Table of contents

Preface

Indonesian education system demands changes due to the dynamic challenges in human resources as the effect of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. As a result, the curriculum set into contemporary literacies: Data Literacy comprises the ability to read and analyze, Technology Literacy includes the ability to apply technology, and Human Literacy aims at creating humanists who can communicate well. This new education system requires professionals who create innovation based on research information. This notion calls for a new perspective converting challenges into opportunities. Thus, the Mathematics Education Department of IKIP Siliwangi and the Indonesian Mathematics Educator Society (I-MES) invite researchers, practitioners, and educators to participate in and contribute to The 2nd International Seminar on Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education (ISAMME) 2020 under the theme "Issues and Challenges for Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education in Digital Era."

This seminar has objectives to expand mathematics contribution to society, improve mathematics teaching, and solve mathematics problems. It was carried out online through the Zoom application with a capacity of 1000 people. The Zoom application is also equipped with a Zoom breakout feature to support the implementation of contribution and streaming sessions on Youtube.

List of photos are available in the pdf.

List of Organizing Committee, Steering Committee, Advisory Editorial Board, Scientific and Reviewer Committee are available in the pdf.

This research is motivated by a change in learning methods that were initially face-to-face to online learning that resulted from the COVOD-19 outbreak. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mathematical resilience of elementary school students during learning during the COVOD-19 pandemic. The method used in this research is descriptive method with 36 elementary school students as subjects in one of the primary schools in Majalengka district, West Java, Indonesia. The results of this study, mathematics resilience of elementary school students is in the medium category. The findings related to mathematics resilience of elementary school students namely resilience is not only influenced by the complexity of the material and changes in learning methods. However other factors such as the packaging of learning by the teacher, the media used by the teacher, and the communication used by the teacher also affect the mathematics resilience of elementary school students.

A teacher should have a good teaching skill for making a better generation later. Based on researcher questionnaire before this research, teacher in school still haven't teach a real concept to their students. Therefore, to prevent this phenomenon they need a good teaching strategy. Logical thinking skills and adversity quotient are the important things that they need to make the strategy. The aim of this research is to analyse prospective primary school teachers' logical thinking skills and adversity quotient. In order to do so, we set up a qualitative descriptive method with 40 students as participant. Test of logical thinking skills about mathematics, questionnaire and interview given to them. The results showed that there are 15% of climber category, 72.5% of camper category and 12.5% of quitter category. The logical thinking skills of the students following their adversity quotient, the students that in climber category have a very good logical thinking skills, in camper category have good logical thinking skills, and in quitter category have a bad logical thinking skill. Based on the results, we concluded that prospective primary school teachers still in camper category and have a good logical thinking skill.

This study aims to determine students' mathematical representation abilities. The research uses descriptive qualitative method. This ability is addressed after the students have answered five validated mathematical representation problems. The research subjects are 35 students of class VIII in one of State Junior High Schools in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The state junior high school is included in the medium level category according to the achievement of the National Final Examination score. The results of this study indicate that students still have difficulty in drawing the graph to solve Two-Variable Linear Equations, students have difficulty in making equations or mathematical expression and students have difficulty in solving and drawing conclusion from the problems of Two-Variable Linear Equation System in text.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between students' Self Regulated Learning (SRL) and Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability (MCTA). A quasi experimental was applied in this research. The sample consisted of 173 eighth grade students taken from high and medium level schools in Indramayu, West Java province, Indonesia. The sample was divided into three groups with three different learning models. One group used the 5E Learning Cycle model with metacognitive techniques (LCM), and the other two groups each used the 5E Learning Cycle (LC) and Conventional Learning (CL) models. The data were collected through test of MCTA and SRL scale. The results of the study concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between SRL and MCTA. There is a strong correlation between students' SRL and MCTA in group with the LCM model, meanwhile in groups, with LC and CL model the correlation in the medium level.

Based on students' geometry knowledge, there are contrast and less relevant skills goals being prepared for the students. Students are more dominant in learning how to apply procedural knowledge so there is a need for students to use the Pythagorean theorem when facing a triangle properties problem. Therefore, this case study aims to analyze how students' conceptual knowledge depends on the Pythagorean theorem. The analysis uses a cognitive diagnostic assessment framework through the three parallel design of abstraction problem. This study was conducted for students at the senior high school. The findings are the Pythagorean theorem as a result of thinking abstraction at least two of the three design problem formations, including for the effect of claims and metacognitive knowledge them. There is a disconnected conceptual system between the products of thought and the claims elicited so that abstraction is not optimal. Development for in-depth understanding of conceptual experience is needed in the instructional intervention so that more adequate reasoning.

This study aims to determine the effect of the STEM approach on mathematics literacy abilities of elementary school teacher education students. The method used in this research is pre-experimental with One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design with a population of semester 2 PGSD students with a total of 188 students. The sample in this study was 50 students. The instruments used include: mathematics literacy ability tests, interviews, and observation instruments. The results showed that: 1) there was an effect of the STEM approach on the mathematics literacy ability of elementary school teacher education students; 2) to further optimize learning it must be prepared more thoroughly and planned, 3) the role of educators or lecturers in applying models or approaches must be adapted to the demands of 21st-century skills.

This research is motivated by the low ability of students' understanding of concepts in learning mathematics multiplication material. Mathematics learning requires a learning approach that can make students active and student-centered. If mathematics learning is not student-centered, it will lead to boredom which will ultimately make learning unattractive. Therefore, the researcher chose the constructivism approach to improve student learning activities and understanding students' concepts. This study uses classroom action research and was conducted at SDIT Altaftazani. The results of this study, it appears that student learning activities increase. Students become more active in learning, besides that formative test results also show a good level of student understanding of 35.7% is very good, 35.7% is good and 17.8% is sufficient and only 10.8% is still lacking.

The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between education, value, culture and the character of learning outcomes after online learning. The research methods used are correlational. The population taken is the entire student of the Mathematics Education Study Program IKIP Siliwangi 2018 which takes courses of Linear Program. Sample research was taken with the Purposive Sampling technique as many as 39 students. The instrument used is the test instrument of the study results of linear courses and non-test instruments to view the education response value, culture and character (EVCC) with a scale Likert as many as 30 statements. Stages of data analysis through test normality, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis and coefficient of determination. The results showed that education, value, culture and character significantly influenced the student mathematics achievement of the Linear Program, with its contribution of 13.6%, while the remaining student learning outcomes were influenced by other factors during online.

Plane geometry is one of the topics taught in middle school that is difficult to understand. Mostly, teachers use the traditional teaching method when explaining this concept which is why most students only memorize the formula for plane geometry without knowing how the formula is formed. These factors affect students' reasoning ability. According to the information above, there are two main purposes of this research. The first purpose is to know how significant is the effect of Hawgent dynamic mathematics software on primary school students' reasoning ability and the second purpose is to compare primary school students' reasoning ability between the experimental and controlled classes. The sample of this research is 30 5th grade students in one of the primary schools in Cimahi city, Indonesia in the year of 2019/2020. The data collection will be done by using the pre-test and post-test to compare the primary school students' reasoning ability in the experimental and controlled class. The data will be processed by using SPPS 16 and Microsoft excel. The result of this research is that there is an effect in students' reasoning when using Hawgent dynamic mathematics software as a learning media and comparing the reasoning ability of the controlled and experimental class on the topic of plane geometry.

This research is motivated by the low student mathematical resilience. The purpose of this study is to look at the achievement of mathematical resilience of students who obtain learning using Microsoft Excel VBA with those using conventional learning. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent pretest and posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were 70 second semester elementary school teacher candidates at IKIP Siliwangi. The instruments in this study used non-tests in the form of questionnaires and interviews. The results show that, 1) the achievement of mathematical resilience of students who get learning using Microsoft Excel VBA is better than those using conventional learning; 2) students who learn with Microsoft Excel VBA tend to be able to overcome difficulties if given difficult math problems, anxiety and fear in working on math problems are reduced, and more confident in expressing mathematical opinions/ideas; 3) mathematical resilience is not an instant thing to change so it needs environmental support so that students' mathematical resilience becomes better.

Covid-19 Pandemic has changed all sectors, one of which is the system in education. Teachers and students are required to learn from home through online learning, it affects the mathematical resilience of students. This research is motivated by the number of findings of decreased student resilience in learning mathematics. The purpose of this study is to examine: (1) Steps of online learning by teachers (2) Mathematical resilience of students during online learning (3) students responses for online learning. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative, the sample selected as many as 4 teachers and 6 students with high, medium and low abilities in one junior high school in Cimahi. Data collection techniques used questionnaires for students to study students 'mathematical resilience during online learning, interviews to examine students' responses to online learning, and interviews and observations with teachers to analyze the steps of online learning that were carried out. The results of the study show: 1) The online learning process begins with handouts through Google Classroom, followed by an explanation of the material using a zoom meeting and assignments through the Google Classroom (2) Student resilience of mathematics is high during online learning. (3) students give positive responses for online learning.

The purpose of this survey is to examine attainment of student's mathematical critical thinking skill (MCTS) and mathematical self confidence (MSC) according to its cognitive stage. The survey concerns with 36 eighth grade students', test of logical thinking (TOLT), an essay MCTS test, and a MSC scale. Analysis data of this survey are computation on percentage and testing existancy of association between MCTS and MSC, and analysis rational on other findings. By using TOLT, survey invented some interesting findings among other were: a) 11 % at formal stage, 53% at transition stage, and 36 % at concrete stage; b) The survey detected that mathematical critical skill on formal stage students obtained higher grade than transition stage students and the transition stage students obtained higher grade than the grade of concrete stage students. The survey detected that Mathematical self confidence on formal stage student and transition stages have high mathematical self-confidence compared to students who are still in the concrete stage; c) There is a association between mathematical critical thinking skills with self confidence.

This research is motivated by thinking skills and awareness of the importance of mathematics needs to be taught and trained to students from an early age because in daily life many things are related to thinking skills and awareness of the importance of mathematics in everyday life. The purpose of this study is to analyze mathematical thinking skills from the perspective of multiple intelligences of elementary school students. This research uses a qualitative approach and uses descriptive qualitative methods. The population in this study was Grade V Elementary School Students in Cimahi City, while the sample consisted of 20 students. The instrument used consisted of multiple intelligences tests in the form of a questionnaire logical-mathematical, intrapersonal, and interpersonal logic intelligence. The results showed that the intelligence of logical-mathematical and intrapersonal based on multiple intelligences of elementary school students in Cimahi in 2020 each was in the medium category. While interpersonal intelligence is in between medium and low categories.

The adversity question is one of the success factors in learning mathematics. This research is motivated by the low adversity question of students. The purpose of this research is to describe the picture of student adversity in making scratch-assisted mathematics applications. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. Subjects studied were 107 prospective teachers of semester 2 elementary school in one of the private tertiary institutions in Cimahi City. The instruments in this study used non-tests in the form of questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that the majority of prospective elementary school teacher students were still in the camper category. Adversity question of students in making scratch-assisted mathematics applications needs to be improved. This is because there are still many students difficulties in making algorithms around logical thinking, determining ideas for later application in mathematical application concepts. Students must go deeper into mathematical concepts and have to learn more about adversity quotient because students will need them when they are already working.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of student learning styles on the ability to think critically mathematically in solving trigonometric problems. The target population for this ex post facto study is 27 students of class X MIPA at MAN 1 Sumedang school. The results showed that there was no influence of learning styles on students' mathematical critical thinking abilities.in this study. There is no difference in the ability to think critically mathematically between students who have a visual learning style with auditory, visual with kinesthetic, and auditory with kinesthetic. This finding has implications for teachers. Teachers need to focus attentively on strategies that target students with visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. By gaining a better understanding of student learning style groups, it is possible that strategies, methods, approaches, and teaching techniques that can be used to assist in the development of mathematical critical thinking skills and other important abilities can be identified and improved.

The learning environment by relying on lectures and practice in class causes students to have a tendency to forget so that it can cause a lack of understanding ability, in fact, the understanding ability is a learning challenge to face the needs of the industrial revolution 4.0. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the achievement and improvement of understanding of students who learn with Camtasia-assisted learning videos are better than students who learn by not using learning videos. The method used is a quasi-experiment and the design used is a non-equivalent control group design. Samples were taken two classes purposively. The selected research sample consisted of two classes, 32 students from the experimental class and 48 students from the control class. The research instrument used was a comprehension ability test. The results of the study found are the achievement and improvement of understanding of students who learn with Camtasia-assisted learning videos better than students who learn by not using learning videos.

This study aims to examine the effect of the mathematical disposition of junior high school students on mathematical critical thinking skills. A quantitative approach with a correlational method used by researchers to examine both variables. Subjects were taken randomly in class. The subjects in this study were 32 students of class VIII in one of the Bandung junior high schools. The results of the study show that the mathematical disposition of junior high school students has a positive influence on mathematical critical thinking skills. Students with a positive disposition toward mathematical learning could interpret and not hesitate to express ideas. More than fifty percent of students who have a positive disposition were able to interpret and analyze the mathematical problem given. The teaching and learning process in this research is limited to circle material in junior high school and eighth grade in one of the junior high schools in Bandung city. There are still many other tendencies besides mathematical disposition, which enable students to have good critical thinking abilities, which affect student learning outcomes, one of that is students who have mathematical abilities that have been held since elementary school. This study shows that there was an influence of students 'mathematical disposition on their ability to think critically so that to improve students' critical thinking abilities, positive disposition abilities should be built. The ability to interpret and analyze students develop in line with passion and serious attention in learning, self-confidence, curiosity, and the courage to share opinions.

The purpose of this study was to obtain a picture of mathematics learning habits for deaf students. The subjects in this study were 99 deaf students taken purposively in across 4 schools, including, SLB B Karya Murni Ruteng, SMPLBN Semarang, SLB B Don Bosco Wonosobo, and SLB B Denaupakara Wonosobo. The research involved a quantitative and qualitative research design where the quantitative data was taken from a set of questionnaires that included a commitment attitude questionnaire, a disciplinary attitude questionnaire and a commitment attitude questionnaire in learning mathematics; meanwhile, a qualitative data was gained through the observation of learning activities at their schools and at their boarding house. The results of the analysis showed that students' consistent attitude, disciplined attitude, and attitude of commitment in learning mathematics were in a good category; therefore, we assumed that deaf students maintained good habits in learning mathematics. By having these good study habits, they were expected to acquire basic skills related to basic arithmetic operations that will be applied in life skills such as sewing, making patterns, carpentry, and automotive. Also, good study habits might improve their cognitive skills that impacted their study result and learning achievements that in turn enable them to reach their goals.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the achievement, improvement, and achievement of indicators of mathematical representation ability between students who obtain a project-based learning model assisted by GeoGebra and students who get a project-based learning model. The research method used in this study is quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent comparison group design. The subjects in this study were students of the Department of Mathematics Education in the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019 at Universitas Suryakancana. The research instrument used was a mathematical representation ability test and the Group Embedded Numbers Test (GEFT). Analysis of the data used is the normality test, the Mann Whitney test, and the percentage of achievement indicators. As a result, the achievement and improvement of the mathematical representation ability of students who obtained a project-based learning model assisted by GeoGebra were better than students who obtained a project-based learning model, the achievement of the mathematical representation ability of students in the experimental group were good categorized, the control group was categorized sufficiently, the experimental group with field-independent and field-dependent cognitive style were categorized as good, the control group with field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles was considered sufficient.

This research is a Classroom Action Research that aims to improve students' mathematical communication skills through a probing-prompting learning model based on Belu culture artefact. The research subjects were all students of class VIII-A at Atambua State Junior High School 2 with totaling 39 students. The research was conducted in two cycles, that each cycle consists of two lessons in topic cube and cuboid. Data were collected using observation, test, and documentation techniques. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results show that the students' mathematical communication skills increase from the first cycle to the second cycle after applying a probing-prompting learning model based on Belu culture artefacts. It is indicated by as much as 72.22% of students experiencing an increase in the total score of aspects of mathematical communication skills. Also, the implementation of learning reached 83.33% in the excellent category. Based on the observation results, students' mathematical communication skills increase from 74,13% (good category) on the first cycle to 85.68% (good category) on the second cycle. It can be concluded that the application of probing-prompting based on Belu culture artefacts can improve students' mathematical communication skills.

The development of ethnomathematics is an indication of an increase in awareness of the importance of learning mathematics in culture and involves cultural aspects in mathematics learning in schools. As one of the ancient tribes in Timor, Boti Tribe is almost unapproachable by the modern culture. Learning mathematics based on Boti culture will help students learn mathematics realistically and also introduce Boti culture to more people. The present research claims a qualitative approach with an ethnographic design that aims to explore the mathematical elements found in the culture of Boti Tribe. The subject of this research is the Boti Dalam Tribe, which implements Boti cultural traditions in everyday life. The objects examined in this study are the calendar of Boti Tribe, lopo, and the typical woven fabric of Boti Tribe. The results show that the concepts of numbers and their operations, geometry, and algebra are apparent in the culture of Boti Tribe. Also, mathematical skills such as representation, spatial, making connections, and problem-solving skills can be developed based on mathematical elements in Boti Tribe culture. This study can be used by teachers to create innovative mathematics learning models using ethnomathematics approaches based on Boti culture.

The results from the Program International Student Assessment in 2018 placed Indonesia at number 74 out of 79 countries, It shows low student ability in Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). One of Them is caused low competence of teachers in applying HOTS in the subject. Therefore, we need a method to improve teacher competency. One method used is to optimize training HOTS development in the Subject Teacher Forum or called MGMP using the Realistic Mathematics Education approach. This research includes preliminary, prototype, and field tests. This research is on high school mathematics teachers in East OKU Regency. Analysis of this research data using a walkthrough, documents, and tests. The results of this study prove the increase in teacher competence in generating valid HOTS questions. Valid is when all validators said HOTS problems that are generated both in content and construct, practical (questions used for student learning, easy to read, do not attract diverse interpretations, and can be given to all students). Also, research has the potential for student learning outcomes with an average value of 70.16 student abilities. This research also improvement of student learning activities, as seen from the results of the analysis of activities students that are 3,09.

The purpose of this research was to determine the improvement of student's mathematical representation skills and student's attitudes towards learning using SAVI learning assisted by GeoGebra. This research is a quasi-experimental research with the object of research of students of SMP Negeri 3 Cianjur. Students in class VIII-5 will be the experimental class and students in class VIII-7 will be the control class. The method used in this study is quasi-experimental research methods with non-randomized control group pretest - post-test design. Data processing will be executed with the normality test, Mann Whitney test, and the percentage of achievement indicators. Based on the results of data processing and interpretation, it is shown that SAVI learning assisted by GeoGebra better than ordinary learning in improving student's mathematical representation skills. Then the attitude of students towards SAVI learning assisted by GeoGebra is generally positive.

Technology plays a significant role in the process of teaching and learning mathematics in the COVID-19 pandemic. Moodle is software with an open-source system e-learning platform designed to help educators to create quality for resources and communication tools online courses in learning mathematics. The objects of the research are to know the teachers' need analysis about e-learning like Moodle, the framework features of the Moodle as e-learning learning for learning mathematics in the COVID-19 pandemic and get the best features of the Moodle. The research methodology used a qualitative descriptive approach. The collecting data used questionnaires for the mathematics teachers in one of the schools. The research subjects were fourth-grade teachers consist of eight teachers as mathematics teachers from three private schools in Indonesia. The result of this research was the teachers need e-learning like Moodle in teaching and learning mathematics, the features of Moodle for learning mathematics was different with another Moodle, and the teachers believed the Moodle could facilitate them in teaching and learning mathematics in COVID-19 pandemic.

This research aimed to calculate the increase of students' mathematics critical thinking ability in Senior High School who taught with Flip-Problem Based Learning based on LMS-Google Classroom. This research is quasi-experiment research used pre-test post-test control group design research. Sample in this research is 60 students divided into two research groups, 30 students in the experiment group (taught with Flip-Problem Based Learning) and 30 students in the control group (taught with Problem-Based Learning). The homogeneity test and normality data test used Levenes' test and Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The result of the homogeneity test and normality data test is homogenous and distributed normally. Based on the result of the homogeneity test and normality data test, hence the hypothesis research test used Independent Sample T-Test. The test result showed that mathematical critical thinking ability for students' Senior High School who taught with Flip-Problem Based Learning based on LMS-Google Classroom. The result proved that the mathematics learning process of Flip-Problem Based Learning has a positive and significant effect on students' mathematics critical thinking ability. Based on this research result, Flip-Problem Based Learning was recommended to be applied in mathematics learning. LMS-Google Classroom can also be one of the solutions in mathematics learning based on digital.

The direct proportion and social arithmetic are difficult topics for students. The difficulty on the topic of direct proportion is that students make mistakes in adjusting the application of direct proportions. The difficulty of social arithmetic is a mistake in determining the conditions of profit, loss, or break even. Project-based learning is an innovation for teachers and can improve students' thinking abilities. The characteristics of the project involve some topics. Teachers are expected to work together to create learning according to expectations by implementing a lesson study system. Project-based learning that takes a long time can be overcome by using Edmodo because they can do learning without space and time limits. This research aims to determine the role of the learning trajectory in project-based learning "trade in school cooperation". This study uses a design research method of validation studies type in seventh grade students of junior high school in Palembang. The results are the role of project-based learning in resolving direct proportions and social arithmetic through learning trajectory such as students getting more training in problem-solving procedures, better understanding the relationship of numbers proportions, and to achieve understanding in decisions of profit, loss, and breakeven situations.

This research aims to explore and describe the ethnomathematics on activities of the tobacco farmers' community at Jember. The discourse that explained ethnomathematics could be related to tobacco's farmer activities at Jember East Java, Indonesia. Jember was one of the largest tobacco-producing districts in East Java, Indonesia. These plants were grown for generations by some residents at Jember, East Java, Indonesia. The tobacco farming heritages had caused this district is known as the city of tobacco so that the government of Jember made tobacco motifs as batik of Jember. Besides, the dance Jember named Lambaco also be created as an appreciation for the existence of tobacco. This research uses qualitative research, while the approach used is Ethnographic. The data collected by observation and interview involved several farmers. Based on result and discussion, we can conclude that on tobacco farmer community in Jember, there are many activities; giving a unit of land, seeding, transplanting and cultivating, harvesting, curing, and trading involved ethnomathematics activities such as: using of non-standard units, arithmetic concept (computing, addition, multiplication, subtraction), geometrical concept, especially of rectangular shape, triangular shape, perpendicular line, 3-D shape, proportional and relational concept, statistics (estimating)

This research is motivated by the need of solving mathematical problem ability and fact that Indonesian students have a low score of solving mathematical problem ability in junior high school. The aims of this research are intended to examine the application of learning by using inquiry models with everyone is a teacher strategy towards achievement and improvement of solving mathematical problem ability of junior high school students. The method used in this research is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent experimental design. The population of this research is students of grade eight from one of junior high school in Bandung period 2016/2017. This research's taken two classes from grades eight, randomly. One class as an experimental class that got learning by using an inquiry model with EITH strategy and one class as a control class that got conventional learning. The result of this research, shown: (1) achievement of solving mathematical problem ability of students who gain learning by using inquiry model with EITH strategy is better than students who gain conventional learning (2) learning mathematic by using inquiry model With EITH strategy be able to improve students' ability to solve mathematical problem (3) generally, students that got math's learning by using inquiry models with everyone is a teacher here (EITH) strategy has given positive responses to this learning.

Student activity in learning is essential so that learning objectives can be achieved. This study aims to describe the activeness of students in the application of Jigsaw cooperative learning and Rank 1 games on the topic of sets. This research was conducted at Universitas Negeri Malang school year of 2019/2020. The method used is quantitative descriptive. In this study applied Jigsaw type cooperative learning and Rank 1 games. At the same time, the research subjects were the 5th-semester students who were taking the Social Mathematics course, in the topic of mathematical sets, Undergraduate Mathematics Education Program of Universitas Negeri Malang year 2017 with a total of 30 students. Based on the analysis results of students' activeness observation, an average percentage of 91.83% was obtained. It shows that the students' activeness in the Social Mathematics course, especially on the topic of sets, was categorized as excellent.

Playing dakon has become a culture in Bengkulu. Since I was in kindergarten, dakon has been a fun game. It has the character of sharing fruit in each dakon convex (or hole). It becomes the starting-point of learning multiplication and division. The purpose of this study was to determine students' thought processes in understanding the principle of multiplication and the division of integers through the cultural approach to playing the dakon. To achieve the goal, achieved through qualitative-explorative research. The subjects of this study were elementary students in Bengkulu City who were selected based on assignments. It was selected from 30 students who were given assignments about multiplication and division of integers. Students are given instructions using worksheets. After students submit their assignments, they are analyzed to select 2 students who have the thought process in achieving the principle of division and multiplication appropriately. Subjects were interviewed in-depth by researchers. Data were analyzed based on the genetic decomposition of research subjects. The results of this study are the Subject-1 can use the dakon to show the multiplicative properties of positive integers. He demonstrated that 4x3 by inserting it into four small dakon curves and three dakon seeds each. She concluded that multiplication is a repeated sum. Subject-2 uses the dakon to find the concept of dividing two positive integers. Subject-2 shows that 12: 4 by taking dakon seeds from a large curvature containing twelve seeds. She concluded that the division is a repeat reduction. This research concludes that Subject-1 and Subject-2 can build an understanding of operations multiplication and division, including verbal communication, writing, and drawing based on real media from local culture, namely the dakon game.

This study aims to understand the responses of students with special needs to learn mathematics during pandemic Covid-19 in inclusive schools. The method of research is descriptive qualitative. The subject of this study were three students with special needs in class X in the inclusive school SMA N 1 Sukabumi, those are a student with visual impairment, a student with physical disabilities, and a student with mental retardation. The results showed that students were enthusiastic about learning online, and were good enough in the timeliness of collection the task also the accuracy of the content. However, enthusiasm, timeliness, and accuracy of content decreased over time, because it lacks direct interaction and innovation of media online learning.

This study is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative research with library research that attempts to describe project-based learning in mathematics learning. In this literature study research the author uses various written sources such as articles, journals and documents that are relevant to the study in this study. This study focuses on the characteristics of project-based learning, steps of project-based learning, and examples of project-based learning assessments, Differences in Project-Based Learning Emphasis and Traditional Learning, Examples of the application of project-based learning in mathematics. The next research that is interesting to be developed as research is project-based learning in increasing High Order Mathematical Thinking (HOTs).

Learning geometry is one that students fear. They have difficulty understanding the concepts of geometry. Students experience problems with Lobachevsky's axiom alignment, as well as Riemann's axiom alignment. Therefore, we need learning that makes it easy for students to imagine these axioms more concrete, although geometry cannot always be carried in a concrete world. The purpose of this study is to describe students' cognitive processes in understanding the properties of triangles in Riemann Geometry through local content. This is a part of development research. We conducted a needs analysis of the ability of students to understand new concepts in geometry. The subject of this research was chosen from students of mathematics education at one of the tertiary institutions in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Subjects were interviewed in-depth through task-based interviews. His job is to solve the problem of the properties of triangles in Riemann Geometry. Interview data were analyzed through genetic decomposition analysis. The results of this study were subjects able to analyze the interrelationship between concepts, axioms, and basic properties of geometry through orange peel media. He can attribute and organize. The attributes are obtained from three segments that meet at the ends. Subjects can organize the elements of the triangle so that the nature of a large number of angles in the triangle is more than 180. The conclusions of this study are the subjects can achieve the cognitive process of analysis, and can arrange the correct population.

The focus of this study is the mathematical literacy in the change and relationships section of the algebra and its use, which is called algebraic literacy. This study aims to obtain a description of algebraic literacy skills of VII grade students, it is analysed based on the mathematical literacy levels and indicators. This study is descriptive qualitative. The participants included 72 students from three secondary schools in Bandung. The data were collected using a test and interview. Based on the analysis, the students' algebraic literacy skills are found to be low, at levels 1, 5, and 6, due to the lack of understanding of the relationship between arithmetic and algebra, the more complex of problem-solving questions, the structured questions with nonroutine type, and the students' inaccuracy in formulating situations. Moreover, the achievement of 'formulate' and 'interpret' indicators are found to be lower since the students are less familiar with the concept of symbols used as the substitute for varying quantities, and are less able to contemplate the algebraic solutions, thus the problems cannot be interpreted properly.

Problem-solving and cognitive style are two things that are important to note, but the reality is rarely considered especially cognitive style. Student cognitive style can influence problem-solving abilities. This study aims to investigate student errors based on Newman in problem solving, in terms of independent and dependent field cognitive style. The study was conducted on junior high school students in Indonesia, the method used is exploratory involving 2 Subject. Subjects are taken from independent and dependent field style cognitive groups. Stages of problem-solving according to Polya's includes: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and look back. Errors according to Newman include errors in reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills and encoding. Data were collected using the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) and problem-solving test. The conclusion shows that subject with field dependent cognitive style with the initials SFD tend to make errors at the transformation stage in making models, process skills in manipulating algebra and calculation processes, and conclusions for making errors in the previous stage. Whereas subject with independent field cognitive style with the initials SFI tend to make errors at the process skill stage in manipulating algebra and calculation processes.

In social restrictions due to the current pandemic, there is a change in the learning system and changing learning styles. So it has the potential to affect mathematical abilities, especially geometry thinking skills. The problems are: 1)how the learning styles tendencies of students during the pandemic, 2)how the students 'geometric thinking abilities viewed from the level of geometry according to van Hiele, 3)how the students' geometric thinking abilities viewed from their learning styles, and 4)are their association of student learning styles with the level of geometry ability according to van Hiele. This research conducted at the University of Bina Bangsa in mathematics education, totaling 38 students. The method in this research is mixed methods. For quantitative data were analyzed using chi-square test and contingency test, while qualitative data were analyzed using flow models. The study found that during the covid-19 pandemic, the students tend to use auditory learning style and it is known that there is an association between student learning style and geometric ability level according to Van Hiele. Furthermore, it is known that the higher level of geometry ability of students, the higher indicators of ability to think geometry they have.

There is a need to provide 21st century learning through mathematics textbooks. To give valuable input to such an effort, students' perspective needs to be considered since the students are the ones that get impacted from the effort. Therefore, the present study aims to describe students' perspective regarding the effort in integrating 21st century learning and mathematics textbook. The study employed mixed methods with a survey approach to investigate the students' perspective. The findings of this study uncover critical components that should be considered in designing a mathematics textbook for supporting 21st century learning. Based on the findings, a set of recommendations is proposed for a textbook designer.

A triangle is an abstract object in Lobachevsky's Geometry. The local content is needed as a starting point for learning geometry. This study aims to describe student's understanding of triangles in Lobachevsky Geometry through local culture. This is an exploratory study. The focus is on analyzing the needs of student's ability to understand the properties of Lobachevsky's geometry. The subjects of this study were mathematics education students in Bengkulu, Indonesia. In-depth interviews are based on assignments about triangular problems. The problem is taken from the culture of Bengkulu society about "glutinous rice cake". Data were analyzed through a collection of interviews and other physical activity. The results of this study are the subjects can connect the elements together to form a coherent unity based on observations of sticky rice cake. They produced a new product by organizing several elements into different forms or patterns from before, namely triangles with a large number of angles of less than 180. The conclusion of this study is that student's understanding of triangles in Lobachevsky Geometry has reached the level of creating a new proposition, namely the number of angles in triangles in Lobachevski Geometry is less than 180.

The ability of music has a positive impact on the balance of thinking. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the musical ability has a direct effect on the ability of abstraction of native numbers of elementary school students at a low level. This is survey research as an evaluation stage for the development of elementary thematic learning models in Kota Bengkulu, Indonesia. The research sample was 95 elementary school students in Kota Bengkulu. The instruments of this research were musical ability tests and abstraction ability test. Data were analyzed through the Lisrel 8.8 test. The results of this study is that musical ability has a direct positive effect on the ability of abstraction of native elementary students to a low level.

The division of fractions is one of the difficult materials for elementary students. That is a concept that they must understand. Therefore, the abstraction process is needed to achieve it. The purpose of this study is to describe the abstraction process of dividing fractions by elementary school students. The subjects of this study were elementary school students in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. The subjects of this study were chosen 3 out of 85 elementary school students in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. There are two story questions submitted to research subjects about the distribution of mineral water after playing soccer. Subjects were interviewed in depth. That is a task-based interview. Data were analyzed through genetic decomposition. The result is students can be more meaningful in preparing propositions about fraction operations. Students can state that the division of fractions is a repetitive reduction. By providing contextual problems students can complete the process of abstraction, and can reach the concept of fraction division appropriately.

This research aims at describing the relation between students' ability in critical reading and their mathematical critical thinking at Mathematics Education Study Program of IKIP Siliwang. Critical Reading is one of basic skills for students to comprehend and value information. Reading comprehension skill will affect their study. This research is a descriptive study specifically correlational design. The subject is 40 students of Mathematics Education Study Program who have enrolled the General Indonesian Language subject. The result showed that there was significant correlation between the students' critical reading skill and their mathematical critical thinking skill, with significance value < 0.05, that is 0.000 and the value of correlation coefficient of 0.774, which means a very strong correlation and positive, indicating a direct relationship. Accordingly, students of Mathematics Education Study Program need to have and practice critical reading to facilitate their mathematical critical thinking.

This research is a pre-post-test experiment that aims to examine the role of the problem-solving approach (PSA) and students' cognitive intelligence on mathematical creative thinking abilities (MCTA) and mathematical habits of mind (MHoM). This study involved 50 8th grade students. The instruments used were TOLT test, MCTA test, and MHoM scale. This research found that students at the age of 13-14 years are at the stage of formal, transition, and concrete thinking. Whereas MCTA students who receive learning with PSA achieve better grades than students taught by the scientific approach (SA). The MCTA level of students who receive PSA is good and sufficient for students who receive SA. Both groups of students are still aware of some difficulties in completing MCTA tasks, such as solving problems improperly, in more than one way, and or in different ways. The MHoM results of the two students were not different, they were at a good level. Based on the cognitive thinking stage, it was found that there were significant differences in the improvement of MCTA between the two classes, there was a certain stage of thinking in the MCTA of the two classes, and there was no interaction. While for MHoM there is no difference in terms of approaches and stages of thinking, and there is no interaction. In Other findings, there is no relationship between MCTA and MHoM.

The aim of this research is to produce an IT-based learning evaluation media for Hasyim Asy'ari University students, especially mathematics education study program by using the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. The subjects include media experts, material experts, and students as media users. The research instrument used was a questionnaire of product quality filled out by students and also a validation sheet filled out by Media and Material Experts. Data processing is performed after the product data has been successfully obtained. The data is then analyzed by using the percentage formula. Through the data analysis, the percentage obtained by media expert validation was 90.36%, and material expert was 91.43%. The practicality results at the implementation phase showed the percentage of assessment was 92.27% while the effectiveness results of classical completeness was 87.36%. The results of the Validity and Reliability analysis of each item were declared valid and reliable with an Alpha value of 0.943. So, based on the eligibility criteria guidelines, overall the IT-Based Learning evaluation media in the form of the Wondershare Quiz Creator is declared worthy to be use.

Education is developed to prepare students to face possible problems that might arise in the future. Recent trends show that many job opportunities in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics exist in the industrial world, but most of them think that school graduates are not in line with the needs in the field. One of them is because people are too focused on one area. Therefore we need the development of learning that can integrate various subjects, especially in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematic. This research is intended to describe the development of mathematics learning through engineering design process method with STEM approachs. The method used in the form of a descriptive method with research subjects for six-grade elementary school students in Indonesia. The learning is based on mathematics about surface area and natural science about electricity. Through this research, it is produced that learning based on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics can provide exciting experiences and increase their interest in learning mathematics more deeply.

This study aims to determine the implementation process and the results of the application of VBA-assisted mathematical learning media for excel games in an effort to improve the English language skills of early childhood. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether mathematical learning media assisted VBA for excel games can improve the English language skills of early childhood? As well as how the implementation process, the results of the implementation of research, advantages, and disadvantages after the implementation of mathematical learning media. The approach used in this study is the quasi-experimental research method. The population in this study was in group B which amounted to 20 samples of early childhood. Based on the results of the study that there was an increase in English language skills of early childhood through VBA-assisted mathematical learning media for excel games. While the learning media applied in early childhood is successfully implemented, early childhood shows an active, enthusiastic, and happy attitude when learning takes place. Then it can be concluded that the application of VBA-assisted mathematical learning media for excel games in an effort to improve English language skills in early childhood takes place well and smoothly. Early childhood looks more active, creative and confident in learning English, so they can digest the media well in an effort to improve their English language skills.

The research aims to analyze the acceleration of the population growth in Lombok which consists of 5 districts/cities using forecasting system by constructing the winter's method in the form of a GUI Multiple Forecasting System (G-MFS) based on Matlab by calculating the indicator level of accuracy to find predictive data for the next 10 years. At the data simulation stage, researchers used population data over the last 11 years. The evaluation of forecasting results is calculated by calculating the value of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) with 27 attempts through modified Winter parameter values. From the simulation data obtained the most optimal parameter value is α, β, and γ sequential values of 0.9, 0.5, and 0.9. Then with the value of the parameter obtained MAPE value of 1.25%. Furthermore, it can be noted that for the next 10 years the increase in the population of Lombok Island on average of 1.49%, with the average East Lombok district details of 1.15%, the average West Lombok district by 1.17%, the average central Lombok district of 0.98%, the North Lombok district averaged 0.98%, and the average Mataram city of 3.05%. These results suggest that the simulated and numeric techniques using the GUI of MATLAB provide quite accurate results. In subsequent research, it is necessary to do predictions based on the number of births, the number of deaths, the number of transmigration, the amount of productive and non-productive, and other data series that is more complex so that it will be seen how the development of the population productivity on the island of Lombok.

The main problems in this study are the lack of awareness of PGSD students towards the surrounding environment and the lack of RME-based teaching materials that use used goods as a medium of learning. The long-term goal of the research to be carried out is to support the improvement of quality and the development of basic and regional education policies at the local and national levels through the improvement of the quality of the young generation of productive Indonesian hopes The specific target of this research is to get a picture of the results of the implementation of teaching materials "learning mathematics in elementary school". The focus of this research problem is: 1) learning steps using the teaching material and 2). Obstacles felt when learning to use these teaching materials. And 3). Implementation of teaching materials uses a realistic mathematics education approach in learning awareness of the environment of PGSD students with the help of teaching aids made from used goods. The method used is the qualitative description, this study describes how elementary mathematics learning teaching materials, implementation of elementary mathematics learning teaching materials in caring for the environment of PGSD students and obstacles in implementing teaching materials. The results of this study are the steps in the implementation of elementary school mathematics learning teaching materials in learning environmental care for PGSD students.

This study aimed to produce PISA model mathematical problems for junior high school students using a valid and practical Covid-19 context. The research method used is design research with the type of development study. At the preliminary stage, a review of literature and design has been reviewed. Meanwhile, the formative evaluation phase only reaches the stage of self-evaluation, one to one, small group. Data collection techniques used were walkthrough, document review, and online interview. The problem developed in this study is related to the number of hand sanitizers that can be made based on available ingredients. The data analysis applied is descriptive. The result of the research is in the form of mathematical problems using a valid and practical PISA model COVID-19 context with 3 items in total. From the validation result in terms of content, constructs, and language based on the validator and one to one assessment, the PISA type mathematics problem with the context of Covid-19 has valid content, construction, and language. Practically, based on small group trials where all students can understand the purpose of the problem well, the students' thoughts easy to read and do not lead to diverse interpretations.

This research uses a project-based learning model on the material number patterns in grade 8 junior high school. The system in this study uses Lesson Study for Learning and Community (LSLC). The research method used is a design research. The research sample used was 8th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Palembang. Data collection includes interviews, video recordings, sound recordings, online media, and photos. The stages carried out in this study consisted of the stages of planning, trial design, and learning reflection. This study uses the context of planting sprouts as a starting point in the preparation of learning number patterns associated with the average material. The results of this study indicate that using the context of "Planting Sprouts" can help students understand the concept of number patterns in daily life.

In this paper, we determine the optimal control of plant disease model with roguing, replanting, curative, and preventive treatment using the Maximum Pontryagin principle. Numerical simulation results show that the procedure can reduce the population of infected plants. Therefore, controlling by roguing, replanting, curative, and preventive treatment is highly recommended to increase the number of susceptible, removed, and protected plants.

Graph theory is developing very rapidly, especially in labelling graphs. This is proven by the number of researches examining graph labelling. In graphs labelling, research focuses on developing theories. On the other hand, graph labelling (magic covering and edge super magic labelling) has a useful application. This paper will discuss the magic covering of a simple graph (Domino graph) and edge magic labelling on a simple graph (Domino graph). The conclusion is that the magic covering can be applied to a secret sharing scheme, and also edge magic labelling can be applied to ruler models.

Mathematics learning is inseparable from local culture. In the local culture in Timor Tengah Selatan regency, there are geometric shapes of plane and spaces contained in local buildings or customs. The habit of measuring gardens. The habit of making roofs and fences is a form of Geometry. This research aims to examine the geometrical shapes contained in traditional houses, LOPO. The research was conducted at Benteng None. The type of this research is qualitative research. The data collection method uses observation and interview techniques. Data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, data verification and conclusion. The results showed that there were several Geometry shapes of plane and space at Benteng None, Timor Tengah Selatan Regency.

Ethnomathematics is mathematics that grows and develops in a particular culture. Technological advancement makes culture more forgotten, especially in traditional buildings such as traditional houses. Traditional houses contain philosophical values that are used as guidelines for the life of the surrounding community. Unconsciously in traditional house buildings have applied various mathematical concepts in the building. This study aims to reveal the mathematical concepts and philosophical values found in the traditional Toba Batak houses. The method of research conducted in the ethnographic approach. The source of research data was obtained from three speakers: customary kings, building experts, and residents (elders). The instruments in this study were researchers themselves and guidelines for semi-structured interviews—data collection techniques obtained from observation, discussions, and documentation. Testing the validity of the data is done by source triangulation. In this study, it was found that there was an application of mathematical concepts in traditional Toba Batak houses. The mathematical theory consists of a dimensional geometry concept, two-dimensional geometry, three-dimensional geometry, geometric transformation, and number patterns. Each of the forms contained in the traditional Toba Batak house contains philosophical values that are used as learning resources.

Creative thinking is one of the abilities students need to have because, with this ability, students can encounter every problem. However, not every student has this ability. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using realistic mathematics learning approaches to improve students' creative thinking abilities. This research is quasi-experimental. This research was conducted in one of the junior high school in class VII. Researchers conducted two tests on students, namely pretest and posttest. Each time after teaching the teacher together, the researchers evaluate learning to improve students' abilities. The average result of the ability to think creatively at the pretest is 17.61. The average result of the ability to think creatively at the posttest is 30.09. Using the N-Gain test shows that realistic mathematics learning approaches are practical enough to increase students' creative thinking abilities.

The demands of the 21st century require students to be reliable communicators, creators, critical thinkers, and collaborators in solving problems through student involvement in learning. This research aims to explore the student's mathematical reasoning abilities and problem-solving skills in mathematics using the cost of payments for water use as context. The subject of this research was eight-grade students of SMPN 19 Palembang. This research uses the method of design research with validation studies type which three stages, namely Preparing for the experiment; The design experiment consists of two cycles (Pilot Experiment and Teaching Experiment); and Retrospective analysis. The study results show that learning using receipts of water payments as a medium for saving water can help students develop reasoning and problem-solving skills in mathematics learning. However, students not accustomed to using information obtained from the analysis to solve the given problem. Students tend to provide non-mathematical arguments on each issue that require students to provide discussions about the learning material, especially data presentation.

The purpose of this study is to develop learning designs that incorporate environmental contexts into mathematics learning. The method used is a qualitative method using a literature review approach. The selection of research objects and literature is achieved through purposeful sampling techniques and by employing data search engines. Mathematics research is being designed using a global context with a theoretical approach. The results have shown that there are different environmental contexts, especially those related to Papua. These contexts can be used in mathematical instruction. Mathematics instruction using this context is expected to develop students' awareness of the environment.

A new policy demands PISA-like mathematics problems given to improve knowledge of literacy and numeracy as well as life skills in the Covid-19 pandemic. However, this didactic phenomenon has not been utilized as a context in learning. This research was design research with the type of development studies that aimed to produce PISAComat, which was valid, practical, and had potential effects on secondary school students' mathematical literacy abilities by conducting walk-through, test, document review, and interview as data resources. From the result of expert reviews and one to one phase, the developed PISAComat has been valid. It is viewed from its compatibility with the PISA framework i.e., students are familiar with the current context, the content is indeed studied at the 9th grade, and the difficulty level of 5 in PISA. The language used is precise and does not contain a variety of meanings. The practicality can be seen from students who can understand and solve the problem given easily by involving students' mathematical literacy. Also, the PISAComat had potential effects on mathematics literacy, such as reasoning and argumentation, to give perception and interpretation and to improve insights related to the education of life skills to face the Covid-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this short preliminary study is to investigate mathematics student teachers' mathematical and didactical knowledge of the limit of a function, particularly in evaluating the value of the limit. This study modeled these investigations using the Anthropological Theory of Didactic, which describes mathematical activity in terms of the mathematical organizations or praxeologies and considers the teacher the director of the didactic process. In this study, the case study design was used, and four mathematics student teachers were examined within the context of evaluating the limit's value. Mathematics student teachers' result work, video recordings of the participants' work in which they explained how to assess the value of limit and audio recordings of task-based interviews were used to gather data. Participants showed different ways of evaluating the value of the limit of a function and explained how they decided to answer based on their understanding.

This study makes the learning process in the 2013 curriculum encourage students to provide learning processes with real challenges and solve them so that 21st-century skills can be realized. The study aims to determine the role of activities in average learning that are expected to help students analyze, solve problems, and implement the making of fruit salads. The method used in this study is the type of validation research design; research subjects are students of class eight grade. There are three stages in the validation of this type of research design; the research design has three cycles: the preliminary design, design experiments in the form of Initial Teaching Experiments (Pilot experiments) and teaching experiments, and retrospective analysis. The teaching experiment results show that if 50% of students complete the jumping task, applying (the implementation phase) in the process of making fruit salad. Errors in carrying out activities are not careful in reading the information, so people mistakenly see the price of fruit salad ingredients and their weaknesses in calculating and not understanding the material provided.

The use of learning models is crucial to consider to facilitate students' mathematical problem-solving ability (MPSA). Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the comparison of improving MPSA between students who learn through the model of Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting, and Extending with Realistic Mathematics Education (CORE RME), CORE model, and conventional model. Participants of this study consist of three groups of junior high school students, namely students who learned through the model of CORE RME of 50 people, students who learned through the CORE model of 49 people, and students who learned through the conventional model of 46 people. The findings in this study are that there were significant differences in the improvement of students' MPSA who learn through the model of CORE RME, CORE model, and conventional model. Multiple comparison test results show that the development in the MPSA of students who learn through the CORE RME model was better than the students learning through the CORE model. There was no significant difference in the improvement of MPSA between students who learn through the CORE RME model and the conventional model, as well as between students learning through the CORE model and the traditional model.

Identifying a problem is the fundamental component in the refractive thinking process. This activity is carried out after students read the given mathematical problem. Failure of students to identify problems will affect problem-solving strategies. Some strategies in solving problems can be found by identifying the information in the issues correctly. This study aims to reveal the errors of students in refractive thinking on the component identifying problems. The research subjects were 43 students who took the Multivariable Calculus course at one of the Islamic Higher Education Institutions in West Sumatra. The process of collecting data uses tests and questionnaires. This study found several errors in refractive thinking made by students when identifying problems, namely reading errors, language interpretation errors, comprehension errors, factual errors, and errors in visualizing mathematical graphics.

The degradation of coral reefs is becoming increasingly alarming. If left unchecked, there will be an imbalance of the marine ecosystem. Many factors are killing the coral reefs. There is nature factor such as global warming and human activities factor such as destructive fishing. In this paper, we proposed model coral reefs with a system of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation between five populations, namely coral reefs, parrotfish, macroalgae, algal turfs, and crown of thorns starfish in the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea. We consider biological interactions such as predator-prey relationships between the crown of thorns starfish and coral reefs, and macroalgae grazers on coral reefs. We consider destructive fishing that damage the coral. Using the standard dynamic system theory, we determined the stability of the system with and without fishing. We show numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis to evaluate the investigation results to conclude the effect of the destructive fishery on coral reefs.

This study presents the application of the project based learning model on the sum of integers. this research uses the lesson study for learning community (LSLC) system. The sample of this study was 22 seventh grade students of Srijaya State Junior High School Palembang. The research method used is design research (design research). This study designs project based learning based on account calculations. The stages of this study consisted of experimental preparation, design experiments and retrospective analysis. Based on the results of retrospective analysis, it is shown that by using electricity account calculations as a context in learning students can understand integers and sets.

Problems faced by students on mathematical problems always occur due to process errors because for those with enough knowledge to memorize formulas, then their job is only to insert numbers in formulas, and in fact, even when they use them they are not able to develop reasonable process stages. The purpose of this media learning, the existence of a strong positive influence they can understand mathematics, able to tune in concepts and be able to evaluate if there are steps in the wrong process then they correct mistakes. This study aims to develop the potential of prospective teachers or students to create ICT-based interactive media in mathematical games, using the ADDIE model of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation to see and guide students in making better products. From the results of the study that there is a positive influence when using media based on the average class at pretest 70.74 and post-test 82.69 with paired t-test with a significant value of 0,000 <0.05. and there is also an increase in the ability to solve the context of mathematical problems using the scratch program language based on a decrease in the indicators of student difficulties.

Covid-19 pandemic forced online lecturing and learning from home (LFH) to be carried out on all campuses in Indonesia. One obstacle in implementing LFH is how students can organize themselves so they can learn well from home. Based on observations in class, students who can manage their learning (Self-Regulated Learning, SRL) well tend to better understand the mathematical material provided. Mathematical understanding is very important because it becomes the basis for students to be able to master other higher mathematical abilities. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between self-regulated learning and students' mathematical understanding in online lectures during the covid-19 pandemic. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The subjects in this research were 14 students contracted discrete mathematics courses on mathematics education department at Wiralodra University in the 2019/2020 event semester by purposive sampling technique. The instruments of this research were self-regulated learning questionnaires, mathematical understanding tests and interviews. Data analysis consist of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that there are directly proportional relationship between self-regulated learning and students' mathematical understanding. Based on these findings, it is necessary to apply self-regulated learning strategies in lectures to improve students' mathematical understanding.

Creative thinking is an important part in learning mathematics. However, some Mathematics Education students have low creative thinking skills, especially in the proof process in the Real Analysis course. Use the Problem Posing approach to determine the quality of students' creative thinking abilities in the Real Analysis course. Therefore this study aims to describe the potential of students as designers, in creative thinking in the proof of mathematics. This research is a qualitative research category, with a perspective-constructive approach. A total of 61 sixth semester students take Real analysis courses in the 2019/2020 Academic Year as research subjects. The student studied in two heterogeneous mathematics education classes, from one urban tertiary institution participating in this study. By using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation can be obtained this research information. The results obtained by the problem posing condition can find a greater difference than the equivalent conditions, about two-thirds of students are able to make in some cases the original equivalent, as well as the relationship between student achievement on Sequences and Series material with originality found at the middle level. This type of research has the potential for lecturers and students to assess the level of student understanding of certain mathematical topics, concepts, or procedures.

To date, in the literature, hundreds of studies have been found on mathematics learning that is supported by the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Model. Several studies with conflicting results are found in the literature. This meta-analysis study was carried out to combine and interpret the findings of this study. Related databases are sought for studies that qualify for examining the effects of CTL compared to conventional learning on students' mathematical understanding abilities. Random-effect models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. 21 effect sizes were analyzed from 21 primary studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published in ERIC documents, journal articles, proceedings, and repository documents from 2010 to 2020, and with a total of 1349 students involved. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) program is used to assist analysis. Based on the results of the analysis found the overall effect size (ES) is 0.868 with a standard error of 0.155 based on a random-effects model. The size of the effect represents that the average student exposed to CTL exceeds the ability of mathematical understanding by 76% of students in conventional classes who are initially equivalent. This result can also be interpreted that, students shift from the 50th percentile to the 79th percentile in mathematical understanding abilities when CTL is applied. The results of the analysis of the mediator variables were found that all variables except the year of study and education level were related to ES. The strongest relationship was found for sample size variables and publication sources. The analysis shows that CTL is more effective if it is applied in the condition of a sample size of 1-30 students. It was found that there were sources of publications which tended to publish only significant studies, although they did not indicate publication bias. These facts are considered by mathematics education practitioners for CTL implementation in the future.

The background of this study is in fact that students' abstraction process still low in geometry. Straight-line equations are a prerequisite in understanding geometry material further. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the process of student abstraction in straight line equations. The population in this study are Eight Graders from one of the junior high schools in Cimahi City, with the selection of research subjects, namely schools in the medium cluster category in Cimahi City. and the samples in this study are 3 students that categorized on high, medium and low abilities. This research is a descriptive qualitative study. The instrument of the research is a test that is analysed to see and measure the student's abstraction process which appears in straight line equations. The results of the analysis and observations show that the abstraction process from 3 students who categorized based on high, medium and low ability, shows different ability on abstraction process on the criteria of verbal reasoning, numerical ability, and abstract reasoning. Students with high ability category have high variable reasoning ability, high numerical ability and high abstract reasoning as well. While students with medium abilities have high variable reasoning abilities, moderate numerical abilities and medium abstract reasoning. For students with low ability categories have low variable reasoning ability, moderate numerical ability and low abstract reasoning. So this process of abstraction can be seen from students with high ability categories. As for students of medium and low ability, need more guidance so that their abstraction process can improve.

The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) how well mathematics students in semester 2 of the academic year 2018/2019 UNU Purwokerto understand the concept of calculus 2, (2) the things that cause students' difficulties in understanding the concept of calculus. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive methods. Furthermore, the technique of determining the source of data is using purposive sampling. The number of students selected as research subjects consisted of 12 students in the semester 2 mathematics study program year 2018/2019; in which 3 students were in the medium category and 9 students were in a low category. Meanwhile, there are 4 subjects chosen for the interview: 2 subjects of the moderate category and 2 subjects of the low category. There are two data taken in this study, they are the results of the conceptual understanding test and the results of the interview. Later on, the results of the tests and interviews will be validated by using triangulation methods. Based on the results and discussion of this study, the following conclusions are obtained: first, mathematics students' understanding of the concept of calculus consists of a high category of 0%, a medium category of 25%, and a low category of 75%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the understanding of the concept of mathematics calculus for semester 2 students in 2018/2019 academic year is still low. The analysis of the understanding of the calculus concept of students of mathematics study program shows a higher understanding of integral material and lower on using the integral material. The second conclusion is the things that cause students' difficulties in understanding the concept of calculus are students still learned by memorizing and they lack the motivation to repeat the material. Moreover, they rarely practice the questions and they learned only a little of basic concepts of mathematics in high school.

Mathematical attitude is a psychological response that arises when students interact in learning mathematics in school. For deaf students, attitudes towards mathematics have an important role in their success in learning mathematics. Deaf students are students who have hearing loss and verbal communication. The experts revealed that the visual potential of deaf students is a potential that can be utilized in mathematics learning activities. One learning model that utilizes the visual potential of deaf students is the EL-CPA model. The research aims to determine the effect of the application of the EL-CPA model on the mathematical attitudes of deaf students in Special Schools. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a sample of 20 deaf students. The sample was chosen randomly from 10 Special Schools in the city of Bogor. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics through binomial tests. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of the EL-CPA model on the mathematical attitudes of deaf students with a Sig value of 0.024. Therefore, researchers recommend applying the EL-CPA learning model for deaf students in special schools.

The students in secondary school have difficulties making the transition from arithmetic to algebra. In order to obtain the students approach while solving the problem, the students are given a mathematical problem that can be solved by using arithmetic or algebraic. This study is implemented in class grade 7, and they have learnt the introduction of algebra. This research was using a qualitative method with description design. Six students who are a participant in this study have excellent communication and give different strategies while solving the problems. The students are given a mathematical test problem, and then the students are interviewed based on their answer sheet in the test in order to get in-depth information from their strategies. From the result of students are given, we acquire that the arithmetical approach is dominated in their strategy to solve the problem. Many of the students do not realize the using of the quantities of the unknown in that problem. Arithmetic is the approach that accomplished to coverage the students to solve the problem and the students just do numbers and operation, and focus in numeric answer. Most of the student in a secondary school in seventh grade is direct think arithmetically than algebraically.

Function is a concept that is very much related to daily life. Likewise with the concept of mapping. The purpose of this study is to describe students' understanding of the concept of function and mapping by students who are at a high level (ie extended-trans level). The student is the subject of this study. This research is exploring the ability of research subjects. The research subjects were taken from mathematics education students at Bengkulu University. We selected one subject of research, Mg. Student was interviewed in depth about the concept of function. Data were analyzed based on genetic decomposition. The results of this study are that students are able to present an overview of the concept of function with a broad extension level. The function from the set A to B is the set f whose members are sequential pairs of the two cross-sets of non-empty sets A and B such that (a, b) and (a, b ') elements of f then b = b'. Also able to make a simplification in the form of mapping definition, which states that the domain of function f is the set A. The conclusion of this study is that high-level students have an in-depth understanding of the concept of function. He is able to compile extensive extensions. Also, make the exact simulations.

Collaboration and communication skills are an important skill in the 21st century. The study aims to acquire a description of collaboration and communication skills designing project assignments created by pre-service mathematics teachers. This study used a qualitative approach to observe the phenomenon of participants in making a project task. The participants were 43 pre-service mathematics teachers who took a course on teaching-learning strategies. Collaboration and communication skills are demonstrated by students when the process of planning products, making products, presenting, and evaluating products. The results obtained in this study are students can figure out their level of understanding of the results of the presentation he has done. This can help students to plan to make the next teaching material appropriately. Project assignments in groups can promote collaborative learning. This is very helpful to students who are weak to build confidence. These results suggest that project assignments not only test students' understanding of a particular topic but also develop student collaboration and communication skills.

Changes to the curriculum in Indonesia have also caused changes in the learning process. Students are required to play an active role in classroom learning, while teachers only act as facilitators. So that in this curriculum, students are expected to have self-regulated learning. But also, another aspect that must still be had by students is a good understanding of concepts, especially in a material that is considered difficult like mathematics. One alternative way that can be done to achieve both aspects is the use of instructional media, such as interactive multimedia. One interactive multimedia that can be used is the Macromedia Flash Professional 8 application. This study aims to compare two groups with different treatments on trigonometry material. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with the non-equivalent control group design. This study was divided into two groups; the first group was given learning using flash media as an experimental group and the second group as a control group using ordinary learning. The sample in this study was taken from two classes of thirteen classes with purposive sampling, namely class X RPL 2 and X AKKUL 1 in SMK Negeri 1 Cianjur. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney Test and the Independent Sample t/t'-test. The results showed that the achievements and increased ability to understand mathematical concepts from the experimental group were significantly better than the control group. Based on N-gain criteria, the increased is including the medium category. At the same time, the self-regulated learning of the experimental group is the same as the self-regulated learning of the control group.

The phenomenon that occurs in everyday life, one of the mathematical topic that was difficult to understand by students is algebraic. In algebra, there are many symbols that make students difficult to understand and understand the concept of algebraic material. This research aims to describe the ability of multi-representation in solving algebraic problems based on students' mathematical skills (high, moderate and low). Furthermore, the type of research used was descriptive research. The subject of research in this study is class VIII students SMP Negeri 13 Singkawang, odd semester of the school year 2017/2018 Overall the research results show the multi-representation that the student presented to the verbal representation of the average percentage of 54.46%, The average visual representation of the percentage was 59.09% while for symbol representation was obtained an average percentage of 48.92%. In this case, a highly capable subject presents a solution through various representations (verbal, visual and symbol) For medium-capable subjects, it was able to give an answer with symbolic and verbal representation and lacking in visual representation presentation. As for low-capability subjects are less able to present solutions in visual, verbal and symbolic representations.

Students' creative thinking needs to be developed to help them construct new ideas in solving mathematical problems. One of the obstacles that hinder the advancement of creative thinking processes is the incompatibility of the learning approach and cognitive styles. This study aims to describe the students' creative thinking processes in solving geometry problems based on field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) models of cognitive style. Two students of Mathematics Education Study Program of Widya Mandira Catholic University Kupang participated in this study. Each participant represents different cognitive styles of the field-dependent and field-independent models. The results showed that the participant with the FI cognitive style was able to perform creative thinking processes better than the FD cognitive style participant. This can be observed at all stages. In the preparation stage, the FI cognitive style participant was more capable of expressing important ideas from the given problems; at the incubation stage, she was able to arrange ideas to solve mathematical problems by writing its detailed procedure; at the stage of illumination, she was able to express her ideas verbally; and at the verification stage, re-checking the results of her work.

This study aims to examine the improvement in thinking skills problem solving of prospective teacher students in learning analytic geometry using GeoGebra software. The population in this study were all students of IKIP Siliwangi, with a sample of class One class 2018 totalling 35 people. The instrument used in this study was a test in the form of a 5-item description question and a non-test in the form of a Likert scale. Based on the results of data processing, it can be concluded that the use of GeoGebra software is effective in improving problem-solving skills in analytic geometry learning. Overall, students' responses to the use of GeoGebra software in learning analytic geometry courses are in a very strong category. The highest indicator of student attitudes towards the use of GeoGebra software is achieved on the indicator of interest in the media and the indicator that has the lowest percentage lies in the indicator of image use.

Learning media is a tool that is used to make the teaching and learning process easier. In this modern era, most of the students complained that mathematics is hard and boring. Other than that, the traditional teaching method makes students less practical and not mastering the concept taught, which is why there is a need of a learning media innovation using Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Learning fraction in primary school can be helped using VBA for Microsoft excel in supporting the fraction subchapter so that it will be more interesting and easier to understand. The purpose of this research is to develop a VBA for Microsoft excel on fraction, which then is evaluated on their validity and practicality as a learning media. The design of this research is using the experimental design with pre-test and post-test to compare the students' understanding ability on fraction between the class that uses VBA for Microsoft excel and the traditional teaching method. The result of this research shows that the learning media, we can conclude that VBA for Microsoft excel based on the 6-questions cognitive theory can improve the students' understanding ability significantly.

Problem-solving is an ability that must be trained on students from the elementary school level. Through mathematical problem-solving students will have a good way of thinking, persistence, curiosity and confidence in dealing with new situations in everyday life. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental design with a nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design. The object of research is elementary school level students at the centre of learning activities in the City of Cimahi. Based on the results of the study, it was found that VBA-based media for Microsoft Excel influenced students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. There are findings of the condition of students who find it challenging to solve coherent problems, because there is a rush and want praise when solving problems faster. The conclusion in this study is that VBA-based media for Microsoft Excel is better at improving students' mathematical problem-solving abilities.

The misconception is one phenomenon that often occurs in the fields of science, including mathematics. To find a solution, diagnostic needs to be done about misconceptions on the basic concepts of mathematics. The purpose of this study was to develop an online diagnostic misconception test instrument. The research method used is development research using the ADDIE model. There are five stages of research, namely: analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. Proof of validity is done using the Aiken index involving five judgment experts. The validation results show that the instrument has high content validity. Likewise, with the results of the instrument trials, it shows that the instruments developed are valid and reliable. These results indicate that the developed instrument can be used for misconception diagnostic tests of basic mathematical concepts. The instrument can be used to diagnose misconceptions among students, students, teachers and other communities.

The purpose of the research was to analyze the opinions of mathematics education students about HOTS questions. The method used in this research was a qualitative research method, using a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were 21 students, were selected purposively. The data collection instrument is open-ended set of questions using the Google classroom application. Triangulation was conducted through interviews with four lecturers was conducted in order to increase the validation of the research. The results showed that there were two groups of student opinions about the HOTS question; difficult questions and three top-level levels of Bloom's taxonomy. However, there are misconceptions of the students interpreting difficult problems and Bloom's taxonomy level about HOTS problems. Not all difficult problems can be classified as HOTS problems, nor all problems on three top-level questions of Bloom's taxonomy be categorized as HOTS problems.

Learning media is a tool to deliver learning material to students during the learning process. This research aims to develop comic-based learning media on the social arithmetic learning material of class VII students. The research trial was conducted at Sunan Kalijaga Jabung Junior High School in class VII C, with a total of 26 students as the research subjects. The development process of the learning media refers to the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Based on data analysis, the results obtained are as follows: (1) the learning media validity test result shows that the learning media is valid with a percentage value of 85% and the category of "Good"; (2) the effectiveness test result was obtained through the students' observation sheet and questionnaire with a percentage of 50% < x ⩽ 75% that can be included in the category of "Good"; (3) the practicality test result was obtained through learning observation sheets and student questionnaires. Learning observation sheet with a percentage of 87.5% is included in the category of "Good", while the students' responses questionnaire result sheets with a percentage of 91% is included in the category of "Very Good". Based on those three test results, it can be said that this research has successfully produced a valid, practical and effective learning media.

Students are the main, vital, and central customers that must be served in a college. The college success is characterized by the quality of services provided, and service quality can be identified through student satisfaction. Therefore, knowledge is needed related to variables that affect student satisfaction, especially in the learning process. This study suspects that the knowledge and teaching methods used by educators in the learning process, the depth of material delivered, the implementation of the learning process, the clarity of the assessment of learning outcomes, and the affective interactions of lecturers and students affect the level of student satisfaction. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with the Bootstrap parameter estimation method. The results showed that all the indicators forming the six latent variables used in this study were significant, so the models met the fit category. The results showed there was a positive and significant effect of the quality of teaching on the level of student satisfaction in the learning process by 19%. However, based on the five variables forming the quality of teaching, only the variable knowledge and teaching methods of lecturers have a significant effect on the level of student satisfaction.

Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has an impact on various fields of life, especially higher education. The online lecture system in higher education is an effective solution and has been applied in the lecture process. This study aims to determine student perceptions about online lectures, to find out the forms of an application used in online lectures and to find out the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in online lectures. This research was conducted with a descriptive survey research method, the sample in this study were students majoring in mathematics education, PGPAUD, and Counseling Guidance, PGSD, Community education and Indonesian with a total number of students 183. The data analysis technique used in this study is to calculate the percentage of data from each indicator, then interpret the score presentation of the data and analyze each indicator. The research instrument uses a question questionnaire sent via the google form application. The results obtained are students' perceptions of online lectures that students prefer face-to-face lectures compared to online lectures, supporting factors for online lectures are students have free opportunities to learn and find sources of information, availability of data packages, cellphones, laptops and internet networks that support. An inhibiting factor in the online lecture process is the lack of data packages and the internet. This research is expected to be an evaluation of various parties in conducting online learning in tertiary institutions and as study material for other researchers in analyzing and developing students' perceptions in online learning during emergencies in tertiary institutions.

This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research subjects were three students of class XI MA Ibad Arrahman Pandeglang Regency consisting of students who have high, medium and low abilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the students' mathematical problem-solving abilities on material limit functions. This ability is expected to be mastered by students to solve mathematical problems correctly and adequately. Data collection is done through the provision of problem-solving tests and observations then triangulation techniques are carried out to obtain valid data. The results of this study are students who are highly capable of having good mathematical solving abilities. Students who are capable of being mathematical problem-solving abilities are quite good. It's just not thorough or errors in the operation of numbers. In contrast, students with low ability have poor mathematical problem-solving skills because they cannot solve problems completely.

Although digital technology is widely used in education, there is still little explanation on how to design and utilized a digital learning tool to promote conceptual learning. To overcome this gap, we propose the idea of spatial instrumentation as a theoretical framework in designing (or developing) and implementing digital learning tools to promote conceptual understanding of mathematics learning through progressive mathematics. The reason, students can interact rich and meaningful and encourage them to use their basic understanding and intuition to support the learning process. Here, we outline theories that underlie ideas about spatial instrumentation, give examples of digital learning tools developed under these ideas, and show empirical illustrations of how students will interact with learning tools during the conceptualization process.

This research is motivated by the importance of reflective thinking skills in prospective teacher students. This ability is felt to be lacking especially in prospective teacher students at one of the state universities in Banten Province, even though they need this ability to train their students. One of the efforts given is interactive scaffolding-based teaching materials. Teaching materials are developed by using computer technology. This study uses a quasi-experimental research method. The population of this study is a student candidate for mathematics teacher at a state university in Banten with a sample of 2 classes taken by students who are taking courses related to learning. The instrument used was a test of reflective thinking ability in the form of a matter of description. Processing data using non-parametric U-Mann Whitney statistical tests. The results of this study concluded that the reflective thinking ability of pre-service mathematics teachers of students with the application of learning through interactive Scaffolding teaching materials is better than that applied in learning with teaching materials in the form of PPT. This conclusion is indicated by the data value of Asym. Sig = 0.278 is greater than 1 / 2∝ = 0.025

This study aims to determine the influence of learning problems posing to the mathematical problem-solving skills of class VIII students. The approaches and methods used in this study are quantitative approaches and experimental methods. The design in this research is pre-experimental with form one group pre-tests post-test design. This study was conducted at Junior high School Al Islam Cikampek by taking one class as a sample of research, class VIII C which amounted to 40 students. Sampling using purposive sampling techniques. The instruments in this study used a 4-question description test related to mathematical problem-solving skills with surface area material, prism volume, and pyramid. There are three phases in this research, the pre-test is done to know the initial ability to solve the student's mathematical problem before given treatment. After being given a pre-test, researchers give treatment by giving teaching using the model problem posing. After treatment, the researchers conducted a post-test to determine the final ability to solve students' mathematical problems. Based on the analysis results of the test-T for two dependent samples showed there is the influence of learning problems posing to the ability to solve the mathematical problem of class VIII students.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of online learning in calculus 2 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in a civil engineering study program at a private tertiary institution on Sumbawa Island. This research is a quasi-experimental research design model non-equivalent control group design. The number of subjects in this study was 71 people. Data analysis used a paired sample t-test analysis with the help of SPSS software. Based on the results of data analysis, online learning is not effective in calculus 2 subjects in the pandemic covid-19 period, there is a significant relationship between conventional learning and online learning and there is a significant difference between conventional learning and online learning. The average value of student learning outcomes is decreased when the online learning system is applied. From these results it can be concluded the online learning system in the 2nd calculus course during the Covid-19 pandemic has not been effective.

The absence of empirical understanding of the understudies is the product of less certainly applicable learning frameworks. Quantum Showing depending upon hypnoteching is a finding that is focused on the advancement of understudies of scientific understanding because the information can be explained by means of this model in an effective and competent manner and also because the structures of hypnoteching are anxious to learn while research. This thesis is an exploratory analysis. There are 50 semester understudies from ESTE in this study which have been haphazardly selected. A Quantum Display class is given based on hypnoteaching (QTH), and standard training (OL) is given in a control class. The methods used are: study, interpretation sheet and meeting guide. Knowledge analysis techniques in this study use t-test. The consequence of this research is that QTH testing has a better theoretical perception than OL analysis. Because of the degree of early (large, medium and small) numerical ability, medium and low capacities understudies have seen major differences, but not for high capability understudies. In view of the reaction that occurred during the study, understudies with QTH displayed a movement and stronger ability than OL.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the 5E Learning Cycle model in developing mathematical communication skill of junior high school students. This research is Quasi Experiment. The design of this study is nonequivalent control group design. The population of this research is all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Pekanbaru. Samples were selected using purposive sampling. Class VIII.2 as an experimental class with 36 students and class VIII.1 as a control class with 36 students. Data collection instruments are tests and observation sheets. The test is used to see the score of students' mathematical communication skills to be analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Observation is used to see the implementation of the 5E Learning Cycle model on teacher and student activities. The data analysis technique uses percentages and t-test, and the observations are analyzed in percentages and categorized qualitatively. The findings showed that there is a significant effect of the LC 5E model on the mathematical communication skills of Grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 5 Pekanbaru. Especially for high academic level, there is no significant effect of the 5E Learning Cycle model on the mathematical communication skill.

The aim of this study is to describe the formal thinking process of students in solving algebraic problems. This study is descriptive qualitative, with two 7^th grade subjects taken using a purposive sampling technique. The main instrument in this study is the researchers own judgment, Test of Logical Operations instruments, and algebraic problem-solving tests. The data were collected from various sources using the think-aloud approach. Data were analysed, classified based on students' cognitive development types (concrete, transitional, and formal) and transcribed into data presentation. The study found that, at the stages of understanding the problem and implementing the plan to solve the problem, the subjects successfully carried out the process of thinking assimilation and abstraction. On the other hand, at the stages of planning and re-examining answers, the subjects able to perform the assimilation process of thinking.

Students still have difficulty in understanding the material to build flat side spaces, so it needs innovative learning designs as a solution. One of the innovative learning designs is animation media based on microsoft powerpoint basic visual application. This research method is research and development through the stages of determining the potential and problems, data collection, animation media design, animation media initial design, animation media design validation, animation media trial, animation media revision, and final animation media. The research subjects were students of one class in one of the junior high schools in Cimahi. The research instrument used validation sheets and student response sheets. Validation was carried out by 3 experts namely a mathematics education lecturer who understood the visual basic application and 2 mathematics teachers who were experienced teaching. The results of expert validation from a lecturer on animation media obtained good criteria on the effectiveness indicators of the use of animated media, language, sound, and visuals, while on the consistency indicators the use of symbols obtained very good criteria. Validation of two mathematics teachers to the presentation of material in the overall animation media obtained criteria both on the indicators of relevance of learning objectives, the truth of the concept, and the presentation of the material. Student responses to the use, appearance, and presentation of animation media material as a whole are in good criteria.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe) The type of peer review carried out in the article selection process at ISAMME 2020 uses a double-blind peer-review. Manuscripts will be sent to at least one anonymous reference for contribution, originality, relevance, and presentation. Besides, Reviewers also do not know whose article they are reviewing.

Conference submission management system: All article management processes in ISAMME 2020 starting from submission to acceptance / rejection are carried out through the online system on the page http://conference.i-mes.org/index.php/isamme2020

Number of submissions received: The number of articles submissions in ISAMME Management System is 162 articles.

□ Number of submissions sent for review: The number of submissions sent for review is 143 articles

□ Number of submissions accepted: The number of submissions accepted is 96 articles

□ Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): Acceptance Rate = (96/162) × 100 = 59.26

Average number of reviews per paper: The average number of reviews per paper is at least 1 review.

Total number of reviewers involved: Total number of reviewers involved is 29 Reviewers.

Any additional info on review process: An editor first reviews the submitted manuscript. It will be evaluated, whether it is suitable for the 2nd ISAMME 2020 focus and scope or has a major methodological flaw and similarity score by using Ithenticate software. Furthermore, the manuscript will be sent to at least one anonymous referee for contribution, originality, relevance, and presentation (double-blind peer review). Reviewers' comments are then sent to the corresponding author for necessary actions and responses. Finally, the suggested decision will be evaluated in an editorial board meeting. Afterward, the Editor will send the final decision to the corresponding author.

Utilizing feedback from the peer review process, the Editor will make a final decision. The review process will take approximately 1 to 2 weeks. Decisions categories include:

1. Reject - Rejected manuscripts will not be published, and authors will not have the opportunity to resubmit a revised version of the paper to the 2nd ISAMME 2020.

2. Resubmit for Review - The submission needs to be re-worked, but with significant changes, it may be accepted. However, it will require a second round of review.

3. Accept with Revisions - Manuscripts receiving an accept-pending-revisions decision would be presented in the 2nd ISAMME 2020 under the condition that minor/major modifications are made. Revisions will be reviewed by an editor to ensure necessary updates are made before publication.

4. Accept - Accepted manuscripts will be published in the current form, with no further modifications required. But before that, it must still be presented in the 2nd ISAMME 2020.

The reviewers' and editors' suggestions would be conveyed to the author, who will then have an opportunity to revise the paper. A manuscript returned to an author for revision can be held for a maximum of two weeks. Finally, after accepted, all articles that are declared accepted by the Editor, must be presented at the 2nd ISAMME 2020. The publication will then be proposed to the Journal of Physics: Conference Series published by IOP Publishing.

1. Contact person for queries: Prof. Dr. Heris Hendriana (herishen@ikipsiliwangi.ac.id)

2. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wahyu Hidayat (wahyu@ikipsiliwangi.ac.id)

3. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana (rully.indra@mpmat.uad.ac.id)