Table of contents

The 9th International Seminar on New Paradigm and Innovation on Natural Science and Its Application

October 22, 2019

Semarang, Indonesia

Preface, Conference Photographs, Statement, List of Referees and Editors, List of Speaker and List of Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The ion wind drying method has been used to dehydrate potato slices with a variation of electric power and a constant drying time of 30 minutes. Ion wind drying is generated by an electrohydrodynamic flow reactor using 10 x 10 pairs of pin electrodes and multi-ring concentric electrodes connected by a DC high voltage. The high electric field in space between electrode causes ionization of air at the atmosphere condition which is produced ion flow together with heat transfer, and radical ions which are used for drying. Power in the reactor during drying is influenced by the input voltage and the measured current obtained a minimum value of 10 Watt and a maximum value of 60 Watt. Ion wind drying in the sample slices found also the value of the level of drying, shrinkage, humidity, and energy consumption which increases with increasing power at the reactor.

To evaluate the waste process incineration, a mass, and energy balance is employed to investigate the waste incineration process in a fixed bed. Thermodynamics equilibrium is implemented to describe the incineration process. The complete combustion is only products CO₂, H₂O, SO₂, ash, and excess O₂ considered. The mass balance calculates the total mass flow in and out incinerator. Energy balance includes input heat, evaporating heat, chemical heat, radiation, and convection. The input heat is calculated by considering the heat capacity, temperature, heating value, and total mass flow. Evaporation heat is calculated based on the water content, mass flow of each aqueous, and evaporation hot water flow. The result shows that efficiency energy of waste incinerator up to 79,33%. It means the incinerator is included in the good category.

This paper presents the implementation of the Python programming language and the Open CV library in medical image processing. Medical images play an important role in identifying diseases and detecting whether organs are functioning properly. Image processing related to medical images is an active research field where various techniques are used to facilitate diagnosis and various image processing techniques can be used. In this study, image processing was performed including image preprocessing, histogram equalization, smoothening, erosion, and dilation. The use of python was chosen because this programming language is open source with a lot of available resources. The open CV library is also available free of charge and provides tons of image processing functions. The software can also be installed in a small Raspberry Pi computer and low electrical power usage making it very suitable as an efficient resource of the medical image processing system.

This paper presents the image processing implementation in Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is a system built-in and is a low-cost computer that can be used to reduce system complexity in real-time applications. For programming, it's very good to use Python. Raspberry pi has a Camera Slot Interface (CSI) to interface the camera with Raspberry Pi. Low contrast images captured using the Raspberry Pi camera module can be scaled up first to identify specific image regions. The most important processing is the removal of noise as a result of noise disturbance during image acquisition on the camera. Due to its small size, which is about the size of a credit card and its lightweight, raspberry pi is very suitable for use as a portable medical image processing system. Besides that Raspberry Pi also consumes low power.

Study of interaction between MJO and Monsoon and their impact on the extreme rainfall over the Maritime Continent (MC) until now not yet fully understood due to the limitation of data observation. However, there many techniques to derive the extreme rainfall from the satellite data, especially for GSMap (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation) that already designed with good spatial-temporal resolution. In this study, we have investigated the interaction between MJO and Asian Monsoon when they are interactive simultaneously. By taking the Makasar city as a sample of big floods over South Sulawesi dated January 22, 2019, we found a good agreement between MJO, Monsoon, and their impact on the extreme rainfall in that time. We applied four techniques, namely; temporal, spatial, Hovmoller, and PSD (Power Spectral Density), respectively. Then, we found the MJO in phases 4 and 5 were responsible for the occurring of big rainfall over South Sulawesi. For this reason, we suspect the development of the MJO index model, especially for phases 4 and 5 when passing over South Sulawesi is very important for the next investigation.

Volcano disasters are one of the natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia, one of which is Merapi. The impact of the periodic eruption of Mount Merapi is a major threat to the safety of the population periodically. The large eruption cycle of Merapi Volcano occurred in 1587, 1672, 1768, 1822, 1849, 1872, 1930, 1961 and 2010. The results of the 1988,1998 and 2011 studies showed the increasing number of magmas which can be observed from the dimensions of the magma chamber. The structure changes are predicted from phreatic eruptions in 2013, 2014 and 2016, whereas in 2018 and 2019 occurrence of pyroclastic flow. The research of gravity changes used observed gravity anomaly in 2019 as the first step of time-lapse Merapi activity analysis. The number of observation points was 100 with reference to the same position in 2011. The results of observed gravity anomaly changes are increasing mass in the summit area and decreasing mass in the southeast, west and the north of research areas on the elevation of 500 m to 1400 m.

A study of light polarization as a new alternative test of cooking oil quality today provides an advantage in biophysics and other fields. In this research, we determined the relation between polarization and fatty acids composition of soybean oil. The light source was a green pointer laser with λ = 532 nm, and the electro-optics polarization was produced through high DC voltage 0-9 kV across the sample. The results show that natural polarization and electro-optics polarization give different physical meanings in relation to oil fatty acid composition. The natural polarization informed that the increasing polarization was caused by increasing poly-unsaturated acids and saturated acids in asymmetric triglyceride molecules. It was accompanied by the decreasing polarization due to the increasing monounsaturated in symmetric triglyceride molecules. While the electro-optics polarization described that all fatty acids contribute to the increasing polarization due to increased induced dipole from all acids.

In this paper, we present a method for identifying a person with a biometric-based on face geometry. This person identification system design has been done using face biometrics by implementing feature extraction of distances between facial features. Face biometrics were chosen because they have unique characteristics and do not change in each person. In this method, a system analysis that separates the face image into face components, including the eyes, nose, and mouth on the face image is taken from the front view position. Each component of the feature that has been detected is measured by its distance to form the face semantics. The steps taken in image processing begin with determining the region of interest (ROI). Furthermore, the results of cropping ROI feature extraction are done to get the eye, nose and mouth. After that, a centroid is determined for each feature so that the distance between features can be calculated using the equation of the distance between the two coordinates, so we get 8 distances as matching parameters. The matching process is done using euclidean distance, which is calculating the smallest distance between the test image and the database. Based on research results, this system can be used to identify someone using face biometrics with fixed poses and expressions. The accuracy of this system is 100 percent

Fulfillment of nutrition for children under five years of age is a factor that needs to be considered in maintaining children's health because in infancy it is a period of development that is vulnerable to nutritional status. Based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2015 shows that the number of malnutrition is still high, as many as 185 in each province, and it is estimated that there are still around 12 million that have not been reported. The main problem with the high number of malnutrition status lies in the weakness of the recording and reporting process so that the government cannot have information that can be used to conduct early detection of the incidence of malnutrition. The weak process of recording nutritional status is caused by the lack of available instruments that can be used for the recording and reporting process. Based on the above problems, the Mozita application was used to process the recording and reporting of under-five nutritional status based on anthropometry tables. The Mozita application guarantees the accuracy, speed, and convenience in terms of knowing the early growth of toddlers. This study focused on measuring the quality of information on the Mozita application, which includes aspects of accuracy, timeliness, suitability, completeness, and ease of use. Measuring the quality of information is done by using questionnaires distributed to respondents (midwives), then for further analysis using the weighted average pre and post. The results of descriptive data analysis showed that the overall weighted average value of information quality pre Mozita application development was 1.01 and the post was 2.78. Pre and post value is the value of information quality which includes aspects of accuracy, timeliness, suitability, completeness, and ease of use. Comparison between pre and post values has increased by 1.77. An increase in the value of 0.63 can be interpreted that there is a positive influence on the quality of Mozita application information on aspects of accuracy, timeliness, suitability, completeness, and ease of use.

Jakarta is the most densely populated province in Indonesia and it will grow over time. This overwhelming population causes a decrease in the quality and supply of groundwater. Brines has been discovered in several areas in Jakarta. Several studies conducted by earth science researchers conclude that brine in Jakarta appears from either seawater intrusion or trapped connate water. This study focuses on the use of the geoelectric method to evaluate the groundwater quality problem in Kelurahan Marunda. Methods used in this study are resistivity, self-potential, and groundwater sampling. Conductivity, Salinity, pH and water table elevation are the parameters used in this study. These methods are done to observe subsurface groundwater quality, fluid flow and how far the seawater infiltrated. Based on the result of groundwater data of 40 wells, high conductivity and high salinity zones are found. High conductivity in this area affected mostly by the saline factor indicated by high salinity and neutral pH. The subsoil has low resistivity values showed by 2D resistivity data. Also, self-potential data displays a North-South groundwater subsurface fluid flow 1, 20 km from the coastline. Altogether, these data indicate seawater intrusion in Kelurahan Marunda, North Jakarta.

Black-cube-gambir (pale catechin) is a processed gambir (Uncaria gambier) extract. Containing condensed tannin, black-cube-gambir could be used as a vegetable tanning agent in the leather making process. Some industries in Indonesia use pickled hide/skin as raw material for the next process that the previous bating process is uncontrolled. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of rebating in the re-pickle stage on the leather tanned with Uncaria gambir. For alum-gambir tanned leather, rebating increased its softness, tear strength, and hydrothermal stability, while for glutaraldehyde-gambir tanned leather, rebating increased its tensile strength, degree of tannage, and tannin bound. The broad DSC peak revealed that the distribution of collagen molecules of all samples was unequal. Rebating could increase and decrease the quality of leather.

Jakarta is a large city with a 10.37 million population. Most of the clean water needs are provided via groundwater. This might be a problem for some areas with groundwater conditions such as brine, or even salty water. The salt-water issue in Jakarta is not uncommon. Many researchers have conducted their studies on this topic from many perspectives. They are all divided into 2 main general conclusions, saltwater happens because of intrusion and saltwater is there because it is connate water. This study aims to give a new perspective on understanding the salt-water issue. Methods used for this study are gravity measurement to get a horizontal gradient value. The other is groundwater well sampling to measure the value of pH, salinity, conductivity, and water table elevation. These methods will be comprehensively interpreted to get the direction of subsurface fluid flow. Results from salinity and conductivity of groundwater show more salinity and conductivity in the North direction and less on the South one. Gravity data and the geological map also suggest that there is a fluid flow coming from North East to South West. All of these methods used in this study have come to one conclusion, there is water flowing from the sea to the land, therefore there is a most likely saltwater intrusion on the region where this study is conducted.

Humans and the environment are an inseparable part. Increasing of human activities and their negative characters cause environmental damage and pollution accelerate. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of understanding environmental knowledge towards conservation attitudes of Earth Hour Semarang volunteers. This research is a quantitative study using a descriptive correlation research design with cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 22 active volunteers from earth hour Semarang and observed using valid questionnaires. Sampling used non-probability sampling techniques with saturated sampling (census). From the research conducted, it was found that there was a significant relationship between the understanding of environmental knowledge towards conservation attitudes of Earth Hour Semarang volunteers with p value = 0.019 (α <0.05) and had a relationship strength of 0.497 or in the category of strong relationships.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying is a dryer that does not require moving parts and is environmentally friendly and it results more durable. The purpose of it study is to compare among the physical characteristics of the results of the EHD Drying of the crop seeds with variations in shape. This research used samples of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds, Long Bean (Vegna Unguiculata ssp) Seeds and Winged bean (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus) Seeds. It is in variations in diameter of seeds form. EHD flow is yield corona discharge plasma. It is using 10 pairs x 10 pairs of electrodes wich have configuration pin-three concentris ring. It is generated with applied high voltage of 18 kV, the gap electrode 4 mm and drying time 0-35 minutes with a 5 minute time interval. According to the results obtained, the graph of drying rate and the energy efficiency of all seeds sample is the maximum at the beginning of drying is after a 30 minute drying time and then decays with additional drying time. The drying rate and energy efficiency of the cucumber seeds is the largest and the winged bean seeds are the smallest.

Programming was made to calculate the Ground Shear Strain (GSS) value of microtremor data using Python. Microtremor is a repetitive ground vibration that propagates in soils containing certain sources. The microtremor method can be used to determine the value of Ground Shear Strains (GSS). Ground Shear Strain can be used to characterize the impacts occur during earthquakes, such as liquefaction, soil cracking, land subsidence, landslides, and ground vibration. Analyzing GSS value can be used to obtain information about soil response of an earthquake as a disaster reconstruction in the mitigation effort. In this research, the data processing conducted by the following steps: (i) Processing data using geopsy software to get the values of predominant frequency (f₀) and amplification(A₀), (ii) Finding ν_s30 value using USGS data, and (iii) Making python scripts for calculating microtremor data. The result of this research showed that calculating microtremor data can be done by using python software and has the same value as if using Microsoft excel.

The vehicle velocity monitoring system is an important part of the transportation system. This system is used to conduct monitoring and evaluations so that the quality of the land transportation system can be improved. At present, there are many vehicle velocity monitoring systems. Unfortunately, most of these devices still have to be operated manually, some other devices may have been automated, but it still involves many devices that must be installed, so it is causing problems in installation, maintenance, and repair in the event of damage. In this research, we propose a rule-based cloud system, which monitors the average speed of vehicles passing on the roads that can be used to evaluate the traffic controller at crossroads using the Maps API-Service that accessed via RESTful web services. Longitude and latitude coordinates of the road are inputted into the Maps API-Service than results in distance and travel time data. This data is then developed into other information using the formula and rule-based method to measure the vehicle's velocity and traffic controller performance. The result of this research produces a cloud-based information system that can measure vehicle velocity and performance of crossroads traffic controllers in real-time and automatically.

Ngempon Temple was discovered below the ground level caused by collapsed land in 1952 in Ngempon Village, Bergas Sub-district, Semarang Regency. The HVSR method is used in the three-component microtremor to identify the bedrock response frequency. Additionally, this method can be used to determine the dominant resonance frequency (f0) and the peak value of HVSR (A), which shows the dynamic characteristics of sediments. This study aims to determine the position and types of archaeological objects that are still hidden and make a modeling of the subsurface conditions. The method used in this study is a trapezoidal measurement geometry by measuring spaces within 2 meters. Data retrieval duration is 10 minutes for each point, and the specified frequency sampling is 10 Hz. The H/V curve generated from data processing will result in the frequency value and amplification that will be analyzed and linked to the Ngempon Temple archaeological data. The results obtained from this study indicate the existence of the temple's fundamental rocks and rock debris model below the surface indicated by the contours of the HVSR spectrum profile. They are an amplification value of 1.3 and the response frequency with a sensitivity of up to 4 Hz from the surface, and an amplification value of 1.3 and the response frequency with a sensitivity of 5.8-10 Hz. The sensitivity to measurements is based on whether the response passes the excavation of BPCB Central Java. If it passes, then the response indicates an anomaly of the fundamental rocks. Vice versa, if the measurement does not pass the object of research, the response only shows the existence of temple rocks fragments. The amplification value and frequency of response shows a difference between the temple rock and the sediments above it.

International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication number 118 at 2012 recommends decreasing the Dose Limit Value of eye lens for workers from 150 mSv to 20 mSv in 1 year, and to not exceed 50 mSv in a certain year. This experiments is aimed to evaluate the value of eye lens radiation dose based on the effect of angles on the monitor in interventional radiology by using a head phantom as a simulation of the workers' position with a height of 150 cm, 160 cm and installed thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips Hp (10) at 66 - 67 kV and 385 - 395 mA. The radiation lens dose value during 1 minute fluoroscopy irradiation results a mean of radiation dose value that ranges between 0,54 – 0,79 mSv and 0.52 - 0.70 mSv, during 4 minutes fluoroscopy irradiation ranges between 0,48 – 0,72 mSv and 0.55 - 0.75 mSv, and during 10 seconds cinefluorography ranges between 0.52 – 0,75 mSv and 0.48 - 0.66 mSv. The relationship between the linearity of fluoroscopy irradiation time and dose area product (DAP) obtained an equation of y = 0.0139x-0.0535 with a correlation coefficient R² = 0.9982. The relationship between the linearity of fluoroscopy irradiation time and Kinetic Energy Released per Mass unit (KERMA) obtained an equation of y = 0.0957x-0.0495 with a correlation coefficient R² = 0.9988.

Low head hydropower has the potential to produce green energy with a minimum on the environment and is one of the best choices for decentralized power plants. Aceh is one of many regions in Indonesia with hilly topography and many river streams. Of the 66 rivers in Aceh that have potential energy sources that can be developed 98.5 percent are low head. Generally, the technique for overcoming altitude problems in low river flows is the use of low head turbines. An important aspect of head power generation techniques is the selection of turbines. The study aimed to study low head propeller turbines for the use of micro hydropower plants. By calculating the main dimensions and main components of the turbine, field experiments were carried out to determine turbine rotation and energy, as well as turbine efficiency at a flow rate of 0.06 m³/sec and a 3.5-meter head. The calculation results obtained by a specific turbine speed of 1.53, runner diameter of 0.30 meters, hub diameter of 0.06 meters, shaft diameter 0.03, runner length 1.08, triangular speed of 30 degrees with the number of blades 4 pieces. From the results of field experiments, the maximum turbine rotation speed is 1828 rpm, the turbine power is 2,530 watts with a voltage between 220 to 240 volts while the maximum efficiency is 57 percent. It can be concluded that propeller-type turbines with the low head are suitable for micro power plants, especially in remote areas.

The HTR-10 is a gas-cooled high-temperature reactor with spherical fuel and moderator called pebble bed and operated on 10 MW thermal power. Until now, a lot of research and development on the HTR-10 in terms of neutronic computational modeling has been carried out, one of which is burnup analysis. Fuel depletion or burnup analysis is an analysis related to fuel control and reactor output power. This analysis is needed because changes in fuel composition will affect the neutronic parameter values of a reactor. The 10 MW HTR fuel depletion study has been conducted by modeling the reactor using MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle e-Xtended) to analyze the effect of radius and enrichment of reactor fuel to the left value and the burnup rate. The study is conducted by modeling a 10 MW HTR with three sorts of fuel kernel radiuses using MCNPX. First, 250 μm radius, second, 275 μm radius, third, 300 μm radius and all radiuses are variated with 10-15% fuel enrichment. TRISO particles are dispersed using simple cubic (SC) lattice in the fuel zone. The fuel balls are allocated in the reactor core along with moderator balls using a body-centered cubic. To perform all the calculations, MCNPX utilizes continuous energy data library ENDF/B-VI. From the calculation result using MCNPX can be concluded that the kernels with the radius of 275 μm and 300 μm at 14% and 13% fuel enrichment respectively were more able to maintain a critical condition within a year of operation than the kernels a 250 μm radius and the fuel with 250 μm radius has the highest burnup rate that is 52,07 GWd/MTU.

The problem of mass fish mortality in Indonesia is already common, Environmental conditions determine the survival of fish. Determination of water environmental conditions has water parameters including water (depth, brightness, water temperature, acidity (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO) and ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential)). Acidity (pH) is one of the important things in determining the water quality of water. The pH generally increases due to polluted waters. Environmental conditions that are always changing will affect the life processes of organisms in it, especially fish need to be monitored in realtime, especially to avoid massive fish mortality. This paper purpose the real-time acquisition builds with combine the wireless sensor system and database replication concept. From the result of implementation database replication method for real-time measurement pH parameter of fishery agriculture using wireless sensor system, that's the system can perform continuously to real-time acquisition data online

The development of electrooptic devices by strengthening the electromagnetic fields using colloidal silver has been carried out. This tool works based on the electrooptics method. The samples used were aquabides and a solution of aquabides mixed with colloidal silver with various concentrations. The light source used is a green laser with a wavelength of 532 ± 10 nm. Measurements are made by observing changes in the natural polarization angle and the electro-optical polarization angle. The test results show that at a concentration of 0-0.25 there is a significant change in the polarization angle to the increase in the external electric field (0-9 kV). While at a concentration of 2.5-1 there is a tendency that there is no change in the polarization angle.

One method of identifying gold jewelry is laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS). In the LIBS technique, plasma is produced by the interaction of laser pulses with the material. Plasma formed shows a monochromatic beam of light with a certain wavelength then analyzed using a spectrometer. In this present research, pulse Nd: YAG laser (1064nm) is used to generate plasma. Au spectrum analysis was performed to distinguish 99.9%, 75%, and imitation jewelry. The 99.9% gold jewelry spectrum has similarities to the 75% gold spectrum. However, Au elements in imitation jewelry are not detected. Spectrum data with different treatments according to the repetition rate also conducted to determine the characteristics of the generated plasma.

Colloidal gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNPs) have been produced by using pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method. The synthesis in this study used a low-power neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser (45 mJ). Pulse laser beam, which has specifications of 1064 nm, 7ns, 10 Hz, was focused on high-purity metal gadolinium (Gd) surface, which was placed into a spinach-extracted liquid, to produce GdNPs colloid. It is known that the spinach naturally contains iron (Fe), which is a quite high concentration from FeSO₄.7H₂O. The magnetic characteristics of iron are ferromagnetism, likewise, gadolinium. As the contrast agent, especially in MRI, the magnetic characteristics of the material are needed to improve the image quality. Colloidal GdNPs were successfully produced at a total concentration of 71 ppm after laser bombardment. The TEM image of GdNPS shows that these nanoparticles had a spherical shape. The average diameter of GdNPs was 15 nm.

In material science, there are several methods for detecting elemental content in a material (sample) such as X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), (X-Ray Diffraction) XRD, (Scanning Electron Microscope) SEM, (Transmission Electron Microscope) TEM), etc. Non-metallic samples such as gemstone can be detected by XRF and XRD methods. But in this method, the sample must get special treatment such as being crushed and converted into powder form. In this study, LIBS was used to identify elements in a gemstone. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method is an alternative method for solving deficiencies in the previous study. The results show the same elements contained in the gemstone can clearly be detected. The elements are also confirmed by using the standard technique of X-ray fluorescence and the result revealed that the elements are consistent as in the case of the LIBS technique.

Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is one of the quality control tests for most diagnostic imaging modality, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This study used MRI 1.5T GE Signa Creator type and head coil phantom with variations of Echo Time (TE), Repetition Time (TR), voxel volume and flip angle. 16 data images were obtained from the acquisition process. These images were analyzed using image processing software to calculate the SNR value. It results in four data distribution with the highest value of 36.98 and the lowest value of 32.64. The graphs of voxel volume versus SNR also formed four groups of data with an overall value above SNR baseline value for daily operation.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted much attention because these unconventional solar cells exhibit high performance and have the potential for low-cost production. To achieve higher performances for solar cells based on organic dyes, comparable to those for solar cells based on the color spectrum, the light absorption of organic dyes is required. In a DSSC, the electrodes are surrounded by a thin shell and a dye monolayer for 3 colors of dyes. Based on the optical properties, the large absorption of light can be given in a colorless dye with a wavelength of the most extensive. Combination colors from three-band basic colors, such as red (R), green (G) and blue (B) can create the optimum light absorption. The Incident Photon-to-charge Carrier Efficiency (IPCE) will be high if the absorption spectrum graph of dye color is large too, therefore the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) will produce photon current (If) or high short-circuit current (Isc). To ensure solid surface coverage, the dye must have a high absorption coefficient on TiO2. The electrodes can be maximized with reduced layer thickness so the possibility of recombination decreases with decreasing electrode thickness and thicker electrolytes with low vapor pressure can be applied. The longer the wavelength, the less absorption will cause a small portion of the sun's spectrum to disappear. The experiment showed that a combination of three band colors of dye is obtained the largest light absorption. This black color proved to have the greatest light absorption. The experiment can result for the exhibit a high open-circuit voltage VOC of 320 mV, open-circuit current IOC of 0.045 mA, maximum voltage Vmax of 134 mV, maximum current Imax of 0.044 mA, maximum power Pmax of 5.89 μW, Fill Factor (FF) of 42 and a power conversion efficiency of 9.1%.

Nanomedicine is a field of medical treatment research that has developed rapidly in recent years for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. New strategies in nanomedicine are to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy at the cellular and molecular level. Materials that are often used for nanomedicine are metal-based gadolinium. This research presents a preliminary study of the radiosensitization properties of gadolinium nanoparticles colloid. Gadolinium nanoparticle colloid was synthesized using a pulsed laser ablation method in pure water. The gadolinium nanoparticle colloid was characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Radiosensitization properties of gadolinium nanoparticles colloid were examined based on the decomposition of x-ray irradiated methylene blue. The results show that gadolinium nanoparticle colloid consists of a spherical shape particle and has a bandgap energy of 5.76 eV. Gadolinium nanoparticle colloid possessed radiosensitization properties with a dose enhancement factor in the range of 1.51-1.54.

This work studied the optimization of low-temperature drying by using a laboratory scale and applied it on the pilot plant scale of fluidized bed dryer integrated with zeolite adsorption. The drying time was observed regarding the airflow rate, temperature and zeolite-tea leave ratio. The green tea leaves moisture content was specified gravimetrically until constant weight can be obtained. Applying 70°C as the drying temperature, the green tea leave is secure for a faster drying rate and can be avoided from the catechin epimerization and thermal degradation. Applying 0.40 m/s as airflow rate can remove the water surface faster than 0.50 m/s of airflow rate, although it needs a longer time to drag out the inner moisture content of the solid. The pilot-plant scale required longer time (40 minutes) on the first falling rate period than laboratory scale (30 minutes), although it gave faster second falling rate period at the same airflow rate (0.50 m/s), temperature (70° C) and zeolite-tea leave ratio (25:75).

This paper present the experimental work of celery drying using continuous vibrating fluidized bed drying. Fresh celery leaves dried at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C in continuous vibrating fluidized bed dryer with a dimension of 2350 mm × 300 mm. Energy and exergy analysis was conducted to determine the performance of the system, among others, energy utilization, energy efficiency, and efficiency of the exergy so it can be known potential energy savings can be obtained. From the calculation results can be concluded that the increase in drying temperature will increase energy utilization and energy utilization ratio and decrease the efficiency of the exergy. Average energy utilization ratio at 50°C is 0.0768, at 60°C is 0.1199 and at 70°C is 0.1682. Exergy efficiencies decrease with increasing temperature. Average exergy efficiencies are 0.19, 0,16 and 0.17 for 50°, 60° and 70°C drying temperature respectively. The main factor that causes thermodynamic inefficiency is the exergy that leaves the system, exergy destruction and loss of exergy to the surrounding air.

This research is aimed at obtaining the characteristics of negative corona plasma discharge with the presence and absence of woven natural silk and to figure out morphological alteration of woven natural silk by negative corona plasma discharge and water absorption characteristics of irradiated woven natural silk. The plasma reactor used employed multi point-to-plane electrode configuration using 100 electrodes. The reactor is connected to a high DC power supply with the point electrodes with spacing and the plane electrode varies from 0.6 to 3.0 cm. The silk sample has a dimension of (10 × 10) cm2. Plasma irradiations were performed with a varied duration that ranged from 5 to 30 minutes. Sample testing was performed using SEM and water drop test. SEM testing results also show damages on the fabric surface compared to non-irradiated fabric. Meanwhile, the water drop test results reveal that optimum absorption for woven natural silk is at a distance of 2.4 cm for 30-minute irradiation. These settings resulted in an average absorption time of 10.28 seconds, which is way faster than absorption for non-irradiated fabric, at 48.88 seconds.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are classified as metal-based nanoparticles and have received considerable attention among researchers in the application of wound healing, due to their physicochemical and biological properties. In this research silver nanoparticles (AgNP) will be combined with collagen to collagen-nanosilver (Co-AgNP) grown by electrospinning method into nanofiber film. The optimum parameter of the electrospinning process using an electric voltage of 25 kV at a spray distance of 20 cm becomes based on the process growth of Co-AgNP film. By using PVA as an electrospun polymer, the collagen-nanosilver composite (Co-AgNP) can be grown into a film that can be used as a wound dressing.

The significant growth in catch fisheries and aquaculture production has enhanced the world's capacity to consume diverse and nutritious food; however, this fast-growing industry has resulted in the environmental disturbance, especially caused by fish farming. The nutrient was generated from fish excretion and unfed pellet in the form of dissolved organic matter, especially as nitrogen and phosphate particulates. Therefore, applying mathematical models is crucial to understand and minimize the impact on the water ecosystem, thus maximizing productivity. This paper aims to research to analyze the global and stability of the equilibrium point the dynamical system that water and sediment in aquaculture Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system. Analysis stability global has been proved by constructing the Lyapunov function. The gradient method is used to construct the Lyapunov function in the most general form. The method is based on the assumption of a variable gradient function by determining V and ∇V. In the Lyapunov method construction, if the function V(x) would be definite positive, whereas derivative V(x) would be a definite negative. Models of nitrogen, phosphate, phytoplankton, and sediment system exhibited globally asymptotically stable. This implies that fish farming using the IMTA system on Karimunjawa island was still considerably under normal condition.

K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) is one of the classification methods using the distance from the variable. Determination of the distance used greatly affects the results of the classification. The distance commonly used as a weighting is the Euclidean distance. The Euclidean distance does not distinguish between categories and variables, this is certainly a problem in itself. Therefore the weighting used is the global GINI diversity index. This method will be applied to the classification of subsidy food in Semarang city, based on the factors that influence it. Independent variables that are used include the field of business of household heads (X1); Employment Status (X2); Homeownership status (X3); Roof Building Materials (X4); Main wall material of the house (X5); Main Material of the house floor (X6); Drinking Water Source (X7) and Main Cooking Fuel (X8). Based on the results of classification using the KNN method with a global weighting GINI diversity index, with training: testing is 80: 20 obtained an accuracy of 85% with a value of K = 5.

News that is presented every day on social media dramatically affects the feelings, feelings, thoughts, or even actions of a person or group. Hoax News is one of them which is disturbing the public and raising noise in various fields, ranging from politics, culture, security, and order, to the economy. Inseparable from social media users. How every day, there is information on social media, which is not necessarily true so that people are provoked by hoax on social media. The news detection system in this study was designed using Unsupported Learning so that it does not require data training. The system was built using the Equation algorithm to calculate the validity of document similarity. Extraction results used to search for content related to user input using a detection engine, then the similarity value and the time needed to utilize hoax news are calculated. System validation testing by using a four text similarity algorithm called the Equation algorithm, the Levenshtein algorithm, the Smith-Waterman algorithm, the Damerau Levenshtein algorithm; this algorithm is used to find the best analytical solution of news hoaxes and submissions needed to find the news hoax password. The final results of the deception detection research using a script that has been done for Validation using an algorithm, get the value of accuracy in detection using the Smith-Waterman algorithm, which produces an accuracy value of text similarity of 99.29% and can be used a process of 6, 57 seconds, followed by the second sequence that is the similarity algorithm produces an accuracy of 75% and requires a processing time of 4.94 seconds, then the third sequence is the Levenshtein algorithm with an accuracy of 55.02% and requires a processing time of 5.49 seconds, and is used today is Damerau Levenshtein algorithm is 55.02% and requires a processing time of 7.54%. The results of research tests on this text can conclude the more text on the detection engine, the higher the verification value and the higher the time needed to process hoax news.

The Yogyakarta and Klaten earthquake on May 27, 2006, which caused around 5700 people to become victims (from the district of Klaten in 2000 and around 5000 from the Special Region of Yogyakarta). Some earth experts believe that the earthquake was caused by the activities of the Opak Fault in Yogyakarta and the Jiwo Fault in Klaten. That is because the biggest victims are indeed located around the two fault lines. This study aims to map the existence of the Jiwo Fault in Gantiwarno District and surrounding Klaten Regency by magnetic methods. The study area was conducted at an estimated location as the Jiwo Fault with an area of about 20 km x 20 km. Data collecting of total earth magnetic field data in this study using the Proton Precession Magnetometer, while the coordinates of the data collection point are measured with GPS Garmin III Plus. In this study, 150 points were successfully measured. Total magnetic field data is then corrected daily variations and IGRF corrections. The corrected magnetic field data was an inversion of 3D modeling using oasis montaj software. Based on the modeling of the total magnetic field data and the results of the geological survey it was concluded that the dominant geological structure is the fault trending southwest-northeast to west-east, which is interpreted as the Jiwo Fault. Based on the results of 3D modeling using oasis montaj software that began to be seen at a depth of 500 m, it began to be seen clearly at a depth of 1000 m to a depth of 3400 m below sea level is still clearly visible.

Rice plants are one of the focuses on food sustainability so that an increase in rice production needs to be done. Farmers need information and knowledge to improve rice crop production by practicing good planting methods that begin with the selection of superior varieties of seeds and handling plant pests properly. The problem that arises is that assistance from agricultural specialists is not always available when farmers need it, making it difficult for farmers to consult experts according to their needs at any time. Therefore, in this study, an expert system was proposed which was able to help farmers to obtain information according to their needs. This research builds an expert system for the management of rice plants including the selection of rice seed varieties and handling pests of rice plants. The method used in this expert system is forward chaining and certainty factor. Knowledgebase data was obtained from experts in agricultural extension, experts on plant pest organisms and literature from the agricultural service. From this study, an expert system was produced that was able to provide information on the selection of seed varieties and pest of rice plants according to the conditions and needs of the users.

This paper discusses pictures on the second homotopy module of the group from the Kronecker product on the representation quaternion group. It needs three notions to construct the second homotopy module, which is the presentation of the group, word, and spherical picture. In this paper, it has used the presence of a group that is obtained from the group Kronecker product on the representation of the quaternion group. This presentation has four generators and five relations. Based on this presentation, we got word, and then a picture can be drawn. It uses van Kampen Lemma to construct the picture and operation on picture to obtain a spherical picture. It has presented pictures with one and all of the generators in the presentation of the group. It has used relations in the presentation of a group to make the picture become a spherical picture. We conclude that the spherical picture, which becomes generators built all pictures.

This paper discusses the first fundamental group from the identity graph of the group derived from the Kronecker product of the group quaternion representation. This group is called the Kronecker quaternion group. The purpose of this paper is to show the elements of the first fundamental group of the Kronecker quaternion group. A graph is needed to determine the first fundamental group. In this case, an identity graph is used; that is, graphs obtained from the Kronecker quaternion group. From this identity graph, it's computed how many directed graphs can be made. The elements of the first fundamental group are the equivalence classes of paths in the directed identity graph that begin and end by a particular vertex. It is shown that the number of equivalence classes of paths for any fundamental group obtained from the identity graph is one plus the number of a completed graph K₃ in the identity graph of the Kronecker quaternion group.

Village classification index is a certain status of the achievements of village development activities. In measuring the achievement of village classification index, it needs to be made in several time periods and must concern to the spatial effects because the geographical conditions of each village are diverse. It is necessary to study the variables that affect the village classification index in several time periods. Statistical methods that used in overcome the spatial effects of panel data type is Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR), which is a combination of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models and panel data regression. This study focused on the establishment of GWPR model with fixed effects using fixed bisquare kernel on the village classification index in Batang Regency, 2015-2018. The results of this study indicate that the fixed effect model GWPR differ significantly on panel data regression model, and the model generated for each location will be different from one another. In addition, all independent variables namely the community economy, security and order, and community participation in development have a significant effect on the village classification index for all villages with R-square value of 0.3952.

The weighted exponential distribution function has a specific curve shape, the curve from zero reaches to the maximum point then down, and at a certain time it is relatively constant tends to zero. This function can be used to describe the growth curve model. Minimally supported design is a design with the number of supported design equal to the number of parameters in the model. Locally D-optimal design for the weighted exponential model is minimally supported design with uniform weight. The standardized variance of D-optimal design is less than or equal to the number of parameters and maximized the standardized variance at the supported designs. We propose an alternative design by adding one supported design. Nonminimally supported design is obtained from supported design of D-optimal design plus one supported design in three ways, by adding one of them, by adding the average of them or by adding one supported design around them. We compare nonminimally supported designs in terms of efficiency, standardized variance, and propose a design that is efficient and practically convenient for practitioners.

In Γ – semigroup S, the element of Γ maybe a binary operation in S. Every element of any semigroupS can define a binary operation in S. A collection of binary operations defined of the element of S generates Γ – semigroup S.

This paper gives the analytic solution of the uncoupled multi-agent model. This solution describes the optimal path of each agent. In this exposition, the optimal control approach is used to model uncoupled multi-agent swarm with attractor and repellant. The special functional cost contains repellent cost functional is used to guarantee each agent never collides one to the others. The attractor term in the special functional cost makes each agent never mover far away to the others. This paper also gives the benefit of the agents moves in the multi-agent system.

The notion of the neutrosophic triplet was introduced by Smarandache and Ali. This notion is based on the fundamental law of neutrosophy that for an idea X, we have neutral of X denoted as neut(X) and anti of X denoted as anti(X). This paper studied a neutrosophic triplet set which is a collection of all triple of three elements that satisfy certain properties with some binary operation. Also given some interesting properties related to them. Further, in this paper investigated that from the neutrosophic triplet group can construct a classical group under multiplicative operation for _n, for some specific n. These neutrosophic triplet groups are built using only modulo integer 2p, with p is an odd prime or Cayley table.

This study discussed the integral of Dunford and compact linear operator on space of Dunford integral function. For each f which is Dunford integral on [a,b] is defined as an operator D_L by D_L (x^*) = x^*f, for each x^* ∈ X^* This study resulted that the operator D_L is both a continuous linear operator and weakly compact operators. Then, it was defined as the adjoint of the operator ${D}_{L}^{* }$ by ${D}_{L}^{* }(h)({x}^{* })=\displaystyle \underset{a}{\overset{b}{\int }}h{D}_{L}({x}^{* })$ each h ∈ (L₁)^* The adjoint operator ${D}_{L}^{* }$ is continuous and weakly compact linear operators.

The Multiperiod Degree Constrained Minimum Spanning Tree (MPDCMST) is a problem of finding the smallest weight spanning tree while also maintaining the degree restriction in every vertex and satisfying the vertex installation requirement in every period. This problem arises in the networks installation problem where the degree restriction represents the reliability of each vertex and the vertex installation requirement represents the priority vertices that must be installed in the network on a certain period. The installation is divided into some periods because some conditions occur such as harsh weather, fund limitation, etc. In this paper, we propose a WAC4 Algorithm to solve the MPDCMST problem. The performance of the algorithm will be compared to the WAC1 algorithm already in the literature.

If given a graph G(V,E) with n vertices and m edges many graphs can be constructed. The graphs constructed maybe connected graphs (there exists at least one path connecting every pair of vertices in the graph) or disconnected; either simple a (contains loop or parallel edges) or not simple. In, this paper we will discuss the formula for counting the number of connected vertex labelled graph of order five (n=5) without loops, witof h minimum five edges and maa y contaiof n maximum ten parallel edges.

According to the Indonesian Health Profile in 2017, diabetes is one of the causes of death for almost 70% in the world. The high mortality rate induces the need for making the effort to reduce the number of people with diabetes by conducting studies that lead to making a diagnosis so that can detect a person with diabetes accurately. This study tries to compare the performance of the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique and the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm without Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique in diagnosing diabetes on imbalanced datasets. The parameters tested are the k value of the K-Nearest Neighbors and Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique. The testing is carried out using the K-Fold Cross Validation strategy. The data used in this study were 3876 data from Pertamina Central Hospital. Based on the results of tests conducted, it shows that the value of accuracy produced in diagnosing diabetes by using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique is better than the accuracy produced without using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique with the highest accuracy increase of 8.25%. The highest average accuracy is obtained when the value of k = 3 in the K-Nearest Neighbors, k = 5 in the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique, and fold = 10, which reaches 78.06%.

Missing values in strip plot design cause an unbalanced design. As a result, several problems occur in analyzing the data. This paper presents the estimation of two and three missing values from strip-plot design with the fixed model using the Yates approach. However, the estimation toward the missing values in strip-plot design causes bias on the treatment mean squares which is shown by its expected value. To omit the bias caused by the estimated values, a procedure of Satterthwaite-Cochran approximation is applied. The procedure corrects the bias and gives an adjusted analysis of variance for the hypothesis test.

This study aims to model the Ngempon Temple that is still buried under the surface using the microtremor method with HVSR data processing. The measurement geometry consists of 39 points forming a rectangular grid with a measurement spacing of 2 m. The duration of data collection was 10 minutes for each point and the sampling frequency was 150 Hz. The results obtained from this study indicate the location of the temple site and subsurface 3D models of the temple site which are characterized by a frequency range of 1.28-1.32 Hz and amplification of 1.275.

Forecasting is needed to increase capacity and infrastructure, and also to improve the quality and quantity of the airport, especially at Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto Samarinda's airport. The forecasting method is very diverse. It is difficult to forecast the number of passengers in each period. This is very important to compare the accuracy of the forecasting number of passengers and how to find out the best method to produce the forecasting value. This research uses the mean square error to measure the accuracy of double exponential smoothing and the triple exponential smoothing. The results of this research found the accuracy level between double exponential smoothing and triple exponential smoothing that produced the best forecasting value. MSE error calculation uses alpha constant values 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9. The best result is the double exponential smoothing method of alpha value 0.9 with an error value of 20522138,748.

Despite its benefits, fish farming has a potential impact on the water environment, such as algae bloom, fish death, and eutrophication. Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is designed to address environmental problems to reduce the excess of unfed pellets and fish feces under the cage. Mathematical modeling was built to describe a phenomenon in chemical, physical, and biological processes during the operation of IMTA to form a mathematical formula. The phenomenon was explained by the dynamic system, which is a method to describe, model, simulate and analyze dynamical systems. The model analyzed the interactions between nitrogen and phosphate concentrations and phytoplankton during the operation of IMTA. The model was a non-linear system of linear differential equations with three variables. Analysis of global stability is carried out at equilibrium points based on the Lyapunov stability theory using by Energy-Casimir method. Determine equilibrium point and Casimir functions of the dynamical systems, then assume that the Casimir functions are linearly independent. Find the value of the G matrix, then calculate the Lyapunov function with a positive definite value and test the validity of the Lyapunov function.

Cholera is a disease as a kind of acute diarrhea caused by bacteria V. Cholerae. The spread of cholera can be modeled in the form of nonlinear differential equation systems with 4 variables SIRB. This paper aims to research to analyze the local stability of the equilibrium point of the dynamical population in the spread of cholera by the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion and bifurcation method. Next Generation Matrix (NGM) method is used to get the basic reproductive numbers ( ℜ₀ ) to find the local stability at the equilibrium point of the. The disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if ℜ₀ < 1, while the endemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if ℜ₀ > 1 the results of numerical simulations obtained ℜ₀ = 0 0.87 indicated that the disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable. In endemic condition ( ℜ₀ > 1 ) show that increasing the rate of vaccination and disinfection can reduce the population of susceptible, infected and bacteria of V. Cholerae.

This study aims to analyze the influence of plant growth regulator (PGR) for secondary metabolites production in Elaeocarpus grandiflorus cell culture. Picloram (3.5, 5 and 7.5 ppm) and 2,4-D (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 ppm) were used as PGR of cell suspension culture. Cell cultures were obtained from callus grown in liquid WPM medium with various concentrations of PGR. Culture is maintained in shakers at a speed of 120 rpm in dark conditions. Harvesting is done after the age of culture reaches 30 days. Extraction was done by the maceration method with methanol as a solvent. A qualitative test using a thin layer chromatography test (TLC) was conducted to analyze the presence of various secondary metabolites. Phenolic quantitative tests were performed using a spectrophotometer using gallic acid standard compounds. The results showed that the cell culture contained alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids. All treatments showed the presence of phenolic with varying total phenolic concentrations. PGR affects the type and concentration of secondary metabolites produced by E. grandiflorus cell suspension culture.

Planting of mangrove vegetation integratively in silvofishery pond alters the possibility of metabolite accumulation pattern. This research aimed to analyze the metabolite content in mangrove root and leaf of Avicennia marina, to analyze the difference of metabolite content between pond and shore area, and to analyze the correlation of metabolite content between the root and the leaf. The research was carried out through field sampling in Mangunharjo Village followed by laboratory analysis for alkaloid, phenol and terpenoid content. Samples were taken from A. marina root and leaf planted in the pond and shore areas by triplication. Data analysis were including t-test and correlation. The result showed that total alkaloid and total phenol content was varied between growing location. Significant differences between pond and shore mangrove metabolites were obtained for total alkaloid content in the root and total phenol content in the leaf. Correlation analysis between root and leaf metabolite contents showed its significance for total phenol content in the pond area. The research implied that mangrove in pond area underwent higher environmental stress compared to the ones in shore area.

Some seaweed in Indonesia has economic value, such as jelly-producing seaweed, namely Gracilaria, Gelidium, Gelidiopsis, and Hypnea, carrageenan-producing seaweed, namely Euchema spinosium, Euchema cottonii, Euchema striatum, algin-producing seaweed, that Sargassum, Macrocystis and Lessonia. This study aims to determine the microbial contamination on seaweed chips with total plate count (TPC) method and organoleptic test. The samples used were Sargassum chips and Eucheuma cottonii chips with variations in drying of seaweed raw materials. Seaweed chips samples were tested for microbial contamination. The number of microbial contamination on Sargassum chips was 2.6 × 102 CFU/ml and E. cottonii chips was 2.8 × 102 CFU/ml. Based on TPC analysis concluded that Sargassum chips and E. cottonii chips were both safe for consumption because the amount of microbial contamination does not exceed the maximum limit of the Indonesian National Standard, which is 105 CFU/ml. Based on organoleptic tests, Sargassum chips were preferable than E. cottonii chips.

The needs of herbal medicine tend to increase because of their little side effect and complications. Citronella oil has been under an attention due to progressive need for new biochemical effects to establish a novel production from this essential oil. The chemical properties of essential oil of Citronella grass from Batang Indonesia, distilled from leaves and shoots of Cymbopogon winterianus were found to be within the specifications set by Indonesia National Standart for Essential Oil. The result of GC-MS analysis showed 30 component with the major components of essential oil: Isopulegol, Tricyclo[5.2.1.0(1,5)]decane, LINALOOL L, Butanoic acid, Citronellyl acetate, Geranyl acetate, and Elemol. Comparison with commercial citronella oil showed different concentrations in the essential oil of Citronella grass from Batang Indonesia. Essential oil of Citronella grass from Batang Indonesia was also showed antimicrobial and dermatophic activity according to PASS analysis.

Alkaline protease is an industrially important enzyme that can produce by Aspergillus flavus DUCC K225 an indigenous mold from lime soil Madura island. The production of alkaline protease by Aspergillus flavus DUCC K225 produced by submerged fermentation on modified Czapeks Dox medium containing rice bran as N source. The enzyme production was observed after 7^th-day incubation, by measuring the protease activity at pH 8.5 and the temperature stability as well. The results showed that the enzyme activity is higher on the rice bran medium compared to the standard medium, with a value of 237,84 U/ml and 94.85 U/ml respectively. This alkaline protease enzyme produced also thermostable, with 89.3% stability value for 60 min at 40°C.

People lifestyle who tend to consume high fat diet is one of the risk factors causing cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of kersenfruits juice and extract lakum leaves on lumen width and thickness of aortic wall and to find out the histological features of male Rattusnorvegicus white rats due to hiperlipemia. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications, i.e. the control group (P0), the standard feeding group (P1), the hyperlipid feed group+0.2 mL/200gBB kersen juice (P2), the hyperlipid feed group+40mg / 200gBB extract lakum leaves (P3) and hyperlipid feed group ₊0.18mg / 200gBB simvastatin (P4). Hyperlipid feeds were given for 28 days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan Test at a confidence level of 95, while histological features were observed directly using photomicrograph with 400x magnification and were seen aortic lumen narrowing, foam cells and intracellular lipid accumulation in smooth muscle. The results showed that the addition of kersenfruits juice and extract lakum leaves gave a significant effect on lumen width and thickness of the aortic wall (p <0.05). Histological features show the presence of foam cells and accumulation of smooth muscle lipids in the control and group treatments with hyperlipemia feeding. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of kersen juice fruits and extract lakum leaves can reduce atherosclerotic lesions by eliminating foam cells and proliferating smooth muscle cells so the size of the aortic lumen width returns to normal.

Basil oil contains bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity. One way to increase the antibacterial activity of basil oil is to use a nanoemulsion design. This study aims to obtain a nanoemulsion of basil oil with the best antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to basil oil. Process isolation of basil oils uses the method of steam distillation. The nanoemulsion process uses the ultrasound method. The essential oils and nanoemulsions produced were analyzed by GC-MS. The five components of basil oils with the largest percent area are sabinene (60,01%), myrcene (17,76%), trans-caryophyllene (4,08%), linalool (2,58%), and alpha-pellandrene (2,35%). Whereas in nanoemulsion are sabinene (44,68%), myrcene (17,86%), trans-caryophyllene (8,15%), terpineol-4 (6,65%), and 1.6-octadient-3-ol 3,7-dimethyl (4,89%). The basil oil has a droplet size of 54960 nm while the nanoemulsion of basil oil has a droplet size of 243.4 nm. The concentration of basil oil influences the antibacterial activity. The essential oil of basil, at a concentration of 10% to 25%, has a zone of low to medium protein inhibition at E. coli and is strongly directed towards S. aureus. The nanoemulsion of essential oils at a concentration of 5% to 25% has a moderate to strong inhibition zone in E. coli and a moderate to a very strong group in S. aureus.

Cellulose is a polymer that is abundant in the environment, but they are unable to digest by the human digestive system. This study aims to determine the anti-pathogenic ability and measure the cellulase activity of B-G31 isolate. Auto-aggregation and co-aggregation methods were used to analyze the anti-pathogenic role of B-G31 against biofilm formed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To assess glucose concentration obtained from cellulose degradation, B-G31 supernatant was reacted in different CMC concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and was measured their absorbance (OD540) using ELISA spectrophotometer. The study has revealed that the percentage of B-G31 auto-aggregation is 26% and they can explicitly inhibit colonization of E. coli and S. aureus biofilm accounted for 20.21% and 21.20%, respectively, the bacteria also exhibited antagonistic activity towards two bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, enzyme activity was relatively high in the presence of 2% CMC with 0.913 U/mL to yield average glucose of 411.75 ppm and significantly different from that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, the enzyme value in 0.5% CMC concentration was about 0.345 U/mL and not significantly different from control group (p > 0.05). Our results indicated that B-G31 isolated from Valanganigricornis can form aggregates against bacterial-tests biofilm and increase degradation of cellulose, thus, the isolate could probably be used as probiotics to digest cellulose.

The rare actinomycete-like bacteria are mycelium-forming bacteria other than phylum Actinobacteria that difficult to isolate and cultivate. This group of bacteria was recently speculated by many scientists as a potential new microbial resource for the discovery of novel compounds, as a substitute for actinomycetes. In this study, we isolate and identify rare actinomycete-like bacteria from forest soil collected under bamboo trees, near the CisolokGeysers, Sukabumi, Indonesia. The isolation of bacteria was performed using Reasoner's 2A (1:10 dilution) medium with 2% gellan gum instead of agar and incubated at 30 °C for three weeks. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were examined to determine their taxonomic position. Four isolates designated K17-1, K17-2, K42, and K44 showed pale oranges colonies and formed mycelia were obtained. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates showed high similarity to members of the genus Dictyobacter in the family Dictyobacteraceae of the class Ktedonobacteria of the phylum Chlorofexi, with values 97.16-98.02%, and most closely related to the species Dictyobacteraurantiacus S-27^T (97.16-98.02% similarities). This result suggested that the member of the class Ktedonobacteria, which considered as rare actinomycete-like bacteria, such as Dictyobacter could be found in the forest soil of the geothermal area.

Catfish are one of the most commercially important fish cultured and consumed in Indonesia. Catfish (Clarias garipienus) is one of the most commercially important freshwater fish cultured and consumed in Indonesia. However, Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease was caused by Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the obstacles which are often to be found during the culture. This study aimed was to determine the epibiotic extracts of binahong leaves (BLE) and garlic (GE) as a feed additive on the growth performance and survival rate of catfish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. This research was conducted with Completely Randomized Design (6 treatments and 3 replications)in the aquaculture department laboratory, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty of Diponegoro University. The treatments were various dosages of the mixture of epibiotic extracts, namely A (2.500 ppm BLE+0 ppm GE), B (1.875 ppm BLE+250 ppm GE), C (1.250 ppm BLE+500 ppm GE), D(625 ppm BLE+750 ppm GE), E (0 ppm BLE+1.000 ppm GE) and K (0 ppm BLE+ 0 ppm GE). The result of the research indicated that a mixture of epibiotic was able to increase the survival rate but not in the growth rate. This treatment also was affected by the blood profile of cat fish ie. Erythrocyte, leucocyte, and hemoglobin These results showed that the best dosage of a mixture of epibiotic extracts (1.250 BLE+500 ppm GE) resulted in 86,67% of survival rate.

Plastic waste is the dominant type of marine waste found. The plastics are degraded in physics, chemistry and biology to a size of <5 mm. Sea cucumbers are deposite feeder type animals that get food by stirring up sediments so that there is microplastic content in sea cucumbers. This research aims not only to analyze the microplastic density in sediments and sea cucumbers but also to analyze the correlation between microplastic density in sediments and sea cucumbers. This research was conducted from February to April 2018. The research data was the descriptive with purposive random sampling and correlational studies method. Based on calculation analysis, microplastic found in sediments and sea cucumbers on Tidung Island and Bira Besar Island, consists of 4 (four) types. There are fiber with 2722 particles/g; 1982 particles/g, fragment 254 particles/g; 547 particles/g, film 100 particles/g; 50 particles/g and pellets 14 particles/g; 9 particles/g. Microplastic found in sea cucumbers consists of Tidung Island and Bira Island. Consist 4 (four) types, which are fiber, 2033 particles/g; 1247 particles/g, 137 particle fragments/g; 183 particles/g, film 60 particles/g; 69 particles/g and pellets 9 particles/g; 4 particles/g. Correlation results showed a positive correlation with microplastic in sediments and in sea cucumbers.

Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa L.) or Simalakama plants are native plants from Papua. The Mahkota Dewa fruit can be used to treat various diseases ranging from flu, rheumatism, lungs, cirrhosis of the liver to cancer. The Mahkota Dewa fruit contains alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. The presence of flavonoids in the fruit of this plant can be used as an antioxidant. One of the innovations in the use of this fruit is m turn fruit into syrup. Syrup manufacturing process has several stages, namely by choosing the fruit that is ripe and dried first. The Mahkota Dewa syrup from Tazakka in Pledokan Village, Sumowono Subdistrict still uses direct sunlight during the drying process. This study aims to determine the bacterial content of the dried fruit of the Mahkota Dewa with the sun and dry with the oven so that producers can still use the oven aids if the results are not much different. The test site is located in Peldokan Village, Sumowono District, Central Java Medical Laboratory and Medical Devices Testing and Diponegoro University Semarang. The materials and tools used are the mature Mahkota Dewa, tray, oven, dried fruit Mahkota Dewa and oven, the crown god syrup sample, and laboratory equipment. Bacterial testing uses the TPC (Total Plate Count) and Fungus Yeast methods. Based on the results of the bacteriological test analysis of the dried fruit Mahkota Dewa it is known that the number of general germs or TPC and Fungus Yeast in oven dried fruit is more than that of the sun dried which is 1.8 × 10 5 CFU / gram and 3.9 × 10 4 CFU / gram. The proximate content of the Mahkota Dewa syrup is 1.43% protein, 0.09% fat, 70.16% carbohydrate, 28.18% water content and 0.14% ash content.

The economic value of coconut water can be increased through its conversion into a functional drink of coco vinegar powder having antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. The fermentation of coconut water into coco-vinegar is more beneficial and cheaper than the chemical routes. Nevertheless, to guarantee product stability and increase the fermentation rate, the fermentation process must be controlled. Bubble bio-fermentation is an applicative technique in upgrading the production scale and in preserve the coco vinegar quality due to its unique characteristics i.e.: simple design, fixed part, controlled flow and agitation, uniform space-time, larger contact area, lower energy input, larger capacity, and higher mass transfer rate. This research objective was to investigate the influence of the parameter process i.e. sugar and alcohol concentration towards the formation of acetic acid in the coconut water fermentation. The research showed that bubble fermentation of coconut water was proven as a potential method for the coco vinegar production process. The bubble bio-fermentation of coconut water conducted by the addition of 8% of sugar, 10% of ethanol and 15% of Acetobacteracetii inoculum and fermentation process for 21 hours was able to give a vinegar having acetic acid concentration up to 1.04%.

Staphylococcus is one of the most common types of bacteria in Asia that causes local infectious diseases of the skin, nose, urethra, vagina, digestive tract, pneumonia, endocarditis, septic arthritis, and septicemia. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most common types of Staphylococcus in Asia. Tea plants contain bioactive compounds and endophytic bacteria which are widely used as antimicrobial agents. Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that exist in plant tissues, not pathogenic, and have the ability as the host plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic bacterial isolates of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The antibacterial activity test of endophytic bacteria of tea plants includes a series of processes such as sample selection, surface sterilization of samples, isolation of endophytic bacteria in agar medium, screening, suspension of endophytic bacteria in 0.9 % NaCl and standardized with 0.5 McFarland, making endophytic bacterial culture in nutrient broth medium, making endophytic bacterial supernatant and antibacterial activity test with paper disc diffusion method. The result is that there is an antibacterial activity from the endophytic bacterial supernatant isolates B14, B23, and A2 to the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The best antibacterial activity was found in endophytic bacterial B14 isolates with inhibition zones of 7.75 mm and 12.5 mm followed by B23 isolates with 7.5 mm and 8.25 mm inhibition zones and A2 isolates with large inhibition zones of 7.42 mm and 8.16 mm. Endophytic bacteria of tea plants showed antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

This research was conducted to realize a nutrient solution concentration control system using web interface monitoring. The hydroponic system only relies on nutrient solutions whose nutrient levels must be maintained to anticipate the increase in acidic acid levels of the nutrient solutions. The provision of monitoring and recording changes in hydroponic system nutrition is very helpful in maintaining the quality of hydroponic agricultural production. The provision of data from electrical power measurements needs to be supported by information technology, especially remote data measurement technology. This remote data monitoring uses a wireless network system using a TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) sensor, Arduino DUE microcontroller, WiFi module and internet connection for the observation process. The TDS sensor used previously was characterized and calibrated. The data obtained by the sensor is used to exercise control before sending it to the thingspeak.com channel to be recorded and displayed in realtime. In testing the sensor TDS meter error of 2.88%. The results of the test for 2 hours obtained the results of the control system can increase the nutritional PPM from 213 PPM to 451 PPM within 30 seconds with a nutrient enhancer sample of 779 PPM, and decrease from 779 PPM to 431 PPM within 70 seconds with a water-enhancing sample of 213 PPM for the 445 PPM set point. In the second test result for 2 hours, the control system results can increase the nutritional PPM from 215 PPM to 814 PPM within 30 seconds with a nutrient enhancer sample of 956 PPM, and decrease from 956 PPM to 754 PPM within 40 seconds with a water-enhancing sample of 215 PPM for the 780 PPM set point. PPM value of nutrients can be affected by the presence of other solids such as sand which dissolves with water.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) requires large amounts of silica for its growth. This study aims to determine the response of leaf anatomy and agronomic performance of several rice varieties to the application of Silica fertilizer. The study was conducted in the first rainy season of 2018 (November 2017 to March 2018 in Semanu, Gunungkidul, Indonesia. The study was arranged in factorial, the first factor was 4 rice varieties (V1 = Inpari blast, V2 = Inpari 42, V3 = Ciherang, and V4 = Inpari 33), the second factor is the treatment of Silica fertilizer dosage (P1 = 250 kg / ha of Silica fertilizer; P2 = 500 kg / ha of Silica fertilizer, P3 = 1,000kg / ha of husk ash, and P4 = 750 kg / ha of Silica fertilizer). Observing agronomic traits including plant height, number of productive tillers, number of filled grains per panicle, and productivity). In addition to observing agronomic traits, microscopic observations of leaf anatomy were also carried out with thick upper and lower epidermal cells, cuticles in the upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll thickness in major and minor intervenous regions. The data obtained were analyzed for variance (ANOVA = Analysis of variance) and Duncan's advanced test using SAS version 9.2. The results showed that the administration of silica fertilizer increased rice growth and productivity as well as increasing the thickness of the epidermis and upper and lower cuticles both in major and minor intervenous. The highest productivity was achieved by Inpari 42 varieties in the application of 750 kg Silica fertilizer/ha (9.69 ton/ha Harvested Dry Grain).

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic natural polymer and comprises about 25% of straw biomass. Nanolignin biosynthetic production method is a simple method and safely better than chemical or physical methods. It has an interest in using lignin in more advanced applications. In particular, lignin-based nanoparticles could find potential application use in functional surface coatings, nano glue, drug delivery, microfluidic devices, and food additive. This study aimed to optimize Lactobacillus bulgaricus in nano lignin synthesis, the effect of the incubation period and freeze-drying on the quality of the nanolignin. Lignin particles were biosynthesized using rice straw and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in a dark place with a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. Lignin nanoparticle was characterized using Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Theresults indicated that nano lignin has a spherical and amorphous shape. The average size of particles is 101.6 nm with an incubation period of 24 hours, 57.2 nm with an incubation period of 48 hours, and 276.9 nm with an incubation period of 72 hours. The incubation periods affect the size and shape of nanolignin and also show that the lignin chemical structure is within the nanoparticle formation process. Samples using freeze-drying enable have natural antibacterial compounds and have phenolic fragments containing recommended for nano preservatives.

Bioethanol is one of the alternative energy sources that answer the current energy crisis problems. The advantage of bioethanol compared to the fuel oil (BBM) is biodegradable. It contains an octane and high oxygen so it is flammable and reducing global warming emissions. Recently, the main ingredient of bioethanol has entered the third generation which is using microalgae. Anabaena sp. is one of the microalgae types from cyanobacteria which has the advantage of being used as bioethanol because it has carbohydrate biomass of about 20-30%. This research is aimed to produce bioethanol from microalgae Anabaena sp. The bioethanol production method used SSF because the advantage showed the converted polysaccharides into monosaccharides did not return to polysaccharides. It was caused monosaccharides directly fermented into ethanol. The use of one reactor reduced the cost of the process in the equipment used. This research was conducted in several stages, namely the preparation of raw materials, acid hydrolysis using H₂SO₄ 1 M, and fermentation with the help of Saccharomyces cerevisiae microorganisms anaerobically. The results showed that using the SSF method was able to produce ethanol levels of 7%.

Turbinaria sp. is one of the species of the brown algae class that has extraordinary prospects for human health. The potential of the brown algae makes it a target for the search for sources of beneficial bioactive compounds in the pharmaceutical world. However, a serious problem in the development of bioactive compounds from these biotas is the problem of supply, because to obtain a relatively small number of active compounds requires a large number of marine organisms. It was reported that there are associations of microorganisms with brown algae which are thought to synthesize secondary metabolites such as the host organism. The presence of bacteria that is symbiotic with brown algae has made it possible to use these organisms as the main source of bioactive compounds from the marine. KRT-7 isolate is a pink bacterial isolate from the Turbinaria sp. collected from Menjangan Kecil, Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia. This isolate has been known to produce bio pigment and genes coding for its bioactive compounds. However, the physiological morpho character and its molecular identity are unknown. The study aims to determine the morphophysiological character and molecular identification of the prospective isolates. The research results obtained will contribute a scientific finding of the prospect of genetic diversity of Indonesian marine bacterial isolates and their corridor utilization as a source of bioactive compounds.

Research to know the effect of anti-inflammatory of infuse bryophyllum pinnatum (Kalanchoe pinnata) against edema on leg thigh Swiss Webster male mice and to see relationships increased concentrations with increased anti-inflammatory effect. This research was conducted in the Science Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Agriculture, and Biology of the Bangka Belitung University. The method: The animals test that used were 25 Swiss Webster male mice were divided into 5 groups, namely group I: negative control (aquadest), group II: positive control (aspirin), group III, IV, V given infuse bryophyllum pinnatum (Kalanchoe pinnata) with concentrations 20%, 40%, and 80%. This research uses a method by injecting acetic acid in mice thigh. The measured data is a murine thigh volume for 3 hours using a caliper. Data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis, the results showed that there were no significant differences as a value greater than 0.05 is 0.533. This suggests that increasing the concentration did not give a considerable influence on the volume of edema thigh male mice Swiss Webster. From the Mann Whitney test between the concentration of 20%, 40%, 80%, and negative controls showed that the difference in significance because of the value of significantly less than 0,05. This shows that there is a potential infusion of leaves bryophyllum pinnatum (Kalanchoe pinnata) towards healing leg edema in the thigh swiss webster male mice.

The Ampari tribe has a variety of biological diversity especially of food plant species, Our studied focus on an ethnobotanical research project conducted in the Menawi village, Kabupaten Yapen Province Papua, regarding the use of plants as a food source that has been used as food for Ampari tribe in Papua. The research was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 in-depth structured interview, observation around the local community. Altogether, the use of 53 species from 31 famili of food vegetables has been recorded, Corresponding to this research have been collected and analyzed The majority of Ampari tribe using Arecaceae, including Metroxylonspp, Areca catechu L, Cocos nucifera Land Nypafruticans Wurmbthose represent native species from Papua and majority Ampari tribe used Metroxylonspp as a staple food. Areca catechu, Cocos nucifera L., Nypafruticans Wurmbwere used as an alternative food for beverage ingredients. The consumption of these resources is still quite popular practice in this region.

Chaetoceros is one of the largest genera of microalgae that has more than 400 species and it is the primary producer in the marine ecosystem. Chaetoceros sp. has some of the pigment which is very important for their survival including chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. This study aims to identify Chaetoceros sp. from Gondol Bali using ITS fragments, to understand its phylogenetic relationship between microalgae-based on their antioxidant activity. The results of ITS fragments identification and antioxidant activity of Chaetoceros sp. will be used to develop further research related to its potency. The method for microalgae DNA isolation was conducted using the Doyle and Doyle method following with amplification using ITS4 and ITS5 primer. Then, the sequences will be analyzed. The antioxidant activity will be performed by the DPPH method. The results of DNA isolation showed the concentration and purity for about 2842.1 ng / µl and1.97 respectively. PCR products from the amplification of the ITS fragment produced 882 bp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chaetoceros sp. from Gondol Bali had a close relationship with C. muelleri KF 998567.1 and the antioxidant activity test showed IC50 values were about 72,386 ppm.

The different duck husbandry techniques, the type of feeds, and environments are believed to have an impact on the diversity of duck's gut microbiome. This research has the objective to examine the diversity of gut microbiome of duck in different husbandry models, i.e., cage and non-cage. The research design was an exploratory study. Duck samples were taken purposively from both cage (CG) and non-cage (NCG) methods at local duck farms in Gunungpati, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Five grams of duck intestinal samples were prepared for DNA isolation, 16S rRNA gene amplification in the V3-V4 region and were sequenced with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method: metagenomics. The 16S metagenomic analysis was performed using QIIME2 (Ver. 2019.4). The most dominant gut bacteria that found in both CG and NCG was Family Enterobacteriaceae, Phylum Proteobacteria and followed by Lactobacillaceae from Phylum Firmicutes. However, the bacterial diversity map in family level was not shown a significant trend between CG and NCG. There were 851 shared species belongs to NCG and CG; it means that more than 800 same bacteria species build up the gut ecosystem both in NCG and CG. It is likely because of similar feed and environmental condition from the two husbandries. The diversity of duck gut microbiome in Gunungpati may be closely related to feeding, rearing techniques, and environments. The number of bacteria species in the non-caged duck (NCG) was higher than CG or caged duck.

Synthesis of Ionic Imprinted Polymer (IIP)-Au have been carried out using polyeugenoxy acetate (PA) as the base polymer. IIP is formed through the transfer of a basic polymer with a metal template which is then crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and the release of the metal template using acid. Non Imprinted Polymers are also synthesized for use as a comparison. Polymerization of up to IIP and NIP was carried out using infrared spectrophotometers and SEM-EDX. IIP and NIP are used to determine the rate and capacity of adsorption through kinetics and adsorption isotherms studies. Adsorption selectivity tests were carried out on a mixed metal solution system Au(III)/Cd(II), Au(III)/Pb(II), and Au(III)/Fe(III). The amount of adsorbed metal ions is calculated based on the remaining metal ions in the solution measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results of the adsorption of Au(III) metal ions in IIP and NIP followed the second-order pseudo and isotherm followed Langmuir. adsorption capacity in IIP-PA is (28,305 mg/g), and NIP-PA adsorption capacity is (45,080 mg/g). IIP adsorption selectivity is greater than NIP in binary solutions in the order of Au(III)/Cd (II)> Au(III)/Pb(II)> Au(III)/Fe(III).

Water purifying is an important process to get fresh water for human needs. Several treatments such as advanced filtering using activated carbon and chlorine have been done to get clean water. However, most of the previous treatments required complex maintenance and left a by product. The choice for disinfectant gas is going to ozone gas because it has a minor harmful impact on the environment. This work is to find related parameters and to formulate those parameters in the equation to predict disinfectant gas production in the silent discharge process. The theoretical analysis provides a general approach for the equation models and experimental results complete the required data for the regression technique to determine constants and terms in equation model at the saturated region. Finally, a proposed equation model has successfully produced a prediction curve that is matched with experimental results.

In this study, ozone was used to degrade an organic compound of methylene blue dye. The methylene blue was treated with ozonation using ozone generator and the degradation was observed as dye decolorization. Various parameters of ozonation such as contact time, pH, and temperature were chosen. The maximum ozonation of methylene blue degradation was at pH and contact time of 11 and 13 min, respectively. The effect of temperature on the destruction of methylene blue with ozone was obtained the highest result at temperature 35 °C. The LC-MS/MS results showed that ozonation caused degradation of methylene blue producing a compound with molecular weight of 208 g/mol as the unstable compound of N-(4-nitrophenyl) butanamide (C₁₀H₁₂N₂O₃). Finally, it formed stable fraction compound of 1-nitrocyclohexene (C₆H₉NO₂) with molecular weight of 127 g/mol which much safer and reduce the harmness of methylene blue in waste.

Natural zeolite is believed to be able to effectively reduce heavy metal levels in water. However, due to the weakness of natural zeolites which have a low surface area and impurity so that the adsorption ability of heavy metals becomes less optimal. Increasing the surface area by using high energy milling is expected to optimize the ability of adsorption. In this study, the particle size of natural zeolite was reduced by using high energy milling then activated with HCl and NH₄Cl. The adsorption process was carried out by mixing activated zeolite and activated zeolite milling(activated zeolite fine powder) in a solution of metal ions Zn(II) and Cd(II). SEM-EDX analysis showed a change in surface morphology size on activated zeolite milling and GSA indicated an increase in surface area from 69.48 m²/g to 97.9 m²/g. Activated zeolite tends to having a little bigger in ability of adsorption to Cd(II) ions and Zn (II) ions than activated zeolite milling in highest variation of concentration, 800 ppm. In optimum contact time of adsorption, activated zeolite could adsorp Cd(II) ions shorter nevertheless longer to Zn(II) ions than activated zeolite milling. Both of the zeolites have ability to adsorp Zn(II) ions more than Cd(II) ions.

Increasing significantly brain disease every year make difficult to help people who suffer disease in their brain. Drug delivery can be reached through a paracellular pathway. The use of the derivative cadherin peptides (ADT and HAV) to enhance the porosity in this pathway was investigated. The aim of this studied to determine the best conformation of cyclic ADTC7 peptide which interacts with EC1-EC2 domain of E-cadherin with energy binding and active sites parameters. The methods used in this study are: 1). MD simulation using GROMACS software, and 2). Molecular docking with AutoDock software. The variation used on MD simulation are atomic distances and constant restrains in atom S₁₄...S₇₈ for 20 ns. The result of MD simulation for 20 ns shows that the linear and cyclic ADTC7 peptide are -118,824.84 kJ.mol⁻¹ and -52,985.95 kJ.mol⁻¹, respectively. The best conformation of cyclic ADTC7 peptide with the EC1-EC2 domain of E-cadherin is C1 with the lowest binding energy of -24.56 kJmol-1. The active site at residues such as Val3, Ile4, Pro5, Pro6, Ile7, Ser8, Leu21, Val22, Gln23, Lys25. It has RMSD value less than 2 Å, low energy binding and low inhibition constant, a large population and a stable pose when validation docking.

Recently, phytotechnology has gained much attention due to its capability in treating wastewater by biological processes. Phytotechnology is the application of science and engineering to examine environmental problems and provide solutions by the direct use of plants for in situ removal or degradation of contaminants or improving environmental function and quality. This process using bacteria formed in the roots of the plant and it can be applied to treat the wastewater. In this phytotechnology process, it presents the potential for energy generation and comprehensive wastewater treatment in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) system, which in the process utilizes bacteria that can produce alternative electrical energy because of the activity of bacteria which can self-mediate electrons to the anode through contact between the membrane-anode. MFC are expected to be applied to energy-saving wastewater treatments (WWT). The combined of MFC and phytotechnology system have function to degrade organic compunds and remove contaminant contained in wastewater to produce bacterias that come out in the roots and then the bacterias will be used by electrodes to produce electricity. This paper will analyze the advantage and disadvantages of phytotechnology system while used to produce electrical energy by MFC system as hybrid system. Based on the existing research, show that phytotechnology has a lot of advantages. One of the advantages is promising low cost, highly efficient, and renewable energy-producing alternative to conventional wastewater treatments.

Purwoceng is a Medicinal plant commodity that has very beneficial content to health. Purwoceng is known as Indonesian ginseng, which has almost the same efficacy as Korean ginseng. In this research, the purwoceng chemical group was analyzed using the FTIR spectrum. Aside from analyzing the purwoceng chemical group, feasibility analysis and diversification of the purwoceng jelly were also carried out with physical analysis. Purwoceng has high economic value but its use is limited to medicine, therefore research on the formulation of purwoceng jelly as a new innovation was carried out. The process of making purwoceng jelly is to add gelatin and carrageenan to purwoceng extract according to the formula namely gelatin 26, 28, 24, 22 grams and carrageenan 7, 8 grams stirred until evenly mixed. Citric acid then added stirred till homogeneous and formed a sticky mixture. Then lift and pour into the mold. The produced jellies were then organoleptically tested, their level of preference and water content. The results show that the more carrageenan added, the more water content. Whereas organoleptic test formula II are more preferred. The results of the characterization of the FTIR spectrum indicate that purwoceng has chemical groups such as alcohol, carboxylic acid, esters.

The formation of polysulfone and its interaction with urea and creatinine have been evaluated at the density functional theory (DFT) level (B3LYP/6–31G^**) to study the transport phenomena in hemodialysis membrane at a molecular level. The energy interaction of PSf-creatinine and PSf-urea complexes are -3.87 kcal/mol and -6.31 kcal/mol, respectively; which were classified in weak hydrogen bond interaction. Furthermore, the size of the urea is smaller than creatinine by 5.6 and 3.2 Å, respectively. All data presented that urea has a stronger interaction with PSf than creatinine that indicated urea easier to transport in the PSf membrane than creatinine during the hemodialysis process.

This research aims to carry out the production of fatty acids through hydrothermal autocatalytic hydrolysis of palm oil. The production of commercial fatty acids is the hydrolysis of crude palm oil which is carried out using the Colgate-Emery process. This process is considered to be less efficient because the hydrolysis time is quite long, the conversion is relatively low and the product purification load is more complex in the presence of an acid catalyst. Hydrothermal autocatalytic hydrolysis is a liquid phase reaction which is maintained at a temperature of 100-374°C under certain pressure or referred to as subcritical water Research on the forming of fatty acids through autocatalytic hydrolysis of palm oil in a hydrothermal reactor was investigated experimentally. The research variables varied were temperature and reaction time. To conclude, as the reactor temperature increases and the hydrothermal reaction time is longer, the number of acids obtained increases, meaning that the fatty acids produced through the autocatalytic reaction get bigger.

Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that can be obtained easily in pharmacies/on the market, because it is traded freely, so people can easily buy and consume it. Ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metals are metal quite easy to find and are often used by the public. Metformin and Ferrous metal, aluminum metal and zinc metals are metal are quite familiar in the community. This research aims to deconcentrate metformin which can be obtained easily in pharmacies / on the market by electrolysis method, using ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metals are as an anode and carbon as the cathode. Electrolysis of metformin has been carried out using ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metal as an anode. The success of the electrolysis process was seen with a decrease in the sample COD index. In the case without the addition of electrolytes using ferrous metals, the COD index of the sample reduction was very low (9-17%). This research aims to increase the success of the electrolysis process, by adding various kinds of electrolytes, such as acetic acid (weak electrolytes), hydrochloric acid (strong electrolytes), sodium chloride and Fenton reagents. The addition of electrolytes can increase electrolysis yield significantly. The interaction between metformin during electrolysis is traced to the possibility of changes in the chromophore group (with UV-Visible spectra) and the functional group (with FTIR spectra) of the sample. From the research data obtained information that there is a decrease and shift in UV-Visible spectra and changes in functional groups after the electrolysis process occurs. The best electrolysis percentage is obtained, after adding NaCl solution and Fenton's reagent in the range of 50 -66%.

In this study, silica-rich zeolite was made at a ratio Si/Al = 30. The template used was cationic surfactant from quaternary ammonium, tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The CMC for TPABr (n – C₃H₇)4N is 10⁻³ M, and spherical micelle of CTAB is 8.9x10⁻⁴ M. The concentration of the TPAB and CTAB which used in this study were 0.0325; 0.125; 0.25 and 0.5 M. The results show that the type of synthesized zeolites are silica-rich sodalite with the crystal size 216 A°. The use of quaternary ammonium-based templates can increase crystallinity and reduce the size of silica-rich sodalite crystal grains but remain in the mesopore material size range. The concentration of the tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) template is very influential on surface area and pore volume, whereas for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) it affects surface area but not on pore volume. The largest surface area and pore volume of 96 m²/g and 3.4×10⁻² obtained for silica-rich sodalite using a landfill template at small concentrations.

Lead²⁺ is very dangerous heavy metal for the environment due to its toxicity and it requires a serious handling. A more efficient and effective method for handling is electrolysis using electrocoagulation. This method provides an electric current to the system, a redox reaction occurs followed by a coogulation process, which then absorbs Pb^{2 +} metal ions to form flocculants. the study covered electrocoagulation of artificial waste containing Pb²⁺, characterization of functional groups and compounds contained in flocculants. The two compartment reactor was used. It consisted of an anode (iron) and cathode (graphite) parts separated by a salt bridge. The anode was filled with 0.1M NaCl electrolyte solution, artificial waste of Pb(NO₃)₂. The cathode contained H₂O. Potential was set in the range of 1-6 V. Then the filtrate at the anode was analyzed by AAS and the precipitate was characterized by FTIR and SEM EDX. The results showed Pb metal waste was removed 43.2% by electrocoagulation method at a maximum voltage of 6 V. FITR result shows Fe-O in the wave numbers of 1117 and 111.99 cm⁻¹ and Pb-O in the wave numbers of 482.22 and 474.82 cm⁻¹. SEM analysis shows that the morphology has slightly changes. Elements contained by EDX analysis of the floc are iron, lead, oxygen, silica and sodium.

Synthesis of eugenol-divinylbenzene copolymers were carried out by reacting eugenol with various percent weight of divinylbenzene in a reactor at room temperature for 24 hours in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Methanol was used to quench the copolymerization process. The effect of DVB mass on copolymer properties was studied based on molecular weight, thermal stability, surface morphology and swelling degree of the copolymers produced. The weight percent of the added DVB was responsible for the molecular weight of the copolymer by multiplying the site for propagation in the copolymerization process. In addition, the greater DVB used the better thermal resistance of polymer is obtained, which is possibly due to the higher number of DVB causing the larger cross-linked polymer network to increase the polymer bond thermal resistance. The swelling degree value was also affected by the number of crosslinkers used, in which make the polymer material become harder to expand. However, the influence of the weight percent of DVB was not seen on the copolymer morphology.

Azometin compound has been synthesized from addition-elimination reaction between aromatic aldehyde compounds such as benzaldehyde, veratraldehyde, piperonal with primary amine compound from ethylenediamine. The presence of imine group (>C=N-), and alkoxy groups such as methoxy (-OCH₃) and methylenedioxy (-O-CH₂-O-) affected to their activity as antibacterials. In the synthesis of methoxy substituted azomethine compound from verataldehyde with ethylenediamine to produce N,N'-Bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene) ethylenediamine in the form of white powder has a melting point of 164.8–166.2°C and in about 36.08% yield. In the synthesis of methylenedioxy-substituted azomethine compound from piperonal with ethylenediamine produced N,N'-Bis(3,4-methylenedioxybenzylidene) ethylenediamine in the form of greenish-white solid has a melting point of 176,3–177,4°C and in about 67,88% yield. In the synthesis of non-substituted azomethine compound from benzaldehyde with ethylenediamine produced N,N'-Bis(benzylidene)ethylenediamine in the form of orange solid has a melting point of 110.2-111.4°C and in about 34.82% yield. Antibacterial activity of compound N,N'-Bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)ethylenediamine, N,N'-Bis(3,4-methylenedioxybenzylidene)ethylenediamine, and N,N'-Bis(benzylidene) ethylenediamine with inhibitory zone diameter 0, 25; 3,08; 0.06 mm in S.aureus bacteria (G⁺) and 3.26; 4.61; 3.48 mm in E.coli bacteria (G⁻).

From the technical side, analyzing the hydropower design planning that matches the conditions of the Belayan River. From the economic side, analyzing the feasibility of hydropower projects through investment costs along with cash flow to the economic life of the project, using several methods, namely Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PBP), Benefit Even Point (BEP), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B-CR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results of technical analysis with reliable discharge Q (10%) produce an output power of 439,4 MW with 4 generators, the power is then transmitted to the Melak Main Station with a distance of ± 100 km. Investment costs incurred in the planning of the construction of the Tabang hydro power plant (PLTA) in East Kalimantan is 3.673.356.951.235. The net present value (NPV) obtained is Rp.3.911.323.016.835 with a return on investment of 7.77 years and a break-even point for expenses and income in the 11,36 year. The ratio of project cost and benefit ratio is 1,32 and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) calculation is 19.53%. These results indicate that the plan to build a Tabang hydropower unit in East Kalimantan is economically feasible.

Silicified coal is formed by the enrichment of mineral in the coal seam. Due to the very hard form, silicified coal interferes with the effectiveness of mining causing more time for excavation. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and distribution of silicified coal in PT. Mitrabara Adiperdana Tbk, which is used as a reference for selective mining. This research has conducted mapping which includes surface and subsurface data collection and laboratory tests. Surface data includes geological structure, stratigraphy, distribution patterns and observations of megascopic characteristics of silicified coal inseam 3. Subsurface data include drill point and coal seam cross-sections in Sector Y. Laboratory analysis is carried out from the outcrop coal sample and overburden of seam 3. Silicified coal inseam 3 has two types, which are type A, which is more fragile, and type B which is harder. In general, silicified coal in the research area was formed on the coal layer that has direct contact with the tuffaceous sandstones. In fault areas, silicified coals are found along the fracture zone where coal seams come in contact with tuffaceous sandstones. Thus, the recommended mining area is based on the silicified coal distribution map.

Queue process is a process related to the arrival of customers in a service facility, waiting in line queue if it cannot be served, get service and finally leaves the facility after being served. Research on the queue process can be seen directly through the queue system. Queue models and their distribution were obtained using the Sigma Magic program. The model of the vehicle queue system at the Muktiharjo Automatic Toll Gate is (NORM/NORM/4):(GD/∞/∞). Based on the values of the queue system performance measures obtained through the MATLAB GUI program as a whole it can be concluded that the queue of vehicles at the Muktiharjo Automatic Toll Gate has a condition where the average number of vehicles estimated in the system every 30 minutes is 99,2564 vehicles. The average number of vehicles in the queue system every 30 minutes is 98,2557 vehicles. The waiting time in the system is estimated to be around 15,51732 seconds. The estimated waiting time in line is around 15,36084 seconds. The queue system has a busy opportunity for 63.2849%. The simulation of the vehicle queue system at the Automatic Toll Gate of Muktiharjo Toll Gate by using ARENA is optimal with 4 automatic toll booths.

Supply chain management (SCM) plays a great role in any company, a good SCM requires a good selection of all its components. One of the components is the raw material supplier selection that needs to consider both tangible and intangible factors in each supplier. Therefore, we can use fuzzy AHP which uses an intangible approach and fuzzy MOLP which uses a tangible approach. In this paper, we aim to use both methods to get the rank order of the best suppliers from all 5 suppliers in a woodworking company. The result shows that both methods can work together as the rank order from both methods gives the same result. However, sensitivity analysis is done in case both methods give different rank order. Sensitivity analysis shows that change in criteria from 10% to 100% make a variance in fuzzy AHP from 0% to 30% while fuzzy MOLP from 75% to 100%. That means fuzzy AHP is more robust than fuzzy MOLP. We also found that fuzzy AHP is influenced heavily by the expertise of the expert as two experts give different results while fuzzy MOLP is more objective-oriented using real data. These results suggest that each Method has its own characteristics that must be put into mind when we use it.

Inventory control in the industry has an important role in supply chain management to produce products according to management standards or quality standards based on consumer demand. In the apparel industry, inventory control is adjusted to the type of apparel product according to consumer demand. The research aims are to derive a multivariate inventory control model with multivariate capability analysis based on several types of apparel products as quality characteristics. The method in the research uses the T² Hotelling multivariate control chart and the multivariate capability indices for analysis apparel inventory control by management specification standards. We derived the T² Hotelling multivariate control chart and the multivariate capability indices using data with the assumption that multivariate data are controlled and has multivariate normal distribution Variable research uses quality characteristics that are grouped into two types of apparel products. This model is useful as a multivariate inventory control model that can manage the amount of production and supply of products based on probabilistic consumer demand.

The Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) is widely used as the beginning of consideration for investors to invest, because from the CSPI it can be known the general situation of market conditions is whether stock prices are experiencing an increase or decrease. This condition is characterized by a decrease or increase in the price of the CSPI. The Amount of Money Supply and the NASDAQ Index is thought to affect the price movements of the CSPI. The Amount of Money Supply has a nonparametric relationship pattern to the CSPI and the NASDAQ Index has a parametric relationship pattern to the CSPI. The correct method for conducting modeling is use the semiparametric spline truncated regression. The semiparametric regression spline truncated coefficient is estimated using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method which is determined based on the polynomial degree, much and the location of the optimum knot point is seen from the criteria of Mean Square Error (MSE). This study uses (Graphical User Interface) GUI R with the intention of facilitating the analysis process. The data used are monthly data from June 2014 to March 2019. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, the best semiparametric spline truncated regression model with order 3 with the optimal three knots is 4246.361, 4443.078, and 4730.38. Evaluation results the in-sample data model produces a coefficient of determination of 90.25%. The results of the performance evaluation of the out sample data model resulted in a MAPE value of 3770204% indicating the performance of the model was very good.

An optimization model of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is one of the methods used to determine the inventory order quantity that can minimize the cost of storage and the cost of ordering supplies. The optimization model in this paper is an optimization model of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) with financial constraints and market tolerance. Financial constraints include the limited capital available per period and the advanced payment. In the market tolerance factor, there are two periods of market tolerance and three levels of the backorder. Based on this model, numerical simulations can be formulated and carried out so that the best optimal solution was obtained when conditions are unlimited, complete backorder, no advanced payment and the market tolerance period is 0.2 with a total cost decrease of 28,92% and a total profit increase of 13,37% from the initial condition.

Institutional assessment in the current era is indispensable because of increasing global competition and economic and information growth. Assessment efforts were also carried out on various factors including improving the quality of lecturers, meeting study programs that were in line with national development needs, developing educational curricula, improving the quality of community services and research, and adding internal and external collaboration. It aims to strengthen management and governance so that it has good performance and makes the university a World Class University (WCU). Fulfillment of WCU criteria in faculties or departments is one of the steps to determine the strategy for achieving a tertiary institution by giving more weight to faculty excellence to encourage the use of relevant new criteria. Also, in the ranking process, there are different criteria or indicators in several ranking techniques in the world as a manifestation of performance appraisal of the overall implementation of the organization. Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) is a rating agency that evaluates university weaknesses and strengths and produces assessments that show achievement ratings. The QS ranking also has six indicators that are believed to illustrate the value of the university.

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) is a method to generate mass for all elementary particles in the Standard Model (SM). Even so, it turns out that the Higgs mass term in the Higgs potential, which responsible for the SSB, does not scale invariant. Based on this problem, instead of using SSB from the SM to explain the origin of mass, we erase Higgs's mass term from the SM Lagrangean and introduce a hidden sector Lagrangean to produce an alternative way to generate Higgs mass. We use Scalar Bilinear Condensate ineffective theory to obtain Higgs mass via the Higgs portal and generate the SSB. The hidden sector in this alternative model is described by an SU(N_CA) gauge theory with U(1)³ flavor. In the calculation, we use the Mean-Field Approximation Lagrangean in obtaining the vacuum of the potential to get a Higgs mass term in this model.

Train is one of the convenient transportation, it also reduce traffic jam in Jabodetabek. In order to maintain the convenience of passengers using train services, it is necessary to predict the number of train passengers as a consideration in the planning of Jabodetabek train services. In this study the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Holt-Winters methods are used to predict the number of Jabodetabek train passengers. SSA is a powerful technique for nonparametric time series analysis and forecasting, which decomposes the original time series into the sum of a small number of independent and interpretable components such as a slowly varying trend, oscillatory components and noise. Holt-Winters method are suitable methods for data that contains trends and seasonality. The Holt-Winters method is based on three smoothing equations, one for level, one for trend, and one for seasonality. SSA method in forecasting the number of Jabodetabek train passengers give lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value than Holt-Winters method. This means SSA method is better than Holt-Winters method in forecasting the number of Jabodetabek train passengers.

The problem in private universities in the developing country is that they have many computers in the computer laboratory but do not have enough resources to maintain it. The part of the computer that is most frequently damaged is a hard disk drive due to unstable electricity and causes many computers to become inactive due to universities inability to replace it. In this study, we present comprehensive research on reviving existing inactive computers with minimal expenditure. We use a combination of PXE, DHCP, TFTP, and VHD to implement the Network Boot System (NBS). In addition, we conducted simulations to measure the client's network booting time on HDD and SSD. The simulations were carried out using 15 client PCs booted simultaneously from NBS's server using two different master images on HDD and SSD. We found that all of the inactive computers could work normally. The use of SSD could increase the performance of NBS significantly. The expenditure cost to use mainstream SSD for an NBS's server is much lower than having to replace the HDD for the entire inactive computers. Those strengthen that an NBS is feasible to be used on low-cost laboratory computers.

Segmentation is one of the important stages in the speech recognition in the type of continuous speech. The segmentation phase serves to break the sentences into words that can be recognized by the computer. The quality of segmentation results can affect the results of the recognition that is done. This research examines the dynamic threshold used in the process of continuous speech segmentation and also proposes an Enhanced Blocking Block Area method in the Indonesian language domain. Three algorithms were compared (K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means, and Otsu) to find the best dynamic threshold and add morphological operations and overlapping to the blocking block area method to obtain the best segmentation accuracy. Based on the results of the research, the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm provides the best threshold results compared to the other two algorithms. By using the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm with the addition of morphology and overlapping, this study can improve the accuracy of continuous speech segmentation in the Indonesian Language from 24% to 90%.

Anomaly detection is important applied in various fields of application to determine errors in the system. By detecting it can minimize losses on the system. Anomaly detection can be done using several algorithms. One such algorithm is the Isolation Forest algorithm. Isolation Forest Algorithm is an efficient and effective algorithm in detecting anomalies. Isolation Forest has better performance than other algorithms in terms of execution time, especially in large datasets. Although the Isolation Forest algorithm has many advantages, there are still very few tools that provide this algorithm. One tool that provides the Isolation Forest algorithm is Scikit Learn. However, using special tools such as Scikit Learning requires sufficient time and experience to be able to manage the features of the tool. Thus, in this study the authors developed a web-based application that is used to assist users in assisting and improving the performance of Isolation Forests by using sample data sets, setting the parameters of Isolation Forests, visualization, and evaluation. This application was developed using the waterfall process model and CAPBL concept. In determining the features of the application, an analysis of features is based on the CAPBL concept with the business process of CRISP-DM. The software testing result shows that this application is fit to be used as a new solution to facilitate users who want to learn and analyze the performance of Isolation Forest.

Mozita is an application used by midwives to record and report the toddler nutritional status in the local health center (Puskesmas). In addition to nutritional status information, Mozita can present information that is used by heads of puskesmas, district health offices and provincial health offices for monitoring and decision making in terms of health policy based on nutritional status. To be able to increase application usage, feedback from users is needed. With USE Questionnaire-based usability testing covering aspects of Usefulness, Satisfaction and Easy of Use. Usability testing is focused on the interaction part of the user interface (midwife), as the main source of data collection. This study used 15 midwife respondents who were randomly drawn from puskesmas in the city area of Semarang. The technique used to measure usability testing is to provide an explanation and guidelines for using the Mozita application before respondents fill in the questionnaire using a Likert scale from 1 to 7. The questionnaire used is equipped with in-depth interviews for question items whose Likert scale value is less than equal to 3 The indepth interview aims to provide a focus on improving the Mozita application interface to suit user needs. The results of usability testing that has been done on the Mozita application shows that the value of the Usefulness component is 84.52%, Easy of Use is 83.53%, Easy of Learning is 80.95%, and Satisfaction is 85.03%. Based on the value of each component measured shows that the Mozita application has a high usability value that is equal to 83.52%, and makes it easy for users to carry out work more efficiently. Some user feedback related to satisfaction aspects, especially in the Mozita application layout section is still simple needs to be done for a better layout design.

In recent years, the business opportunities for freshwater fish potential utilization are very promising. Freshwater fish including pomfret, Nile tilapia, carp, goldfish, tilapia fish, snapper fish, and catfish have great economic value. They are usually exported in living conditions to several countries such as Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Malaysia. The business of fish particularly freshwater fish is one of the national income sources. As the forms of fish vary, it is important to distinguish the types of freshwater fish utilizing object detection. This detection can be done by implementing deep learning. MobileNet V1 is a deep learning model that can be used for object detection or image classification. MobileNet V1 can work on smartphones or other embedded devices that still produce high-level accuracy. In this study, MobileNet V1 was trained with learning rate parameters 0.0004 and epoch 20.000. The use of these parameters obtained an accuracy rate of 90% in the detection of types of freshwater fish.

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. One way that can be done to reduce the number of death cases is to do early detection using MicroRNA data. MicroRNA is one of the cancer biomarkers that can help in the classification process. MicroRNA can be used to identify whether a cell is a cancer cell or not even in the earliest stages. The deep Neural Network (DNN) method consists of two or more layers of self-learning units (hidden units). The weight of hidden units that are fully connected between two layers can be learned automatically. However, DNN still has a weakness which is the changes in the distribution of each layer's inputs that cause problems, because the layers need to continue to adapt to the new distribution and produce less optimal accuracy values. This research was conducted to get the best architectural selection of the DNN method used for breast cancer classification using MicroRNA data. The results of the DNN method with the best architecture obtained was 3 hidden layers with 200 hidden units each, 30% dropout rate in the combination of the ReLU, ReLU, ReLU activation functions and the learning rate of 0.04 resulting in the highest accuracy of 94.58% with a specificity of 96.45% and sensitivity of 91.02%.

In managing the student study process, there is a pattern that occurs repeatedly every year. The recurring data will produce information in the form of student profiles, entry paths, student academic results, study period, average graduate-level and much other information as long as students take the process of teaching and learning activities. This research was conducted to predict student performance and e-learning satisfaction at the Computer Science department in Mulawarman University using the Association Rules method and Importance Performance Analysis. The sample in this study was 389 data of computer science graduate students. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the graduation rate of computer science students of the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, as follows; students who have graduated most have a GPA interval of 2.76 - 3.50 with male gender and take a study period of more than 6 years which has a support value of 0.321 and a confidence value of 0.628. Their perception of e-learning according to IPA coordinates community, collaboration, materials, social media, knowledge, synthesis, application, understanding, multimedia, evaluation, video, and news in quadrant II has a high level of importance with a relatively high level of performance and must be maintained.

The problem of mass fish mortality in Indonesia is already common and generally occurs. Environmental conditions determine the survival of fish. Acidity (pH) is one of the important things in determining the water quality of water. real-time information about pH water is important to avoid the danger of mass fish dies because of unhandled water pH. Network Infrastructure devices comprise those devices that facilitate the movement of data along with the communication media. the difference between the station distance and the wireless access point does not affect the change in the bitrate of each station QoS measurements based on data distribution delay. Shows that if the wireless sensor's connectivity in sending data acquisition pH from the node station to the web service, Delay data transmission affects the accuracy of the measurement and presentation of data on the cloud server.

Analyzing customer purchasing patterns can help minimarket expand marketing strategies by gaining insight into which items are often bought together by customers. Also, transaction data is a source of information available at the convenience store and one thing that can be used for business decision making. In this paper, we aim to use the Apriori algorithm method to obtain consumer purchasing patterns to analyze consumer purchasing patterns. This system uses a priori algorithm calculation method where the input data is consumer transaction data. Transaction data will be sorted and calculated by providing a minimum support value and a minimum confidence value. In this study, the authors conclude that the results of the analysis of information systems in determining consumer purchasing patterns can be as information to determine sales and in the application of Apriori algorithms can provide information in the form of a combination of consumer purchase patterns based on consumer transaction data with a minimum support value above 10% and the minimum confidence value is above 65%.

Two main pollutant components produced by vehicle exhaust gas are hydrocarbon (HC) and monoxide carbon (CO). At the car service center, these two gasses are measured using a commercial instrument called as automotive emission analyzer (AEA). However, this instrument is not practicable for personal daily used. Problems that would be discussed in this publication involving how to design and build a simple and portable instrument for measuring HC and CO gasses. The objective of the published research is to measure HC and CO gasses and then displayed them in the Android-based smartphone. In the designing and building step, MQ-2 and MQ-7 sensors were used to detect HC and CO gasses respectively. The produced data of MQ-2 and MQ-7 sensors were processed and calculated using Arduino and then the results were sent to be displayed in the Android-based smartphone. The result showed that MQ-2, MQ-7 with Arduino was successfully implemented for building portable HC and CO measuring instruments. When compared to commercial AEA, the measurement resulted from the developed instrument has an average error of 2 ppm for HC and 0.0075% for CO.

Smart City is one of the Smart Initiatives that tries to provide solutions to parking problems that are found in big cities. The growth of the vehicle population is not matched by the growth of parking infrastructure, which raises various problems such as illegal parking, traffic jams, and driving safety. Thanks to the massive evolution of the Internet of Things, the Smart Parking idea became a breakthrough in solving the growing parking problem. In this paper, we explain the prototype development of the Smart Parking System using the Internet of Things which has three subsystems, namely embedded systems, as well as Android and web-based applications. Smart Parking System's software was developed using the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) method and has been tested using black-box testing with 41 test cases that were successfully received.

Advertising is a form of mass education for people to learn that something exists in a market. In this post-information era, from consumer products to consumer services, every company in various businesses such as airlines, the marketplace, even education have used various advertising media to raise public awareness of the brand. It can be concluded that to raise awareness of a product or public services, advertising is one of the essential parts as well as in the field of education. The study has a purpose to design a board game advertising a program in a university. The board game has the element of advertisement concealed, making the students able to enjoy searching for information about the university and increasing their will to learn about the university. This study results in a board game prototype "Flow Into The System" game tested towards 29 high school students and 9 college students in the age range of 19 to 23. The questionnaires from 38 respondents have been analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis. The finding of analysis proves that the game can make the respondents want to play it again and again because the game is fun to play, making their bonds stronger, and being perceived as useful.

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone found in Artemisia cina having many medicinal properties. Artemisinin produced and stored in Glandular trichomes The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shade 0%, 50% and 75% on the density and size of glandular trichomes and the content of artemisinin in A.cina tetraploid plants. The shade treatment significantly affected the density and size of glandular trichomes and the content of artemisinin in Artemisia cina tetraploid. 50% shade treatment showed the highest density of Glandular trichome, the width of glandular trichomes, and Artemisinin content. The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a very significant relationship between the density of glandular trichomes and the content of artemisinin.

The proposed method of rice growth classification model based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which had implemented towards LANDSAT images gives the highest accuracy value of 83.4% with the following parameters including batch size 32, drop out 0.5 and band 432. The batch size value is inversely proportional to the level of accuracy obtained, which means the greater the batch size value, the smaller the average level of accuracy obtained, whereas there is no correlation between the change in the drop out value and the accuracy value and in general the best accuracy value in the drop out value is 0.5.

Nutrition is a substance that the body needs in order to function properly. The impact of nutrition experienced by the mother can affect the fetus, one of which is less than normal body weight. Maternal nutritional intake is less influential on fetal growth regarding lack of weight, so it requires breakthroughs by using information systems that can provide convenience to understand, teach, connect, motivate, and empower individuals in overcoming problems. This paper is focused on discussing the implementation of information systems for the management of malnutrition in pregnant women. This research design uses a systematic review literature review with international journals. From the review, it can be concluded that the information system can affect the management of nutritional problems such as detecting, diagnosing and providing solutions in the form of health education based on expert / expert recommendations easily and quickly.

Improvement in quality health care has now become a must that both developed and developing countries work on improving their health care system, especially in midwifery emergencies, using information systems. UNICEF has developed a midwifery referral system with its program known as Expanding Maternal and Newborn Survival to speed up the referring process. AHP is one of the information system procedures that support decision making to speed up the determination of health care facilities. This research discusses some journal articles by conducting a detailed analysis of their preliminary studies, research objectives, achievement indicators, variables, and methods used. It is expected that readers can briefly learn some benefits of AHP in health care. This research employed the PRISMA protocol guidelines. Chosen journal articles are full papers published in reputable journals. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were also implemented in choosing proper journal articles for this systematic literature review. It is found that the implementation of AHP in any type of health care service has proven to be very effective. It is expected that this literature review can serve as a reference for the implementation of AHP in health care based on practice evidence.

Information technology systems can improve efficiency, quality of service, security and improve the quality of diagnosis, especially in the incidence of neonatal jaundice, because the incidence of jaundice that is not monitored can cause increasingly severe problems so that it can cause kernicterus and can also cause death in neonatal. This paper is focused on analyzing the contribution of information technology systems to health problems especially neonatal jaundice. The study design uses a systematic literature review with international journals in electronic databases. Journal criteria used the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) technique from 2011-2019. This systematic literature review concludes that information technology systems have a role in health care, wherefrom several technologies have proven to be able to detect, diagnose, treatment and education that is easy, fast, effective and can be used whenever needed in overcoming the problem of neonatal jaundice. However, the use of information technology systems has not been comprehensive so that it needs development especially in areas with limited access.

Family planning is an arrangement aimed at forming a prosperous family by limiting the number of births by using contraception. Birth control can reduce unwanted pregnancies, high-risk pregnancies, and prevent maternal death. One of the information systems that has been used in the health world is the immunization day reminder and management of hospital activities. The reminder system is effective as a reminder of the immunization schedule. This wireless technology helps health workers quickly and practically in health services. The use of information systems in family planning programs can support the success of family planning, one of which is to reduce the number of family planning failures and the proper use of family planning. This study uses the PRISMA protocol guidelines. The referenced journals come from various sources that have good publishing credibility and can be accounted for. This study discusses how information systems play a role in the success of family planning programs. The method used in this article is a systematic literature review. This study discusses a number of journals by examining in detail in preliminary studies, research objects, performance indicators, variables and methods applied So as to briefly learn the benefits of information systems as a tool for the success of family planning in midwifery services.

Sistem Pencatatan Piutang (SIPETANG) is a recording account receivable system used by every District Attorney Satker Pidsus (Satpid) and High Prosecutor's Office of Finance (Bidkeu) in Central Java. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the SIPETANG correlation between aspects of ease of use, ease of learning, and confidence with the skills of users. The sample of this study was the District Attorney Satpid in central Java totaling 20 respondents. The questionnaire was used to collect responses regarding the use of SIPETANG. Each aspect of the questionnaire made several questions using the Likert scale, namely 1 = strongly disagree; 2 = disagree; 3 = quite disagree; 4 = quite agree; 5 = agree; and 6 = very agree. The analysis shows that there are a strong correlation and direction of a positive relationship between the aspects used in the paper.

The Government of Pekalongan Regency has implemented e-Government, one of them is the official website of the Pekalongan Government. The website is managed by the Communication and Information Office of the Pekalongan Regency. The website is expected to improve the quality of governance. However, the Government of the Pekalongan Regency has never conducted an evaluation of website management. Therefore, evaluation of website management is needed to ensure that the website has supported governance and is in line with the Pekalongan Regency Government goals. The evaluation carried out refers to the COBIT 5 framework. COBIT 5 was chosen because it can help to align government goals with the website goals. The evaluation was carried out with several domains obtained through mapping the vision and mission of Regent of Pekalongan Regency to COBIT goals. Based on the mapping results, 3 domains were selected namely APO01 (manage the IT management framework), DSS03 (manage problems), MEA01 (monitor, evaluate, and assess performance and conformance). Each domain is assessed to get a capability level. From the assessment results obtained each domain is at level 3 (established process) that is the activity in the domain has been managed in a structured ad in accordance with standards.

Koperasi Pegawai Republik Indonesia Universitas Diponegoro (KPRI Undip) consists of various service units. One of them is Unit Simpan dan Pembiayaan that provides savings and loan services from and only to members. Currently KPRI UNDIP already uses computer-based accounting systems and information system that can help administrative and operational processes become effective and more efficient. This research aim is to identifying IT IT Governance condition using COBIT 5 framework. From the mapping process the scope of IT governace audit are EDM01, EDM02, EDM05, APO10, BAI06, DSS01, DSS02, DSS03, DSS04, DSS06, and MEA0, which selected to identify IT governace KPRI UNDIP condition. The result is that in domain EDM01, EDM02, EDM05, APO10, BAI06, DSS03, DSS04, DSS 06 and MEA01 at level 0. As for the domain DSS01 and DSS02, and DSS06 are at level 1.

Malaria has been a health problem in Indonesia, including in sub-district Kaligesing, district Purworejo of Central Java Province. Malaria has also been identified as an endemic especially in the villages of Jatirejo, Kaliharjo, and Somongari. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of malaria incidence based on distribution of cases, surrounding house related cases, and the Anopheles breeding place of malaria vectors. This descriptive based research with a case study approach investigated 61 malaria cases as respondents from 2016-2018 in Jatirejo, Kaliharjo and Somongari Villages sampled using total population method. The chosen variables were behaviour and environment of the respondents in relation to the presence of Anopheles vector breeding grounds. Data were analyzed descriptively and displayed in tables and maps. The results of the analysis showed that the average age of the malaria sufferer was 34 years old, male (60.7%), and most of them (45%) were coconut farmers. The most common symptoms of malaria experienced by respondents were fever, chills, headaches, and night sweats. In addition, 24.6% did not use insecticide-treated netting while sleeping. Spatially, the highest distribution of malaria cases was identified in Jatirejo Village, as its topography is plateau with a plantation area. Meanwhile, the existence of breeding places was found surrounding respondents' houses. To prevent from having malaria, people have been advised to take precautions by wearing long clothes when going out at night, using repellents/anti-mosquito treatments, providing larvicides at breeding sites around their house.

Radiological examination of the head bone is an integral part in the management of patients suffering from head trauma. This is because X-ray of the head bone is still quite significant in diagnosing fractures of the head bone. X-ray examination of cases of injury to the facial bones required two times the examination of the lateral head of high and low intensity x-ray to produce different image information due to heterogeneity of the head bone. At this time there is no method to improve image quality by combining the two images. in this study a method of improving image quality with fusion on high-low lateral head bone radiographs is proposed. This research is an experimental study to compare two variables measured from unequal (free) samples, where the group that is compared is more than two, namely the quality of lateral images of high intensity head, low intensity and fusion. Image quality assessment is done using a histogram which is then analysed using the Friedman test. The results showed that the average gray level on the highest histogram was sequentially at high intensity, fusion and finally at low intensity. The statistical test results obtained p value 0.007 which means that there are differences in the quality of lateral head images at high intensities, low intensities and fusion. Fusion image quality obtained grey level values that are between high and low intensity images, this illustrates that using of image fusion is able to provide more complete image information.

Diabetes mellitus disease is disease which abnormal metabolism for a long time, because pancreas can not be able to produce insulin hormone be enough, or because body can not be able to use insulin hormone has been produced by effective. A stroke occurs if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a portion of the brain is blocked. Without oxygen, brain cells start to die after a few minutes. Sudden bleeding in the brain also can cause a stroke if it damages brain cells. These objectives are finding significant factors which cause diabetes mellitus disease and determine ordinal regression model. Ordinal regression model is used to look for probability and reliability functions of a patient has stroke disease. The method used to three link functions, that are logit link function, normit link function, and cloglog link function. Testing of homogeneity prediction result of link functions uses linear hypothesis test. Factors caused diabetes mellitus are body mass index, high density lipoprotein, and albuminuria. These factors cause to diabetes mellitus and stroke could be used to prevent diseases, in order to all persons are healthy and happy. The result that probability of a patient with macroalbuminuria has stroke greater than microalbuminuria and a patient with microalbuminuria has stroke greater than normal. Probability of patient with macroalbuminuria by logit, normit, and clogloc link functions is decrease, respectively. Probability of patient with microalbuminuria by logit, normit, and cloglog link functions is increase, respectively. Reliability of a patient with macroalbuminuria, normal, and microalbuminuria have stroke, respectively, is decrease. Reliability of patient with macroalbuminuria by logit, normit, and clogloc link functions, respectively, is increase. Reliability of patient with microalbuminuria by logit, normit, and clogloc link functions, respectively, is zero. All of link function methods yield estimation probability value is the same. AIC value of logit link function, normit link function, and cloglog link function are, respectively, 167.6826, 168.3965, and 169.6107. These results are same by the result of linear hypothesis analysis that AIC values are not different meanwhile their AIC values are not equal. Therefore, logit model, normit model and cloglog model could be used to predict probability with result almost same.

Brain MRI examination using contrast media can improve detection of brain metastases. The fat saturation technique is recommended to suppress large amounts of signals from fat and improve contrast enhancement. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in SNR values and anatomical image information on post-contrast Brain examination between T1-Weighted Spin Echo and T1-Weighted SPIR sequences in metastatic cases. The study is a quantitative experimental. The results of the study were obtained based on Radiologist's assessment and SNR measurement from gray matter, white matter, ventricular, cerebrospinal fluid, and pathological lesions. Analysis of this research data using the Wilcoxon sign rank test statistic. There is a significant difference between the SNR value of the two sequences. The results in anatomical information showed no difference. T1W sequence Spin echo had better visualization in gray matter, and white matter, while T1W SPIR sequence had advanced in pathological lesions appearance.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of neem leaf ethanol extract as an herbal antihyperlipidemia agent on white rats induced by high fat ration. The white rat used was male Wistar strain with 2 months of age and average body weight of approximately 200 grams. The rats were divided into 6 groups of 4, namely: Negative control (P0) was given commercial ration, positive control (P1) was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / g BW, P2 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 8 mg / g BW simvastatin in 1 ml of distilled water, P3 was given high-fat ration and duck egg yolk orally 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 75 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water, P4 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 100 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water, and P5 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 125 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water. The variables observed were total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG levels. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with 95% confidence level using SPSS 10.0 software. The results showed that administration of the ethanol extract of neem leaf (A. indica) can raise levels of HDL, lowering levels of LDL cholesterol and TG in blood serum of white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.).

Diabetic ulcers are open sores on the skin through into the dermis, which if not properly managed, can increase amputation cases. Over the past few decades, ozone generated using plasma medical technology has been investigated to have the ability as an agent that helps wound healing. This study aims to evaluate the effect of topical ozonated VCO on the diabetic wound healing in the diabetic mice model. This study was an experimental study with post-test control design. Ulcer wound model was made in 50 diabetic male Wistar mice. They are divided into 5 groups, the first group (control) was given conventional therapy and the other groups (treatment) were given conventional therapy and topical ozonated VCO with different flow durations (0 min, 90 min, 7 h, 14 h). Then, the characteristics of wound healing (macroscopic and wound lengths) were observed in day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. The results of this study showed that the reduction of wound length was proportionally related to the duration of ozone flow. Topical VCO with the longer duration of ozone flow would heal the wound more quickly and had the shortest wound length at the end of the observation. VCO with ozone flow for 14 hours (16837.10 µm) had the biggest reduction of wound length, following by VCO with ozone flow for 7 hours (14209.64 µm), 90 minutes (14071.96 µm), 0 minutes (8531.99 µm), and control group (6370.77 µm). Therefore, we concluded that topical ozonated VCO improved diabetic wound healing process in diabetic ulcer mice model and can be used as adjuvant therapy for diabetic ulcers.

The spread of HIV infection one of which is affected by cell to cell transmission. A dynamical model of HIV-1 infection in CD4⁺T cells with considering viral transmission from cell to cell and antibody response is constructed in this paper. Antibody response determines viral load in early HIV-1 infection. The existence and stability of the equilibrium is investigated by the basic reproduction ratio. The local stability of uninfected equilibrium is analyzed using Routh Hurwitz linearization. After investigating the local stability, we construct a Lyapunov function to investigate the global stability of endemic equilibrium. Numerical simulation is given to illustrate the control of HIV-1 infection based on the effect of antibody response and the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment.

Liver cancer is one of the highest causes of death in the world. According to IARC data in 2018, the number of cases of liver cancer reached 841,080 cases and 781,631 of them declared dead. One effort that can be done to reduce cases of death from liver cancer is early detection by doing a classification on MicroRNA data. MicroRNA can be used to identify whether a cell is a cancer cell or not at the earliest stages. MicroRNA data studied was obtained from the GDC Data Portal of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The Deep Neural Network (DNN) method is one of the methods that can be used in classifying cancer. Data normalization in the DNN method brings input values with an unlimited range into a limited range of output values. Data normalization at data pre-processing work more optimally by adding activation functions and Batch Normalization in each hidden layer. Different types of normalization and use of different activation functions can be compared to get the best accuracy value for DNN. This study compares three types of data normalization, namely Min-Max, Sigmoid, and Softmax. Whereas the activation functions being compared are ReLU, Sigmoid, and TanH. The results showed the best accuracy for the classification of liver cancer with MicroRNA data obtained using Min-Max data normalization, ReLU activation function, batch normalization with parameters of 2 hidden layers, 200 epochs, and 0.004 learning rate with an accuracy value reaching 98.33%.

Mathematical modeling can describe about how the epidemic model like virus HIV/AIDS interaction with human, from susceptible individual become individual AIDS. Furthermore, the model is built in the acceleration fraction how fast susceptible individuals can be asymptomatic HIV infected individuals. It can be solved to get the point of free disease and its stability, and also to get endemic point and its stability. The stability for the free disease will get from the Routh's criterion stability, and for the endemic will be analyzed by Lyapunov function. In the paper, the point of free disease will be asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction of the model less than one, and the point of endemic will stable with Lyapunov if the basic reproduction more than one.

A decrease in one or more parameters of red blood cells: hemoglobin concentrate, hematocrit or the total amount of red blood cells is called anemia. Coverage of iron supplements programme in Indonesia has not reached the goals, so additional supplements are needed to increase hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Test results showed that on 100 mg red Psidium guajava contained vitamin C as much as 12,3 mg and 79,9 mg on white Psidium guajava. This study used quasi experiment, pre and posttest design. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit levels were analyzed using a photometer automated hematology analyzer, with research carried out for 7 days. The results showed an increase in Hemoglobin levels in respondents given red Psidium guajava at 0,3 gr/dl and in respondents given white Psidium guajava at 0,6 gr/dl. Hematocrit levels in respondents given red Psidium guava decreased by 0,35% and 0,25% in respondents given white Psidium guava. Wilcoxon test shows there is an increase in Hemoglobin levels but there is no effect on Hemotocrit levels with responden given red and white Psidium guajava. By using Mann Whitney test, p value of 0,303 was obtained, which means there was no differences in respondents given red and white Psidium guajava. Clinical conclusion is white Psidium guajava is better on improving the value of hemoglobin levels and helps the absorption of iron in pregnant women's third trimester.

The richness and diversity of nutrition contained in yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) have great potential to be developed in various industries, such as food and health industries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of inoculum' concentration and duration of incubation by Aspergillus niger on the level of oil content and glucose in fermented yam bean. Three different levels of solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger molds are grouped as follows: control group (P₀), 0.2 ml/g (P₁), 0.4 ml/g (P₂), and 0.6 ml/g (P₃), and three different durations of fermentation are grouped as incubation control (K₀), 24 hours (K₁), 48 hours (K₂), and 72 hours (K₃). The oil content analysis was completed using soxhlet extractor and n-hexane solvent. The analysis results showed that the highest level of oil content of 70.15% was at the inoculum level of 0.4 ml/g with the incubation time of 96 hours.

GABA is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in plants, animals and microorganisms. GABA can increase plasma concentration, growth hormone and protein synthesis in the brain. Several studies have shown that LAB can reduce pathological conditions due to oxidative stress, which indicates that LAB has antioxidant activity. One of the metabolites produced by LAB is GABA. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth of LAB isolates, the ability of GABA production and to know the character of INS-A2 and INS A4 isolates as a result of isolation from fish fermented. Bacterial growth was carried out for 60 hours 37°C. The growth of LAB isolates INS-A2 and INS-A4 were treated with the addition of MSG and non-MSG 2% in MRSB. GABA production can be identified qualitatively by the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method using the aluminum TLC plate (Silica gel F254, Merck, Mumbai India). The LAB inoculum which was treated on MRSB media was centrifuged at a speed of 6000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4°C, the supernatant was deposited or dropped on the TLC plate. TLC was carried out using an eluent consisting of a mixture of n-butanol: acetic acid: distilled water in a ratio of 5:3:2. The Rf value of GABA compound produced by LAB INS-A2 and INS A4 isolates was 0.62, GABA standard (Pregabalin) 0.62, Rf MSG = 0.23. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the highest growth of INS A2 MSG isolate at 24 hours, INS-A2 non MSG highest at 30 hours. The highest growth of INS A4 MSG isolate at 30 hours and INS-A4 non MSG highest at 36 hours. The highest GABA concentration was owned by INS-A2 MSG isolate of 20,0 mg/ml. INS-A2 non MSG isolate 17,5 mg/ml, INS-A4 MSG 18,8 mg/ml and INS-A4 non-MSG 15,9 mg/ml. LAB characterization of INS-A2 and INS-A4 isolates obtained negative catalase, negative motility, fermentation type test (homofermentative) and gram-positive staining in accordance with the characteristics of BAL in general.

Non-renewable energy power plants are barely able to meet all electricity needs but they have negative impacts on the environment as does greenhouse gas pollution. For now, investors and academics are competing to make renewable energy power plants, one of them is hydroelectric power plant. National Energy General Plan Data (RUEN) issued by the government shows that East, Central and South Kalimantan has water potential in the amount of 16.844 MW. Therefore, this study chose Tabang, East Kalimantan as a case study to build a hydroelectric power plant. Belayan River according to the East Kalimantan Region III River Agency has potential water reaches 424,36 m³/s, so it is very strategic for hydroelectric power plants. The survey results provide 3 possible alternatives for dam construction. The type of water turbine chosen is Francis vertical shaft with output power 71.701,98 kW and generator with output power 69.550,922 kW. The output power that can be generated by this hydroelectric power plant is equal to 280 MW by use 4 generating units.

One of the most significant modes of transportation in moving a country's economic sector is the train, being able to move large quantities of goods and people effectively, therefore at this time the government continues to intensify railroad development. One of the negative impacts that will arise as a result of railroad construction is increased noise in the area along the railroad tracks in the city of Semarang. Bulu Lor settlement has exceeded the quality standard of 57 dBA from the threshold of 55dBA, this is due to the high frequency of trains that cross the settlement as much as 73 series of trains per day Besides that, the high number of vehicles passing by the area as a result of the activities of the local community, especially near the main road of the settlement also significantly increased noise. In this study, the highest noise of 67.3 dBA was found in Tawang Station. Nearly 50% of the people who live in the area around the railroad in Semarang city have experienced symptoms of stress, whether physical, emotional, intellectual or interpersonal.

Good water quality is extremely important to support life of organisms. The purpose of this research is to know the condition of physical and chemical factors in aquatic biota in aquatic ecosystems against sea Menjangan Besar Island. The samples were taken in two sampling times, i.e. August and November 2018. Research locations i.e floating net cage of monoculture and reference areas. Sampling was done in situ and exitu (Laboratory test). Data of abiotic parameters included the composition of DO, pH, salinity, temperature, water current, organic matter content (carbon and nitrogen), phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia. The results were compared with water quality standards based on KEPMEN-LH No. 51 of 2004 for marine biotas. The result showed that the parameters in according to the quality standards KEPMEN-LH No. 51 of 2004 are temperature, pH, salinity, DO, and ammonia while those that have exceeded the quality standards are phosphate and nitrate. The increase in parameters that have exceeded the maximum quality standard derived from natural resources, aquaculture activities, and domestic waste from community activities is quite high.

The definition of symmetric elements in a ring equipped with involution can be generalized by multiplying it as many as n natural number. Generalizing of symmetric elements is known as the generalized symmetric elements. Not each generalized symmetric element has a generalized Moore Penrose inverse. That condition is an extension of the symmetric elements properties in a ring. This paper produces others properties of generalized symmetric elements. Method which is used is by generalizing the commutative properties between symmetric elements with generalized Moore Penrose inverse.

Queue theory is a method that can be used to analyze the performance of a service system. This study aims to apply queue theory for analysis system performance's size at the Gayamsari Toll Gate by using data obtained through observation. Then the analysis step starts with checking the steady state assumption, goodness of fit tests to data, determines the queue model, and calculates the system performance's size. Based on analysis with Sigma Magic software, the results of the study obtained queue model with normal distribution on the number of arrivals and logistic distribution on the number of services data. From this model, it can be used to calculate the service system performance's size at the Gayamsari Toll Gate. The result of this calculation include estimates of the waiting time and the number of vehicles in the system or queue. It can be concluded that the service system at the Gayamsari Toll Gate is in good condition because the waiting time is less than half minute.

Macrobenthic structure can be used as a bioindicator in determining the level of disturbance in water ecosystem through their composition, presence or absence spatially and temporally as apart of ecological management. Tapak is a coastal area of Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia that has potency as an ecotourism area for integrated aquaculture at mangrove area. On the other hand, industrial activity around Tapak coastal area may lead to a degradation of the ecological function of that area. This study aims to assess environmental status at Tapak Mangrove Area through the macrobenthic structure in space and time. Purposive random sampling method was applied, consisting five sampling stations with 3 replicates between March to May 2018. Sediment samples were taken by using Ekman grab and were analyzed through the stages of fixation, rinsing, sieving, preservation, sorting, identification, and enumeration. The biotic parameters observed were the macrobenthic community structure, including species composition, abundance, and diversity, evenness, and dominance indices. Physico-chemical parameters of the water and sediment were measured every month. The Early Warning System (EWS-3SWJ) software was used to assess the level of environmental disturbance at each station. The total of 15 species of macrobenthic assemblages were found. The most common species were Telescopium telescopium, Cerithidea cingulata, and Metapenaeus sp.. The diversity of macrobenthos was considered low at all sampling stations (H' = 0,56 – 1,52), with marked variability in dominant taxa (D = 0,21 – 0,71). Further analysis using the EWS-3SWJ showed that the environmental status of the Tapak Mangrove Area is categorized as slightly disturbed areas.

The biggest use of pesticides is in the Brebes Regency, which is an onion farmer. Farmers in Brebes use a mixture of more than 5 types of pesticides. At the onion pest season, farmers can spray pesticides every 2 days. The results of research on pesticide residues in the soil show that the soil in Brebes still contains chlorpyrifos residues from 0.39 to 0.72 mg/kg. On average, farmers spray onions 15-20 times during the planting period, which is about 2 months. The most widely usage of pesticide is in Dursban 200 EC. This study aims to look at the characteristics of sprayers male farmers and the use of pesticides. The population of shallot male farmers are sprayers male farmers who live in the villages of Pamulihan, Larangan, Siandong, Rengaspendawa, and Sitanggal. The control sample is taken randomly while the case sample is taken by purposive sampling. The results obtain that the majority of respondents''s education is elementary school graduation (40%), have no history of chronic illness (76%), BMI (Body Mass Index) normal (64%), smoking (66.7%), not drinking alcohol (65.3%), the average spraying frequency is ≥ 3 times a week. The use of high dosage of pesticides (> 183.12 cc) was most in the control group at 66.0% compared to case group 44.0%. The agricultural activities that cover all activities from planting to harvest are mostly carried out by the case group at 100% compared to 97.3% of control group. Much personal protective equipment (PPE) is not used when spraying. The storage distance of shallots is ≤ 5 meters from the gathering place of the family. At the time of spraying, the opposite direction when spraying is more in case respondents at 28.0% compared to 26.0% controls. Post-harvest spraying is performed more in cases with 52.0% compared to 40% in controls. The use of spraying clothes that are the same as clothes worn at home was more in the control group which was 72.0%. The behaviour of not handwashing with soap after spraying pesticides is mostly carried out by case group at 92.0%. Information and education related to pesticide usage is still needed.

Fern are group of seedless vascular plants (Tracheophyta). Fern have a wide distribution in Indonesia. The aim of this study is for know the types of ferns in the mixed forest of Petungkriyono. The reseacrh methode used in the cruised method by exproling the entire mixed forest in Petungkriyono. The number of fern species found in the mixed forest of Petungkriyono is 44 species that belong to 14 families. The Snannon index of fern in mixed forest was 3,09. Therefore Petungkriyono mixed forest having a medium diversity level of fern. Humidity, temperature, light intensity and soil pH in the mixed forest of Petungkriyono are suitable for growing ferns.

Seawater contains a lot of dissolved substances which are important chemicals. Broadly speaking the chemical composition of seawater is the main constituents of salinity, trace elements, gases, organic compounds, and suspended material. Desalination techniques have long been known and carried out, among others, by distillation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange (ion exchange) and electrodialysis. SLM is a separation technique consisting of two homogeneous phases, namely the feed phase and the receiving phase. Separation with SLM techniques is largely determined by the effectiveness and selectivity of the carrier compound. In this study using D2EHPA-TBP and HTTA-TBP as a carrier compound which was then applied in decreasing salinity levels of seawater. Seawater desalination with the SLM technique for carrier compounds was 81.690% and 84.504%, respectively.

Geophysical survey at the Jabungan area (South Semarang) has been done by using magnetic method. The aim of the research is looking for the existence of fault structure at the study area and apply the moving average analysis to sparate of regional-residual anomaly based on the RTP magnetic total anomaly algorithm. The results shows of the residual anomaly map. According to 3D model, it's can be obtained the existence of fault. It has 0.0222 cgs to 0.0293 cgs of magnetic anomaly, and could be interpreted as Northwest-Southeast lineament of faults. The model also shows the existense of clay, volcanic braccia, gravel, stone, tuff, sand, and sandstone in the study area.

Semarang city in central java Indonesia has a strategic location as the capital of Central Java Province and developed into the fifth largest metropolitan city in Indonesia. The city of Semarang, which is traversed by the north coast route (pantura) is often flooded during the rainy season. This is because the intensity of rainfall is high and some areas in the city of Semarang are rob areas so that when there is a tide of sea water this area will be flooded. The combination of the Flood model and the weather prediction model will illustrate future conditions. The results showed that the prediction of flood distribution based on rainfall for a period of 10 years. With the flood model the period pattern of rainfall intensity values obtained is processed into a relationship graph between the duration of rain in minutes with the intensity of rain in the return period of 2 years, 5 years, 10 years and 25 years. The rainfall intensity value obtained will then be used to determine the peak discharge value

Agricultural by-products used as poultry feed in many developing countries. However, their use for poultry feed is limited due to high fiber and lack of nutritional substances (e.g., crude protein). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of the agriculture by-products after they are fermented with fungi Chrysonillia crassa. Materials were three kinds by-product e.i rice bran, tofu, and palm kernel. Five hundred grams of three kinds of sterilized, dried byproducts placed in a plastic bag then added with 250 ml of aquades (for tofu and rice bran byproducts) and 500 ml to palm kernel byproduct. Five dishes of culture isolates of Chrysonillia crassa with two days old were put and mixed thoroughly in the sterilized by-products and incubated for two days then were dried. All treatments were three replicated. The antioxidant activity and chemical composition were in vitro analyzed. Results showed that the antioxidant activity of tofu improved that is before and after fermentation was 12330.08±0.00 and 1466.96±10.70, respectively. The fermentation also improved protein content. The increased of the crude protein for palm kernel, rice bran and tofu before and after fermentation were 11.81±0.00 to 12.22±0.05; 9.35±0.00 to 10.57±0.09; 168±0.00 to 21.48±0.27, respectively. On the contrary fungal fermentation decreased the crude fibre of palm kernel and rice bran but not for tofu. The decreasing of crude fibre before and after fermentation of palm kernel and rice bran were 31.54±0.00to 27.04±2.60 and 29.67±0.00 to 27.01±0.18, respectively. The fat content of the by-product increased only for rice bran that is 7.45±0.00 to 11.39±1.86, for tofu decreased, and palm kernel was not affected. In conclusion, it was fungal fermentation. Palm kernel, rice bran, and tofu using Chrysonillia crassa increased in fat, crude protein, and decreased crude fibre, however for antioxidant activity was variation in results.

Subsurface mapping using the geoelectric method has been carried out in the area of Undip Campus, Tembalang to determine the distribution of subsurface layers resistivity. This study employs the Wenner configuration geoelectric method. Data were collected at seven points with a track length of 100 meters and a distance among electrodes of 5 meters. Data processing is carried out using RES2DINV software packages that produce rock resistivity values and depth estimates, then the interpretation of each track is carried out in detail by taking into account the geological information available in the Undip campus, Tembalang. The results of the interpretation show that the study area is dominated by breccias which are Kaligetas formations. The breccia rocks themselves are claystone which tends to be water-resistant and there is also sandstone. Nearly every data collection point has the same cross-section. Claystone with resistivity ranges from 3.05 Ωm to 26.5 Ωm. Sandstones with resistivity range from 20.0 Ωm to 135 Ωm. The rest found alluvium and sand with a resistivity of almost more than 100 μm.

Prediction of the growth of plant seedlings is one of the important problems in the world in order to fulfill the availability of food for all residents. At this time Greenhouse technology has been developed which is one of the technologies that support plant growth. Unfortunately, prediction technology is still done manually so the results are not accurate. This paper proposes the Neural Network Backpropagation method to evaluate the growth of plant seedlings in the greenhouse area. Data collected from the internet network system from temperature sensors, soil humidity, environmental humidity, light intensity and cameras to monitor growth. Seedling prediction is done by building a computer program using the neural network backpropagation algorithm based on time series that has input layer, hidden layer and output prediction architecture. Training data is used to carry out the training process before the program is used to perform predictions. Furthermore, the program is used to make predictions. The results of applying the neural network backpropagation algorithm to predict the growth of plant seedlings in the greenhouse get good results based on the first iteration Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0112, with computing time 0.0193 seconds and data accuracy of 92.79%, which means that the prediction generated approximates actual data for the application of backpropagation neural network algorithms to the evaluation of plant seedling growth.