Table of contents

Electrical energy is one of the important parts in the development of an area. The development of sustainable development and improvement in living standards can cause electricity consumption to continue to increase high, not least for Merauke Regency. In meeting the future electrical energy needs, it is necessary to prepare the development of the electrical system so that it is able to serve the demand for electrical energy needs in the future. One of the ways is to make predictions or estimates the electrical energy requirements.

The estimation of the need for electrical energy is needed to answer the high demand for electricity that continues to increase, so that we see the development of electricity consumption in Merauke Regency that is linear. The method used in this research is analyzing the calculation of electricity needs using the Linear Regression Method.

The estimation results of electrical energy needs in 2018 electrical energy needs amounted to 127,035,341 KWh, while in 2022 amounted to 17,139,908 KWh with an average increase per year of 8,747,989 KWh or 5.84%. From the calculation results, the household sector becomes the sector that has the highest electrical energy needs up to 2022 amounting to 114,294,938 KWh with an average percentage increase per year of 5.82%

In designing of Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), the most important issue is how to formulate the movements of the vehicle. This paper proposes the mathematical model of ROV movement. Combination of statics disciplines and dynamics of ROV movement are needed to formulate the mathematical model of ROV. Statics refers to the forces and moments that work on the physical system around the equilibrium point, dynamics refers to the effect of force on the movement of the object. Linear mathematical models analyzed can be combined or separated by taking into account the circumstances surrounding environment such as velocity vector of the linear state of the vehicle body (surge, sway and up) and angular (roll, yaw and pitch). Simulation results show that the movement of vehicles, both basic and combined movements have reliable characteristics.

Dissemination and promotion can be done in a more efficient way, such as digital info graphic or even animated video intended as a public service advertisement. Moreover, many institutions started to promote digital through the website, and also using motion graphic 2D animation that is interesting and easily accepted by the public. This study aims to design the motion graphic 2D animation and its usability testing on one of the institutions which is Kelurahan Ngadirejo. Method used is production stage motion graphic 2D animation and usability testing. This research have resulted motion graphic 2D animation in a public service advertisement which had usability system usability scale (SUS) tested with an average SUS score of 71.07% classified as an application having good quality.

In the afternoon until night, an electrical load is increased, it happened because to increase the usage of electrical devices by customers. These conditions in which increased electricity consumption by buyers at the same time with the quantity a large power have not been able to handle properly by PLN as the supplier of electrical energy in Indonesia. The impact is the occurrence of the power outage in rotation, to reduce these all, needs to be setting the use of electric power appropriate, in order to achieve the purpose of balance between demand and supply for electricity energy; especially on the household sectors. One of the tricks is enacting the management of the load on the side of their customers or well known as Demand-Side Management (DSM) and apply dynamic pricing on electricity tariff from the peak time and non-peak time. Home Electrical Energy Management System (HEEMS) is a system for managing electrical energy-based method DSM and apply dynamic pricing. HEEMS allows users to manage and monitor the usage of electricity. HEEMS serves to do scheduling on the use of an electrical device DijCostMin Algorithm based on data planning the use of devices electricity or load forecasting entered by users. The method that proposed is a success and effective to reduce energy demand is about 22.69% when peak time and reduce bills of electricity is about 8.38%.

This journal aims to analyze how optimal the performance of WiFI network services, the results can represent the average performance of Internet network services against changes in the value of Quality of Services (QoS) parameters when the highest traffic in the Hotspot Lab IT Laboratory area and Musamus Informatics Engineering Department to support developments in the digitalization era as part of the 4.0 Industrial revolution. Measurement data was got from the results of interviews, observations, and literature studies. Measurement data captured using Wireshark, Fixed Daily Measurement Interval (FDMI) method is the method used in the measurement. The QoS parameters used in the measurement are throughput, delay, and packet loss. Overall, the average value of throughput got is 0.99 MBps. The average value of delay is 124.05 ms is in the very good category according to TIPHON standards. The average value of packet loss is 0.05% with the very good category. The measurement results show that WiFi networks in the Hotspot IT Laboratory area and Musamus Informatics Engineering Department are reliable and meet user needs.

Today, the smart city has become a trend in the world and in the city's governments in Indonesia. The typical geographic condition of the city, municipality and district government in Indonesia is more directed to the governance of island governments that have own factors, challenges and opportunities. One of the visions of the archipelago's government is the Smart Islands vision, which is to make the islands become a smart city with connected islands, integrated, collaborations between stakeholders and improved public services with own local wisdom. However, the readiness level, the actual problems found in the existing conditions are not yet evaluated and measured. In this study, we conducted a smart city readiness assessment with the adoption of the Nusantara Smart Government Model (NS-GM), which was combined with the Model SPBE instrument on Presidential Regulation No. 95 on 2018 as the official regulation of the Indonesian government. We choose 2 case studies as an example of an archipelago's government in Indonesia, namely Ternate City and district's government of Southern Halmahera because the area has the criteria as a government of an island region that has a vision of smart islands. Smart cities readiness assessment results show that 2 case studies that are measured in readiness, are generally still in the pilot stage with values in the 2 towards 3 phase model that we used.

ASSAB 618S steel is a type of medium carbon steel that is often used as a machining tool for the petroleum industry. Based on the observation, it does not work optimally due to high acidity. As a result, there is corruption in the machining tool. In this study, an electroplating process will be carried out as a way to overcome corrosion in machining made of ASSAB 618S steel. The variables involved independent variables, dependent variables, and control variables. The independent variable is the temperature of the electrolyte solution with variations of 55°C to 70°C. The dependent variable is the corrosion rate on the results of electroplating hard chrome coating. The controlled variable is the distance of electrodes with variations of 3 and 9 cm. The data obtained showed that the highest corrosion rate was obtained from the temperature variation of the electrolyte solution of 55 degrees Celsius and the electrode distance of 9 cm, while the lowest corrosion rate was obtained at a temperature variation of 70 degrees Celsius electrolyte and 3 cm electrode distance. The data is in accordance with the theory of corrosion rate that is smaller better. It means that the smaller the corrosion rate, the better the corrosion resistance. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the temperature of the electrolyte solution, the distance of the electrode, and between both interactions give an influence on the corrosion rate of the electroplating hard chrome coating.

Indonesia has a lot of dolomite reserves. Magnesium carbonate can be synthesized from dolomite. One of the main steps that requires a lot of energy are magnesium bicarbonate thermal decomposition. Magnesium bicarbonate solution are heated to make magnesium carbonate as precipitate. One of the ways to improve this process are by using ultrasonic waves as energy carrier. The purpose of this study is to find the effect of ultrasonic waves heating (sonochemistry) to thermal decomposition of magnesium bicarbonate. In this work, the author conducted ultrasonic heating with the amplitude of the waves varied around 20 µm and 30 µm for 35 minutes. Conventional heating using heat plate was also conducted and compared with ultrasonic heating. Higher decomposition ratio was reached on samples heated using ultrasonic waves with the value of 85.70% compared to conventional heating with decomposition ratio of only 50.08%. Amplitude effect on decomposition ratio were also observed. Higher amplitude made decomposition rate faster.

This study discusses the multi-skilled labor scheduling to accomplish all tasks where each labor has different skill to complete tasks than other labors. This case is known as the assignment problem. The objective value is to minimize the number of makespan or the total working time of all tasks until the daily orders (product) are fulfilled. Each labor can only do one task and not all of the labors are hired. We Solve the problem using tabu search algorithm. The characteristics of tabu search algorithm in finding solution are simple and flexible. Out of 100 iterations, the best solution ends at 613,879 seconds. Iteration lasts for 2 minutes and 31 seconds. The solution requires a total of 26 workers. Gluing needs 8 people, Wrapping needs 5 people, Tying needs 5 people, Strapping needs 4 people and Jointing needs 4 people.

3D printing is widely used for various applications as it offers many benefits. The mechanical property of the part manufactured by using 3D printing is very critical. For that reason, it is important to understand how different values of 3D printing process parameters impact the mechanical properties of the part. As Polylactic Acid (PLA) is most widely used as 3D printing material, it is chosen as the material discussed in this research. The purpose of this research is to provide information related to the influence of various parameters of 3D printing to the mechanical properties of the PLA part. A literature review was performed based on the current research that investigates the 3D printing process of PLA. Based on the literature review, the infill design parameters are considered as important parameters and discussed in this research. The infill design parameters referred in this research are layer thickness, infill pattern, infill density, infill width, and infill deposition speed. The mechanical properties discussed in this research are tensile strength and yield strength, ductility, elasticity or young modulus, compression strength, flexural strength, and stiffness.

The need for filaments is currently increasing but the prices offered in the market are very expensive. This research develops a new extruder machine with HDPE material. The high quality filaments are characterized by high durability and constant diameter. The variables used in this research are temperature, screw speed, towing speed and blower. Based on ANOVA processing using Minitab it is known that all variables have no effect on the uniformity of diameter and ovality response. Based on the results of this research that the bottle cap tensile strength (HDPE) has a value of 15.7 so that it is still far below the PLA tensile strength.

In the existing utility services in the Merauke district in the form of clean water sanitation, optimally take place notes. The Lack of Management, Service and Maintenance of Government Affected Municipal Utilities in Merauke. Not to the optimal creation of utility Merauke City is also a problem of clean water utility grid systems in the town of Merauke. On rainy season in Merauke city residents rely on rainwater as a source of clean water. If the dry season is often difficult to get clean water. This study evaluates pre-existing conditions, then analyze and make plan water networks. It aims to improve the conditions and quality of service provision of clean water for city dwellers. The results of this study (1) Networks clean water, has not been even distributed and not yet implemented the maximum care. (2) Before the clean water distribution lines, maintenance on the water network pipes and water filtration devices that are eligible for immediate drinking. (3) Before the location of water sources, water treatment plans, reservoir and pipeline supply networks (see Figure 10), which occur in the even distribution of the optimal distribution.

The building plays an important role in the use of energy in Indonesia. Most of the expenditure of energy in Indonesia is generated by a particular building electricity consumption by households and the commercial sector. electrical energy use in buildings mostly used to create an artificial climate such as air conditioning and lighting. The building was also partially responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and the use of raw materials that are manufactured to material such as sand, gravel and cement. Design Office of Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Merauke try to apply the concept of energy-efficient buildings. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of energy-efficient building concept in the design office Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Merauke. This research is qualitative research phases namely direct observation in the field, videotaped, and the study of literature. The results showed Building Design Office of Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Merauke try to apply the concept of energy-efficient building on the building design by way of setting the basic building coefficient, the orientation of the building, s / v ratio and wide openings made structures. But the use of materials, the use of concrete with sand brought in from outside the area is not considered environmentally friendly The results showed Building Design Office of Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Merauketry to apply the concept of energy-efficient building on the building design by way of setting the basic building coefficient, the orientation of the building, s / v ratio and wide openings made structures. But the use of materials, the use of concrete with sand brought in from outside the area is not considered environmentally friendly The results showed Building Design Office of Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Merauke try to apply the concept of energy-efficient building on the building design by way of setting the basic building coefficient, the orientation of the building, s / v ratio and wide openings made of building. But the use of materials, the use of concrete with sand brought in from outside the area is not considered environmentally friendly.

In big cities thousands of public transportation is very easy to find because it fills the streets and can cause traffic jams. Another case that occurred in Berau District, public transportation was almost non-existent. On the streets private vehicles and transport companies dominate. The number of public transport fleets such as city transportation and buses, is very small in number. Berau Regency has many attractions, but tourists will find it difficult to find public transportation. This study aims to determine the selection of transportation mode choice in Berau Regency using the logit model with the assumed road users choose to use public transport or private transportation. Travel attributes that influence mode choice in Berau district are travel time, transportation costs, space availability, comfort and safety. The cost of private transportation is the same as the cost of public transportation, which is about 79% of people who will still choose to use private transportation. This condition will be achieved if the cost of public transportation is 1.4 times cheaper than the cost of private transportation.

The study of the behavior of embankments reinforced by geosynthetic construction on soft clay soil with and without a prefabricated vertical drain is described. The effect of a pre-loading with stage construction method to construct the embankment, the gain of bearing capacity, as well as the depth of compressible soil was also considered in this study. The limit equilibrium using Bishop and Fellenius methods was used in this study to determine the stability of the embankment. Vertical drain installation, combined with the stage construction method, substantially reduces the number of geotextile reinforcements needed. The number of geotextiles can be reduced by up to twice that compared with foundation soil without PVD. Furthermore, the combined use of geotextile and PVD can improve the performance of embankment height as well as increase the critical height of the embankment with geotextile reinforcements. Without PVD, the embankment will be safe against landslides (without geotextile) of less than 3.5 meters. When using PVD, the embankment critical height can increase by up to 7 meters. This condition occurs when the embankment is constructed using the stage construction method, geotextile reinforcement, as well as PVD installation for soil improvement.

Large urban areas certainly require transportation facilities and infrastructure that reach all corners of the city administration area. Inequality in the number of passengers is unavoidable due to differences in accessibility of each region. One example of the imbalance in the number of passengers is very clearly seen in two large terminals serving Surabaya city routes, namely the Purabaya terminal and the Tambak Osowilangun terminal. This study aims to describe the effect of accessibility factors on the performance of urban transportation with the Osowilangun Pond Terminal route based on passenger perceptions. The method used in this study was a questionnaire survey with 120 respondents. The survey was conducted at the Osowilangun Pond Terminal as a lonely route location for passengers. The analysis shows that the indicator of the lack of public transportation modes that serve the route results in the lack of access to the Ososwilangun Pond Terminal and the impact on the lack of passengers going to the terminal.

The main road that connects the city of Sidoarjo to Surabaya is the intersection of Gedangan. By 2018 it has reached saturation by having a poor service level. More severe conditions will occur in the next 10-20 years. One of the government's efforts to overcome the problem of congestion, damage structure is the construction of flyover or other alternatives by widening the road. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the traffic and to save vehicle operating costs before and after the construction of a flyover at the Gedangan intersection. The method for predicting Vehicle Operating Costs (BOK) is to use PCI method. This study predicts Vehicle Operating Costs (BOK) to determine cost savings. The scenario for predicting BOK is that 80% of the vehicle volume will pass the Fly Over, and 20% still use the existing road. The results showed that the cost savings of Vehicle Operational Costs (BOK) of existing roads compared to the use of flyover in 2019 was IDR 15 Billion. In 2039 the savings are IDR 77 Billion. Another discussion is that if the road is only widened without flyover, then the BOK cost savings in 2019 will be IDR 4 Billion and in 2039 it will be IDR 27 Billion.

This study aims to determine the vegetation efficiency of Canna indica plants and rice husk as a VFCW substrate in the batik wastewater treatment process. The VFCW pilot is made of acrylic with a length, width and height of 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 m respectively. Rice husk is filled as substrate to a depth of 0.3 m. Canna indica is cultivated and acclimatized then be planted in VFCW with 6 plants / units. Batik liquid waste is flowed with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.15 m³/d and variations in hydraulic retention time for 3 days, 7 days, 15 days, 21 days, and 30 days using an intermittent system. The results showed Canna indica proved to have a significant effect (p <0.05) on the removal of all parameters consisting of pH, BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, and heavy metals Cr. Optimal efficiency for all parameters occurred at 21 days HRT which obtained TSS removal values of 91.25%, BOD₅ of 91.82%, COD of 89.15%, ammonia of 96.2%, and heavy metals Cr of 81.8%. Effluents produced through the construction of VFCW with rice husks as a substrate and vegetation of Canna indica are able to meet the standards set out in East Java Governor Regulation No. 72/2013.

One attempt to avoid early pavement damage is to enhance asphalt quality as an aggregate binder. The addition of polymeric materials is frequently used to improve asphalt quality, particularly asphalt rigidity. Increased rigidity will enhance pavement performance against rutting, bleeding, and swelling, particularly in summer with a relatively elevated temperature. This study uses High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) polymer waste as a modifier in a mixture of Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) which also utilizes RAP waste as a coarse aggregate substitute. The aim of this study is to analyse the to analyse effect of waste materials on the AC-WC performance. Analysis was carried out after the Marshall test to obtain the values of air void, Void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), Void Filled with Asphalt (VFA) stability, flow and Marshall Quotient (MQ). Marshall samples prepared with dry method modified HDPE asphalt binder, given a limit on the specifications of the number of each specimen. The percentage of HDPE as asphalt mixture is 0%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2.0%, 2.2%, and 2.4% asphalt weight. The optimum asphalt level (KAO) used is 5.25%. Marshall test shows that the addition of 1.6% of HDPE in the AC-WC mixture and RAP can increase mixture stability by 1.74% and flow by 3.69%.

Walking is a non-motorized transportation option that has a large portion compared to the use of bicycles and traditional transportation. Previously, the quality assessment of pedestrians was only calculated based on their physical form. But now the pedestrian ways are not only seen as a facility to support the human movement but has become a public space. To investigate this, we surveyed Pahlawan Street, Semarang, Indonesia (N=90). The method using is PEQI (Pedestrian Environment Quality Index) which is a quantitative calculation based on the 5 indicators (crosswalk safety, pedestrian traffic, land use, street design, perceived walkability). We find that the most qualified pedestrian way is Segment I East (70.35), though the lowest is Segment III East (50.16). In particular, we find that the percentage of social and optional activity is higher than the necessary activity that been the user choose in Pahlawan Street.

The building price is especially fluctuating every year. The price fluctuations can be caused by several factors, both in terms of material costs and in terms of labor costs. There are several studies discuss the prediction of the budget plan, but not to discuss the most influential cost components in increasing the cost of building a residential house. so that it is not known what costs need to get special attention to be made savings, from this it is necessary to do this research so that the estimator can focus on the largest cost component for alternative swatches so that cost savings can be made. The method used is the method of quantity take-off. As a result, the average salary and material needs for housing are 31% for salaries, while for materials it is 69% of the total cost. The highest order is for the salaries of the first workers, second handyman, third foreman and the last is the chief handyman. Whereas in the most influential cost material is portland cement, both concrete iron, third galvalume frame, and finally aluminum. These prices and salaries need to be considered to make savings in the planned budget for a residential house.

Infrastructure is one of the supporting activities of transportation, such as airports, halte, terminals, and port buildings. The port terminal is one of the transportation infrastructure buildings used by passengers when they travel. The port terminal is expected to be able to provide good facilities for passengers while waiting for transportation. For this reason, it is necessary to do a model of passenger satisfaction on the performance of the passenger terminal in order to know what factors influence passenger satisfaction. The measurement of passenger satisfaction uses the classic assumption test method, and also tests the validity and reliability of the questionnaire submitted to the passenger. From the research that has been done, we get the final model of Passenger Satisfaction on the Service Performance of the Gapura Surya Nusantara Passenger Terminal as follows: Y1 = 62.325 + 0.714X1 + 0.020X2 + 0.040X5 + 0575X6 + 0.218X8 + 0.134X9 + 0.356X11 + 0.550X13 + 0.476 X14 + 0.488X17 - 0.658X19, the model is influenced by nine variables.

Traditional tropical architecture is built using local materials by applying passive design strategies to fix heat problems so the occupants feel comfortable and protected. Over the years, climate change causes rising temperatures and modernization causes the aesthetic element to become important in urban areas. Modern Tropical is a design trend that is now developing after the era of modern minimalist trends which not only tried to solve the heat problem but also the aesthetic problems of tropical architecture. This research aims to evaluate thermal performance in the modern tropical-style house in response to climate change and also how they adapt and modify traditional tropical architectural elements to improve their thermal performance by using the simulation method with the assistance of ECOTECT software. The results showed that houses that adapted and modified elements of traditional modern tropical homes up to 95%, showed better thermal performance. That house can provide thermal comfort for 7 hours and only 31% of percent dissatisfaction. Elements of roofs, openings, sun shading, and local material coatings on traditional architecture are elements that can be adapted and modified in modern architecture. So, tropical architecture no longer looks old fashioned but more stylish while responding to environmental issues.

Commonly house's damage under earthquake is because their capacity inadequate to prevent from collapse, and the masonry wall system is not designed to resist the earthquake force. However, masonry infill wall is commonly used as partition and to separate large area with a purposed. Interaction between frame and masonry infill wall are not good connected to prevent building damage from earthquake. To understand the interaction between frames and infill wall can be simulated by numerical method or by Macro-modelling approach. The purpose of this numerical study is modelled a frame as a single element, a masonry infill wall as a plate element, and an interface between frame and masonry infill wall as an elastic spring. The concept of modelling depends on material parametric provided and the number of elements. Modelling with computational software facilitate to create material element and model and this modelling is conducted by Tohoku-coast NS time history seismic. The result shows the frequency parameter expressively increase from frequency on frame model to frame with infill wall model, or the time period parameter significantly reduce with the addition of infill wall. By the addition of mortar thickness which increased the stiffness also affect the frequency parameter and maximum displacement. The thickness of mortar brought the optimal value to good response is recommended with thickness of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm. The finding is that infill wall gives significant influence on frame response if the interface of frame and infill wall designed with good material characters.

In this study, ALWA made from Styrofoam. Styrofoam is reprocessed by adding acetone solution. The use of acetone is to form styrofoam into harder grains so that it resembles coarse aggregates so that they can be used as substitutes for coarse aggregates in concrete mixtures. Hooked type steel fibers are also used as additives in this study. Steel fibers used are 0%, 0.75% and 1.5% of volume concrete while for the composition of ALWA Styrofoam were 0%, 15%, 50% and 100% for split tensile strength testing, respectively. Concrete composition for flexural strength testing is the optimum composition of the tensile strength test results. The results showed concrete with a mixture of 15% ALWA Styrofoam and 1.5% steel fiber was able to produce optimum split tensile strength, the most optimum tensile strength testing of 5.29 MPa and for the flexural strength test results of 9.47 MPa at maximum load. Addition of steel fibers with a mixture of ALWA Styrofoam is able to make concrete to be more resistant to cracking and more ductile.

In this study comparing two types of simple house forms that were built without using count analysis. The building uses beams and columns that are usually used in a simple house in Indonesia. The modeled building consists of a square cross section and L cross section, also the modeled wall consists of a full wall, a wall with door openings, walls with door and window openings. Modeling using STERA 3D software to model non-engineered building comprise beams and columns and STERA FEM software for modeling walls. Modeling was carried out to analyze building shear stiffness, earthquake acceleration, and wall deflection when receiving loads. The loading in this study uses dead loads and earthquake loads using the time history method. The results of the modeling are the largest shear stiffness of a simple house building with a square cross-section of 35 kN/cm. The maximum land acceleration resulting is 8.72 m/s². The largest wall deflection occurs at a load of 20 kN with a deflection value of 58.83 mm on the wall with door and window openings. The high deflection value is caused by the influence of the width openings on the wall and the load go down to the wall.

The Unesa Ketintang Campus in Surabaya City is in lowland with an altitude between 3-4 m above sea level. Every rainy season arrives in this area frequent flooding. Puddles that occurred in 2013 with a long pool of ± 4 hours. Efforts have been made in 2014 to tackle flooding by raising paving pairs in open fields and roads and making reservoirs of ± 0.6 ha in the Unesa Ketintang Campus environment, normalizing the channel and installing pump houses to support the process of accelerating the reduction of standing water happen. However, still standing water (2014, 2015, and 2016) with a pool of ± 2 hours. The condition of the campus location which is lower than the condition of the surrounding area causes waterlogging and flooding in the study area. This study proposes a flood mitigation model using interconnection of the pump house system to reduce waterlogging, accelerate the water flowing process, and still optimize the operation and function of existing reservoirs. Water pump interconnected Pump House P1 to P8, namely: Unesa I Water Pump House (P1) functions to drain water from the campus area to reservoir campus, then in Unesa II Water Pump House (P2) serves to drain water from reservoir campus, which is flowed south towards the Wonorejo Primary channel through the Water Pump House (P3) and partially forwarded to the north of the Kalimir Jagir Water Pump House (P4), while eastward to drain water from the Wonorejo Primary channel to the Jemursari Prapen Water Pump House (P5 ) serves to help drain water from the Wonorejo Primary channel towards Jagir River, the Water Pump House Wonorejo I (P6) has a capacity of 8.9 m ^ 3 / sec to accelerate the flow of water to the Water Pump House Wonorejo II (P7), Pump House Water Wonorejo II (P7) is used to accelerate the flow towards reservoir Wonorejo, and the reservoir Wonorejo Water Pump House (P8) serves to accelerate the flow of water to reservoir Wonorejo to be forwarded to the sea. Interconnection of the water pump system is able to overcome waterlogging and inundation problems.

In Indonesia, as part of tropical regions, calculating the amount of daily potential evapotranspiration (PET) becomes significant to ascertain the water balance. Applied Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as data-driven modeling in the period of Industrial Revolution 4.0 to develop a better world. Using ANN simplifies the process of modeling the various input climate data to count up the amount of daily PET. There six climate data that will be input in the Modified Penman Method, which are average-temperature, wind velocity, rainfall, relative-humidity, evaporation, and the time of solar radiation. Therefore, for further modeling using fewer input data than typically used in this method, so the high affect climatology data must be known. The methodology is to compare the best model, which has input six of the climate data with the model developed by just five of the climate data. The results of this research are the sequence of climate data that influence the daily PET model from the highest to the smallest: wind velocity, relative humidity, the time of solar radiation, temperature, rainfall, evaporation.

The purpose of the study is finding out the optimal use of coarse aggregates so as to obtain porous asphalt pavements that have high water absorption (porosity) but have a balance in stability and flexibilityThe porous asphalt mixture has a double water absorption (drainage system), which is on the surface that flows out of the shoulder of the road and permeates the pores or the porous asphalt mixture cavity itself.In this research study focused on finding out the optimal use of coarse aggregates so as to obtain porous asphalt pavements that have high water absorption (porosity). From the research, it is gotten the average results between the differences in the use of coarse aggregate diameter and Marshall volumetric characteristics indicate that for the Optimum Asphalt Level values, all meet the specifications of genera that produce KAO values of 7.3 percent. From the graphical observations, it can be concluded that all volumertic calculations and asphalt characteristics using coarse aggregate diameter differences concluded that the use of coarse aggregates 2 centimeter in diameter met the specifications of porus asphalt with a mean value: VMA = 48.12 percent, VIM = 4.86 percent, STABILITY = 897 Kilogram, WEAK = 3.54 milimeter, and MQ = 260.11 Kilogram / milimeter.

Land functions as a supporting medium for all living activities. The problem that is often encountered is the level of soil stability at each location is different, for this reason the following research is used to determine the parameters of stable soil density when soil structure composed of clay components added 10% of sand from the total weight of the specimen with different diameter variations using proctor testing. The density properties of clay soil after the addition of brantas sand with size variations passed the sieves number 8, 10, 16 and 20 amounting to 10% in perfect solid state the structure of the original soil specimens showed an γd value of 9.61 gr / cm3, in addition of sand 10% with a diameter passing through number 8 shows an γd value of 10.44, at number 10 shows a value of γd 11.77, at number 16 shows the value γd 10.97 and in number 20 shows a value of γd 11.55. the addition of sand to the expansionary structure with low stability can improve the level of stability of the soil structure. Moreover, the addition of sand with a no. 10 sieve diameter shows the value of dry volume density γd of 11.77, the value shows the above average density parameter - average of several other test objects.

In the process of construction and post-construction, various problems can often be encountered, with one of them being damage to the concrete which can cause weakening of the concrete structure or damage to the concrete structure. Therefore, the need to prevent such damage by analyzing the causes of damage can be minimized. This research was carried out in collaboration with the contractor, where the first step taken was direct observation and interviews with the implementing contractor. By aiming to get primary data and secondary data so that data conclusions can be made and knowing the causes of damage to concrete structures in the construction phase can then provide advice on preventing damage to concrete structures that can be done. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the potential causes of damaging the concrete structure in the construction phase were problems with the height of the fall of casting, errors in construction, execution, vibrators, and errors in the installation of begisting.

Concrete which is generally used for building needs must reach the age of 28 days according to SNI to achieve the maximum compressive strength value from the plan. Along with the development of developmentthere needs to be research where concrete is planned so that it can achieve the compressive strength that is planned and has a higher quality even though it has reached the age of 28 days, this study uses Sikacim® Concrete Additive and Master Ease 5010 as additional material to obtain compressive strength values wanted. The results of the research conducted at the University of Civil Engineering Laboratory were attended by K-300 concrete planning using additional material Sikacim® Concrete Additive and Master Ease 5010, from the results of the above studies can be seen the compressive strength when 7- day concrete concrete has reached the compressive strength the average value of 251.56 kg / cm² from there is the role of additives that function to accelerate the hardening of the concrete. Furthermore, for 28 days old concrete has exceeded the planned target of reaching an average value of 316.44 kg / cm². And the last concrete test when it was 56 days has a value of increase that is high enough to reach an average value of 3 34.22 kg / cm², here the role of the second additive substance begins to be seen where when the concrete is over 28 days still has a fairly high increase.

Concrete is a component that has an important function for buildings, both in the form of buildings, housing, highways, and other public facilities. The use of concrete, which is getting longer and higher, also has to maintain the quality of the concrete. One of the problems in concrete is the problem of compaction, the existence of cavities in concrete is a problem that if left unchecked will be fatal, concrete that has an automatic cavity will also reduce the value of concrete compressive strength, concrete compaction usually uses a vibrator or vibrator, but in reality the use the vibrator is used in a random way and does not have a fixed time rule, so the concrete is not evenly packed. This study discusses the compressive strength of concrete are produced with a mixture of the same sample but with different rules vibration time s ehingga find the time to achieve the maximum compressive strength of concrete. For the average value of the highest compressive strength produced by concrete withthe duration of Concrete Mix At 30 minutes and vibrator For 5 minutes with strong average value press concrete reaching 202.67 kg / cm². While the value of the lowest compressive strength is produced byconcrete Durationof Concrete Mix At 30 minutes and vibrator For 10 Minutes above can be seen strong average value press concrete reaching 158.22 kg / cm²

Increasing population, residential and land development of the narrow lead to flooding or waterlogging during the rainy season. Based on the author's observation that this occurs as a result of population growth and settlement. Areas that were once as a rain water reservoir and the water reservoir tidal inland transformed into residential areas and development centers of economic activity, and social services. The residential area of Merauke teacher education road is low-lying areas and densely populated, thus increasing the flow of water entering the waste stream. Based on the calculation of discharge, obtained Qk = 79,586,978.48 m3 / sec. The magnitude of the flood Q Qb = 24,488,511, 58 m3 / sec obtained high discharge may cause flooding in the residential area of teacher education path Merauke. So it is necessary to increase the dimensions of the existing channels in order to cope with flooding during the rainy season.

The number of buildings or constructions which are at the planning or implementation stage can not be allowed to avoid land base in the form of clay, then, of course, it takes geotechnical engineering to solve the problem by improving the native land so hopefully not happen settlement or deformation. Awareness of the importance of the soil remediation process before building construction on it be an idea to use bamboo as a material provision of soil reinforcement. This research was conducted with the full-scale reinforcement and the raft bamboo poles on the ground with a mounting base plate and observations settlement every day. From the results of modeling on the field at the U-50% condition waiting period ranges from 10-14 days, on the condition of the U-90% the waiting time ranges from 40-55 days, on the condition of the U-95% the waiting time ranges from 53-72 days and the condition of the U-99% the waiting time ranges from 83-115 days. Based on observations in the field, the final drop-readable embankment around 545 mm with a time of consolidation U-90% for 59 days. The results showed that retrofitting with bamboo raft poles can reduce the decline to 60.70%.

Mopah airport has one runway that is supported by an apron which is located at a distance of 472 m from touch down to the size of 18.560 m². Apron between the runway with two lines connected to the taxiway. One of the airside facilities Mopah Merauke airport is the runway strip that serves as a countermeasure state of emergency when the air out of the runway failure when landing or taking off. the objective of this study is to redesign the runway strip by evaluating geometric, cut and fill and CBR in Merauke Mopah Airportusing KP. 39 in 2015, KP. 93 The year 2015 and KP. 576 in 2011. The data taken is the carrying capacity of the soil and ground elevation using test equipment Theodolite and Dynamic Cone Parameter. Results of testing the design of the runway strip Merauke Mopah Airport with dimensions of the runway with a length of 2500 m and a width of 45 m with the code type "4.C", obtained the runway strip width of 150 m plan right side and the left side of 150 m. CBR value of research in getting 9.93% which comply with minimum CBR value that is 6%, and a transverse slope of the runway strip elevation plan by 0.8%, to meet the slope of the runway strip elevation plan of each cross-section the importance of the volume of cut and fill with amounting to 174,205.00 m3 to 3008.80 m³ excavation and embankments.

One of the most common inhibiting factors in the archipelago is the lack of availability of material resources and human resources. One of the options is the use of lightweight concrete precast using materials around the islands. The local material which is widely distributed in North Maluku is pumice but it has not been used maximally because so far it has only been used as pile material. This study aims to analyze the effect of partial substitution of pumice on fine aggregate in a concrete mixture. This research was carried out experimentally in a laboratory using UTM and divided into 2 stages. Stage 1, designing and analyzing concrete mix using pumice compared without using pumice, Phase 2 testing using concrete beam dimensions of 600x150x100 mm with an inter load of 150 mm. Beam test results show that the limited use of pumice in a concrete mixture does not greatly affect the strength of normal concrete beams, as indicated by the deflection value and strength of concrete blocks that are almost as large.

Sand beach has been widely used at the archipelago as fine aggregate in concrete mixture. Sand beach's is available in huge quantities in many country side but the quality still needs to be investigated before using in construction. Sand beach can drive to corrosion on the steel reinforcement thus damaging the building. Previous studies have shown that bamboo has good tensile strength and flexural strength. This study aims to examine the use of bamboo as an alternative reinforcement in concrete beam made from sand beach's as fine aggregate. Sand beach of loto is one of three quarry sources chosen as a fine aggregate in making test specimens reinforced concrete beams as subjected study. Concrete beam specimens consist of 12 beams with 10x15 cm and a length of 120 cm of size. control beam (BN) was made from normal aggregate with steel reinforcement. the Variation of beam specimen (BF1, BF2, BF3, BF4, BF5) was made from sand beach's fine aggregate with bamboo reinforcement. Bamboo that applied as concrete beam reinforcement was Wulung bamboo kind that have about 3 years of age. bamboo's tensile test results were obtained average tensile strength is 185 MPa. The flexural test for all beam's specimen was carried out with two-point loads to determine the amount of deflection that occurs in each beam. Analysis of relations of load-deflection was carried out to each beam specimen from the experiment result. test results showed that the bamboo reinforcement worked as well expected and no splitting occurred, so that the bamboo reinforcement appeared broken when ultimate strength exceeded. The maximum strength was obtained in BF5 beam specimen with an ultimate load 21,5 kN. Flexural test results show that on beams with steel reinforcement tends to occur flexural cracks while on beam with bamboo reinforcement also found shear cracks.

The material resilience and shape of Dutch buildings in Indonesia is very famous. This is evidenced by the establishment of buildings in the present. The resilience of material and shape of Dutch buildings was also found in noble homes with typical Colonial architecture in Ternate which was the object of research. The research method used is descriptive by comparing data in the field with literature studies and explaining elements in buildings such as walls, floors and frames. The conclusion that was achieved knew the resilience both in terms of building material and the shape of a house building with colonial architectural style in Ternate

East Halmahera Regency in North Maluku Province is a district rich in natural resources in the form of mining products. Therefore, one of the leading sectors is mining. As an industrial area being developed by the Ministry of Industry, regional development has also increased and is affected by various factors, one of which is the performance of air transportation that provides access by helpingbusiness travellers and tourists come to East Halmahera faster and more comfortably. Currently, the aircraft operating at Buli Airport are of the ATR 72-600type. It is considered necessary to improve the service capabilities to meet future demands and support the air traffic flow to and from the economic gateway of East Halamahera. Additionally, this study aimed to ascertain the number of passengers who will use Buli Airport in 2032 and assess the dimensions of airside facilities including runway, taxiway, and apron that will be used by the Bombardier CRJ 1000 Nextgen planes. From the data obtained, we could estimate andmake predictions about the demand and availability in the future. The datawas analyzed using three (3) trend analysis methods:least Squares, quadratic and exponential. One of the best trends was selected based on the smallest value of the sum of square error that wasthen used toestimate the number of passengers and aircraft in 2032. The analysis results estimated the number of passengers in 2032 using the quadratic method and obtained a total number of passengers of 50548 per day,while the corresponding number of aircraft was as many as 861, with two movements daily. The design results showed the need for the runway to be 2271 m, 149 × 15 m taxiway, and widening for the apron 97 × 75 m.

This research discusses to study and to analyze speedboat and Fast Boat users on the Ternate-Sofifi route and seeing preferences for choosing mode changes in travel costs, trips, itineraries and frequency of trips. The research activity carried out publishes the initial survey and the main survey through the distribution of questionnaires prepared by the method stated a preference. This research was conducted on 120 respondents and collected as many as 98 who met the requirements (valid). These questionnaires were distributed during field surveys directly on port speedboats and fast boats in the city of Ternate. The results of the questionnaire were further processed to obtain the characteristics of respondents and the model of a quick ship and speedboat ship mode selection. The purpose of the trip is mostly official travel for quick ship users and family / social needs for speedboat users. While the reasons for choosing the crossing, mode are considerations for quick ship and frequency reasons for speedboat ship users. Mode selection models between quick ship and speedboat ship obtained in the form of linear equations are: U_Q sho - U_S1 sho = - 4,356 - 0.00000787X1 + 0.545X2 + 1,275 X3 - 0.067X4. With 4 attributes, they are: X₁ = Travel expenses., X₂ = Travel time X₃ = Travel schedule and X₄ = Frequency of Reception. Results Measurement of the percentage of all attributes (R²) obtained a value of 42.7%.

There are three thousand kilometers of six thousand three hundred kilometers were occured abrasion in coastal area, in North Maluku. Those accidents caused by natural disaster such as big waves from seashore. In order to avoid that risk natural disaster for living safe, local government must to construct a dike. However that construction is often built on the deposit soft soils in lowlands. In which, a required stability of it's dike on the soft ground must be satisfied to support loads. Recently, the traditional way is mostly familiar to increase soil stiffness for embankments, which used local material such bamboo pile. It is pile material installed into soft ground before construct an embankment. Therefore, the study aims is focused on observation of the required renforcement force of the ground after installed with bamboo piles which investigated by full-scale test. Finally, the reliability performance of required reinforcement force of soft ground with bamboo pile, which is derived by several empirical equations.

The systematics of analysis process can be done by compiling some algorithm, based on the accuracy from the parameter. This research objective is to find and analyze mathematical models for noise pollution on arterial roads due to high traffic volume. Data are collected during on site surveys in West Surabaya by using manual traffic counter for recording light vehicle volume and Digital Sound Level (DSL) for recording the noise levels. Least Square Analysis Method is used to find the optimum mathematical model based on the highest value of R² using polynomial of degree one (linear function), degree two, degree three, and degree four. The result shows that the polynomial of degree four obtained the highest value of R² = 0.733 and the value of standard error = 2.8933, with the result that can be used as a reference to represent the condition of noise levels on that region.

Noise pollution often disturbs the people surrounding. The noise levels caused by traffic volume of automotive vehicles is one of the common causes. In order to examine the correlation of automotive vehicles with noise levels, this study implements linear and multiple regression methods into six case study locations in West Surabaya region that has dynamic of both economy and society. This study concludes that based on the obtained R square results, heavy vehicles (HV) has 70,80% of influence contribution with noise levels on the case study locations. It indicates that HV has the largest part in influencing the noise pollution compared to motorcycle (MC) and light vehicles (LV) that has 66,63% and 30,21%. On the other hand, for every 10% of MC, LV and HV volume increasing, the noise levels also increase by 1,726%, 2,032%, and 1,733% respectively. The correlation of MC, LV and HV vehicles with noise levels is represented in dB = 0,0025mc – 0,0056lv + 0,56hv + 49,539 of multiple regression model.

Water is the source of human life. Therefore it is necessary to make optimum use of it to preserve existing water sources. Raw water demand is influenced by high population growth. The need for raw water in Nunukan Regency is increasing from year to year. Raw water needs in Nunukan Regency are met by utilizing water sources from rivers, wells and rainwater. The available water sources is limited, while the population of Nunukan Regency continues to grow. Therefore, to meet the needs of raw water in Nunukan Regency, a reservoir is needed in the area. One of the elements that must be analyzed in the reservoir design is the hydrological potential that exists including the inflow that fills the reservoir, storage capacity, and flood discharge plans. The analysis results obtained that the volume of water that can fill the reservoir is 0.235 × 10⁶ m³, while storage capacity is 0.013 × 10⁶ m³. Flood discharge plan with a 100-year return period of 4.701 m³/second.

Supply chain management strategies can be used to collaborate between members of the supply chain through supply chain collaboration (SCC). Supply chain collaboration can be made using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM is a statistical modeling technique to test the relationship between complex variables to obtain a comprehensive picture of the overall model. The method in this study is included in the type of causal research, where the population involves all ICON + employees from the group leader level to managers and employees who have and know the process of procurement of goods and services. The size of the sample is based on the maximum likelihood, which is greater than or equal to 100. The results of this study show 6 hypotheses proposed by the researchers. The result is 1 non-significant variable as a factor affecting supply chain collaboration, namely the Trust variable, while Communication, Commitment and Dependency have a significant influence on collaboration supply chain, the results of this study also answer research gaps previously carried out by (Stefany et al., 2014) which state that dependence has no significant effect on supply chain collaboration.

This study aims to determine the effect of using silver nanoparticles on electrodes to measure standard glucose solutions using the voltammetry method. In this study, silver nanoparticles were used which have been present and have been synthesized and characterized by using the extract agent of water extract of Myrmecodia pendans and AgNO₃ as metal precursors. Detection of glucose with variations in concentration characterized by limit detection obtained a concentration of detection limit of 4.53 mM and sensor sensitivity of 1.91 A.mM⁻¹1.mm⁻².

This study aims to improve the cognitive abilities of students of High School 3 Merauke through the use of the Edmodo application in blended learning on the learning of hydrocarbon material chemistry. This research is a classroom action research. The object in this study is the students' cognitive abilities. The research subjects were students of class XI MIPA 7 High School 3 Merauke. The results showed that the use of Edmodo applications in blended learning on the learning of hydrocarbon chemistry material can improve students 'cognitive abilities with the percentage of classical completeness of students' cognitive abilities reaching 76.47% in cycle I and 85.29% in cycle II.

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is one of the product from coconuts. VCO has many benefits in health and industry. One method of making the VCO is often used today is the fermentation. Today many domestic industries produce virgin coconut oil (VCO) but in fact, the industry has not been all good in terms of quality. The use of activated carbon from candlenut shells as an adsorbent to increase the quality of VCO has studied. The parameters tested were water content, free fatty acid, and peroxide. The results showed a decline in water levels from 0.1655% to 0.0597%, peroxide number decrease from 0.1991% to 0.0991%, and the free fatty acid content of 0.4186% to 0.366%.

Amylase is a hydrolase group enzyme used in many industrial areas which operate on high temperature. Amylase can be yielded from various organisms. The most common producer of Amylase is Bacterium. Bacterium can live in many extreme environment like hot temperature environment. One of the sources of hot water is Jailolo Bay in North Maluku, on that account it requires to conduct the isolation of thermophile amolytic bacteria from the hot water source of Jailolo Bay in North Maluku Moluccas North and test its amylase activity. Water sample used in this research was taken come from the hot water source with temperature of 75°C and 6,1 water pH. This research was done by isolating the bacteria, by packing 1 mL of the water sample into an add-on medium. Then 1 mL microbe culture was disseminated to a jelly medium and incubated for two days at the temperature of 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C. The resulting Bacterium colony was then processed qualitatively into the amolytic bacterium test in the jelly medium containing 1% sago extract with Iodium. Isolates yielding wide, transparent zone in each incubation temperature were identified. Identifying the bacteria was conducted with colony morphology test, biochemical test, and the coloration of Gram. The α-amylase enzyme activity test was relied on the amount of reduction sugar (maltose) which was produced by the extract hydrolysis with DNS method using maltose as standard. The result of the research shows that the source of hot water in Jailolo Bay, North Maluku has potency to yield thermophile amolytic bacteria. The amount of isolates bacteria obtained was 68 isolates from the temperatures of 40°C, 50°C and 60°C each resulting 36, 18 and 14 isolates bacteria. Three chosen bacterium isolates (big transparent zone) from each incubation temperature are isolates 51Y222 ( 40 °C), isolates 52B23 ( 50ºC) and 52YA ( 60ºC) which owns each transparent zone of 9,11 cm; 9,13 cm and 9,20 cm. The microscopic characterization result of Gram coloration indicates that those three isolates are included as the positive Gram bacteria and in form of bacillus. Based on the colony morphology observation macroscopically, microscopically and according to the biochemical test result, isolates 51Y222, 52B23 and 52YA represent bacterium of Bacillus sp. Amolytic enzyme activity of 51Y2₂₂, 52B2₃ and 52YA is each 157,75 mU / mL; 124,07 mU / mL and 1315,61 mU / mL

Polyanthes tuberos mostly used as cut flowers, with limited time, many flowers become rotten and wasted as garbage, sought another alternative to the utilization it is an essential oil, with distillation process to produce essential oils. The results obtained in the distillation process are each adsorbent giving the results of a mixture of vegetable fats and animals with a moisture content of 0.2169%, the amount of water content indicating the level of hardness of adsorbent. The essential oil obtained crystal clear yellow, a very strong distinctive smell of them, did not leave the place on the filter paper and the results obtained 4.279%. The distillation process is a good technique for the acquisition of essential oils from it is with a water content of 0.11%,

Indonesia has many food crops that can be optimally developed. The developing of cocoyams tuber can be done to improve the economic value. The production of maltodextrin by modifying starch using the α-amylase enzyme. Maltodextrin is used in the food industry as a substitute for food, thickener, and fillers. So far, many starch-modified products was resulted from cassava tubers. The starch of cocoyams (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) can be developed as maltoodextrin. The cocoyams starch content 50.82% and amylose 18.18%. The aim of study was to produce maltodextrin from cocoyams tuber. In this study using the α-amylase enzyme by treating the volume of the α-amylase and incubation time to hydrolyze the cocoyams starch. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was volume of the α-amylase (0.10 mL, 0.12 mL and 0.14 mL) and the second factor was the incubation time (60, 90, and 120 minute). The best treatment were volume of α-amylase 0.14 ml and incubation time of 120 minutes. The best maltodextrin characteristic of cocoyams was moisture of 4.51%, DE 14.46, solubility 78,90%, reducing sugar 12,50%, starch 4,24%, amylose content 1,95%, swelling power 8,86 (g/g) and yield 96,85%.

Cow bone is one type of solid waste that has not been utilized. This waste materials, contains a lot of calcium phosphate. When reacted with sulfuric acid it will form calcium sulfate. The research aimed to find the speed constant value of calcium sulfate formation reaction from cow bone powder with batch sulfuric acid. A 200 mesh cow bone powder is dissolved in water to form a saturated solution. This saturated solution was taken as much as 500 ml then reacted with 4 N sulfuric acid as much as 100 ml, stirred with stirring speed of 200 rpm, with temperature and time according to the variable being run. After reaching the studied condition, the filtrate is separated by its sediment. The precipitate was analyzed for the content of calcium sulfate. The variables studied in this study were reaction temperature (65°C. 75°C, 85°C, 95°C, and 105°C) and reaction time (15, 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65 minutes). The results showed that the reaction follows a pseudo first order reaction, obtained by the equation k = 3.09 e ^-9735.5/T.

Paper and pulp industry factory is a factory that contributes to national economic development because paper needs per year can reach 100 million tons. But not only the positive impact is given, the negative impact is present because it produces considerable waste. The paper industry's liquid waste is one of the many wastes containing a lot of metal, for example hexavalent Pb and Cr heavy metals. It is necessary to reduce according to government standards in order to reduce negative impacts on the environment. One way to reduce Pb and Cr levels is ion exchange using cation resin 500 ml paper liquid waste mixed with cation resin at a volume and weight ratio of 10: 0.0017; 10: 0,0034; 10: 0,0068; 10: 0,0136; and 10: 0.0272. Mixing is done with a 190 rpm stirrer motor and the variation of time used is 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. The best treatment at a ratio of 10: 0.0272 with a time of 20 minutes. The results obtained by Pb and Cr decreased by 94% from the initial level.

Red Mussels is a food ingredient that is quite popular in East Java. However, the content of heavy metal (Pb) red mussels is quite high above the threshold that is permitted for human consumption, which is below 1.5 ppm. Therefore, the presence of high Pb levels must be reduction according to the specified threshold. The research was conducted in two steps. The first step, Red mussel's extraction using Tamarind solution. Tamarind contains organic acids, one of which is citric acid which acts as a metal binding agent so as to reduce the metal content. The second stage of extracting red mussels uses pure citric acid, then the results are compared. The optimum results obtained at the time of extraction and concentration using tamarind was 60 minutes and 25%, the effectiveness of citric acid in tamarind was 98.89% (initial Pb 17.19 ppm to 0.25 ppm) while pure citric acid was 99.97 % (Initial Pb 17,199 ppm to 0,004 ppm).

The β-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a calcium phosphate compound also called whitlockite. This form is more widely used because of its chemical stability, high mechanical strength and better bio-sorption when compared with α-Tri-calcium-phosphate. β-tri-calcium phosphate in this study was obtained from reactions of calcium oxide and phosphoric acid by precipitation method. Precipitation at 50 °C while sintering at 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, in the sintering range of 1-5 hours. Green mussel shell has calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content 60-70 % then calcined at 1000 °C to get calcium oxide (CaO). The result shows that β-tri-calcium phosphate optimum reached of 72% at sintering temperature 1000 °C for 5 hr sintering time. The crystal structure of β-tri-calcium phosphate formed is a rhombohedral crystal with a Ca / P ratio mole of 2.72

Calcium phosphate compounds are one of the biomaterials that are widely used for bone reconstruction because they are biocompatible and have a chemical composition that is close to the inorganic components present in the bone. Two types of calcium phosphate that are widely applied to the bone reconstruction process are hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀ (PO₄) 6 (OH) ₂) and β-Tricalcium Phosphate (Ca₃ (PO₄)₂). This research develops the manufacture of β-Tricalcium Phosphate by reacting calcium compounds derived from chicken eggshells and phosphate sources derived from dinatrium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) using precipitation method which is carried out with variations in sintering temperature 600 to 1000 °C and sintering time of 1 to 5 h. The results of X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the Ca / P ratio obtained was 1.74, at the sintering temperature of 1000 °C and the sintering time for 5 h. These results have approached a standard where the ratio of Ca / P on Tricalcium Phosphate is 1.5. While based on the results of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis that in the sample formed two types of Calcium Phosphate namely β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite so that it can be said that the product produced is Biphase Calcium Phosphate. The high percentage of β-Tricalcium Phosphate is 81.9% with the 3 highest peaks, namely at the angle 2θ of 27.83; 31.03; 34.42 is obtained at the sintering temperature of 1000 °C and at the sintering time is 5 h.

Table salt that meets Indonesian National Standards (SNI) have a high sodium content of around 60% so that it is not suitable for consumption by people with hypertension. The reduction in the size of NaCl and KCl salts is carried out in a range of 30; 40; 50; 60 Mesh and the mass ratio of NaCl and KCl is provided at 1: 3; 1: 2; 1: 1; 2: 1; 3: 1. The results showed that there was a decrease in Na concentration in table salt products. The product composition is carried out with AAS and XRF analysis. Products that approach SNI 2016 salt diet is at a particle size of 40 mesh with a mass ratio of 1: 3 where the NaCl content is 54.40 % and the KCl content is 40.33 %.

Vinasse liquid waste in this study obtained from the ethanol industry which has organic load of COD of 202,232.14 mg/L and BOD of 32,911.47 mg/L. Aeration is used to operate the activated sludge process unit to remove BOD from wastewater in the aerobic microbial method. The research was conducted by conditioning 3L of vinasse wastewater at pH 7 by adding 1 N NaOH, then the acclimatization process was carried out for 24 h using activated sludge with concentration of microorganisms is 13.578 gr/L and 5 L/min of air flow rate in the aeration tank. The processing of vinasse wastewater 3L at pH 7 was carried out on the addition of acclimatized activated sludge microorganisms with quantity 13,578 through 40,734 mg and aeration times in the range of to 2 through 10 h. Removal of organic matter from vinasse waste by activated sludge can be associated with the growth of microorganisms. The results showed that the addition of 40,734 mg of microorganisms for 8 h of aeration obtained the COD removal of 69.273 %, and BOD of 96.652 %.

The purpose of this study to describe the need for developing LMS-based blended learning models of applied mathematics using Schoology, and 2) to obtain a draft LMS-based blended learning model using Schoology. The development used the Thiagarajan 4-D model, and Semmel in 1974 with several modifications, namely: 1) Define, 2) Design, 3) Develop, dan 4) Disseminate. Currently the development stages 1 and 2 and part of stage 3 are being implemented. The implementation is in the engineering of the Bali State Polytechnic (BSP). Data was collected using survey methods, and questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the analysis get: 1) student attitudes toward mathematics are very positive, learning interests are moderate, 2) learning motivation is high; 4) learning independence is high. Characteristics of the blended learning model: based on constructivism learning theory, using synchronous blended learning format, applying problem-based learning (PBL), using LMS schoology, supported by multi-media learning media such as video and audio learning media. Variation in the number of face-to-face and online time in semester, 50% face-to-face and 50% through e-learning. The evaluation is process and results with a performance assessment approach based on a portofolio and self assessment. An average expert assessment of 36.8 (valid) is feasible to use with several minor revisions.

The abundance of cassava cultivation production in Indonesia needs to be balanced with the use of cassava itself to be a source of alternative food as rice subtitute. In this research was done the drying of tubers grater which was cassava to be dried into flour. This drying used a mechanical dryer which was a pneumatic (flash) dryer by using the heat recirculation method (the heat produced from drying was reused). The drying in this research was carried out with a variation of 2 air openings, which were openings for air speed (blower) and openings in the heat recirculation pipe. For openings in the blower, this research used 2 variations of openings, which were openings 50% (air speed 0.0603 m/s) and openings 75% (air speed 0.0768 m/s). For openings in the recirculation pipe, 4 variations of openings were used, which were openings 0% (without recirculated the heat), openings 25% (the heat returned was only 25%), 50% and 75%. The drying time was based on how long the material was in the duct drying. The results showed that, by doing heat recirculation, the value of heating and drying efficiency would increase. The drying in air recirculation 25% could increase the value of drying efficiency for about 5-6%, while in air recirculation 50% could increase the efficiency value for about 3-4%. The value of the heating efficiency of this research ranged from 57-86%. The drying rate constant of the cassava grater moisture content ranged between 0.16 to 0.194%/second.

The observation station of the study is placed at one point of Tlogo Ampel River in Wonokoyo Village, Kapongan Subdistrict, Situbondo Regency with location of 7°70'44 "South Latitude and 114°08'99" East Longitude. Tlogo Ampel River is one of the rivers that through the settlement of society and industry so that naturally experience of degradation of water quality. Sampling is done every month by the related institution that is Sampean River Basin Management Institute. To predict the value of water quality is needed mathematical model change the water quality of Tlogo Ampel watershed. The research parameters included pHysical properties (Temperature and TSS), organic chemical properties (pH, BOD, COD, DO, PO4P and NO3N) as well as microbiological properties (total coli and fecal coli). The results show the Polynomial equation of order 6 for parameters: temperature, TSS, pH, BOD, COD, DO, PO4P, NO3N, total coli and fecal coli respectively are : y = 0,0002x⁶ - 0,0078x⁵ + 0,1203x⁴ - 0,9031x³ + 3,4485x² - 6,2299x + 27,595; y = -0,0027x⁶ + 0,1591x⁵ - 3,1236x⁴ + 27,249x³ - 108,22x² + 157,53x + 46,997; y = 0,0002x⁶ - 0,0085x⁵ + 0,1342x⁴ - 1,0398x³ + 4,0441x² - 7,4089x + 12,505; y = -0,0002x⁶ + 0,0032x⁵ + 0,0302x⁴ - 0,9626x³ + 6,8118x² - 16,907x + 17,482; y = 0,0005x⁶ - 0,0328x⁵ + 0,7417x⁴ - 7,2595x³ + 31,838x² - 55,407x + 47,365; y = -0,001x⁶ + 0,0406x⁵ - 0,6408x⁴ + 4,9244x³ - 18,785x² + 31,901x - 11,853; y = -1E-05x⁶ + 0,0005x⁵ - 0,0098x⁴ + 0,0897x³ - 0,3839x² + 0,6547x - 0,0902; y = 0,0004x⁶ - 0,0143x⁵ + 0,1694x⁴ - 0,9131x³ + 2,3917x² - 3,2352x + 4,1306; y = 0,0035x⁶ - 0,269x⁵ + 6,3886x⁴ - 67,262x³ + 337,4x² - 741,18x + 612,7; y = 0,0011x⁶ - 0,0963x⁵ + 2,2449x⁴ - 22,035x³ + 100,4x² - 193,42x + 140,76

This study examines the elements of culture, especially the manufacture of pottery of Mlaten Trowulan, East Java Indonesia. It can be used to review the mindset of the Majapahit tribe from the point of view about the pottery artisans show how to make make the pottery to the next generation craftsmen. This research is a qualitative research with ethnography method. The results showed that there are 25 types of pottery which has a symmetrical geometric shape. The artisans show how to make the pottery to the elementary school student with some techniques, such as rotating, plating, pushing, and twisting. All techniques have been taught by learning by doing method. The symmetrical pottery model can be obtained from rotating a function f against the x-axis. The function f is obtained from a three-point cubic interpolation with its midpoint as the peak point. In order to develop another pottery model, another transformation function can be used.

Statistical reasoning is one of the focus of statistical learning at this time. Statistical reasoning is needed by students to understand the concept of statistics, to process information, and to draw conclusions both in statistical learning and in daily life. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that aims to describe the level of statistical reasoning of high school students who have low mathematical abilities in solving statistics related problems in each statistical process, namely the process of describing data, the process of organizing and reducing data, the process of representing data, as well as the process of analyzing and interpreting data. The subjects in this study were two high school students of grade XII who had low mathematical abilities based on the math skills tests that had been given. The results showed that both subjects in the process of describing data successively reached level 2 (Verbal Reasoning) and level 4 (Procedural Reasoning). Meanwhile, in the process of organizing and reducing data and the process of representing data, the first and second subjects both reached level 1 (Idiosyncratic Reasoning), while in the process of analyzing and interpreting data, the first and second subjects both reached level 1 (Idiosyncratic Reasoning).

The research objective is to describe the effectiveness of online-based learning to train students' critical thinking in physics teacher training programs. The elements of critical thinking are: analyzing, evaluating, implementing, generating ideas, and expressing ideas. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a time-series design. Effectiveness is seen from the ability to train the elements of critical thinking and student responses. Manipulation variable is online-based physics learning and the dependent variable is an element of critical thinking. The research subjects were 40 students of the Physics teacher training program at Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The elements of critical thinking and student responses are assessed using a Likert scale. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze data. Learning is effective if the average value of critical thinking elements ≥ 3.1 (scale 0-5) for each module is discussed with a fixed or upward trend. Student responses are effective if the percentage is ≥ 61%. The results obtained: 1) the average score of critical thinking elements ≥ 3.1 2) The percentage of student responses ≥ 61%. These results indicate that online-based learning can effectively train students' critical thinking in the Physics Teacher Training Program and get a positive response.

The Project Based Laboratory Learning (PBLL) model is designed to improve the process skills of physics teacher candidates who meet practical and effective criteria. The model was developed using the Plomp design through the preliminary study, prototype stage, and assessment phase. The study design used one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 32 grade B and 32 grade C physics students who were programmers in Unesa's laboratory. Data is collected through assessment of observation, tests, interviews, and questionnaires. Data is analysed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistics, N-gain and paired t-test. The results of the study show that: (1) the PBLL model developed is included in practical category because the component model can be implemented in learning activities well, without significant constraints. (2) The PBLL model developed is included in the effective category because the student's process skills are improving in the medium criteria and students respond positively to the device and learning process. The implementation of the PBLL model needs to be expanded to provide greater support for the practicality and effectiveness of the model. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the PBLL model developed is practical and effective to improve the process skills of physics teacher candidates.

This article develops mathematical models with structural stages from predators, immature and mature predators. The predation function of mature predators follows the Holling II response function. We assume that the immature predator population has the economic value, therefor the harvesting function is included in this model. In this model an analysis of the equilibrium point and stability of the interior equilibrium point is carried out. Analysis of the stability of the interior equilibrium points is done by linearization method and pay attention to the eigenvalues of the characteristics of the Jacobi matrix obtained. Analysis of equilibrium point stability is carried out before and after harvesting. The result is obtained by each of the three equilibrium points. At the equilibrium point of the interior with stable harvesting a local maximum profit analysis is obtained from the exploitation business. Based on the results of the analysis, it is obtained the value of harvesting business which provides a stable equilibrium point and maximum profit.

Mathematics teaching is a learning process gives an understanding of mathematical concepts for students. The basic concepts of mathematics must be embedded well in each student so that understanding concepts at an advanced level can be easily mastered. Mathematics teachers play an important role regarding the problems faced by students when learning mathematics in class. A math teacher in addition to having the ability to master mathematical concepts well, is also required the ability to manage the class so that students can understand the concept well and learning achievement is in the high category. Mathematics is a subject consisting of great ideas that are connected to each other so that understanding cannot be separated because each concept will contribute to the other concepts. Most students still say that mathematics is a difficult and uninteresting lesson, therefore, a teacher needs to apply specific strategies used in the mathematics learning process so that it can change students' perceptions of mathematics into an interesting and easy lesson. The use of technology can help teachers and students learn mathematics, for example the use of GeoGebra software. GeoGebra software has the benefit of being able to make geometric paintings that are fast and precise compared to using paper and pencil and the existence of animation facilities provides a clear visual experience for students and teachers. One of the geometry concepts is to construct a flat triangle, in this study the discussion is to determine the special lines on the triangle using GeoGebra software and then determine the intersection of the special lines of the triangle.

In digital images processing, there are three types of edges based on intensity changes. Namely, step edges, ramp edges and edges noise. An edge is defined as a set of pixels where there is an abrupt change in colour intensity over distance. On-ramp edges where gray levels change slowly, the Gradient Method is able to detect better. On step edges where the intensity or gray levels changes very quickly the Laplace method is able to detect better than the Gradient Method. In this study, three images were used as samples and identified the type of edge of each image. Furthermore, edge detection is performed with the first derivative operator Canny and the second derivative operator Laplacian of Gaussian. The results indicate that for step edges LoG provides better results, whereas for ramp edges Canny detects better. However, by selecting the right threshold that matches the σ (standard deviation), Canny is also capable to provide good edge detection results. The greater the σ value, the threshold was chosen must be small so that the results obtained are good and easily interpreted. The Canny operator produces a thinner edge and a firmer boundary between objects and between objects on the given sigma = 1 value while the LoG operator corrects better, especially on the steep part of the value σ = 2 compared to the value σ = 1.

This study aims to improve student achievement through the application of realistic mathematical education assisted interactive multimedia. This research used classroom action research, carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observing, evaluating and reflecting. The stages of implementing learning begin with the delivery of concrete examples of integer problems, making concrete models up to formal forms of mathematics about integers. The results showed the percentage of students who met the minimum completeness criteria of 71.87%. After improving learning in cycle 2, there was an increase in student achievement of 28.13%. The percentage of students' achievement in cycle 2 has reached 100%.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of learning habits and gender on the mathematics learning achievement of students using multiple linear regression approaches. This type of research is quantitative with an approach ex post facto. The population used in SMP Negeri 1 Merauke students, class X and XI with a population of 625 students consisting of 322 male students and 303 students. The sample used by the propositional stratified Random Sampling technique was obtained ie 150 samples. The analysis used uses a significance level of 5%. The results obtained are: (1) there is a significant effect of learning habits and student mathematics learning achievements; (2) there is no significant effect of gender on student mathematics learning achievement; (3) there is no simultaneous influence of learning habits and gender on students' mathematics learning achievement. The results of the analysis using multiple regression approaches indicate learning habits provide a positive and significant influence on learning achievement. Students who have good and regular study habits will see that the lessons received are not so difficult to understand, because of the good readiness beforehand. Whereas for gender there is no significant effect. This is because there has been gender equality applied in school. Equality of conditions for men and women to obtain opportunities and their rights as human beings, to be able to play a role and participate in activities at school. Thus it can be concluded that the factors that influence the mathematics achievement of junior high school students for Merauke City are learning habits. The better and regular student learning habits, the students' mathematical achievements will increase.

This research aims to develop decision making models for Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) with Adaptive Interval Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AIVFAHP) and Adaptive Interval Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference of Similarity Ideal Solution (AIVFTOPSIS) integration methods by constructing a decision-making model using trapezoid fuzzy number. The strength of the AIVFAHP method is to consult the value of logical consistency in the assessment. This logical consistency is to calculate the assessor and determine the costs in multi-criteria decision making. AIVFTOPSIS is based on the principle that the chosen alternative should be close to a positive ideal solution and far from the ideal solution. Contribution of this research is to conduct a research of decision making with Adaptive Interval Value Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (AIVFMCDM) and to improve interval points by modifying the midpoint and degree on the trapezoid fuzzy number function. This modeling provides more accurate, more effective linguistic representation and flexible in determining the point of the interval for optimal results. The research produced a new decision-making model based on the Adaptive Interval Trapezoid Fuzzy Number (AIVTFN) and recommendations for improvement of e-learning indicators.

Vertex coloring on a graph ^{G = (V (G), E(G))} giving color for each point on the graph so that there are no two connected directly the same color. A vertex coloring f from graph G is called coloring Backbone - λ of ^(G,H) if fulfilled ^{|f(υ) – f(ν ≥ λ)|}. The smallest number k where there is backbone coloring ^{f: V → {1,2,3,...,k}} is called several Backbone coloring - λ and denoted by^BBC_λ^(G,H). A graph used in this research is a split graph. This paper presents the process or steps to determine coloring number λ-backbone on a split graph. As for the steps is as follows: determine split graphs, give 1 example of Spanning subgraph (Backbone) containing subgraphs complete maximum of split graphs and contains Hamilton trajectories and give a point coloring on the Hamilton trajectory backbone of the split graph.

Sagittaria lancifolia is a plant that can be used as a phytoremediator. This study aimed to determine the effect of phytoremediation in various concentrations of a detergent solution, a different detention time and interaction both on levels of LAS, BOD, leaf morphology and chlorophyll content. Method using an experimental with randomized block design with three factors of each treatment with three replications. Analysis of data using ANOVA two directions and continued test of Duncan. The results showed that the average percentage reduction in the levels of LAS on the most optimal planting medium is shown at a concentration of 75 ppm detention time of 14 days at 81.53%, the average BOD is best contained at a concentration of 10 ppm to 14 days detention time of 25.55 mg/l and lowest average chlorophyll content was shown at a concentration of 75 ppm detention time of 14 days amounted to 14.433 mg/l. Chlorosis and necrosis highest concentration of 75 ppm is shown in 14-day detention time.

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is one of environmental concerns of mining activities and need to be prevented. One of AMD prevention method is passive method by blending PAF Material with Non-Acid Forming Material. One of constraint often faced by mining companies is the limitation of NAF material. Other Non-Acid Forming Material that is available and abundant near mine site is fly ash from Mine-Mouth Coal-Fired Power Plant Banjarsari. The Study of usage of fly ash as a blending material with PAF material in order to prevent AMD is deemed necessary. Different blending simulations of varying PAF material size (fine and coarse) and varying fly ash-PAF Material ratio (2:1; 1:1; and 0,5:1 by weight) are made and leachate water from kinetic test is physically and chemically tested. This study result shows that variation in OB-Claystone grain size is not influencing the acidity of leachate water. Blending FA with OB-CS with minimum ratio of 1,12:1 (by weight) is effective to prevent AMD generation. Acid-base equilibrium is met when ratio of mole-transfer between neutralizing mineral (periclase, lime and gypsum) to acid-generating mineral (pyrite) is 1:1 (by weight). The higher ratio of FA in blending, the lower oxidation and alkalinity-production rate. Rate of oxidation of pyrite and alkalinity-production rate is the same at OB-CS and FA blending ratio of 1:1,62 (by weight).

Mining company open pit method, with mining selective system, target production of 3,600,000 tons / year, using the tools excavator sany PC 365 and the tools load ADT dump truck komatsu HM 400 To achieve the predetermined production results, analysis of the factors that affect the production, one of which is the amount of time wasted, due to the influence of time constraints, standby time, and the time of repair of the excavator and dump truck. The effective time of work used by the operator is the time available 12 hours per shift per 1 day, but the reality on the ground of the acquisition of effective time is 6, 67 hours or 56% for excavator and 6.59 hours or 55% for dump truck, Match factor (The number that shows the comparison between the production of loading equipment and the hauling unit served) is MF <1, which means that the conveyance is always busy, while the loading tools has idle time.

Heavy metal contamination in soil is often a problem in living organisms. The efforts to control heavy metal contamination in soils can be done by using living organism. The phenomenon of the uptake, accumulation and storage of heavy metals in the plants' body is known as phytoaccumulation. Phytoaccumulation research of copper metal has been carried out with application of material waste i.e. sawdust, charcoal and compost used by Ipomea reptans. The analytical method used is atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the impact of the application of organic waste material curbed the influx of copper into Ipomea reptans with the phytoaccumulation ability to control plants, sawdust, charcoal and compost of 231.1, 229.7, 196.1, and 152 mg/kg. The bioaccumulation factor value in each application is 0:33, 0:26, 0:34 and 0:19 respectively. There were significant differences between the phytoaccumulation ability of copper metals done by Ipomea reptans.

Mining water is one of the main problems that has a great importance on mine productivity. In mining implementation, it is necessary to study the Mining Water (Hydrogeology) system to support a good mine design. The Mining Water drainage system is a method for making work sites in the mining area always dry. Prior to mining, hydrogeological analysis and rainwater management methods are carried out. Calculation of rainfall intensity using Gumbel Probability estimation and water capture area analysis obtained CA-1 Q = 915, 35, m3 / day CA-2 Q = 1149, CA-3 Q = 141116, 01CA-4 Q = 1407.89, the form of rainwater trapping channels in the form of trapezium and pump requirements in each catchment area of 1 (one) pump each.

Deposits modeling is a very important thing in the exploration field, especially in estimating reserves. This research was conducted to model the geometry of lateritic nickel ore deposition on heterogeneous blocks using the geostatistical estimation method Ordinary kriging (OK) and simulation methods namely, Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) then the distribution of laterite zonation was carried out to calculate the resource and mineral resource classification based on estimation data and simulation. The estimation results using the OK method have an average value of Ni higher than the average Ni grade from the SGS simulation results. Analysis of the calculation of total tonnage of resources from the estimated OK data shows the total amount of measured tonnage of 5,875 tons is far lower than the amount of resource tonnage from the SGS simulation data which displays the total amount of tonnage measured 189,766 tons. However the average grade of Ni from measured OK Resources is 1.49% higher, compared to the average Ni grades from measured resources of SGS 1.33%. with a difference of 0.16% Ni grades. The opposite occurs when the average Fe grade of the measured OK resource is lower 24.15% compared to the average Fe grade of the Measured resource of SGS 32.81% with a very large difference in Fe grade of 8.66%.

This research is aimed to recognize the chemical composition, type, and main mineral morphology that are consisted in Batu Angus. The analytical methods used are X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electronic Microscopic (SEM). The result of the research showed that the chemical composition of Angus stone consists of silicone mineral and iron. The kind of silicone mineral is identified as mineral quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite while the iron mineral is identified as maghemite. The silicone mineral morphology has tetragonal, cubic, orthorhombic, hexagonal, and trigonal geometry shapes.

Semen diluents need macromolecules to protect sperm from the impact of temperature during storage and the presence of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of adding yolk from different types of eggs to the quality and integrity of the sperm membrane. Fresh semen was diluted with basic tris-soya diluent wich was added with different types of chicken egg yolk, such as local chicken eggs and leghorn chicken eggs. As a control group, fresh semen was diluted with basic tris-soya diluent without the addition of egg yolk. The addition of egg yolk was 20% of the diluent volume. Quality observations include motility and viability of sperm. Sperm motility was observed using a microscope with 200 X magnification. The sperm viability was observed using the eosin and negrosin staining method, then it observed under a microscope with 200 X magnification. The integrity of sperm membrane was observed using the HOST method, and then observed under a microscope with 200 X magnification. Free radicals then observed with MDA test. The results showed that the motility, viability and membrane integrity of sperm only lasted until the 12 hour of storage, with the greatest motility, viability and membrane integrity obtained in diluents with the addition of leghorn chicken egg yolk. The smallest MDA test was 2.72, which obtained from diluents with the addition of leghorn chicken egg yolk. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the leghorn chicken egg yolk has the best ability to maintain the quality of Senduro Goat sperm during 4-5°C storage temperature.

Fermetoge is fermented feed produced from fermentation of water hyacinth and corn cob mixture, commonly used as cattle feed in East Java, Indonesia. Fermetoge is composed of these cellulose-contained materials easily degraded by cellulase enzymes produced by fungi during fermentation. This study was aimed to isolate fungi from Fermetoge and screen their ability in degrading cellulose. Ten fungi isolates were found from fermetoge, three out of which indicated high cellulolytic activity. The three of them were identified based on partial ITS 1 and ITS 4 gene sequencing as Rhizophus stolonifer, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium sp., with similarity level of 95%, 100%, and 89% respectively. Isolation and identification of fungi from fermetoge can give insight into cellulose-degrading fungi species to be studied for further developing starter culture and improving the quality of starter-base fermented feed.

Nest sites were used special place of swiftlet bird. Nest of swiftlet bird are usually dificult to reach place. This study want to know the potential for nest sites in a swiftlet bird house. Four types of different nest sites were installed at nesting and roving room, made by wood, bamboo, aluminium, concreate at the swiftlet bird house. And then, the breeding swiftlet birds using the different nest sites type were recorded during the breeding season for finding the effectiveness of four different nest sites type. Nest-site with the different material were installed using materials made of wood, bamboo, aluminium and concrete. The resulats were that 25 % (n=6) for wood material, 41.66% (n=10) for bamboo, 29.66%(n=7) for aluminium and 4.16% (n=1) for concrete From this result, the breeding swiftlet bird showed preference for better better bamboo material for nest-site when there were abundant in nesting room 83%(n=20)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of turmeric extract in ration to reduce fat of broiler. Ninety-day old chicks randomly divided into five treatments: T1 is group received basal diet (control), T2 (0.02% of turmeric extract); T3 (0.04% of turmeric extract); T4 (0.06% of turmeric extract), and T5 (0.08% of turmeric extract). Each treatment consists of three replications and each repetition consist of six chickens. This research using a completely randomized design. The parameters of research were carcass weight, abdominal fat weight and the percentage of abdominal fat. The result of this research showed that turmeric extract had significantly effect (P<0.05) to increase carcass weight (T1: 1476,7 g; T2: 1503,8 g; T3: 1577,0 g; T4: 1633,7 g; T5: 1605,0 g), to reduce abdominal fat weight (T1: 34,33 g; T2: 30,69 g; T3: 27,03 g; T4: 26,96 g; T5: 25,92 g) and the percentage of abdominal fat (T1: 2,33%, T2: 2,04%, T3: 1,72%, T4: 1,65%, T5: 1,63%). The result showed addition turmeric extract on ration increased carcass weight and decreased abdominal fat weight and the percentage of abdominal fat.

Kondang Merak beach is one of the beaches on the southern coast of Malang district, East Java, which is used as a fishing area and marine tourism destination. Beachs in the south of the Java island has a profile is relatively steep, the substrate of coral, and wavy large, it is the influence on water quality and diversity plankton. This study aims to identification of plankton diversity and abundance in the intertidal zone of Kondang Merak beach. Sample taken using transect method at 8 stations. Each station consists of 3 substations namely the upper intertidal zone, the middle intertidal zone, and the lower intertidal zone. Samples were taken at three times different, ie morning, noon, and night, using net plankton no.25. Plankton diversity was analyzed based on Shanon-Wiener diversity index calculations and relative abundance Odum. The results of the study showed that in the intertidal zone of Kondang Merak beach, found out of 43 types of plankton were consist 29 species phytoplankton and 14 species zooplankton. Index diversity of plankton 2.59 included moderate category. The most abundant is Diatome, relative abundance 19.81%, followed Oscilatoria and Closteriopsis longisima 8.47% and 17.57%. The quality of waters still suitable for sustaining life plankton temperature 26.2-29.45°C, brightness infinitely, Total Suspended Solids 0.321-0.488 g, pH 7.8-8.0, salinity 35°/_∞, DO 4.08-6.10 ppm, BOD 0.622-0.994 ppm, and CO₂ 20.29-39.45 ppm.

Micro greens are vegetables harvested at a very early age, harvesting is done when cotyledon leaves and a pair of new leaves appear. Plant growth phases include germination, micro greens, baby greens, and mature in greens. This research aimed to determine the quality of microgreens broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) that are water content, total chlorophyll, and dietary fiber due to the influence of planting media and coconut water nutrition. Broccoli microgreens are planted at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, UPN "Veteran" East Java in November-December 2018. Analysis of water content using drying method(thermogravimetri), chlorophyll analysis using spectrophotometry method, and analysis of fiber content with Enzymatic-Gravimetric method. The data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the post hoc test LSD 5% and HSD 5% and correlation regression between parameters. The results of the study showed an increase in the quality of parameters and there was a close correlation between parameters. Correlation value of water content and total chlorophyll (r = 0.81) with a regression equation y = 1.907 × - 143.2, water content and fiber content (r = 0.84) with regression equation y = 2.628 × - 235.3 and total chlorophyll and fiber content (r = 0.88) with the regression equation y = 1.178 × - 32.05.

Surface water contains organic matters from human activities, discharged industrial wastewater, and generated from microbial activities in water body. Persulfate is one of the strongest oxidants and could be used to oxidize organic matters. Fluorescence excitation emission matrices is one of the qualitative methods to identify organic matters properties, instead of chromatography and ultraviolet visible detection. The objective of this study was to identify dissolved organic matter in source and treated water by using peroxidation activated persulfate followed by coagulation. Sampel was analysed by using fluorescence excitation emission matrices (FEEMs) to assess its properties. The results showed that Activated persulfate has a good performance as pretreatment, in order to oxidize organic matters, further the coagulation is suitable treatment to combine with peroxidation activated persulfate. Those treatment resulted lower fluorescence intensity in all regions, including aromatic protein, fulvic acid-like, soluble microbial products, and humic acid-like.

Algal photobioreactor is a translucent reactor equipped with media supply installation and gas emissions to cultivate microalgae with CO_2. Alga as an autotroph organism, growth mechanism following photosynthesis system which use light exposure to develop and growth the algae cells. There are abiotic, such as light, and biotic factors. This study analyses the performance of Chlorella sp. within intense light intensity (6, 12, 18, and 24 hour) variable with using UV fluorescence. The environment condition and growth rate were analysed of microalgae in the photobioreactor. R reactor control have reducing performance to remove phosphate concentration. Nevertheless, is not clearly explain the direct connection between nutrient and light intensity. Algal growth influenced by the intense of light intensity (hours exposure), and likely will affect to nutrient concentration in the photobioreactor. Light intensities in this research is not directly affect to algal biomass production, while the light intensities might be low to enhance the biomass.

Pollution of Surabaya River from year to year is increasing, the increase in pollution is the main problem of Surabaya River which is caused by the entry of most of the liquid waste from industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities. Continuous pollution can reduce water quality for rivers and creeks. One solution that can be applied to reduce the level of pollution is by calculating the capacity of pollution loads. This research was conducted to find out the quality of Kali Surabaya and tributaries of Surabaya River and the calculation of pollution load capacity with the QUAL2KW model. The study analysed the parameters of DO, BOD, COD, and phosphate. From the results of the study, the water quality values for Surabaya river and its branch were above the Class I quality standard Government Regulation Number 82 of 2010 and from the calculation results obtained the maximum capacity values BOD load were 23-1355 kg/day, and COD load were 23-6830 kg/days, while phosphate load were 2,5-125 kg/day.

The development of technology could facilitate individuals to access information, solve problems and communicate. This physics education research, the author wants to convey the impact of utilization quantitatively and qualitatively scaffolding of computer packet Instruction (SCPI) on students' problem solving performance. SCPI learning packet consists of material, Check your knowledge, feedback and evaluation buttons. The research method used is a mixed method embedded design. The participants in this study were 32 students in class X MIA 1 ISLAM PUJON SMA MALANG. Students consist of 10 male and 22 female. The study was conducted in the even semester of the 2017/2018 school year with topics of work and energy topic. Quantitative data analysis through calculation of N-gain test, effect size test and paired t-test. Based on Quantitative analysis results, the use of SCPI media could have a positive impact on students' physics problem solving performance. This result is supported by data on the increase in pretest and posttest values. The statement was also supported by students 'responses in filling out the online questionnaire that there was an increase in independent learning capacity after SCPI was implemented in the concept of solving students' physics problems.

A Satisfying evening flower (Polianthes Tuberos) is done concurrently as cut flowers, so that many flowers are rotten and wasted as garbage, the other utilization as essential oil. The influence of adsorbent and texture type Polianthes Tuberos to essential oil yield. The results showed that each adsorbent gave the yield of a mixture of vegetable and animal fat with a water content of 0.21%, the amount of water content indicates the hardness degree of the adsorbent. The essential oil obtained clear yellow, smells typical a very strong of them, does not leave spots on the filter paper and the yield obtained 4.279%. Enfleuration technique is a good technique for the intake of essential oils from flowers

Curcumin that is extracted from Temulawak (curcuma zanthorrizha) is a natural source of antioxidants. It can be added in palm oil to reduce the destruction caused of heat in frying process. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor, each repeated 3 times and to know the difference was used the DMRT test. The research was conducted in two stages. First stage is to determine the best concentration of curcumin added into palm cooking oil (0 ppm, 300 ppm, 600 ppm, 900 ppm, 1200 ppm) while the second stage is to test the stability of curcumin in palm cooking oil used to fry for four times of frying. The results of the study showed that the best curcumin extract addition is concentration of 1200 ppm, where the cooking oil has characteristics iodine value of 60.790 gr I₂ / 100 gr, peroxide number 1.033 mEq / Kg, free fatty acid 0.076%, moisture content 0.061%, smoke point 193.33C and antioxidant activity 62.469%. The results of the stability of curcumin extract on palm cooking oil during the fourth frying process were iodine value 60,509 gr I₂ / 100 gr(0.36% decrease), peroxide number 1,798 mEq / Kg (59.39% increase), free fatty acid 0.096%( 12.94%increase), moisture content 0.245% (218.18%increase), smoke point 174,0⁰C (6.70% decrease)and antioxidant activity (DPPH) 56,092%(6.93% decrease).

This work presents a study of structure and the magnetic behavior of Fe3O4 nanoparticles produced in the extraction process and Magnetic Nanoparticle of Fe3O4 coated by graphene oxide (GO) from natural materials of coconut shells (graphite). Preparation of the core-shell composite Fe3O4@Graphene was carried out with ex-situ process. Superparamagnetic analysis of Fe3O4, and Fe3O4@Graphene using VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer), structure analysis using HRPD, TEM and adsorption of dyes solution in the drink water. Obtained results, along with the thickening of the skin (Graphene that encloses the core particles (Fe3O4), the saturation of the magnetization (Ms) decreases. And the amount of GO composition affects the coating decorated (shell); Fe3O4/Graphene absorptivity increases when walls are thinner.

Many people have conducted research related to the thin tubes as energy absorbers. The response of the specimens when receiving axial loads at low-velocity impact and high-velocity impact has been carried out by many researchers. In this study, the effect of impact velocity on the response of specimen reaction forces and the factors that influence on thin aluminum tube specimens with fixed impact energy will be examined.

The specimen used in this research is a thin aluminum tube with an outer diameter of 32 mm and a thickness of 1 mm with a length of 120 mm. The axial force is the impact of the impactor steel with varying mass adjusted to varying velocities with a fixed impact energy of 785 Joules. The response of reaction force from specimens, maximum deformation in each specimen and deformation mode was observed at each increase of impact velocity. Modeling of the experiment is prepared by the Finite Element Method using the ANSYS 19 Academic Version.

The results of the study confirm that the higher the impact velocity on fixed energy, the greater the maximum reaction force. On the other hand, the smaller the maximum deformation. In general, there is a change in deformation mode, which is non-axisymmetric at low speeds and axisymmetric at higher speeds. The axisymmetric deformation mode affects the maximum deformation to be smaller, and the maximum reaction force becomes more significant at fixed energy. In this study, it was found that at an increased impact velocity of 140 m / s to 150 m / s there was a change in deformation mode from non-axisymmetric to axisymmetric.

This paper presents the performance analysis of different cogeneration system based on proton conduction SOFC (pSOFC) as main core system in the intermediate temperature. The cogeneration system such as heat recycle steam generator (HRSG) and micro gas turbine (MGT) also compared. The new design to remove heat from stack also proposed to enhance the overall system efficiency. The results show the pSOFC cogeneration combined with HRSG has higher system and overall efficiency than combined with MGT. However, additional power output is produce when combined with MGT. So the option must be correctly chosen and depend on the customer demands. Finally, with new system design of cogeneration system, it is possible to achieve an overall efficiency greater than 81% and 80% when pSOFC combined with HRSG and MGT, respectively in the intermediate temperature.

One of heat exchangers now commonly used in industries is shell and tube heat exchanger. The design of heat exchanger process is a major thing and is important in obtaining the effectiveness of the heat exchanger work, including the design of its baffle gap. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of baffle gap against the effectiveness of the shell and tube heat exchanger with helical baffle type. The object of this experimental study is a shell and tube type heat exchanger with variation in the baffle spacing, which are 4 cm, 8 cm and 12 cm. The type of baffle used is helical baffle. This study obtained the data by measuring the temperature of fluid entering and exiting, using thermocouple installed in various points of inlet and outlet fluid channels, and then analyzed descriptively. The results shows that 4 cm baffle gap leads to largest effectiveness which is 39.86% with a heat transfer rate of 4867.4 Watts. The 8 cm baffle gap has the effectiveness value 35.23% with the heat transfer rate of 3,709.12 Watts and then baffle gap of 12 cm leads to the lowest effectiveness, 29.59% with a heat transfer rate only 3301.21 Watts.

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus obesus) is one of the most important and most caught fish in the eastern Indian Ocean off west Sumatera and has extensive migration. To develop an appropriate prediction model and to understand the contribution of oceanographic parameters in the potential habitat of Yellowfin tuna, remotely sensed data and habitat modeling were used. Daily data of sea-surface temperature (SST), sea-surface salinity (SSS) and sea-surface height (SSH) were downloaded from the marine copernicus website, meanwhile fishing vessel position for Yellowfin tuna were obtained from fishing port Samudera, Bungus, west Sumatera, from January through December 2015. Daily fishing vessel position and environmental parameters were used for maximum entropy model construction. The model predictive performance was then evaluated using a threshold-independent metric, the area under the curve (AUC) metric of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Maximum entropy model results (AUC > 0.90) indicated its potential to figure out the spatial distribution of Yellowfin tuna. In general, SST (50.5%) is the most affective variable in the Yellowfin tuna distribution, followed by SSS (37%) and SSH (12.5%). This study showed that integration multi remotely sensed data and a modeling approach provide an innovative way to decide the potential fishing zones of the Yellowfin tuna in the eastern Indian Ocean off west Sumatera.

This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness on Domestic Recharge Wells that named (SPAHUDO). It's designed as one of the output of long-term research (2013-2025) on the Model of Groundwater Conservation Program through Ergo-Hydrogeology approach. It synergized the hydrogeology approach, which is more focuses on the technical data of hydrogeology and geotechnical, while ergonomic approach is focuses on human aspect included in the research process, design, and product. The technical assessment of the effectiveness of SPAHUDO was conducted by using the basic formula of both hydrology and geotechnical, confirmed by user based ergonomic approach. The synergized between technically and human aspect is very important for sustainability of the implementation of SPAHUDO.

The compound of acetoin (3-hydroxybutan-2-butanone) is a volatile compound produced by bacteria that functions as a booster for plant growth or as a biostimulant. Acetoin plays an important role in stimulating the process of organogenesis (morphogenesis) plants so that the formation of plant organs faster and faster plant growth. Besides being able to increase the growth of acetoin, it can also induce plant resistance, increase the formation of branches, roots and flowers so that acetoin can increase plant productivity. The purpose of this study was to identify acetoin-producing rhizobacteria which can stimulate rice growth. Identification of compounds was carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This study obtained one rhizobacterial isolate capable of producing acetoin which acts as a plant growth booster, namely Rg21. This rhizobacterial isolate was able to increase the number of lateral roots of rice seedlings at the age of 14 days after plants with a percentage increase of 50.00% when compared to controls.

Bananas besides being a superior fruit plant in Indonesia, banana plants can be utilized as animal feedstocks, The results showed that the administration of banana stems as animal feed did not have a negative effect on the appearance of young sheep, and even showed more nitrogen in comparison with sheep receiving control rations. Banana skin can be used as a substitute feed for livestock, especially in broilers. Banana skin has been used as poultry feed, a mixture of banana peel and coconut pulp with a ratio of 2: 1 can be used up to 15% substitute for corn in broiler feed. Banana skin fermented with probiotics can increase crude protein content by 14.88% and rough seats by 11.43% which is good for broiler growth. Drought that occurs every year is the main limitation of the growth of banana plants. Drought in plants can result in slow leaf area increase and influence on the rate of photosynthesis so that it can reduce productivity and growth of plants. PEG 6000 was used as an effort in early detection of genotypes from plant varieties that tolerated drought stress. So far there has never been a study of plantain feathers against drought stress using PEG 6000. So this research is interesting to do. This research was conducted to obtain candidates for plantain plantain which are tolerant to drought as animal feed

This research aim to know the effectiveness of using chemsketch on the teaching molecular shape of hydrocarbon to increase student achievement. Hydrocarbon is very interesting to be discussed. Technology utilized need to solve this problem which is by using chemsketch. Chemsketch implemented by powerpoint. Research conducted in SMAN 5 Medan sample that used consists of two classes, that consist of experiment class and control class. The average pretest score in control is 33.33 and posttest score is 73.03. Percentage of passed students post-test is 69.70% from 33 students only 23students. While experiment class average pretest score is 32.12 and posttest score is 81.21. Percentage of passed students post-test is 85.71%, from 35 students only 30 students. The gain percentage between the post-test score in the experiment and the control class is 16.01%. The result showed that chemsketch with PowerPoint effective to increase student's achievement in hydrocarbon and suitable following industrial revolution 4.0 to prepare student face globalization era education.

The purpose of this research is to know the efficiency of irrigation networks and water loss Swamps the Mayo that occurred during the distribution of irrigation. Research methods used in this research is a research field that is by calculating the discharge of water channels, perkolasi, evaporation and seepage. The research results obtained average discharge early in the primary channel of 0.292 m³/_s, the final discharge 0.25 m³/_s, the loss of water, 0,042 m³/_s and the efficiency of irrigation of 85,62%. On the secondary channel 1 average early discharge 0.268 m³/_s discharge, 0.153 m³/_s end, water loss of 0.115 m³/_s and irrigation efficiency of 57,08%. On the secondary channel II early 0.22 m³/_s debit, debit end 0.118 m³/_s, water loss of 0.102 m³/_s and irrigation efficiency of 53,63%. Irrigation efficiency at Mayo swamp irrigation is 46.39% where the value still meets the KP-01 (2013) Irrigation planning standard.