learned or module information can contribute to sustainable success.

Grillage - formally lattice - structures are made of longitudinal beams and cross members. Grillages can model vehicle frames, bus floor frames or an entire vehicle. The optimization of the cross members of this structure is shown in this article. The optimization method is a nature-inspired metaheuristic evolutionary method, the flower pollination algorithm. The target function is the total weight and cost of the optimized cross-member. Unknowns are typical cross-sectional dimensions of the cross-member. The design constraints considered are local buckling of web plate and flanges, and fatigue. The calculation was performed assuming the usage of aluminium alloys. In this paper, we propose a possible parallelization method, for computation of base algorithm and one group of fitness functions. The results show, that parallel computations can lead to significant reduction in computational time, if the population size is large and the number of variables are also large.

There is a high need – especially in industrial organizations – to launch successful products and services. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what are the key factors in project success. The motivation of the research is to examine, if there is a model that can be applied to predict future project success; preferably in the automotive engineering and manufacturing environment. The paper aims to study project success literature and understand the differences and similarities between project success and project management success. Also, highlight the importance of the application of convenient models, to define success factors and link them with success criteria. Without a proper definition of success, success factors, and success criteria, the right success model cannot be chosen; therefore, the risk for an unsuccessful launch is higher. Applying a proper success model forecasts future project success. The first section of the paper introduces project success management, afterward literature review given differentiating project success, project management success, and success models. The overview highlights the importance of proper success factors and criteria definitions supported by success factor model application to increase the likelihood of successful project implementation.

The most used technology for ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) is VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks) which is a subclass of MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks).VANET enables wireless communication between vehicles as well as RSU (Road Side Units), by using the standard 802.11p channels bandwidth to transmit all sort of information to each vehicle, within the range of the communication, providing passengers with plethora of safety, comfort and traffic monitoring applications. These networks are characterized by the predictable motion nature of vehicles which allows to predict the future locations of the nodes. They are also known for their varying topology through time, due to the changing number of nodes and the lane-constrained mobility patterns and their reduced power consumption requirements. However, the implementation, deployment and testing of VANET implies significant cost and requires a huge experimental platform. Therefore, computer simulation seems to be one of the best alternatives to test VANET communication protocols, before their deployment. However, the correct simulation of these networks requires to have access to a large number of heterogeneous mobility and traffic scenarios. Several research works try to solve these issues by creating mobility models that tend to accurately generate trace-files, that reflect the true nature of road traffic motion. This paper reviews these existing solutions and the need to develop them into intelligent tools, capable of faithfully reflecting human driving behavior in computer simulation scenarios designed to accurately test VANETs.

In the present age, modern technical systems, such as vehicles, should have reliability requirements. The sensors and their networks used in modern technical systems can be modelled as a System with Complex Interconnections (SwCI). Most of the real SwCI in the automotive industry are sensory, as Bridge Structure System (BSS). The BSS is widely used as an example in the field of system reliability analysis. The aims of this paper are to apply the True Table Method (TTM) and the Linear Sensitivity Model of System Reliability (LSMoSR), to investigate uncertainties of reliability of BSS in different cases.

This paper presents survey results conducted in the domestic automotive industry. In this context, current trends in the maintenance sector were examined. In particular, the effects of smart manufacturing and modern devices on maintenance were addressed. The authors analysed the given responses and looked for correlations between them.

The rapid spread of digitization raises some questions about the sustainability or preparedness of economic associations and their resilience to threats. Based on recently completed research, it can be said, that behind the technology aspect of digitization; it is essential to develop a management approach to reduce the exposure of knowledge stored in data, to threats. Beyond the opportunities provided by digitization, there is a counterweight to the dangers and importance of data protection presented in this study. At the same time, organizations and surveillance systems set up to support data and information protection, as well as cyberattacks, are currently mentioned as some of the most significant risk factors in the world. Then a current research's results are introduced, on the importance of data protection. Finally, the paper concludes with some cases that have happened in the real world.

The prototype has played a major role in the design of industrial products since the beginning. The series production was never launched until the designers validated the new product by studying in detail a prototype made identical to the ones that would have come out on the tape. Rapid prototyping, especially through 3D Printing, for small and medium-sized products, managed to improve this design phase by the quality of the prototype obtained and by the short times of its realisation. Recently, virtual immersion tends to replace 3D Printing technology (or work together), the prototype made by this technology offering the designer many more features of the designed product. As a concept, Virtual Reality Aided Design (VRAD) significantly reduces production times, costs and especially allows the rapid modification of the prototype, which is impossible to achieve in 3D Printing. Our article presents the study of a Compressed Air Vehicle (CAV) prototype participating in the international academic competition PNEUMOBILE; it is a study carried out by the UPBAIR team of UPB through virtual immersion. We believe that the study can be extended to the prototyping of any industrial product, adding that our CAV prototype is quite simplistic and quite far from the complexity of a series car.

The aim of this study is to minimize minor losses in cap-end ports of a pneumatic cylinder used in pneumobil vehicle engine. Six geometry arrangements of intake ports, including the currently used version, were designed assuming conventional machining technology. Boundary conditions for the analysis were acquired from experimental measurement. The air flow was analyzed by 3D stationary CFD analysis in ANSYS Fluent for all designs. Pressure drop was used as the evaluation criteria. Two best configurations according to the obtained results were optimized using ANSYS Fluent Adjoint Solver. The pressure drop was reduced by 81.1% using this method. The obtained results will be used for design of solid geometry customized for production by lost wax casting process.

Vehicle engine cooling systems have several functions. Excess heat removal from the engine helps to rapidly cool it, quickly reach operating temperature, maintain a constant engine operating temperature, and provide heat to the vehicle's passenger compartment. Developments in the automotive industry, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, now also involve the temperature management of battery packs. Currently, the coolant used in cooling systems is water or an equivalent substance. Water as a coolant has low thermal conductivity. Therefore, researchers are trying to use nano-liquid as a coolant in the cooling system. Better results are expected by use of this alternative. Nano-liquids contain metal particles that enhance thermal transfer properties, so current and future cooling systems could operate more efficiently. Adding phase change materials to the cooling and air handling systems will result in better efficiency in future vehicles. In the case of hybrid and electric vehicles, the addition of thermoelectric generators to cooling and exhaust systems increase efficiency. Present developments help increase a vehicles' usability and the possibility of achieving greater efficiency.

This publication presents a new generation measuring system, designed and constructed for the testing of pneumatic powertrains, at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Debrecen, as well as its design and assembly process. It also describes test measurements applying the measuring system together with their results. During the test measurements, the pressure in the cylinder and in other parts of the system were measured, as well as the kinematic functions of the piston, during the operation of the powertrain under loaded conditions. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and further development directions are set.

The suspension is one of the most important parts of a motorcycle. The main function of a suspension is to connect the frame with the wheels. During its operation different forces and torques affect this unit. It is important to analyse the behaviour of the suspension during its use. The subject of the article is to present the design and application possibilities of a device suitable for testing the rear suspension of motorcycles. With this equipment it is possible to analyse the rear suspension of motorcycles. During its operation, the test bench moves an artificial obstacle under the wheel. As a result, the equipment simulates the motorcycle's passing through uneven road surfaces. This way we can analyse a rear suspension of a motorcycle or a suspension fixed to a test frame.

AVL Boost is a fully integrated simulation software in the field of internal combustion engines. At the University of Debrecen, it has been roughly a year since the launch of the Partnership Program with AVL Advanced Simulation Technologies. Although 2020 made us face unusual and unexpected challenges, the use of Boost has begun both in research projects and in engineering courses. The software provides a wide range of applications in engine performance, tailpipe emissions and acoustics. It is inherently appropriate only for internal combustion engines including both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. However, with a link to other AVL software packages (e.g. Cruise or Fire), hybrid vehicles can be studied too. Boost enables the user to perform a solely computational approach, as well as the comparison of experimental findings with simulation results. The software offers a high level of flexibility of the fuel type and fuel composition, including the possibility to use both conventional and alternative fuels. Our paper provides an overview of the software including a general introduction, a review of selected publications from recent years and a discussion of the application of Boost, in engineering courses and student projects.

Vehicle dynamics modelling is a tool in the hands of design engineers, that saves time and cost during the development phase. By using the model for simulation, a real vehicle and the measurements made on it can be generated; optimizations can be done with automated algorithms, sensors and measurements can be replaced, and the development process is simplified. However, for this to be feasible, it is necessary to develop a suitable model, that describes reality, with sufficient accuracy. The paper presents a model, suitable for running dynamic simulations of a pneumatically driven vehicle [1], and [2].