Table of contents

The International Conference on Functional Nanomaterials and High-Purity Substances is major scientific forum traditionally organized every two years. The present 8^th Conference, as usually, covers fundamentals of designing functional, in particular, high-purity metallic, ceramic, and composite nanomaterials and materials, technological basis for their manufacturing, problems of their analysis, and applications. The Conference provides opportunities for the attendees to exchange new ideas and application experience, to establish scientific relations, and to find partners for mutually beneficial collaborations.

The main directions of the Conference are: magnetic materials and systems; composite materials, including polymer compositions; and functional inorganic materials, including high purity and single-crystal. Dimensional, structural and impurity factors in the materials science and engineering developments, methods for studying functional metallic, ceramic and composite materials are discussed. Rare-earth metals, their resources, preparation, purification, designing rare-earth-containing functional materials are in the focus of the present Conference. Information about innovative technologies in powder and granule-metallurgy materials and structure and properties of carbon composite structural materials as well are widely presented and considered in terms of the Conference.

Along with plenary and section presentations, school conference for young scientists, and extensive poster sessions, round-table meetings are held and allow the participants to discuss promising projects in the field of the development of novel functional nanomaterials and their efficient applications.

Duration of plenary reports - 30 minutes, invited reports - 20 minutes, sectional presentations - 15 minutes, reports within the framework of the Youth School - 10 minutes. In total, 253 presentations (167 - oral and 86 - poster) were presented. 35 reports were submitted by young scientists.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Open

• Conference submission management system: Program committee

• Number of submissions received: 42

• Number of submissions sent for review: 42

• Number of submissions accepted: 42

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted/Number of Submissions Received X 100): 100

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 10

Any additional info on review process: The review process was realized by Members of Program Committee

• Contact person for queries: Prosvirnin Dmitry, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, imetran@yandex.ru Kolchugina Natalia, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, nkolchugina@imet.ac.ru

The review process was realized by Members of Program Committee

Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences

1. G.S. Burkhanov, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, gburkhanov@imet.ac.ru

2. A.G. Kolmakov, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, gburkhanov@imet.ac.ru

3. K.V. Grigorovich, Academician, Russian Academy of Sciences, kgrigorovich@imet.ac.ru

4. N.B. Kolchugina, Dr. Sci., nkolchugina@imet.ac.ru

5. A.S. Anokhin, PhD, aanokhin@imet.ac.ru

6. D.V. Prosvirnin, PhD, dprosvirnin@imet.ac.ru

7. S.V. Simakov, Dr. Sci., ssimakov@imet.ac

8. G.A. Politova, PhD, gpolitova@imet.ac.ru

NRC "Kurchatov Institute" – CRISM "Prometey"

9. P.A. Kuzhnetsov, Dr. Sci., mail@crism.ru

SSC RF JSC "GNIIChTEOS"

10. P.A. Storozhenko, Academician, Russian Academy of Sciences

The paper focuses on properties of polymers to produce core-shell ceramic powders (Al₂O₃, TiC, ZrO₂-Y₂O₃, TiB₂, SiO₂, SiC, ZrB₂, Si₃N₄, TiN, B₄C) and to set selective laser sintering (SLS) parameters to make ceramic prototypes with complex shape and bionic design. Polymer materials: polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) grades V, 8/1, 16/1; polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) grades M10 and M100; polyamide (PA) grades 12 carbon, 6/66/610 - 1, 6/66 - 4, 54/10 (6/66 - 1), polystyrene (PS) grades 525M and 825M were investigated to determine glass transition temperature (T_g), melting (T_m) and crystallization (T_cr) points, as well as thermal effects in nitrogen, argon and air. Polymers were heated to temperature comparable to the melting point with step of 5 °C/min and were cooled to 20 °C with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

Parameters have been developed and experimental studies carried out for the synthesis of W-C-Co system nanopowders in a limited jet plasma reactor by interaction of tungsten oxide and cobalt with methane in hydrogen-nitrogen plasma flow generated in an electric arc plasma torch. Nanoscale powders with a specific surface area of about 25 m2/g, consisting mainly of tungsten-carbon phases and cobalt, have been produced.

The first part of the article describes the regulatory requirements related to the control of the main parameters of working areas and technological environments in high technology manufacturing: number concentration of aerosol particles and cleanrooms classification, mass concentration of aerosol particles in the premises and means for its control, number concentration of particles in liquid media and methods of its control.

In the second part of the article, the trend of deterioration of the technical condition of the existing measuring instruments for disperse parameters of aerosols, suspensions and powder materials is described.

In conclusion, it is proposed to create service and calibration centers for measuring instruments maintenance, as well as shared-use equipment centers based on national metrological organizations.

A theoretical study of the factors affecting the workpiece accuracy under conditions of local plastic deformation has been carried out. The study has shown that when a two-support workpiece is bent by the force applied in the center along its length, plastic deformation occurs only at 1/3 of its length, and 2/3 remains under the elastic deformation. The paper analyzes the technologies and features of transient local plastic deformation, the factors influencing geometry fidelity are determined. The author gives the load function values under which the elastic deformation occurs as well as the carrying capacity loss load for the ideally plastic material unhardened. The function for calculating the values of elastic and plastic deformation zones is determined, which makes it possible to eliminate the need for additional calculations of the plastic deformation zone boundaries.

The electrical conductivity of thin films of MoS₂ and graphite has been studied under conditions of continuous injection of low-energy protons (∼ 1-4 keV). The effect of a sharp increase (by 3-4 orders of magnitude) in the electrical conductivity of substances with a layered structure (MoS₂ and graphite) at T ∼ 293 K has been established. The observed effect increases (from 2 to 10 times) as the temperature decreases from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature (T ∼ 77 K) and with increasing number of protons injected into the sample. The established temperature variation of electrical resistance is typical for materials with a metallic type of conductivity. It is shown that a thin surface layer, onto which protons penetrate, is responsible for the change in the electrical conductivity of MoS₂ and graphite films.

Manufacturing features, structure and properties of low-alloyed molybdenum sheets 0.5 mm thick made from the experimental Mo-3 wt.% Re single crystal are described and discussed in the present work. The developed technological scheme includes warm rolling of the initial ingot at a temperature of 1150 °C, with heating in the argon protective atmosphere, subsequent annealing at 850 °C for 2/3 h in a vacuum, no less than 1 ·10³ mmHg, cold rolling at a temperature of 400 °C, and post-deformation annealing at 800 C for 1/2 h. The results of micro structure analysis, physical and mechanical studies show that thin sheets are characterized by simultaneously high strength and plasticity, as well as the required temperature coefficient of linear expansion (TCLE), necessary for bonding with a glass by a thermo-compression welding. Obtained results reveal perspectives for the development of the application of thin Mo-3 wt.% Re sheets in vacuum engineering for the vacuum-tight metal-glass parts.

We report an observation of the Kondo effect in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of magnetically undoped AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor heterostructures and analyze the 2DEG magnetoresistance oscillations to reveal the small-scale structure of the confining potential. Temperature-dependent zero-field resistivity data exhibit an appreciable upturn below 120 K, followed by the standard low-temperature weak-localization (WL) behaviour below 50 K, crossing over to a pronounced weak antilocalization (WAL) picture at T < 3 K. Magnetotransport characterization was carried out in the temperature range 100 mK ÷ 300 K in the magnetic fields B up to 8 T, applied perpendicular to the 2DEG plane. The Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak oscillations of the magnetoresistance with period h/2e, clearly observed against the background of its smooth behavior, are determined by the inhomogeneity of the 2 DEG confinement and allows to estimate its characteristic spatial scales.

The article were discussed the effect of multiple martensitic transformations with a different number of cycles on the functional characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties of the TiNi alloys in different structural states and chemical compositions. As a result of multiple martensitic transformations, the accumulation of defects and a decrease in the size of structural elements are observed. The most effective phase hardening is in an equiatomic alloy. The Ti_49.8Ni_50.2 alloy demonstrates stability to phase hardening in all studied states.

Heat capacity measurements have been performed for multicomponent (Ho_0.9Er_0.1)_1-xGd_xCo₂ compounds with x = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15. The isothermal magnetic entropy change, ΔS_mag, allowing the estimation of the magnetocaloric effect, was determined based on the heat capacity measurements in magnetic fields up to 2 T. A numerical method, with the magnetic entropy change of individual (Ho_0.9Er_0.1)_1-xGd_xCo₂ compounds, was used to calculate the optimal molar composition of the constituents and the resulting change of the isothermal magnetic entropy of composite, ΔS_comp. The results show that proposed composite can be considered as a refrigerant material in magnetic refrigerators performing an Ericsson cycle in a temperature range of 90-130 K.

This paper discusses approaches and methods for obtaining highly filled polymer-ceramic materials to be used for additive manufacturing purposes. The key deliverable produced in the course of the project work was the development of polymer-ceramic materials that are suitable for extrusion processing and subsequent manufacture of products via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM).

The article presents the results of a study of the Ni-Fe system coating on a 09G2S (Fe-Mn9% Si2%) steel substrate obtained by laser surface treatment. The coating was obtained in two stages. At the first stage, a precursor coating (PC) of Nickel was applied by cold spray (CS). At the second stage, its surface was laser treatment. The article shows changes in the composition and properties of the coating after laser treatment at different thicknesses of the precursor coating and different laser treatment modes. The results of the study showed that the composition and structure of the coating can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the precursor coating, the scanning speed, the scanning hatch, and the number of repeated scans.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) nanoframes have been created in the form of structured films on a silicon substrate as well as in the bulk of biopolymers of albumin, collagen, and chitosan. Biopolymers were required to create multilayer, electrically conductive bioelectronic structures for reconstructing the layers of the heart. For this, a laser setup was used based on a pulsed fiber ytterbium laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a scanning system. Liquid dispersions of SWCNT in ethanol and aqueous dispersions of biopolymers were applied onto a substrate by layer spraying. Then they were irradiated with laser radiation. The effect of the binding of SWCNTs and their bundles to each other under the action of laser radiation on a silicon substrate is demonstrated. Using SEM and TEM, the formation of "T", "X" and "Y" shaped joints in films is demonstrated. The mechanical characteristics of structured films by laser have improved. The hardness of films with nanoframe after laser exposure increases more than 6 times compared to the original SWCNT film. The specific electrical conductivity of films with nanoframe after laser exposure increases more than 7 times. The specific electrical conductivity of nanoframe in biopolymer matrices varies in the range 0.6 - 12.4 S/m, depending on the type of biopolymer. These values exceed electrical conductivity of heart myocardium. The highest roughness is shown for the lower layer of chitosan and SWCNT, and the smallest for the upper layer of albumin and SWCNT of the bioelectronic structure. Using confocal microscopy, the possibility of the formation of a cellular structure under the action of laser radiation on an aqueous biopolymer dispersion of SWCNT has been demonstrated. The cellular structure, electrical conductivity and nanoframe from SWCNT promoted better vital functions of heart cells - cardiomyocytes.

The morphology of the relief of nanosized titanium films on the mica surface was studied using a scanning probe microscope at various scales. The characteristic features of the nanorelief of the surface of the investigated films, including fractal properties, are described. The obtained data on the fractal dimension are compared with the available experimental data, as well as the data obtained using scanning tunneling microscopy. Recommendations for the development of technology for «growing» structures with a given surface morphology are proposed.

The possibility of Ti-50.1 at.% Ni SMA processing by the equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) in core-shell mode at low deformation temperatures was studied in the present work. The ECAP was performed in steel and iron shells in a temperature range from room temperature to 350 °C. Ti-Ni samples with a diameter of 12 mm were successfully subjected to ECAP for one pass at 200 °C in iron shell with a diameter of 20 mm. Lowering of the deformation temperature both to the 100 °C and to the room temperature leads to the samples distraction during the first ECAP pass. Significant deformation hardening of the sample after one pass of the ECAP in core-shell mode at 200 °C is observed. Increase of the structure defectiveness confirmed by the noticeable broadening of forward (from 26 to 103 °C) and reverse (from 20 to 46 °C) martensitic transformations hysteresis. Values of hardness, dislocation yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength after one pass of the ECAP in core-shell mode at 200 °C equals respectively, 275 HV, 1045 and 1200 MPa, that is noticeably higher than the same properties after reference treatment (annealing at 750 °C, 30 min): 176 HV, 520 and 945 MPa.

Nanocomposites are a new type of material that differs from conventional composite materials in the size of the hardening phase. One of the most promising fillers for nanocomposites is carbon nanotubes. The paper studied structural and functional properties of polymer composite materials based on epoxy resins reinforced with carbon nanotubes. Impact resistance at high speed effects of multilayer composites, which are multilayer structures made of glass fabric and basalt fabric impregnated with polymer on the basis of epoxy resins, has been studied.

The aim of the work was to obtain and study films of porous silicate glass. The proposed method for producing porous films is based on the rapid cooling of the melt on the surface of a glass plate after exposure to short pulses of argon plasma generated on an electrodischarge installation of plasma focus type. Silicate glass films obtained by such method have the properties of both porous glasses and foam glass. The specific volume density of these films is ∼ 0.4 g/cm³, their porosity and hygroscopicity correspondingly ∼ 0.3 and ∼ 30%

The process of producing W-Cr powders by the reduction of the oxide compounds mixture Cr₂O₃-WO₃ and CaCrO₄-CaWO₄ with magnesium vapor in the temperature range 700– 800 °C at rarefaction of 5-15 kPa was studied. W-Cr powders with a specific surface area at the level of 34 m²·g⁻¹ were obtained during the reduction of mixture of CaCrO₄-CaWO₄ compounds. The resulting W-Cr powders are characterized by a mesoporous structure.

As a result of applying the oxidative constructing approach, compact samples of rutile ceramics were obtained at 875°C for 160 days. An analysis of the distribution of microhardness over the thickness of a rutile sample obtained at 875°C at different times of synthesis indicates an inhomogeneous structure of rutile ceramics, which indicates that the material is defective due to its porosity. The regularities of changes in the nature of the layering of the structure of ceramics are established depending on the portion of the kinetic curve of the direct oxidation of titanium. It is shown that the presence of a defect in the form of a gap between the layers formed during the oxidation of titanium blanks at the stage of completion of the exponential growth of the kinetic curve is due to a natural barrier – a massive rutile ceramic layer, which limits the free access of oxygen to the TiO₂/Ti interface.

The process of electrodeposition of nickel-tungsten coatings from a citrate electrolyte with an increased concentration of salts of the deposited metals has been investigated. Based on the results of studying the effect of pH, the ratio of the concentrations of nickel and tungsten salts in the electrolyte, the temperature of the electrolyte on the composition and current efficiency of the Ni-W alloy, optimal conditions have been determined that make it possible to obtain Ni-50% W coatings at a rate acceptable for industrial use. Evaluation of the properties of the coating showed that it is non-porous and has a microhardness of 600-640 HV.

The experience of RFNC–VNIIEF in application of hydride technologies in porous metals production is presented. Using metal hydrides as pore-forming agents for foaming of metal melts, as raw materials for obtaining porous samples by sintering of powder compacts and as intermediate products in processes of hydride grinding of metals for further sintering of compacts are considered.

The paper studies effects of particle size distribution on the structure and mechanical properties of monolithic samples obtained by L-PBF. A powder of 321 austenitic stainless steel of one batch was divided into three fractions 0–20, 20–40, and 0–40 μm. It was established that for narrow fractional powder composition, hardness anisotropy is observed that depends on the building direction, whereas for wide fractional powder composition, hardness anisotropy is practically absent. It was found that the particle size composition of AISI 321 steel powder does not fundamentally affect the morphology of the grain structure. Despite the general preferred orientation of the {101} planes, a weak effect of the powder composition on the crystallites orientation is observed.

The results of studies of the kinetics of high-speed spark plasma sintering (SPS) of plasma-chemical nanosized and industrial micron tungsten carbide powders are described. During SPS the carburization of the surface layer of tungsten carbide samples takes place, which leads to differences in the phase composition and hardness of the surface and central regions of sintered ceramics. The process of SPS of tungsten carbide can be sequentially represented as a change of the following mechanisms: rearrangement of particles at lower temperatures (Stage I) → sintering of particles due to grain boundary diffusion (Stage II) → sintering due to diffusion in the crystal lattice (Stage III- 1) → sintering under conditions of intensive grain growth with an abnormally low diffusion activation energy (Stage III-2).

The features of spark plasma sintering (SPS) of plasma-chemical nanopowders with an increased oxygen content are investigated. It is shown that the process of shrinkage of nanopowders during SPS is limited by the rate of grain-boundary diffusion with anomalously low values of the activation energy. It has been established that a decrease in the activation energy of SPS may be due to the effect of oxygen on the diffusion permeability of grain boundaries of tungsten carbide at the stage of intense compaction, as well as anomalous grain growth at the stage of high-temperature sintering. The SPS kinetics of WC-W₂C-WO₃-W nanopowder compositions at the stage of intensive compaction is controlled by the rate of sintering of oxide particles with their simultaneous transformation into W₂C particles, and then, at the stage of high-temperature sintering, by the process of plastic flow of W₂C particles in the presence of tungsten particles. Ceramic samples with high density (98-99%), ultrafine-grained structure (average grain size less than 0.3 μm), having increased hardness were obtained by the SPS method. H_v = 30.5 GPa at Palmquist crack resistance ∼ 6.5 MPa · m¹/².

This paper shows the effect of different modes of laser treatment on the final structure of the coating obtained by the CS method. Among the studied modes, the following were selected: the speed of movement of the laser spot, defocused or focused laser beam, continuous or pulsed mode of laser treatment. The CS coatings of systems Ni, Ni-Ti, Al have been investigated. It is shown that under pulsed and defocused modes, the resulting coatings have cracks and other types of defects. It is also shown that the microhardness of CS coatings after laser treatment with a laser beam increases: 8 times for the Al system, 3 times for the Ni-Ti system, and does not increase for the Ni system.

The temporal characteristics of the resistive switching process in parylene-based memristive devices with Cu electrodes are studied. It was found that the switching time of the structures is hundreds of nanoseconds at switching voltages less than 2 V. The median value of the estimated energy consumption does not exceed 3 nJ. Thus, it was shown that parylene-based memristors are effective in neuromorphic computing systems, including those trained by bio-inspired rules such as memristive STDP. The possibility of further reduction of the switching energies down to picojoules when the size of the memristors is reduced to 50x50 µm² (in crossbar architecture) is noted. Biocompatibility and scalability of the devices is also promising in the creation of energy-efficient wearable systems. The obtained results can be useful for further study of parylene-based memristors, in particular, for developing models of their performance.

The article presents the results of the creation of an additional attachment placed on the "Plasma Focus" installation (PF), and designed for uniform movement of superconducting tapes through the working chamber of PF. This device allows step-by-step shock-wave impact at the long superconducting samples and tapes in the "Plasma Focus" installation in order to increase their superconducting and technological characteristics. The worth of this device that the process of irradiation of the tapes can be carried out without interrupting and completely turning the plasma installation off, which is usually necessary to displace the tape and make the strike to the next section of the tape. The use of attachment also allows to get an additional data integrated over the length of the processed tape and to study the effect of plasma shock-wave action to the physical and structural properties of tapes. The experiments carried out will make it possible to select and test the optimal plasma strike models and recommend further conditions of shock-wave treatment, which would make it possible to use this method for long tapes with the aim of using them in various devices.

The production of polymer-ceramic materials with high technological and mechanical properties requires the development of effective binders. The article considers the influence of modifiers on the curing process of polymethylsiloxane resin. It is shown that the introduction of modifiers helps to reduce the viscosity of the resin, and in the presence of a hardener, it makes it possible to obtain a binder with a low viscosity and an acceptable gelation time. Polymer-ceramic material based on the developed binder and nanoscale plasma-chemical Al₂O₃ powder has high mechanical properties, reduced shrinkage and porosity.

Previously proposed method for calculating the superconducting transition temperature (T_c) of the different substances was used to predict T_c of magnesium compounds. Theoretical calculations show the good agreement with experimental results for MgB₂, the only magnesium compound with experimentally proved T_c = 39 K (theoretical value is 40.5 K). The performed computations for binary compounds Mg₂X (X: Ge, Sn, Pb) reveal the high potential of magnesium compounds as high-temperature conductors at normal pressure, with predicted superconducting transition temperature up to 70 K.

Thin films of Pd-23% Ag modified with nanostructured highly dispersed palladium by the method of electrolytic deposition have been obtained by magnetron sputtering. Electrochemical studies have demonstrated that the modified Pd-23% Ag film shows a high peak current (up to 2.15 µA cm⁻²) and excellent electrocatalytic activity in relation to the methanol oxidation reaction. The stability of the developed modified film is confirmed by the results of multi-scanning. Comparison of the hydrogen permeability has been demonstrated a significant increase in the hydrogen permeability of the modified membrane compared to the smooth one at an overpressure of 0.3 MPa. According to the approximation of the results obtained by a first-order line and calculations of the activation energy, which was 30.6 kJ mol⁻¹, it can be concluded that the transport of hydrogen is limited by surface effects, namely chemisorption.

The multicomponent Sm_0.2(Tb,Y)_0.8Fe₂ system was obtained by the arc melting method, in which atoms with a high magnetic moment of terbium are replaced by yttrium atoms that do not carry a noticeable magnetic moment. In this system, varying not only the composition, but also external factors (temperature, magnetic field, etc.), it is possible to influence competing exchange interactions and observe a number of unique phenomena, such as, for example, the phenomenon of magnetic compensation. Using the method of high-temperature and low-temperature X-ray diffraction, the phase composition and atomic-crystalline structure of the Sm_0.2(Tb_1-xY_x)_0.8Fe₂ alloys (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) were studied. The temperature dependences of the unit cell parameters were obtained in a wide temperature range from 80 to 700 K. Thermal expansion was investigated by strain-gauge method. The temperatures of magnetostructural phase transitions are determined, and a magnetic phase diagram is constructed.

Investigations of plastic deformation of fine-grained ceramics based on alumina obtained by the method of spark plasma sintering in the temperature range of 1150-1320 ° C at an applied stress of 40-100 MPa are presented. Based on the experimental data, the parameters of rheological equations were established. It is shown that the mechanism of high-temperature deformation of alumina is superplasticity. In the process of plastic deformation, the grains of alumina do not stretch, which confirms the mechanism of superplasticity - grain boundary sliding. The activation energy for superplastic deformation was Q = 17.8 kT_m at d = 6 μm and Q = 24.6 kT_m at d = 1 μ m, which is very close to the activation energy of grain boundary diffusion in aluminum oxide Q_b = 20 kT_m. For a coarse-grained material, an assumption was made about a possible mechanism for lowering the activation energy due to the generation of dislocations by the grain boundary.

The application of electrothermal and magnetron sputtering methods for manufacturing thin films containing palladium and silver is investigated. In the process of electrothermal sputtering, indirect heating of the evaporated material was used in a tungsten and tantalum boat, through which a current has been conducted and a direct heating of a thin plate of palladium alloy has been entailed by current. A composite target for magnetron sputtering of alloys using silver and palladium plates with different ratios of their areas has been developed. The dependence of the film composition on the target composition is determined. As a result of sputtering for 40 min, a sample with a thickness of 1.1 microns and a silver content of 23.2±0.7% was obtained from a target with an area ratio S(Ag)/S(Pd) = 20.8/79.2.

In the present paper, features and problems of non-destructive testing (NDT) of composite materials with big inside quantity of pores have been discussed. Solutions for issues of NDT of this materials have been proposed.

Laser welding is an alternative method of biological tissues joining. One of the actual tasks of laser welding of biological tissues is to determine the weld depth by a noninvasive method during surgery. The paper presents a model for calculating the duration of the formation of welds depending on the density of laser radiation power and the depth of the joint. The calculations were performed for the laser beam diameter d = 1.1 mm, power density in the range from 10 to 25 W cm¹, weld formation depth l in the range from 0.2 to 1 mm and solders based on aqueous dispersions of bovine serum albumin, indocyanin green and single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Laser radiation makes it possible to form a composite material with laser radiation, which is intended for use as cellular- and tissue-engineering structures. It is important to obtain a uniform distribution of components throughout the volume of such material. Intermolecular interactions between chitosan and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) affect the structure of the composite. The results of IR spectroscopy and nonlinear optical studies have shown that the effect of laser radiation has different effects on the two types of chitosan, which was clearly demonstrated by SEM studies. Upon detailed examination, agglomerates in the composite material are clearly visible. Chitosan succinate less prevents the formation of agglomerates from SWCNTs, as a result of which a high agglomeration of nanotubes occurs among themselves in the composite material. The corresponding formations are distinguishable in the SEM images.

Thin materials exhibiting the shape memory effect, with a narrow temperature hysteresis, are required to create miniature and high-speed devices. Quasi-binary intermetallic TiNi-TiCu alloys with high copper contents (more than 10 at %) demonstrate the reversible martensitic transformation with a small (4-6 K) hysteresis. Alloys of the TiNi–TiCu system with a copper content of 30–40 at.% were fabricated in an amorphous state by the planar flow casting technique at a melt cooling rate of 10⁶ K/s in the form of ribbons 30–50 μm thick. The alloy samples were subjected to dynamic crystallization using a single electric current pulse with duration of 5 ms. X-ray diffraction studies revealed almost fully martensitic state of the alloys with B19 structure at room temperature. TEM examination showed their structure to contain typical B19-martensite plates with a mean size of 20–80 nm. At the same time, the alloys exhibit a one-stage phase martensitic transformation B2↔B19 in the temperature range of (55÷75)°C, as well as pronounced shape memory effect, whose properties are largely determined by the structural parameters of the alloys.

The work is devoted to the study of the processes of formation of multilayer nanostructures, their vacuum deposition, and the manufacture of a novel functional element of spintronics - superconducting spin valve, which is a multilayer structure consisting of ferromagnetic cobalt nanolayers separated by superconductor niobium films. Multilayer nanostructures are fabricated by magnetron sputtering on (111) silicon substrates at a temperature of 300K. The prototypes of the superconducting spin valve are prepared from multilayer nanostructures by the method of sharp focus reactive ion etching (FIB). Modeling was carried out using molecular dynamics methods.

The wide application of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets in addition to the rare-earth metal resource constrains determine the necessity of their recycling. One of approaches to magnet-to-magnet recycling consists in using the grain boundary modification of sintered magnet material, which includes the grain-boundary diffusion (GBD) and grain-boundary structuring (GBS). The preparation of magnets with the modified structure determines a need for research their corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of magnets prepared by powder blending techniques, namely, magnets, which were recycled from hard-disk drivers, in using Dy/NdH₂ additions in the powder mixture and magnets, which were prepared from strip-casting alloy, in using TbH2 hydride in the powder mixture, is studied. The corrosion potential and polarization resistance were measured, and the average corrosion rate was estimated based on polarization measurements of the magnet samples in the aqueous solution 0.1 M NaCl. Furthermore, a pitting resistance corrosion test was conducted and the values of pitting and repassivation potential were determined. The corrosive properties of the magnet samples are discussed from the viewpoint of the phase compositions of the material.

The researches of State Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds (GNIIChTEOS) have developed continuous carbide and oxide fibers based on organoelement poly(oligo)mers synthesized in GNIIChTEOS, which can be used to prepare principally new ceramic composites for structural and functional purposes.

Coatings were obtained by magnetron sputtering of a Ta-Si target onto Al2O3, Mo, Si and Ni-based substrates. Samples were studied in terms of their structure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance by SEM, EDS, nanoindentation and GDOES methods. It was found that an increase in the concentration of nitrogen leads to an increase in the hardness of coatings by 60%. The behavior of coatings and various types of substrates during annealing at a temperature of 1000-1200 ˚C.

We have studied the effect of the arc-melting, melt-spinning, annealing, nitriding and doping with cerium on the structure and magnetic hysteresis properties at room temperature of alloys based on the compound (Nd_0.8Zr_0.2)(Fe_0.75Co_0.25)_11.3Ti_0.35V_0.35 with the ThMn₁₂-type. We found that the optimal magnetic hysteresis properties were obtained for (Nd_0.8Ce_0.2Zr_0.2)(Fe_0.75Co_0.25)_11.3Ti_0.35V_0.35 after combinated treatment that consists in melt-spinning, annealing, and nitriding.

The features of the deformation of austenitic-martensitic thin-sheet TRIP steel under static and fatigue loading with varying parameters of the breaking rate as well as the maximum cycle stress under cyclic loading were studied. The ten-fold increase in the tensile rate led to the decrease in the ultimate strength by ≈ 6% and the relative elongation δ from 32% to 21%, which is due to a decrease in the intensity of the formation of deformation martensite. The nature of hardening during deformation of steel under static and repeated tension is almost the same. The effect of the greatest TRIP - strengthening under loading to the yield-point stress level and physical fatigue limit were found. Preliminary fatigue loading up to σ_max = 1550 MPa with N = 3000 led to the increase in the yield strength and ultimate strength by ≈200 MPa and ≈100 MPa, respectively; the relative elongation decreased by a factor of 2.