Table of contents

The First International Conference on Innovation in Research (ICIIR) is held on 28-29 August 2018 in Bali, Indonesia. The Conference is organized by Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya in collaboration with Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, STIE Malangkuçeçwara, Universitas Andalas, Universitas Hindu Indonesia Bali, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik, and Stikom Indonesia Bali.

The main theme of the Conference is "Innovation in Research based on Environmental Insight and Entrepreneurship". The objectives of the conference are: (1) to bring together academicians, scientists, researchers, practitioners, and students in international scientific forums; (2) to share and discuss theoretical as well as practical knowledge of innovation in science. This Conference can be a scientific forum to accommodate fruitful discussion among both local and international researchers in various fields of sciences.

We would like to thank all speakers, invited guests, and also other parties and donors for their continuous support to the success of this event. Hopefully, this event provides many banefits for us all.

The Editors

Evangelos Angelou Afendras

Achmadi Susilo

Hary Sastrya Wanto

Muchlis

Miftahul Huda

List of Committee and conferance photographs are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Sweet passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss) cv. Gumanti is superior varieties of sweet passion fruit that is widely cultivated in Solok Regency of West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This fruit can consume directly as fresh fruit and can be processed into juice that gave a by-product such as the seeds. The purpose of this research is to analyse the chemical properties of sweet passion of cv. Gumanti seed based on maturity level so that the nutritional content is known. Chemical analyses were performed such as proximate analysis, total phenol and antioxidant activity. Proximate analysis showed that the seeds of passion fruit are rich in carbohydrates+fibre (61.04%, 58.40% and 60.39% and crude fat (21.03%, 20.36% and 20.83%, respectively for maturity level I, II, and III), didn't give significant difference based on maturity level (P>0.05). Furthermore, the result showed strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀: 50-100 ppm), where there was a significant based on maturity level (P < 0.05). Total phenol analysis showed a linear relationship with antioxidant activity. Thus, the seeds of sweet passion fruit also have potential as a raw in the food industries, chemical, and pharmacy such as the seeds of acid passion fruit that have been reported by previous researchers.

This research was aimed to determine the physico-chemical and functional properties of tubers starches and find out a suitable application in food products. Starch from tubers that analyzed were sweet cassava, bitter cassava, white sweet potato, red sweet potato, yellow sweet potato. The results of the physical analysis of Tubers starches were yield (10.86-17.57%), fineness (90.55-92.28%), whiteness (93.82-96.50). The results of chemical analysis of Tubers starches were water (6.51- 8.70%), ash (0.31- 0.43%), fat (0.27-0.37%), protein (0.14-0.16%), starch (82.46-89.05 %), amylose (15.47-17.55%), degree of acid (1.03-1.50 ml NaOH 1N/100g) and residual sulphite (31.44-38.10 ppm). The results of the functional properties analysis of tubers starches were water absorption capacity (0.884-0.951), oil absorption capacity (0.962-1.152), Freeze-Thaw Stability (18.85-40.53%), swelling power at 950C (14, 17-15, 73g/g), solubility at 950C (8, 40 to 17, 16%), the beginning temperature of gelatinization (51-70, 50C), maximum viscosity (475-1733BU), setback (30-487 BU) breakdown (188-850 BU), the stability of pasta (-90- (-390) BU).

This study aims to determine the effect of E. coli pili protein, filtrate media culture of E. coli and mixture of E. coli pili protein and E. coli filtrate on the motility and vitality of human sperm in an in vitro. The method for obtaining E. coli pili protein is E. coli prepared by do culture on TCG media to grow E. coli pili, then cutting the Pili E. coli using Omni mixer. Pili that has been obtained then dialysis, electrophoresis and electroelution. E. coli filtrate was obtained by the method of culturing E. coli on Mc Conkey media for 48 hours and then doing culture on BHI media for 48 hours. E. coli culture on BHI media was then centrifuged. E. coli cultures in BHI media were centrifuged and the supernatant produced from centrifugation was filtered using a. 0.22µm milipore filter. 10 samples of normal donor sperm according to 1999 WHO criteria, in preparation using Percoll method. Spermatozoa were incubated with E. coli pili protein, E. coli filtrate and a mixture of E. coli pili proteins and E. coli filtrate on U-base microplate. Incubation was performed for 1 hour. Observations by calculating the motility and vitality of spermatozoa each at 100 spermatozoa under a light microscope. Data analysis was done with SPSS. The results of this study found that Protein Pili E. coli, E. coli filtrate and a mixture of E. coli pili proteins and E. coli filtrate had significant effect on sperm motility (p = 0.000) and on sperm vitality (p = 0.000). Thus it can be concluded that E. coli pili protein and E. coli filtrate are potentially used for spermicidal materials.

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of Fermented Oil Palm Fronds (FOPF) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium with Tithonia (T) and Elephant Grass (EG) as roughage on milk quality of Etawa Crossbreed Dairy Goats (ECDG). This study used a randomized complete design consisting of four treatment groups that is: T1 = 20% FOPF+16% T+64% EG, T2 = 20% FOPF+32% T+48% EG, T3 = 20% FOPF+48%T+32% EG and T4 = 20% FOPF+64% T+16% EG. Four replicates were used per treatment. The data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and differences among the treatment means were tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Tests (DMRT) with 5 replications and 1% confidence intervals. Parameters measured were quality of milk, i.e. protein, fat, lactose and mineral (Ca and P) content. Results showed using combination FOPF by phanerochaete chrysosporium with T and EG can significantly increase milk mineral concentration (Ca and P) (p<0.01), but there was no effect on milk content of protein, fat and laktosa (p>0.05). The combination FOPF by Phanerochaete chrysosporium with Tithonia (T) and Elephan Grass (EG) can be used as an alternative feed for goats. The best feed for dairy goats was 20% FOPF + 64 % T+ 16 % EG (Treatment D).

Schwannoma is a benign, encapsulated, benign tumor that grows slowly from neural fairy cells in the nerve sheath. Extracranial schwannoma is a rare case. These tumors can cause neurological deficits because of their intradural location and suppress the spinal cord so it needs to be decompressed to prevent permanent nerve damage. We reported one case of cervical schwannoma with a neurologic deficit in the form of a numbness in four of limbs since 6 month before admission, we finally performed a laminectomy – posterior durotomy and tumor excision with posterior approach without intraoperative monitoring. The result is a return of neurological function in the patient no complain about pain and patient satisfy with the result.

Neem extract possess important bioactivities such as insect repellent, antifeedant, growth inhibitor, and other insecticidal properties, while curcumin has many bioactivities as antioxidant, antiinflamation, antibacterial, as well as anticancer. Both natural substances were mixed as botanical insecticides formula. Its efficacy against bean pod sucking bugs in vitro were evaluated. Several stages were done in this research, i.e. neem leave extraction, curcumin extraction, mixed formula production, and efficacy evaluation of mixed formula against bean pod sucking bugs in laboratory. The result of research showed that the mixed formula of the botanical insecticides containing neem leaves extract and curcumin caused mortality of bean pod sucking bugs in vitro significantly. The mortality percentage of bugs was up to 96, 25%. Therefore, it is emphasized that mixed formula of botanical insecticides containing natural substances is an eco-friendly product for agriculture.

Low productivity of sugarcane crop effects directly to sugar production. The low sugar production makes price principal sales become high. As a result, farmers income becomes low. One of causing low productivity is the variety of sugarcane crop which is planted has not good quality. One of efforts to increase sugarcane productivity is by producing superior sugarcane variety by doing crossing. This research cooperates with PG Gempol krep produced some sugarcane clones including SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4 and P3. The objective of this research is examining growth response of some sugarcane clones on soil acidity levels sourced from budchips seeds. This research used random complete group design which consist of two factorials and repeated three times. The first factor is sugarcane clones consist of SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, P3 and BL as the control. The second factor is soil acidity levels consist of soil with pH 4.5, pH 7 and pH 8.2. The growth indicators of plant which observed include plant height, number of leaves, and number of tiller. The result showed that there is significant interaction of treatment sugarcane clones sourced from budchips seeds on variables number of tillers. The treatment of soil acidity levels showed significant interaction on the growth of sugarcane clones sourced from budchips seeds. There is no significant interaction between treatment sugarcane clones and soil acidity levels on sugarcane growth which planted from budchips seeds.

The increasing need for organic fertilizers in Indonesia along with the fulfilment of agricultural needs. On the other hand, the raw material of organic fertilizer is abundant and not yet utilized, one of which is Slaughterhouse Solid Waste (SSW). The objective of this study were to produce the quality of organic fertilizer that meets regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 70 Year 2011 about Organic Fertilizer, Biological Fertilizer, and Land Improvement. The composting process was done using 20 kg of Madura's cow rumen content and rice straw was placed in each reactor during 50 days. Raw materials were consisted of three variations in composting, i.e., 1) 60% rumen content waste and 40% rice straw, 2) 50% rumen content waste and 50% rice straw, 3) 40% rumen content waste and 60% rice straw. Eight standing reactors of 120 L capacity were used in this research. Each reactor was equipped with a leachate outlet at the bottom, slits for aeration, and sampling. The measured parameters were C/N ratio, macro nutrient (phosphor and kalium), temperature, dan pH value. The results showed that the optimum composition of rumen content waste with addition of rice straw was 40%:60%. In this reactor, C/N ratio was decreased from 15.91 to 13.25, macro nutrients in P concentration increased from 4.27 to 6.12, K concentration gradually increased from 5.46 to 7.55, temperature range was 29.80 oC-33.70 oC, and pH values slightly fluctuated from 6.71 to 6.93.

The main target of hyperglycaemia is endothelial dysfunction involving pathways; protein kinase activation, hexosamine activation, polyol activation, and Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) formation, trigger reactive radical superoxide (O2•-) to stress oxidative. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an end product of lipid peroxidation in body and is an indicator of oxidant-antioxidant level in diabetic patients. Fish oil composing mostly omega 3 as an antioxidant can reduce oxidative stress and hyperglycaemic condition. This study aimed to investigated the effects of omega-3-rich fish oil in lowering blood sugar levels, inhibiting oxidative stress and aortic endothelial cell damage in diabetic rat models. This study was an experimental study using post-test only control group design. Thirty-two rats divided into two study groups (n = 16 individuals per group), including the diabetic rat's group (as control) and the diabetic rats group given fish oil doses of 300 mg/kilogram body weight/day. Provision of fish oil was performed for 28 days used Blackmores® fish oil. Blood sugar and malondialdehyde levels were analyzed by spectrophotometric method. The number of aortic endothelial cells was analyzed by haematoxylin-eosin staining. Comparability test showed that the average number of fasting blood glucose level after treatment in both groups showed highly significant differences (p=0.00). Although MDA level was reduced in treatment group than control group, but statistically not significantly difference, p=0.43. Comparability test showed that average of endothelial cell between control and treatment group significantly different (p=0.00). It was concluded that fish oil supplementation containing omega-3 in diabetic rats can lower blood glucose level and can inhibit endothelial cell damage.

Objective of the research was to determine potency of oyster as mice nutrition growth. Oyster from market, oyster which harvested from ganyong waste biomass, and 6 weeks old male DDY strain mice were used for this research. The mushroom powder dissolved in distilled water then inserted orally force-fed 0.5 mL. There were 5 groups of treatments were dosage 200 mg/kgBW of oyster from market, without mushroom, dosage 100 mg/kgBW of mushroom from biomass waste of ganyong, dosage 200 mg/kgBW, and dosage 300 mg/kgBW. Parameters measured were histology and perimeter Longissimus dorsi muscle. The results showed histology analysis with higher dosage of mushroom solution could effect a better growth of Longissimus dorsi muscle.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death due to the low success rate of cancer treatment. Breast cancer therapy has not been maximized that encourage researchers to look for effective and selective cancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine at the synergistic effects of 1, 2-epoxy-3(3-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopiran-4on) propane (EPI) and doxorubicin on breast cancer cell cultures. This research is an experimental study in vitro, with a randomized study design post-test only control group design. The subject of this study was a T47D breast cancer cell culture, grown in a growth media with optimum time and incubation conditions. T47D are morphologically continuous cell lines like epithelial cells taken from breast tissue of a woman affected by ductal carcinoma. Cultures were performed using 30 wells, each well consisted of 1 x 106 cells. The results presented in the form of IC 50 using the Microculture Tetrazolium Salt (MTT) method and Combination index (CI) using compusyn software. An MTT method is a colorimetric assay based on cell metabolic activity. The results showed that the MTT method produced IC50 EPI values of 21.06μg/mL and doxorubicin 10.3μg/mL. EPI compounds in a combination of high concentrations have a CI below 1 (synergistic), whereas at high concentrations have CI above 1 (antagonistic). The conclusion of this study is that EPI compounds have weak anticancer in breast cancer and are synergistic with doxorubicin.

The incidence of tuberculosis in Indonesia increases every year, resulted in increased cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis. The histopathological picture is often similar to other types of lymphadenitis. This study was an in-depth exploration of the anatomical pathology of Langhans datia cells and necrosis in tuberculous lymphadenitis. This research used secondary data from medical record of the lymph node paraffin blocks in the Anatomical Pathology Department of Sadikin Hasan General Hospital Bandung from January to December 2017. There are 322 medical records of tuberculosis lymphadenitis patients, consisting of 179 types of tuberculous lymphadenitis, 144 types of non-lymphadenitis specific, and nine types of granulomatous lymphadenitis. In all kinds of lymphadenitis, necrosis shows a general picture, whereas datia Langhans are more dominant in the tuberculous and granulomatous lymphadenitis type. The description of necrosing in lymphadenitis is tuberculous type 176(98.3%), non-specific type 120(83.3%), and granulomatous type 7(77.8%), while datia Langhans cells are more common in 132(73.7%) tuberculosis lymphadenitis, and granulomatous lymphadenitis 7(77.8%), compared with non-specific lymphadenitis 42(29.2%). This study concludes that there is necrosis in almost every type of lymphadenitis, whereas datia Langhans cells are lower in the tuberculous and granulomatous lymphadenitis.

We investigated whether the oral ingestion of aqueous extract of unripe papaya fruit (UPAE), would also induce fatty liver changes by analysing the UPAE-treated mice qualitatively. This study used laboratory experiments which performed by a proposed (new) recommended method with 11 subjects of female mice which were administered with single oral doses of 0; 50; 200; 400; 800; 1, 000; 1, 500; 2, 000; 3, 000; 4, 000; 5, 000 mg/kg respectively. All these mice were euthanized after 24 hours of UPAE administration. Histopathological studies were conducted using liver samples which were stained by Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The UPAE did not cause death in all doses but did induce hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis at 4, 000 and 5, 000 mg/kg dosages. Ballooning degeneration, necroinflammation and portal fibrosis revealed at 200 – 5, 000 mg/kg. These findings suggest that the UPAE provoked the fatty liver changes at the highest dose administration. It may be obtained from a multiple hit process by the accumulation of the phytochemical compounds of UPAE.

The waste of household cooking oil is thrown away so that it causes environmental problems. Therefore, this problem must be responded to immediately, for example by processing household waste cooking oil into environmentally friendly biodiesel as an alternative method to address this problem. This study aims to make biodiesel from household waste cooking oil to eliminate or reduce levels of free fatty acids (ALB) contained in used cooking oil catalyst, namely Zeolite Bayah catalyst, while the temperature and reaction time is a fixed variable esterification reaction. The methods of this study are activated zeolite as a catalyst and mixed it with waste cooking oil. The results of this study indicate that the processing of used cooking oil using Zeolite Bayah catalyst can reduce the free fatty acid content contained in used cooking oil, and the physical characteristics of biodiesel generally meet the SNI-04-7182-2012 standard. So that it can be seen that the Zeolite Bayah catalyst influenced the process of reducing free fatty acids in used cooking oil, it can be concluded that some of the parameters are already included in the national standard 04-7182-2012, and it can be seen that the Zeolite Bayah catalyst density parameters obtained the results of 871, the density of NaOH catalysts obtained 862, while from the national standard 04-7182-2012, it was set at 850-890. Both of these results have met the standard for the quality of making biodiesel.

The objective of this research is to know the result of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) formulation on growth and yield of soybean crop. The hypothesis of this research is;(1) Suspected different LOF formulations provide different growth and yields of soybean crops;(2) suspected formulations F2 (LOF water hyacint + banana cobs) will have a better effect on the growth of soybean crop than other formulation;(3) suspected formulations F7 (LOF water hyacint + fish bone + chicken egg shell) will have a better effect on soybean crop yield than other formulations. The research was conducted by using Randomized Block Group Design with the following treatment: F = LOF Formulation; F0: without LOF (Control), F1: LOF water hyacinth (BioEcgon, F2 = BioEcgon + banana hump, F3 = BioEcgon + bone fish, F4 = BioEcgon + chicken egg shell, F5 = BioEcgon + banana hump + fish bone, F6 = BioEcgon + banana hump + chicken egg shell, F7 = BioEcgon + fish bone + chicken egg shell, andF8 = BioEcgon + banana hump + fish bone + chicken egg shell. From each treatment repeated 3 times, so it takes 27 plots of experiments (9x3 = 27) with a plot / plot of 18 m² (3x6). The parameters observed are plant height, number of leaves and dry weight of soybean seeds / ha. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variants (Anova), if there is a real difference followed by 5% BNT test. LOF application with various formulations is expected to improve the growth of soybean crops, so it can increase the yield of soy / ha, in the long term aims to increase land productivity and can prevent land degradation, as well as one solution in overcoming the problem of organic waste.

Supplementation is required to satisfy mineral requirement of traditional grazing kacang goat. The present research was aimed to design of mineral supplement for better nutrition of kacang goat fed based on wild forages, rice bran and sago stalk. Crude nutrient and mineral composition of feed which are normally consumed or fed to kacang goat were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), and minerals (Ca, P). Samples of forages were collected from three areas, i.e. coconut plantations, banana plantations and idle lands. Mineral feed was then formulated by using locally available materials: Bukit Kamang's stone powder, roasted fresh water mussel shell meal and bone ash. The local minerals were prepared in loose and block forms and offered to 12 young kacang goat males for 14 weeks in three treatments: P0: no supplementation (control), P1: supplemented with loose local mineral, and P2: supplemented with block local mineral. Each treatment consisted of 4 goats as replication. Parameters measured included: body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood minerals (Ca, P), blood hematology (hemoglobin [HGB], mean corpuscular Hb concentration [MCHC], total red blood cell [RBC], white blood cell [WBC], hematocrit concentration [HCT]) and total protein. Results showed that there were seven kinds of wild forages consumed by grazing goat. The average crude nutrient and mineral content of the forages were as follows: DM: 17.2%, CP: 16.5%, CF: 18.20%; Ca and P: 4.5 dan 2.1g/kg DM, respectively. The average daily body weight gain was 35.4, 31.7 and 41.2 g/head, and FCR was 22.8, 26.0 and 21.3 for P0, P1 and P2, respectively. The mineral concentration, total protein and hematological values of blood of P2 ranged in normal values, except WBC. It was concluded that mineral supplementation in block lick form gave positive effect on growth performance and feed utilization efficiency.

The study aim was analyzed the potential of semi polar compounds from lemon-local on old mice lipid profile with high fat dietary. Experimental study using DDY mice, males, 50−55 weeks. Five of 30 mice were sacrificed before treatment (group 6), group 1 (negative control), groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed high fat dietary, group 3, 4 and 5 were treated doses 1, 2 and 3, respectively, orally. Parameters measured were body weight, HDL, TAG, total cholesterol. The results showed body weight of mice were above normal and dose 2 treatment cause weight loss (p=0.658). The highest cholesterol level was in positive control and the lowest was in the group given doses 2 (p=0.042). The highest triglycerides level was in the pretreatment group and the lowest was in the group given doses 2 (p=0.148). The highest HDL was in the positive group and the lowest was in the group given doses 2 (p=0.278). Semi polar compound from lemon-local at dose 2 could be regulated profile lipid on old mice with high fat dietary. This research needs to be improved, especially biomechanism of active substances.

In the development of new drugs as candidates for cancer therapy agents, cytotoxic testing is needed as an initial screening to determine the effect of a natural substance in inhibiting tumour cell growth. One of the active compounds of flavonoid derivatives that are being studied as anticancer is a compound derived from clove leaf oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of flavonoid compounds from clove leaf oil on liver cancer cell culture and make comparisons with standard drugs for cancer therapy. Examination of cytotoxic activity was carried out on HepG2 cell line culture used MTT method. The absorbance of each well was measured with spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 595 nm. The absorbance results were calculated to create a cytotoxic curve. Based on the cytotoxic curve, IC50 values of flavonoid compounds, doxorubicin and cisplatin were 50.62μg/mL, 20.25μg/mL, 15.42μg/mL respectively. Those showed that flavonoid compounds from clove leaf oil have strong anti-cancer activity (IC50<100μg/mL) against liver cancer cells. It was concluded that flavonoid compounds isolated from clove leaf oil were shown to have anticancer activity on liver cancer cell and thus could be used as a new candidate for liver cancer therapy agents.

This paper discusses the potential issues in Lampung province of Sumatera, Indonesia where the majority of the people are to earn a livelihood as a coffee farmer. This place has potential benefits to increase land of coffee farms in order to make greater capacity and economic sector by using an environmentally-friendly technology. To date, the utilization of coffee pulps is only by freely spreading to the coffee farms. In doing so, the technological fermentation by using Indigenous bacteria that has role to produce organic fertilizer of coffee pulps helps gain the soil fertility. This study used descriptive data analysis with community practical approach. The results show that the growth of coffee and other intercropping plants like chili is more fertilized, easy to flower, and it lengthens the shoot growth. In addition, the coffee production seems like changing in the amount of quantity that tends to get better. The significant number also showed by the production of chili because the harvest season is longer than usual. Another advantage by using this fermentation is that the use of non-organic fertilizer can be reduced up to level 80 per cent. Likewise, this condition automatically dropped the production cost.

This experiment aimed at assessing effects of alkaline hydrolysis using rice husk ash filtrate (RHAF) with or without urea and urease enzyme on nutrient content of dried kume grass. A 6x3 completely randomized design was employed to test 6 treatments, namely RK1 = dried kume grass sprayed with RHAF (15% w/v) and hydrolysed for 3 hours, RK2 = Like RK1 + urea 4%, RK3 = Like RK2 plus urease for urea: urease ratio of 1:2 or 1:3 (RK4) or 1:4 (RK5) or 1:5 (RK6). Measured variables were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude lipid (CL). General linear model for CRD was employed in data analysis, and Duncan test for treatment difference. Results showed that increased urea: urease ratio significantly effecting CP and CL content, yet no difference between 1:4 and 1:6 ratios. The lowest improvement was in RK1 (7.41% CP and 41.93% CL) and the highest was in RK6 (22.75% CP and 210.16% CL). In the contrary, all treated groups showed a decline in DM and OM. It is concluded that alkaline hydrolysis using RHAF plus urea: urease ratio at 1:4 is the best treatment to improve the nutritive value of dried kume grass.

Delivery system in fast dissolving oral film is the system in which drug can be released immediately without drinking water and can be dissolved in saliva, then absorbed into the body through the oral cavity. Glimepiride is classified in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II which has a low solubility in water. Formation of glimepiride inclusion complexes using betacyclodextrin is known to increase solubility while suppressing the bitter taste of glimepiride. The purpose of this study was to develop FDOF preparations containing glimepiridebetacyclodextrin (1:2) inclusion complexes made by co-grinding technique. The development of the FDOF formula begins with the orientation of the formula which varies the concentration of crospovidone as superdisintegrant and PEG 400 as plasticizer. The FDOF were made from two formulas, with one formula containing glimepiride-betacyclodextrin (1:2) inclusion complexes and the other formula containing pure glimepiride as the active ingredient, using the solvent casting method with HPMC E5 LV as the film forming agent. The final evaluations of FDOF include organoleptic, weight variation, film thickness, surface pH, disintegration time, drug content, dissolution rate, percent elongation, tensile strength and folding endurance tests. The best FDOF formula from optimization process contain HPMC E5 LV 35% as film forming agent, PEG 400 15% as plasticizer and 8% crospovidone as superdisintegrant. From the results of final preparation evaluation, FDOF containing glimepiride-betacyclodextrin (1:2) inclusion complexes proved to be better than FDOF containing pure glimepiride.

One strategy to improve oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs like black seed oil with formulate them into self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). The aim of this study is to develop black seed oil into liquid SNEDDS formulation to enhance oral bioavailability. The optimization of SNEDDS was carried out using various comparison between oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. The formulated SNEDDS were evaluated for transmittance percentage, emulsification time, dispersebility, robustness, thermodynamics stability and globul size determination. The best formulation of SNEDDS obtained from tween 80 as surfactan and PEG 400 as cosurfactant (2:1) with ratio of oil and mix surfactant-cosurfactant 1:8. The formulation of SNEDDS met the requirement of transmittance percentage (97.80%), emulsification time (35.00 second), grade A of dispersibility, stable of robustness and thermodynamic stability tests and the average of globul size was 65.4 nm. The SNEDDS formulation containing black seed oil has good physical characteristic and stability.

This research was an attempt to prove scientifically about the antibacterial effect potention of n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves [Eugenia aqueum (Burm. F) Alston]. The aims of this research were to determine the value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and type of effect as antibacterial from n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves. Evaluation of antibacterial effect potention was carried out by diffusion method using well techniques on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial effect was determined based on Bell's criteria. The type of work against bacteria was evaluated by turbidimetry method. The results showed that the n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves have antibacterial effect both against S. aureus and E. coli. The MIC of n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves on S. aureus and E. coli were 1.56% and 6.25% respectively. The type of effect of n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves were bactericidal both against S. aureus and E. coli.

Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extractions of Pleurotus ostreatus would measure on body temperature and the C-Reactive protein (CRP) in rats induced by carrageenan. In this study, 30 rats were divided; group I (normal control) group II (negative control- caraggenan), group III (positive control- ibuprofen 400 mg / time), group IV and V (treatment I and II: ethanolic extract at 250 and 500 mg / kg BB). The Rats' body temperature was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6 hours and at the 6th hour the qualitative and semiquantitative CRP was examined. The results showed that the temperature was reduced in the 1st to 6th hour, with different patterns. The Kruskal Wallis test shows significant P-values in the 2nd hour (0.02) and 6th (0.02). The qualitative CRP was analyzed using the Fisher Test and showed a significance at 1:2 dilutions (p=0), while the semiquantitative CRP is only at 1: 1 a dilution (p=0.0). The ethanol extraction of Pleurotus ostreatus at the dose of 250 mg and 500 mg / Kg BB showed a decrease in temperature and CRP, which was quite good when compared with ibuprofen. This result confirms about anti-inflammatory effect of the mushroom.

The aim of this research was to study the mechanical properties (compressive strength and splitting-tensile strength) of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete using variation in the maximum size of coarse aggregate. The mode of study was laboratory research. Fly ash obtained from Asam-Asam Steam Power Plant, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The maximum size of coarse aggregate was 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm. The geopolymer concrete proportion divided into 3 different mixtures and each contained 400 kg/m3 of fly ash. The alkaline activator used as sodium silicate and 10M sodium hydroxide in the ratio 2:1. The ratio of alkaline activator to fly ash was 0.4. Cylindrical specimens (size 100 mm x 200 mm) counted 10 pieces for each mixture proportion and cured at ambient condition. The test result showed that average of compressive strengths and splitting-tensile strengths for specimens with 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm maximum size of aggregate at the age of 21 days were 11.04 MPa and 6.12 MPa, 10.82 MPa and 5.22 MPa, 10.06 MPa and 4.84 MPa respectively. In conclusion, the greater the maximum size of coarse aggregate, the smaller the value of compressive strength and splitting-tensile strength.

STMIK STIKOM Indonesia is a college that has been established since 2008. In the process to build the existing building on STMIK STIKOM Indonesia, should used the contractor that have to meet some criteria such as Letter of Offer, Certificate of Registered as a service provider, Tax Document, Building Design Picture, Implementation schedule, Construction Business License, Company's experience in last 3 years and price, which takes at least 2 months to get a winning contractor whereas the desired building should be built immediately to be used in teaching and learning activities. To produce a decision support system for the selection of the tender winner, this study using the TOPSIS method. TOPSIS is one of the multicriteria decision-making methods that are widely used to process decisions practically. The resulting system can help the decision maker to determine the contractor who won the tender of building projects in STMIK STIKOM Indonesia.

The most popular shape of column section used in reinforced concrete buildings is square or rectangle. Besides longitudinal bars, it is normally reinforced with traditional rectilinear or square shape of transverse steel (stirrups) or confinement. It is well known that circular spiral of reinforcing bars used in circular columns serve better ductility or performance compared to rectilinear stirrups in rectangular columns. Up to present, the use of spiral is limited only to circular columns. This is because for rectangular or square columns, it is not easy to shape the spiral on site during construction. The study focuses on the potential application of new innovative rectilinear or square spiral when used for rectangular or square concrete columns. The result of the study is that the proposed new innovative confinement which introduces the use of rectilinear or square spiral without any discontinuity or seismic hooks like those in the stirrups, as well as the introduction of interlocking system has successfully improved the ductility and performance of the columns. With this new innovative confinement, the confined core area is increased, the congestion can be avoided (no seismic hooks), and effectiveness of confining influence is improved (overlapped confining area through interlocking system).

Balinese architecture, basically, is seeking for the harmony between The Creator, the human and the environment which is stated in the local religious concept Tri Hita Karana. Nowadays Balinese architecture style has grown rapidly with influences of the externals. The research aims to find out the existence of Balinese architecture as cultural tourism potency of Denpasar as the main gate of Bali, especially in the traditional Balinese building namely puri and umah. This research uses a qualitative method that starts with data mining of respondent's views descriptively, in-depth interviews, and the interpretation of both respondents and researcher as the found concept. This qualitative research proceeds inductively begin with obtaining detailed data, categorizing data, abstracting, and determining the concepts as a finding. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Data collected by observation, interview, and documentation. From the theory of style and theory of decorative architecture, the existence of Balinese architecture in the traditional puri and umah, seen significantly developed in the zone of pawongan and palemahan without ignoring the ergonomic factor. Similarly, the traditional puri and umah used the ornament that not carved. In the parahyangan area, there are insignificant changes in the materials and colours.

For many years, the housing environment has been acknowledged as one of the main settings that affect human health. Living and housing conditions are the basis of many factors influencing residential health. Risk and environmental factors in house building that can affect the incidence of diseases and accidents include ventilation, lighting, density, humidity, animal transmitting diseases, clean water, household waste, to the inhabitants of the house. This study is to measure criteria for rural people in Kabupaten Ngawi, Indonesia, whether including healthy home or not using AHP. Parameter measurement of healthy home in this research developed parameter which have been done by Ministry of health department, which use three parameters namely the components of the house; sanitation facilities; the behaviour of the residents in healthy living. This study adds three parameters the behaviour in processing household waste; drainage; and physical path. These additional parameters have been approved by the head of the health office in Kabupaten Ngawi. This method uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to measure healthy home's model result three values i.e. Lamda, Consistency Index, Consistency Ratio. The results show that healthy home for Kabupaten Ngawi with Global Priority value are 0.489792978, Medium Healthy Home with Global Priority value are 0.264061054 and last Unhealthy Home with Global Priority value are 0.246145969.

Landuse change in a city is a natural event that cannot be avoided. One approach that can be used to detect landuse change is to use remote sensing technology. One of the method to predict landuse change is using Cellular Automata method. When landuse data is calculated, there is a lot of significant change of settlement in Bandung city from 1990 to 2017, but when but when we see the prediction of the settlement area in 2031 is not too much change, this can be caused by fewer land areas that can be converted, or the model must be added the new parameter of the driving force.

Concrete durability is one the essential factors effecting the service life of structures. The problem in durability of structures not only gives great impact on the functionality of the structures themselves but also on their environment. The maintenance and repair process resulting from the problems will consume a lot of energy and resources. The use of bacteria as an effort for repairing concrete cracks becomes popular recently. Crack formation is a common problem in many concrete structures. Durability problems may rise due to these cracks usually reducing concrete integrity and permeability. There are many degradation mechanisms affecting concrete performance, two of them are carbonation and chloride ingress. Several researches prove increased resistance towards those two mechanisms. This paper is aimed to simulate service life of bacterial concrete based on carbonation and chloride ingress mechanisms incorporating carbonation rate constants and chloride migration coefficients. It is concluded that the utilization of bacteria in concrete is prospective in increasing the durability of concrete structures.

Some scholar indicated the leadership factors contribute to the success of sister city cooperation. However, research on the extent of its contribution is still limited. To fill this gap, an investigation of leadership factors was carried out through in-depth interviews with key actors who played a role and were directly involved during the process of sister city cooperation. This study examines the mechanism of local leaders which succeeded in building and implementing sister city cooperation to solve city problems. We found that local leaders designed sister city project or activities according to local needs and characteristics by involving academics and local communities, maintained and developed cooperation consistently and continuously by forming sister city management team, and encouraged community collective action to implement sister city cooperation through direct communication and incentives. The results of this study enrich the knowledge of leadership roles in city management and provide lesson learned for leaders of cities in the world.

The presence of online transportation has met the needs of the citizens of the city of Bandung for public transportation services that are safe, fast, cheap, and comfortable. This potential market is captured by online transportation companies by increasing the number of service fleets through the recruitment of driver partners of online transportation companies. The research objective is to identify whether the growth of online transportation has an impact on the level of service of Bandung city's road network. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, trying to explore the perceptions of consumers and driver partners and road service level data. The results showed that in the period of 2015 to 2018, where the mobility of people and goods used online transportation services, it was accompanied by a decrease in the level of road services. Traffic volume has approached or exceeded the road capacity. Local governments must prepare mass public transportation that is responsive to requests; flexible routes according to community needs; the capacity of the vehicle is bigger than the motorbike and city car but smaller than the bus; ability to compete with the private sector.

Timeliness of implementation is one of the variables in the implementation of construction projects. Evaluation and acceleration of delays projects will generally affect the use of project resources. Project delays can be overcome by making efforts, among others, with the Crashing Method which will affect various alternative costs resulting from Crashing. This study aims to understand that the delay in the construction project schedule will have an impact on the new schedule and the impact of costs that occur due to the acceleration carried out so that the project life is in accordance with the plan. Furthermore, it was analyzed for the need for additional workforce groups or only to maintain the addition of overtime. This research was conducted with descriptive analytic method, which is a research that will explain the conditions in the field in detail about project schedule delays by analyzing the magnitude of escalation of labor costs due to the acceleration of the duration of each activity so that the project schedule returns to the plan age.

In general, structural planning is only limited to count the safety and durability of the building in holding and accommodating the load on the structure, without calculating or determining the performance level of the structure. The structure performance itself is used to determine the performance level of a structure against an earthquake design based on the level of damage to the structure when it is affected by an earthquake with a certain return period. This research was conducted to determine the level of structural performance based on variations in column with a case study of the Rancacili Silinder II building. Structural performance analysis was carried out using three structural models, the structure with a circular column and a square column (Structure type I) according to existing conditions, the structure with a circular column (Structure type II), and the structure with a square column (Structure type III). The structure type I uses the same column dimensions from base floor to the roof, but structure type II and III the column dimensions change smaller from the base floor to the roof. Determination of performance levels based on ATC-40 with seismic load analysis of spectrum response. For force calculations in using ETABS V.16.2.0. The results of this study indicate that the structure type I has the smallest displacement value among the three models, with a displacement value of the X direction at 50, 198 mm. While the structure type II has the smallest displacement value of the Y direction at 46, 995 mm among the three models. The structure performance based on ATC-40 from the three structural models shows that they are at the same level of performance, Immediate occupancy (IO), where after an earthquake there is only a little damage and has the strength and stiffness approximately the same as the pre-earthquake conditions.

This paper presents the effect of using iron fiber to the value of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete. The iron fibers used in the concrete mixture are 50 mm long and 5 mm wide which is the waste of the lathe. For this purpose, there are 5 variations of concrete mixture with iron fiber content of 0%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% of cement weight for each mixed variation. The test specimens used are cylindrical in diameter 150 mm and 300 mm in height. The value of fresh concrete slump is set in the range 100-140 mm. The value of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete was obtained from concrete cylinder testing after 28 days of curing. The test results showed that the concrete mixture with iron fiber content of 8% yielded the highest compressive strength from the variation of the mixture of concrete using iron fiber. The value of the modulus of elasticity of the concrete obtained from the test results shows the same trend with the elasticity value calculated using the empirical equation.

Recent development in construction industry requires new materials with higher mechanical properties. Therefore, it is necessary to develop grout materials using materials at nano scale. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal content of nanosilica in grout material. Initial mix was given code G0. Then the nanosilica was added with 1% content (code G1), 2% content (G2), 3% (G3), and finally 5% nanosilica content (G5). Compressive strength tests were carried out when the grout was aged 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. Whereas flexural strength test was carried out at 28 days. The result finding showed that the optimal nanosilica content was at 3% (G3), significantly improved compressive strength 24.6%, tensile strength 20.9% and flexural strength 25.6%. The contribution of this research is to introduce nanogrout as an advanced material, to overcome the challenges of increasingly complex construction work in the future.

To reduce product defects in the deep drawing plate process, the manufacturing industry needs to design a product design in the form of initial simulations so as to reduce losses due to design errors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blank holder characteristics on the plates produced in the deep drawing process. The effect of blank holder includes three factors, including: deep drawing without using the holder, clearance, and draw ratio. The simulation in this study uses the Finite Element Method (FEM) method with the help of a computer. The provisions of the part in this simulation with an approximate size setting of 0.25, the material used is steel with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a blank diameter of 51 mm. Cylinder cup diameter 40 mm and depth of formation process 60 mm radius 8 mm and punch force 550 N. Based on the simulation results from the deep drawing process without using blank holders, the force needed for the drawing process will be even greater. While the clearance variable will reduce the force required during the drawing process. And the draw ratio variable gets smaller and will require greater force.

The purpose of this research is to determine a favorite tourist destination in Bali with GDSS approach. The problem that occurs in Bali is the occurrence of a significant difference in tourist visits to each of the destination object. Ranking of tourism objects as a whole allows famous tourism objects determine by tourists. The ranking process using the approach of the Group Decision Support System (GDSS), it aims to combine the decisions of several tourists. The AHP model in GDSS is used to determine the weight of each criterion in each alternative, the TOPSIS model use for individual ranking of each tourist object and the BORDA model aims to classify individual ranking. The results showed that the Tanah Lot tourist attraction was ranked first with a difference in the value of more than half with other tourism objects, such as the Goa Gajah tourist attraction has the last rank. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that cleanliness and safety criteria are vital factors of tourism objects.

Continuing competitive advantage will be a goal that will be increased by all types of industry to win the competition. The application of Lean production is a necessity for the industry to be able to increase the competitive advantage. This competitive advantage is achieved by waste elimination and cost reduction programs through the implementation of lean practice. In its implementation, there are many obstacles that occur, including lack of understanding and implementation of lean production that should be carried out. Leanness is a measure of the level of implementation of lean practices. In this paper, the dimensions that are the main areas of concern in lean production implementation are quality, customer, process, human resource and delivery-supplier. By using the advantages of fuzzy logic in performance appraisal and giving qualitative importance to avoid data impreciseness and vagueness. The built-in fuzzy linguistic level is used to identify the position of the industry at the level of application of lean production expressed by Fuzzy Leanness Index. The built model can be used for assessment and identify areas in the industry that have and have not contributed to the implementation of lean production.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fearsome epidemic for modern society as the virus itself shortening the human life expectancy. Based on the report issued by the National committee of sexually transmitted diseases monitoring agency. In the 3rd quarter of 2017, Bali is the 4th most province with major HIV infection in the country. One of the foundations that focuses on HIV/AIDS assistance and prevention in Bali is Spirit Paramacitta Foundation. The problems faced by the Foundation are the limitations of the counselor and the reluctance of the community to consult. With the advancement of the information technologies and to support the goodwill of foundation is the basis of why this research exists. The goal of this research is to build a mobile-based chatbot application using Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML), that will aid the foundation in giving people a reliable HIV/AIDS related information. AIML is used because it can make bots close to human capabilities. The application would be able to emulate the human conversation as good as the usual counseling session. The result of this research is chatbot has been able to help Spirit Paramacitta Foundation in counseling and disseminate information related to HIV/AIDS to the community.

In a decision making and assessment, a lot of data is needed as a reference, the data needed can be obtained through filling out a questionnaire distributed to the community. With the rapid development of technology in the IT field, it is necessary to create a questionnaire application that is based online so that it can be accessed anywhere and anytime through the current mobile device. Online-based data storage needs are also important in a questionnaire, if all this time a questionnaire was made in paper form, in this paper we will discuss how to create an online questionnaire application. With the location of data storage also in online servers that can facilitate data processing. Application design is adapted to mobile devices that are currently owned by everyone. This paper aims to provide an effective and efficient solution for researchers, companies or individuals who want to use questionnaires as a method of data collection.

The study period of students who pass the time limit and high numbers of dropout in a college can affect the value of campus accreditation. The anticipation of that possibility, the college must make predictions about potential students don't graduate on time. This study aims to build a system capable of predicting students who have the potential. If students with unpredictable graduation risks can be identified in the early stages, then the indication of dropout rates may be reduced by providing special appeals to students at risk. Prediction analysis applies the K-Nearest Neighbors method to dig up the trace data stack and look for the proximity of the data with the new data. The test data used student class of 2011 with 100 students as sample data. This method of classification is based on several attributes, namely the evaluation of the 1st semester to semester 6th, the number of GPA, credits that have been taken each semester, number of credits passed, and the number of credits that didn't pass. The result of classification becomes the output of the system which is then entered into the testing phase. This stage compares the output with the original data with 70, 73% accuration result.

The progress of human civilization is growing rapidly in all areas of life. Science and technology are hereby inseparable from the life of modern society and capital. Can't be denied the results of the life of modern society and capital spawned industries that have a big impact to the cause of the Acute Respiratory Infections (ISPA). Acute Respiratory Infections (ISPA) is a disease that attacks the breath through the nose, throat including adnexa network like sinuses with symptoms such as fever, sore throat and cough. In Indonesia ISPA ranks first cause of death in infant group and toddlers with percentages 38, 80% of all toddler mortality. ISPA is a major cause of patient visits in health services, 40-60% visit at community health clinic and 15-30% visit treatment at hospital inpatient or outpatient. In this research, we collect the dataset we get from Community Health Clinic around Denpasar and Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia. The dataset consists of 14 attribute and 150 rows of data. In this study we conducted a study to predict and diagnose disease in a person whether positive suffering from ISPA or negative in accordance with the symptoms caused by using the machine approach. In this research we will make comparisons from some algorithm is KNN, SVM, Naïve Bayes and with Neural Network. The result this research the best performance is SVM with value sensitivity 100%, specificity 100% and accuracy 100%.

Student retention can be used as a measure of the university performance. Poor student retention would affect the university because it depicts a poor image of a university management. Student retention can be interpreted as the percentage of students who remain active until they are graduated and then we call these kind of students as active students. In this study, we conducted a research on students database to predict whether they are active or inactive students by using the Support Vector Machine and then at last, we as well measured the quality of the prediction model. We use first and second semester GPA, financial status, work status and student's origin as predictor attribute. Prediction model that is developed from the student database of STMIK STIKOM Indonesia shown a good result with an accuracy level of 97, 46%. By excluding GPA from SVMs model, the performance of the model decrease. A model with all the attributes used in the classification provides a balance of positive and negative tuples of recognition compared to when one of attributes is omitted from the model.

Most of economic regional developments in Indonesia depend on freight transport system, efficient freight transport system would produce low cost of transport, it will affect on the price of good and the market. Freight transport in Indonesia is usually served by trucks, these mode has been identified as the transport mode that operate with high cost and inefficient. This paper shows the result of research on freight transport in West Sumatra that operated in Padang. This result is based from direct interview on 100 truck drivers in Padang. It shows that majority the trucks serve freight transportation between cities in West Sumatera and other Province in Sumatera island, most of goods that transported from Padang are construction materials. During deliver the goods, they require time about 1-2 days and always stop several times for break and eat. This is because the drivers drive the truck alone. The total operational cost spends during delivery to other province in Sumatera Island between Rp 1 millions - Rp 2 millions, there are illegal retributions for about 1-5% of operational cost, these retributions are conducted by person or organization. The Regulations that impede the performance of freight transport are prohibition of trucks enter the city in the morning and afternoon at peak hours.

Multimedia-based learning becomes a trend in schools that want their students to be able to absorb subject matter faster. Multimedia systems that are intended for learning must be designed to have a scenario that is aligned with the content of the lesson. In this research a scenario of multimedia-based learning model will be made using Data Flow Diagrams. The scenario model starts with Data Flow Level 0 which contains 3 processes, namely the learning process, the training process, and the quiz process. From the Data Flow Diagram Level 0, then the decompose process is carried out for each process to produce Data Flow Diagram Level 1. At level 1 Data Flow Diagrams for Learning Processes, 4 processes are generated, namely the process of Selecting Ablution Sequences, the Process of Show Ablution, Process Display of Physical Response, and Process of Display of Spell Speech. In the training process, 6 processes will be generated in the Level 1 Data Flow Diagram. In the quiz process, 4 processes will be generated in the Data Flow Diagram Level 1.

Building multimedia learning as a tool in the learning process must also consider the cognitive and affective aspects. Determine cognitive and affective aspects adjusted to the age level of students. Therefore, learning content will have cognitive and affective aspects that are adjusted to the age level of students. In this research will be found cognitive and affective aspects of the learning content that will be loaded into the content of a multimedia learning. The cognitive aspects and affective aspects will be obtained from the results of the synchronization of two lesson content possessed by Islamic Kindergarten schools using the Total Physical Response Method. Based on the cognitive and affective aspects of the learning content obtained, therefore, the result will be used as a reference to determine the multimedia parameters to be built.

Nurses' professional self-concept at the inpatient rooms of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang shows results that not yet optimal, as there are still nurses who have an inferior leadership or unfavourable attitudes. This condition can give negative effects on work productivity of nursing associates in the inpatient rooms. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between professional self-concept of nurses and the work productivity of nursing associates at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang in 2018. The research design was analytical descriptive with cross-sectional study approach. The samples were168 nursing associates at the hospital, and the sampling was based on proportional random sampling. Based on the results of this research, the good work productivity of nursing associates was 71%, and the good professional self-concept of nurses was 78%. There was a relationship between nurses' self-concept professional and work productivity of nursing associates at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang. The researchers suggest that service institutions should improve nurses' professional self-concept by managing training activities on managerial and caring.

Stemming and stopword removal is process that requires a lot of resources in the text pre-processing. The resources used in stemming and stopword removal are directly proportional to the amount of stopword, text, and document. Elimination of stemming and stopwords is one of many options which can reduce process in document-based recommendation system. However, the elimination of stemming and stopword removal have an impact on the recommendation system accuracy. This study determines the impact of stemming and stopword removal in document-based recommendation system. The system used in this study is recommendation system that recommend final project supervisor based on similarity student preliminary research proposal (UPP) document and lecturers' scientific publications. Student preliminary proposal and lecturers' scientific publications are document in Bahasa Indonesia. This study begins with analysis to map out the components to be used in each recommendation systems testing. Then proceed with the rearrangement of recommended system components based on testing focus. The study result is precision, recall, and f-mesure values comparison between each recommendation system component elimination. Elimination of stemming and stopwords show that the elimination generates precision and f-measure value worse than the system with stemming and stopword removal. However, system with elimination give a better result at recall value. In the future study, recommendation system needs some development to improve the precision, recall, and f-mesure value with modification in stemming method using Sarawi project and increase the amount of lecturer's publication.

Disparity of economic development between regions is one of the problems and major challenges of economic development in Indonesia in the current situation and in the future. The success of development in the fiscal decentralization system cannot be measured only by the economic aspect with growth indicators or GRDP values of one region, however, it must be extended to indicators of economic progress, especially those concerning general basic services. Government put some efforts to reduce fiscal disparity, one of them is by providing the equalization funds, which are; SAF (Special Allocation Funds), GAF (General Allocation Funds) and RSF (Revenue Sharing Funds). However, in fact, the provision of equalization funds still causes fiscal imbalances. The purpose of this study is to describe variables that affect the condition of economic disparity in Indonesia, then examine the factors that cause economic growth disparity in Indonesia and the policies that should be carried out by the government to solve the problems. This study found that some researchers use different variables/indicators in determining economic growth in Indonesia.

One of the causes of traditional of Genggong performing arts becoming unpopular in the life of the Global community is the role that is not in favour of Genggong art like in Batuan Village. Genggong Batuan Sculpture Art in the 1973 era which is an abstract work of art. Distinctiveness and uniqueness of forms of work that are not sufficiently able to maintain popularity on the entertainment stage. Study of this paper Valid from qualitative methods designed to be used in more depth. Data analysis is done by observing the validity of data directly on the surface other than stored documents. The theory that addresses various forces is what is called in the realm of power and also the habitus that occurs in society. The final results of this study are findings related to the traditional educational process. Genggong is in fact not related to the activities of the entertainment community. The neglect that he caused was a lifestyle and structure that was not in favour of the art of Genggong Desa Batuan.

Melong is a dense district in West Java of Indonesia and mostly occupied by pre-prosperous families, therefore the probability to be exposed with a pediatric emergency situation is large. The intervention was dedicated to preparing the community in identifying the pediatric emergency situation. The preliminary survey was conducted to identify household with toddlers. The mother of correspondent households was gathered in a forum and the baseline data about their knowledge in a pediatric emergency situation were measured twice, before and after the intervention. The intervention given in this public service is group discussion between a pediatrician, public health specialists, and the mothers. After the intervention had given, the mothers were explained and equipped by tools that would be useful to identify (and to cope) with problems such as a thermometer, water bladder, and measuring glass. Most of the respondents filled the questionnaires, they were mothers with children or grandchildren at home. The intervention method was successful to increase the pediatric emergency identification. Further evaluation for consistency of knowledge at home is needed due to rare chances of emergency situation.

Recently, the high number of mobile gadget usage by parents has increased its usage by the children, resulting positive and negative effects. One of the negative effects is mental health problems. Therefore, parents should pay attention to their children's mobile gadget usage and check their emotional status. This research aims at investigating the relationship between the mobile gadget usage based on American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation and children's mental health status based on the Mental Health Problem Questionnaire (KMEE). This research is an analytic observation research using a cross-sectional approach. The samples of this research were 70 preschoolers taken from three kindergartens in Bandung Wetan sub-district selected using cluster random sampling technique. The research found that 39 preschoolers used gadgets more than one hour a day, and 36 of them had deviant mental health status. The statistical calculations using Chi-Square showed that there was a significant relationship between mobile gadget usage based on the duration of use and mental health status. Children's mobile gadget usage that did not follow AAP recommendations could give a negative effect on children's mental health status. Whereas, mobile gadget usage that followed AAP recommendations could improve children's development of cognition, language, and social skills.

With the rapid development of the internet, learning technology responds to the birth of e-learning with the vast use of a various Learning Management System (LMS) software to facilitate online learning in a structured manner. Moodle is an LMS developed by Martin Dougiamas which has four basic concepts, namely: constructivism, constructionism, social constructionism, connect and separate. Several studies have shown that learning reform that combines Moodle with conventional classes, shows an increase in student knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour. This study aims to compile a student's perception on Moodle-based e-learning model in clinical skills learning in the Medical Faculty. This qualitative case study adopted the 'define' and 'develop' phases of the 4D model of a module development. The informants were 11 fourth-year medical students, at the academic phase of a medical school at Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia. This study was conducted using unstructured in-depth interviews and small group discussions. The verbatim data were transcribed using Microsoft Word and analysed using NVivo ver.12 software. Four major themes emerged from the define phase: teaching materials, training evaluation, student's learning styles, and the weaknesses of the conventional clinical skills training. This research described that conventional way of clinical skills learning has many limitations and suggested that the use of e-learning based module such as Moodle, could be used as a blended learning approach and can cover the shortcomings of conventional learning methods in clinical skills teaching of the medical students.

The aim of this descriptive study was to describe the use and the perception of the third year undergraduate medical students in Bandung Islamic University toward integrative medicine. Data was collected quantitatively with cross sectional approach with the sample size consisted of 111 people. Results of this research on the use of integrative medicine showed that two-thirds (66.6%) of the students used integrative medicines, but this number was considered low compared to other studies. The most common used types of integrative therapy are massage (54.5%), consumptions of vitamins and minerals (46.6%), herbal medicine (35.2%) and aromatherapy (22, 7%). The study also shown that the students held moderate perceptions on every statement given. The study concluded that most of the students used integrative medicines. The most common integrative medicine modalities by the students were massage, consumptions of vitamins and minerals, herbal therapy and aromatherapy. The perceptions towards integrative medicine mostly dominate by moderate perception.

The purpose of this study was to assess cardio metabolic disorders earlier by measuring Body Mass Index (BMI), Blood Pressure and Physical Fitness (VO2max). This study was an observational study with cross sectional approach conducted on CV Harith construction by taking subject of 30 peoples by randomly purposive which met the inclusion criteria. Workers shifted morning work then performed night shift each for 2 weeks before they were measured. This study uses the Dependent t test to determine morning and night shift differences. The results showed that there were significant increased on BMI and blood Pressure with p less than 0, 001 but there was no significant decreases on Physical fitness among night and day shift working. This study shows night shift in construction workers causes a significant increase in blood pressure and BMI but does not show significant changes in worker physical fitness.

This aim of study is to explore the ability to make an appropriate diagnosis and treatment in clerkship students on their final examination as medical doctor. We used analytic method to 609 sheets of prescription from 180 clerkship students in their last try out Objective Structured Clinical Examination at Medical Faculty UNISBA, March 2018. There were 20 diagnoses from 10 groups of body systems. Based on different cases, clerkship students must write their own diagnosis and gave an appropriate pharmacological therapy for each diseases. The result showed there were more than 80% made an appropriate diagnosis and less than 50% made inappropriate pharmacological therapy. As conclusion, the ability to make proper therapy for clerkship medical student is lower than the ability to make an appropriate diagnosis.

The aim of this study was to compare the improvement of nutritional knowledge of maternal and children health centre cadres in Tamansari, Bandung through entrepreneurship and nutritional training. This was an analytical study with cross sectional approach that held while conducted a community service. Nutritional knowledge among the cadres measured using questionnaire pre and post the first phase of the training. The comparison analysed using Stata with dependent t-test. This study revealed that 24 cadres completed both pre and post questionnaire, other 3 cadres only returned one questionnaire. Based on the statistical analysis, there was a significance improvement on the level of nutritional knowledge after the training. The study concluded that entrepreneurship nutritional training can improve knowledge level on maternal and children health centre cadres.

Obesity has become a global issue, and has almost doubled since 1980. One of the strategies chosen for handling or preventing obesity is by diet. Various types of diets are widely developed in the community, such as the ketogenic, Atkins, and mayo diet. There is no definitive data on what diet protocol is the most effective both in the short and long term. Provide an overview and data about diets that are most effective in losing weight. Analytic observational with cross sectional design. Subjects were the total population of women who took the Atkins, the ketogenic, and the Mayo diet at a diet provider in Bandung during 2017-2018 totalling 59 people. Data was analyzed using ANOVA test. To see the difference of those diets with duration 5 or 13 days, Independent T Test was tested. There were differences in weight loss and BMI in women who underwent the Atkins diet, ketogenic diet, and mayo diet with p=0.008 (p=0.05) for weight loss and p=0.007 (p value<0.05) for reduce BMI. The difference was also found in duration with p<0.001 (p value<0.05) for weight loss and p=0.001 (p value 50.05) for decrease in BMI. In both tests Mayo has the highest decrease in weight and BMI.

Tissue engineering technology is widely used that involves the use of patients own biologically active proteins, growth factors and biomaterial scaffolds for therapeutic purposes. Epithelialization is an essential component of wound healing used as a defining parameter of a successful wound closure. The purpose of this research was to analyse differences of wound healing process post tooth extraction between application of platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich plasma as a growth factors and hydroxyapatite as a scaffold seen from thickness of epithelialization. This research was an animal experiment. 18 rabbits randomly divided into 2 groups of treatment (K1) apply platelet-rich fibrin post tooth extraction and (K2) apply of platelet-rich plasma plus hydroxyapatite post tooth extraction. Then each treatment group was divided randomly into 3 groups of observation time (Day 3, 7 and 14). Tissue biopsy to see histopathologic pattern is analysed based on thickness of epithelialization. The results showed that thickness of epithelialization in group PRP+HA is similar with group PRF (P = 0.304). Thickness of epithelialization base on observation time had a significant difference in each group (P<0, 001). It was concluded that application of platelet-rich fibrin, platelet-rich plasma and hydroxyapatite can accelerate the wound healing of tooth extraction socket by means of thickness of epithelialization increasing.

An effective communication comes from good communication management. Agile service development has principles regarding to the communication management. The principles focus communications into a situation, thus the communications are well organized in operation so the communication will be effective and efficient. Aims of this research are to create communication management system which is appropriate for agile stakeholder to manage their communication during project development. The method used in this research is software development life cycle (SDLC). This research presents a web-based application design for Agile stakeholder communication support in order to help project developers in organizing and planning communication activities during project development based on Agile service development principles.

The study aims to determine the effect of motivational, skill and marketing knowledge on productive. The study uses a survey method with causal analysis (path analysis). The sample consisted of 100 housewives by using simple random sampling technique. The relationship model between variables formulated in the theoretical model using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that variations of the productivity of the people were directly affected positively by variations of motivation, skills, and marketing knowledge. Variations of marketing knowledge are directly affected positively by variations of motivation and skills. Therefore, to increase community productivity can be done by increasing marketing knowledge, motivation, and skills. This can be done by enhancement program through community-based instructional design.

The development of high-order thinking skill of students is one of the keys to success in adapting to changing times and entering the world of technology. This ability should be developed since students in elementary school. The research aims to improve students' high order thinking skills through integrative thematic-based science learning with scientific approaches. The research was conducted at one of the elementary schools in Ambon, East Indonesia used the quasi-experimental method with pre-post-equivalent control group designs. Data collection techniques are carried out through high-order thinking tests with indicators determining aspects, making decisions, making ideas, reasoning, and communicating. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average N-gain value of the experimental group was 0.7427 higher than the control group 0.4338. So it can be concluded that thematic integrative science-based learning with a scientific approach can improve students' high order thinking skills in elementary schools.

Teachers with a good level of assessment literacy will bring their students towards good learning, because assessment and learning are two integrated concepts. The purpose of this study is to describe the pre-service elementary school teachers' ability in understanding the concept of creative thinking assessment literacy in science subject. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. And the research sample are 25 pre-service elementary school teachers of 7th semester elementary school teacher education major. The instruments used were multiple choice test instruments about assessment of creative thinking literacy in science subjects. The results of the analysis show that the understanding of pre-service elementary school teachers about creative thinking assessment literacy in science subjects is 68% and is in the "fair" category, while the understanding of assessment literacy in science subjects is based on seven indicators of assessment literacy standards which are 70.86% and are in the "very good" category, and the understanding of creative thinking in science subjects based on four indicators of creative thinking is 73.25% and is in the "very good" category. Pre-service elementary school teachers must have better pedagogical and professional competence so that it is easier to carry out learning and assessment that is suitable for the development of elementary school students.

This research aims to generate digital comic on ecosystem for thematic learning in elementary school. Research and development was used as method of the study. This study was conducted with five-grade students in five Public Elementary Schools, two Private Elementary Schools and two Integrated Islamic Primary Schools. The instruments of data collection used in this study were questionnaire and interview. The students questionnaire responses was analysed qualitative and quantitative for each item. The validity test of the developed digital comic on ecosystem is good validity categories. This finding also suggests that the developed digital comic can increase students' motivation and interest in thematic learning. The development of digital comic learning media on thematic learning in elementary schools can motivate students in the learning process worthy of being used in learning. The feasibility of comic media is shown by the assessment of material experts by 3.51 (good), media expert's assessment of 4.01 (good), teacher's assessment as an education practitioner by 3.9 (good) and student questionnaire assessment by 3.93 (good).

This study aims to develop teaching materials on the rate of reaction based on Science, Environment, Technology and society (SETS) to improve students' scientific literacy. The research method used is Developmental Research (DR) with Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4S-TMD) models. This article is the first part of the development of teaching material which includes selection and structuring steps. In the selection stage, the development of indicators that are in accordance with the demands of the curriculum, explains the concept of reaction rate using standardized textbook sources, and analyzes SETS which can be related to the concept of reaction rates. In the structuring stage consist of concept maps, macro structures and multiple representations are developed that connect between representations of macroscopic, sub microscopic and symbolic levels. The results of the selection and structuring steps are evaluated by expert lecturers. The results show that the teaching materials developed are in accordance with the demands of the curriculum, scientific certainty has been ensured and the phenomena presented are in accordance with the aspect of SETS and concept maps, macro structures and multiple representations developed are valid. The first part of the development of teaching materials which includes the selection and structuring steps resulted in a draft of SETS-based reaction rate teaching materials. Next step, we will doing characterization and didactic reduction stage to draft teaching material.

The purpose of this study was to development electronic chemistry book on acid and base use 4S TMD models with STES approach. 4S TMD models consist of selection, structuring, characterization, and didactic reduction. This study method is the first part of the development of teaching materials which includes selection and structuring steps. The study method is Development Research (DR) that consists of design, development, and evaluation. The design stage was to analyze and plan the types of teaching materials instructional developed. There are 13 indicators from 2 standard competencies that produced in selection step based curriculum, the compatibility subject matter and indicators, and the relations between value and subject matter. Explains the concept of acid-base using standardized textbook sources, and analyzes STES that can be integrated with the concept of acid base. In the structuring step, concept maps, macrostructures, and multiple representations are developed that connect between representations of macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic levels. The result of the selection and structuring steps are evaluated by expert lecturers. The first part of the development of teaching materials which includes the selection and structuring steps resulted in a draft of electronic chemistry book on acid-base with STES approach. This study reaches the structuring stage, then characterization and didactic reduction stage will be followed up.

This study aims to describe how to develop hydrocarbon e-textbook of chemistry based knowledge building environment with 4S TMD models. 4S TMD models consists of four stages i.e selection, structuring, characterization and didactic reduction. Hydrocarbon there are many applications in daily life. Knowledge building environment is a theory pioneered by Carl Bereiter and Marlene Scardamalia to construct knowledge. Knowledge building environment contains values that can build knowledge through the environment related to teaching material. The values contained in the knowledge building environment include attentiveness, careness, curiosity, critical, moderation, respect for environment, respect for health and wisdom. Developmental Research was used as method of the study consist of design, develop, and evaluation. In this article, we explain result of developed e-textbook of chemistry in selection and structuring stages. Selection stage consist of the curriculum based on the selection steps, the interrelationships between certain skill value and subject matter. Structuring stage consist of make a concept maps and macro structure. This research only to structuring stage characterization and didactic reduction stages will be carried out.

The development of the digital world in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 is very significant both in the world of education and the world of industry where it requires adaptation to be able to utilize it so that they remain productive to increase income. The purpose of this article is: (1) To know the empowerment of adults through digital skills entering the era of industrial revolution 4.0 by utilizing technology as an opportunity for their lives (2) The process of stages that adults do about understanding digital skills. The time of this study was conducted January-February 2019. This research was conducted in Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. This research model uses the Self-Directing Learning approach. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The subjects in this study were 23 online drivers. The results of this study indicate that (1) There is a significant favourable influence on empowerment for adults that has been carried out through digital skills (2) The process of stages carried out for adults to be able to improve and adopt the concept of digital skills through planning, socialization, training, implementation, evaluation, and assistance. With this empowerment, online motorcycle taxi company partners pay more attention to drivers by empowering them if there is a new menu. So that all drivers immediately find out the latest list published by online motorcycle taxi companies.

The current research will describe developing cities in developing countries especially in Indonesia representing polycentric or urban sprawl growth patterns. The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of the level of education parents have on the digital expertise of students in supporting learning in urban sprawl impacted areas, this is intended to recommend handling the problem of low levels of knowledge of students about the use of technology to support learning and so that students have good digital expertise to support his work in the future. Data analysis used is descriptive qualitative to explore social factors of the community and students who develop in Colomadu District. Data were obtained through interview methods accompanied by questionnaires in the study area. The results of this study illustrate that the low level of education of parents will lead to low income and socio-economic conditions, thus becoming a barrier to information and digital abilities of students in urban sprawl affected areas. Students tend to have digital expertise when the level of education of parents is in a good level and has a good economic level, besides that it is found that regional development does not necessarily have a positive impact on increasing students' knowledge about technology. Furthermore, the low level of digital ability of students will be predicted to become an obstacle in the future.

This study discusses the implementation of the method of discovery learning in critical reading learning in Indonesian language lessons in elementary schools. This study aims to determine the improvement of critical reading skills of fifth-grade students of elementary school through discovery learning methods and to find out the implementation of discovery learning methods in improving critical reading skills of fifth-grade students in elementary school. The method used in this study is the Elliott model action research method. The action research was carried out on 32 fifth graders at one of the Islamic private elementary schools in Palembang, Indonesia. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of discovery learning methods in critical reading learning can improve students' skills in critical reading. Thus the results of this study can be recommended to elementary school educators to use this discovery learning method in critical reading learning in Indonesian language lessons in elementary school. In addition, the discovery learning guide can also be used to facilitate the learning process.

The objective of the research is to obtain information about the effect of authority and decision making on managerial effectiveness on principal of state primary school. The research was conducted to all of state primary school principal at The City of north Jakarta by using a survey method with path analysis applied in testing hypothesis. The number 80principal as sample was selected by using Slovin formula. The research concludes: (1). there is direct effect of authority on managerial effectiveness. (2). there is direct effect of decision making on managerial effectiveness. (3). there is direct effect of authority on decision making. Therefore to enhance principal's managerial effectiveness can be carried out by authority, and decision making.

This article is based on research data in elementary schools (SD). This research is focused on a program called Talent Optimizing Program which is intended for students with special needs at Budi Mulia Dua Elementary School Yogyakarta. This school is one of the formal educational institutions with inclusion program facilities. This school implements inclusive education where education for normal children and children with special needs is held simultaneously regardless of their condition. Qualitative approach is used in this study by collecting data through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Informants choosing is done with snowball technique. For checking data credibility, it is done by using triangulation technique. The results of the study show that this school believes each individual is unique, hence respect and tolerance for differences must be made. These are the learning bases available at Budi Mulia Dua Elementary School Yogyakarta. This school provides services for students with special needs through adaptation of school curriculum, learning, assessment, and infrastructure. This school is a means for students with special needs to develop their talents and interests. Educators and education staffs in this school strive for making innovation continuously so students with special needs can take part in learning activities by adjusting to their conditions, developing their talents and interests through Talent Optimizing Programs.

The pedagogical competence describes the capability of a teacher in learning at school and improving teacher's pedagogical competence needs support from the principal. This study aimed to describe the principal's strategy in improving teacher's pedagogical competence. This type of research was qualitative. The data sources were principal and teacher in Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Sumbang. Interview and observation were used as instruments to collect the data. The steps of data analysis include data reduction; data validity; data display; and drawing conclusions. The results of this research indicates that the strategies undertaken by principals in improving teacher pedagogical competence include involving the teachers in seminar or training activities; participating in the activities of the teacher working group; and personal guidance based on the results of supervision of learning activities. The key to success in implementing this strategy is to create a conducive school climate.

Whenever a person has an idea in his mind but the idea is intuitively unacceptable, he substitutes his idea which are intuitively more effective and efficient. The substitutes are called intuitive models. The approach used in this study is the qualitative approach with a type of explorative-descriptive. The purpose of this study is to describe the intuition of private vocational students in terms of gender where the students' intuition is an intuitive model of students in solving mathematical problems with the PISA model. The subjects are mechanical engineering student in class XI of vocational high school and included high ability students in their class This research using task-based interviews and result of student. Based on the result of the research in using intuition models, female student more uses models than male student. Female student uses trial and error to stimulate ideas from understanding problem to finding solution while male student only writes important point for him and not easy to communicate his ideas. It's found that intuition can occur anywhere in solving problems. The product results from intuition in the form of ideas obtained by intuition models which function as a means to make it easier for someone to understand objects or concepts that are intuitively difficult.

Students had different characteristics of learning styles, differences from these characteristics can affect learning achievement, confidence, communication, and other activities. This study aims to analyze student learning achievement with all three learning styles. The method in this study is a quantitative method and continued with analysis. The data of this study were obtained from all junior high school students at Karanganyar, Indonesia, district and used multiple choice question test instruments and questionnaires. The results of this study indicated that student learning achievements have differences from learning styles. To improve learning achievement, in mathematics learning students are trained to work on math problems and the teacher expected to know student learning styles so that the teacher can provide appropriate to handle students at Karanganyar Regency.

Polymer is topic of chemistry which full of the concept and the application polymer is often found in everyday life. But based on the results of a survey with Chemistry teachers from different provinces, student's mastery of concepts polymer is low level of concept mastery. Most of the teachers ignored the development student's mastery of concepts polymer. This study aims to obtain a polymer learning design using the RADEC model based on google classroom to develop student's mastery of concepts. The researcher used the Greivemeijer & Cobb Design-Based Research (DBR) research method consisting of 3 stages: Preliminary Design, Design Experiment and Retrospective Analysis. Participants in this study were senior high school students, Chemistry teachers and 3 observers who understood the RADEC model. Data collected by interviewing, testing (pre-teaching questions) and observing the activities of teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that the learning design developed by the researcher is valid, accessible and teachable. This is indicated by the results of expert validation and RADEC based on google classroom can develop student's mastery of concepts.

2013 curriculum is a simplified curriculum, using thematic integrative learning approaches, and in it contains about strengthening character education for students. This research aims to describe the management of 2013 curriculum in elementary school which includes the plan of the implementation and evaluation. This is a qualitative research by using case study approach. The subject of this research is the principal, the vice principal, curriculum, teachers, and students. The data of the research is collected by doing interview, observation, and document study. The data analysis is done descriptively. The result of this research shows that the management of 2013 curriculum in elementary school can be seen from three aspects. They are planning, implementation, and evaluation. The planning of 2013 curriculum is based on the policy that has been established by the government and the curriculum evaluation implementation from the previous period. The implementation of 2013 curriculum uses integrative thematic learning with scientific approach and is applied gradually. The evaluation of the curriculum is done in order to see the ability of achieving the goal and the feasibleness of 2013 curriculum by considering the analysis of student's score and evaluation meeting in every end of the semester.

This study aims to explain and to describe the role of school principals in the implementation of 2013 Curriculum at Elementary School Pakem 2 Sleman Yogyakarta. This study uses qualitative method. The instruments of the research were observation, interview and documentation. It is where the researcher seeks to collect and analyze research data through primary data sources in the form of structured interviews with the principal regarding the role of school principal in implementation of 2013 Curriculum. The results of this research show that school principals have played good roles in implementation of 2013 Curriculum in Elementary School Pakem 2 Sleman Yogyakarta. The roles are such as: (a) role as an educator, (b) role as a manager, (c) role as an administrator, (d) role as a supervisor, (e) role as a leader, (f) role as an innovator, and (g) role as a motivator. Collaboration between school principals, school supervisor, and teacher has been maximizing in implementing curriculum in this school. The school principal is very open minded to anyone who wants to give input form of suggestions or criticisms for the progress of the school.

This study describes chemical learning in junior high school through Project Based Learning (PjBL). Learning through Project Based Learning (PjBL) can help students reduce learning difficulties, both in academic performance, motivation (self-efficacy and task value in terms of environmental studies) and group work (acceptance in groups and involvement in the learning process). In order to be able to attend learning well, students must have cognitive abilities, because it is one aspect of child development that must be stimulated by their abilities early. Therefore, this study aims to develop students' cognitive abilities through the design of Project Based Learning (PjBL) on the topic of natural dyes. The researcher used the Greivemeijer & Cobb Design-Based Research (DBR) research method consisting of 3 phases namely Preliminary Design, Design Experiment and Retrospective Analysis. Participants in this study were 25 class VIII students, science teachers and 3 observers who understood the PjBL design. Based on the results of the study, the PjBL design can improve students' cognitive abilities. Understanding (C2) obtaining an average of 59.59% (sufficient category), applying (C3) obtained an average of 66.66% (good category), analysed (C4) obtained an average of 58.58% (sufficient category). The highest cognitive ability of students is in the ability to remember, while the lowest is in the ability to analyse.

The development of mathematics learning today requires students to improve their thinking skills. One of them is the Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS). HOTS in this study is based on the revision of Bloom's Taxonomy, namely C4 (analysing), C5 (evaluating), and C6 (creating) with the indicators that are differentiating, attributing, checking, critiquing, planning and producing. This research is a quantitative descriptive study that aims to determine the ability of students to solve HOTS problems in the matter of straight-line equations. The research was conducted at SMPN 3 Surakarta, SMPN 16 Surakarta, and SMPN 20 Surakarta, each of which included high, medium, and low category schools with 77 students. Data obtained using HOTS questions on the topic of straight-line equations with the reliability of the item is 0.746 The conclusion obtained is that differentiating indicators are at a high level. Medium level indicators are attributing and producing. Indicators at low levels are checking, critiquing, and planning. In the differentiating indicator, from 77 students there are 36 students with differentiating abilities at a high level. Whereas in the other 5 HOTS indicators, the ability of students is mostly at medium and low levels.

In the 21st century, digital media is very important in life. With the development of technology, teachers must be able to develop multimedia-based learning systems. Modules are teaching materials that can be arranged in certain forms and can help learning activities. Modules can be made in various forms, one of them is a digital module. Macromedia Flash is an application for creating animations that are widely used by animators. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the digital Macromedia Flash module in mathematics learning. This study uses descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the results of the author's research, it can be concluded that the Macromedia Flash digital module is very effective on mathematics learning. Digital modules can increase student's motivation on mathematics learning and increase the activity of students in the learning process.

This study aims to reveal whether the use of a learning model Dialogical Argumentation Instructional Model (DAIM) can improve the student's ability to argue by using the concept of genetics in maintaining opinion using socio scientific issues. The research method uses mixed method, with the number of students studied as many as 36 students and 1 Biology teacher. The socio-scientific issue rose was about the use of mutant organisms and the acceleration of evolution with the help of biotechnology on transgenic corn. The results obtained that the ability to understand material rose between 1 - 14 points; there is an increase in the complexity of the structure of argumentation to level 6, and although it is low, the use of the concept of genetics as a basis for opposing and defending opinions can be seen.

Research has been conducted instruments diagnostic two-tier multiple choice assisted smartphone on salt hydrolysis, or called Smartphone Tes Diagnostik Miskonsepsi Hidrolisis Garam (S-TDM-HG). In this study using descriptive methods that are part of research and development (R & D). The procedure of research is carried out through several stages of work, namely: (1) determination of subject matter; (2) study of core competencies, basic competencies, syllabus and material to determine concept labels, (3) concept map making, (4) identification of student misconceptions based on concept labels made in concept maps, (5) designing questions and answers (6) collection of existing multimedia, (7) making scripts and storyboards, (8) making S-TDM-HG. The development of the items adapted the stages developed by Treagust and McIntire. The concept map developed is used to identify what concepts will be developed in the process of making S-TDM-HG questions. Based on the essay test data given to 34 students in one of the high schools in Sumedang, the initial identification of misconceptions from students was generated to develop the S-TDM-HG problem in the first tier (tier 1) and second tier (tier 2). Based on the 16 response patterns obtained there are six possible answers to misconceptions, one possible answer understands the concept and nine possible answers that do not understand. 22 items developed, 20 questions are said to be valid with a CVI value of 0.9385. Based on 20 valid questions, which meet the content validation criteria as many as 18 items.

Empirical reality shows the occurrence of moral decadence, behavioural degradation, and ethical erosion that requires more serious handling. Citizenship Education is one of the personality subjects given from elementary school to university level to anticipate these conditions. Civic Education learning in elementary schools is very important because at this age the children's personality is more easily formed and directed to be able to understand, interpret, the noble values that are taught and subsequently expected to be realized in the behaviour of noble attitudes in the daily lives of students. Research approach based on literature studies. How does this Civic Education emerge as learning, does the implementation process fit in the context of the elementary school, how the application of the noble values of students in the school environment, to Civic Education learning that takes place in accordance with expectations, becomes the parts to be studied, so that Civic Education is indeed very important to be given to students from elementary school to tertiary level in order to achieve the goal of education so that they are smart in developing their personalities for the provision of life in the future.

This study aims to determine the readiness of schools in implementing the policy of school literacy movement as an effort to form literate generations and to analyze complex readiness in terms of facilities and school culture. This research was conducted in elementary schools in Pekalongan city and regency totaling 39 schools. This research uses qualitative research method. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model steps as for steps (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions / verification. Data is collected through observation and interviews. The results of the study show that there are five principles of school literacy, namely 1). It should be in accordance with the developmental stages of student characteristics. 2) it uses a variety of texts and paying attention to the needs of students. 3) It must be in an integrated and sustainable manner. 4). It involves oral communication skills. 5) It should consider diversity. Of these five principles, in average, some schools only prepared the materials for schools, not the culture of school literacy. It has not yet been built in an integrated and sustainable manner considering that preparing literate generation should focus on sustainable processes that will benefit in the long time. Therefore, results of this study are important to be used as a reference for schools and policy makers in preparing schools so that they are ready to implement the school literacy movement for literate generations.

Balanced Scorecard developed by Robert Kaplan of Harvard and David Norton as a framework for measuring organizational performance using a more Balanced set of performance measures, role of will leadership is also needed in the organizations as the soul in the organization of a business to make changes and become pioneer in the enhancement, it can be manifested will said the effectiveness of, efficiency, the vision and the ability adapt in business environment, able to face competition and in the middle tight competition and reached a vision. Balance Scorecard suggests that we view the organization are: Financial, Customer, Internal Process, Organizational Capacity, there will be efficiency and effectivity achievement and vision and strategy can be applied so that in this case the business sensitivity to the environment can be achieved so that quality, service, creativity, innovation and competitive advantage can be created, the commitment and cooperation in the fields of that need to is built and furnished by all elements in the an organization that started as a rush for the local nature of the decrees issued sustainability constantly in an attitude.

Respect for the sea is a form of local wisdom of Indonesian people who are maritime countries. Many ethnic groups in Indonesia see the sea as something sacred apart from the profane. Traditions and rituals related to the sea are a sign of respect for the sea. Likewise, in Chinese society in Indonesia, respect for the sea appears with the existence of temples located on the coast. Globalization is characterized by the loss of local wisdom and sacred traditions, but here can be seen the persistence of local wisdom traditions in viewing the sacred. The study was conducted using ethnographic research methods, which were carried out in several temples that had sea guardian deities as host gods, such as in Makassar, Jakarta, Karawang, and Madiun. This research will discuss the rituals intended to honour Mazupo as a sea guardian deity as a form of local wisdom in maritime society. Those rituals are local wisdom because the form of worship is a life value system inherited from one generation to the next in the form of religion, culture or customs which are generally in oral form in a society's social system and become sacred.

In the implementation of the principle of sabotage (Presidential Instruction Number 5 in 2005) about the empowerment of the cruise industry nationwide, the Government issued new rules for the shipping industry operating in Indonesia the fulfilment of class acceptance requirements for foreign vessels that have been purchased and operating in the Indonesian territory becomes an important concern, so that all ships sailing within the territory of Indonesia have been registered in the Indonesian Classification Bureau, its consequences are to be classed in the domestic ship classification and in this case is the Bureau Classification of Indonesia (BKI). This research used the descriptive methods with the literature data from mandatory ship classification is done for the sake of safety, as one of the tools to measure the worth or not to sail. Requirements of classification more focus on the technical requirements and calculations of a hull construction, stability, electrical machinery, and the supporting system of the vessel operating systems such as boilers, steering system, and others. Because this research is foreign vessels purchased from China, in the case of foreign vessel classifications purchased and then operated in the territory of Indonesia, it is obligatory to carry out a classification in the Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI) and fulfill the requirements for finished shipbuilding class acceptance procedures, and then BKI issued a Temporary Classification Certification and Temporary Load Line Certificate.

The high intensity of Batam and Singapore transportation cannot be separated from the Chinese population of Batam which is a community group in the city of Batam. The existence of Batam Chinese has been going on for centuries, since they came from mainland China using boats. With tenacity, social networks and geographical proximity to Singapore, Batam Chinese people become dominant in the economy in Batam. This study seeks to show maritime aspects and shipbuilding technology and their relationship with social society through transnational concepts. With globalization, and to develop networks, people really need sea transportation to support the transnational process.

This study aims to determine the feasibility of IT investment in hospitality and determine the value and tangible/intangible benefits from IT implementation. Problem arises from high investment without knowing the real impact and future investment to IT development. The scope of this research is information technology investment in 5-star hotel in Jakarta. The data were collected by distributing questionnaires to the research samples, are Grand Hyatt Hotel, Mandarin Oriental Hotel and Ayana Midplaza Hotel Jakarta. The analysis uses Cost Benefit Analysis that combines financially and non-financial calculations to determine the feasibility of IT investment and the benefits of IT for 5-star hotels in Jakarta. From the analysis result, it can be concluded that 5-star hotel in Jakarta is feasible to make IT investment according to NPV, ROI, and Payback period calculation and IT investment in 5-star hotel is quite beneficial for hotel business process.

This article is a concept that arranges and expands the bioenergy system paradigm that has been widely published by renewable energy experts. The new paradigm is based on the principle of the energy system where all factors must be identified and included because they affect the sustainability of the system's process, performance and results. The target of this concept is structuring a more holistic and effective analytical technique to guide policymakers, entrepreneurs, and researchers in making decisions and implementing bioenergy projects. The literature review is used as an analytical tool to build this concept and the results of a study indicate that the bioenergy system is all key components that can be grouped into policy and regulation subsystems; the subsystem of the production and bioenergy utilization chain, the bioenergy management subsystem; and the bioenergy infrastructure subsystem. To get sustainability, bioenergy system is necessary to link and identify key materials that are related and interact with the economic, social and environmental pillars that support the sustainable development system. Future prospects are translating the concept of bioenergy system and their constituent components into mathematical models, making a research guide in the future based on agro-industry and regional agro-bioenergy system in Indonesia.

Hyperspectral images are able to provide more information because this kind of images have hundreds of spectral bands. In machine learning, the classification of hyperspectral data has several challenges, including high number of dimensions, number of output classes, and limited data references. The solution given to overcome the challenge is to use Ensemble Learning. The benefit of using Ensemble Learning is that we can improve the classification performance of hyperspectral data. One of the Ensemble Learning methods is RotBoost, which is a combination of the Rotation Forest and Adaboost methods. To find out the performance of the RotBoost method, this research used hyperspectral data of vegetation area in Indian pines, Indiana, USA that is provided by NASA's airborne visible infra-red imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The RotBoost method then compared with Rotation Forest method to find a better performance. Confusion matrix used to evaluate the accuracy of each method in the classification. The performance measured is overall accuracy obtained by doing 5-fold cross validation. This experiment also conducted to find the most optimal S (number of base classifiers) and T (number of iteration in Adaboost) values. Experimental results showed that RotBoost produces better accuracy than the Rotation Forest. S and T parameter values are also not very influential on RotBoost accuracy.

High-Speed Photography is a technique to capture a moment that moves very quickly. This technique is commonly used by photographers and scientists for research purposes, especially in the fields of physics, chemistry, and metallurgy. To capture the moment that moves quickly the photographer must squeeze the camera manually, then the camera will tend to shake, and the picture is not taken correctly. Also, there is also a delay between squeezing the camera with the shutter movement that adds error factor. In this study designed a high-speed automatic photography tool using a sound sensor that can freeze objects automatically when the sound is heard. To design and make this High-Speed Photography tool automatically use Microcontroller and FC-04 Voice Sound. The results of the overall test conducted to test all the components contained in the tool High-speed automatic photography. The first test scenario is to put the tool ± 50 cm will work optimally, the second test scenario is the sound sensor response when the balloon object to distinguish the object to photograph. This tool is capable of taking pictures automatically when the sound is heard.

Determination of reorder point aims to meet the safety stock. This is a central parameter of inventory control. This study aims to find reorder point based on goods classification and safe stock. This approach is implemented in retail information systems that have been running. The information system has about 15.000 active items with the number of sales transactions around 1.100 per day. The problem in determining the reorder point is the unavailability of the safe stock reference. Lack of safe stock information triggered the ordering goods error. This error causes over stock. It can increase the potential of expired goods. In this study the researcher classifies the goods and determines the amount of safe stock to control the inventory. We used ABC analysis method for goods classification. It divides the group of goods into A, B, C, and D. The amount of safe stock is determined based on the goods sale's history using Min Max Analysis method. Classification result is used to determine the limits on the inventory of allowed items to be ordered. Limitation safety stock amount refers to the limits from the min max method result. While, testing is done by comparing cost before and after implementation of this method.

The purpose of writing this article is to build digital intelligence in the millennial generation by realizing Indonesian identity, this study uses a qualitative approach with a critical discourse analysis method, and this study uses a literature review of the latest scientific books and leading international journal papers. This study produces three important dimensions in building digital intelligence, namely in the form of knowledge, understanding and awareness. This is based on the findings of the importance of planting about what things are obtained, informed and communicated, when all three of these data sources have been known and the truth, both of them as a whole both positively and negatively so that the generation of millennial realize thoroughly. The results of this study are expected to form a millennial generation that has digital intelligence marked by the strengthening of national identity in the disruptive era.

Virtual batik 3D gallery is designed as one of the efforts utilizations of digital-based on media for Industrial Revolution 4.0 where the flow of globalization is becoming sophisticated which emphasizes the digital economical pattern, artificial intelligence, big data, robotic. This research emphasizes on hand motion tracking based scientific knowledge on Gesture Understanding using Leap gesture for the 3-Dimensional Virtual Batik Gallery. Gesture-understanding based on Hand Motion Tracking which advocates Leap Gesture for a 3D Virtual Batik Gallery functions as an interactive virtual media replacing part of the functions Keyboard and Mouse process. This is aimed at varying the media packaging, especially for information providers in terms of how they can relay the information quickly to others, designing application, or documenting data. The method used in this research is Design and Development (D&D) and required three steps involving the process of modelling the initial design (3D modelling) using Normal Map technique, the process of making gesture scenario in the form of FSM in every room, and gesture design using hand motion tracking in Leap Motion controller. The result of the study was in the forms of responses to hand motion tracking in a 3D batik gallery, which was grouped into 3 hand-gesture-understanding concepts: Tap Gesture with motion response description for GPU (16 mm/s 60 FPS), (10 mm / s 100 FPS), (5 ms/200 FPS), CPU (33 ms 30FPS), and (16 ms / 60 FPS); for describing and detecting Flyhand Gesture on GPU (16 mm/s) (60 FPS10 mm / s) (100 FPS5 m/s 200 FPS) on CPU (33 ms/30FPS) (16 ms / 60 FPS); for Trusther in (GPU = 16 mm/s) (60 FPS33mm / s) (100 FPS 16 ms / 60 FPS) CPU (33 ms 30 FPS 10 ms) (60 FPS 33 ms 5 ms 200 FPS); and for Hold Hand Gesture on CPU (33 ms 30 FPS) (66 ms 60 FPS) and the response on GPU (33 ms 30 FPS) (66 ms 60 FPS).

The need for power grids and computer networks is a critical thing to note. Placement of cables in the building will affect the quality of services provided, especially on computer networks. The computer network transmits digital data that is very susceptible to interference of electromagnetic waves. The electrical cable is one of the media that can produce electromagnetic waves. In this study measurement of electromagnetic waves on electrical wiring, for the quality of computer network services. The type of power cable tested is the power cable used in the NYYHY and NYM cables, while for the computer network cables tested are UTP and STP computer network cables with categories 5e (Cat 5e). The Quality of Service parameters tested in the study this is Throughput, Jitter, Delay, and Packet Loss. Tool used to measure electromagnetic wave radiation is the Electromagnetic Radiation Detector DT-1130. The results of this study indicate that the electromagnetic interference generated by the power cable affects the quality of service computer network. Decreasing network performance on UTP is greater than STP.

As our fossil fuel is rapidly depleting, Indonesia need to explore new source of energy to support our economic development. One of this possibility come from the sea where the potential is estimated to reach 49 GW and only very small portion has been utilized. This paper describes activities related to marine energy development particularly in some selected Asian countries and the Pacific. Marine energy development described here is limited to power generation using sub-surface current and OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversation). It was the Tokyo Electric Company who started to build 100 kW OTEC on the island of Nauru in 1970, and it was the first system operating on grid. Marine energy studies, particularly on OTEC was first conducted by the IOES (Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga university). For the case of sub surface sea current research in Indonesia was first conducted by T-Files in which they constructed a 5 kW power generation and tested in Nusa Penda, Bali. Later in 2010 a 10 kW sub-surface sea current was also constructed and tested in Larantuka, Flores island. Although marine energy has been considered high cost several simulation studies in Indonesia have indicated that the cost of electricity production using OTEC could be reduced to below US$07/kWh.

Design for a power plant from the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is a power generation technology from one of the applications of renewable energy in the field of electricity. In this study, we applied a design of an organic Rankine cycle system in the form of a heat exchanger device installed in an ORC system that functions to change the form of the working fluid that is R-134a into steam or liquid. Heat exchangers are designed to be shaped like a drum or vessel with dimensions of 60 centimeters in height and 50 centimeters in diameter. This heat exchanger is made of two pieces to support the main components of the ORC system, namely the evaporator and condenser components. This heat exchanger design can produce temperatures below 10 0C in the condenser to change the shape of the working fluid to become liquid and can also produce temperatures above 90 0C in the evaporator with the form of a working fluid in the form of steam or gas. From each heat exchanger is given insulation or wrapped so as not to cause heat propagation either out or air, the temperature of the incoming environment is coated with aluminium foil and foam with a thickness between 1-2 centimeters.

Universitas Darma Persada (Unsada) energy profile has an average of almost 2300 kWh everyday. This energy profile is quite high especially at noon, and the existence of solar power plant potential as an electricity producers shows that it is appropriate if Unsada were pushed to utilize this electricity producers as a diffusion of energy supply. Therefor a research is needed especially in power usage data, daily insulation data, solar power plant production specification data from power plant and regulations on the use of renewable energy, electricity to be supplied and power plant system. From the results of processing the data, will be obtained an output of Electricity System and Unsada Electric Energy profile. The solar power plant system that will be develop for the additional power supply is a hybrid solar power system with power plant electrical supply which power is generated at 50.4 kWp. 420 m2 of land is required for the installation of solar panels (can be installed on additional power roofs) and as many as 336 solar panels with 4 locations in each location of 84 solar panels.

Today, having a healthy body is everyone's dream, from the age of the children, teenagers to adulthood. Personal health must be maintained to run all the activities that are being done. One of the factors that affect the health condition is the nutritional status of a person, which sometimes decreases or increases too high. Body mass index is the most commonly used indicator to know the nutritional status of a person. This system uses two sensors, the load cell sensor as a weight gauge and ultrasonic sensors as a measure of height. Processing data using Arduino Uno and the results of data processing from microcontroller issued to the LCD and stored on the PC database as data Body Mass Index which further processed and displayed the person's nutritional status directly. After the test, the system successfully measured the weight and height that will be processed into the value of Body Mass Index. The test of this system is performed by randomly selected respondents, both children and adults. Value of the measurement system is also compared with the value using standard tools for measuring weight and height, and the results have near 100% accuracy.

Oil palm is among the strategic commodity of Indonesian agroindustry. The oil produced from the fresh fruits bunch through several steps of extraction process. The oil palm industry contributes to the advancement of country's economy, development and human resource. It provides job for more than 50 million Indonesian, directly or through secondary activities. Today, the industry needs to improved its efficiency, to address market competition and global demand. In the upstream region, oil palm plantation still practices outdated method, particularly harvest. Improper harvest decision contributes to national production loss of 15%. This study aimed to identify the optimum time for harvesting the oil palm FFB. When harvested on prime and optimum ripe, the FFB can yield 25-28% of oil extraction rate (OER), much higher than the current 18-20% nation-wide OER. While the FFB is commonly harvest according to its physical properties (fruits' colour and the number of loose fruits), the visual based observation is subjective and prone to influence by the mental state of the labour. Here, device which can identify the FFB true ripeness is needed to perform proper harvest when the FFB truly obtained its optimum ripe. Our previous studies suggest that, upon grading, the FFB quality can be identified by its optical properties. The same approach opens the possibility to be used when evaluating the FFB for harvest. In this study, the FFB colour model was established to identify the optimum harvest window of FFB under observation.

Early age is a period where children have not been able to develop the potential that exists in them. One such potential is language development as the result of cognitive development. Playing is one way to develop language. Because young children like to play at school, teachers should use the method of playing in learning. In playing, teachers can use electronic media because early childhood nowadays is the Alpha generation, the technology generation. The purpose in writing this article was to find out the relationship between electronic media and language development in early childhood. The method in writing this article was to review research journals related to electronic media and early childhood language development and it was supported by references from books related to the topic. The result was that the children learnt through play and interesting things such as using electronic media so that they could unfold their language development.

The development and application of the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) requires and provides high-speed and high-capacity wireless communication services. This paper describes the design of small antennas using microstrip technology as a wireless communication device operating at a frequency of 28 GHz. The technique method used for antenna design is inset feed technique with a shift to the length of the transmission line on the side of the patch gap. Antenna design is used method of moment or simulation using CST software application. To support antenna design in the simulation process using the type of material substrates used was Taconic TLY-5 type. The results of simulations the obtained, such as: bandwidth of return loss ≤ -10 dB is 454 MHz, VSWR (2:1) is 1.03, beam width is 74.4 degrees and gain is 6.72dB. An antenna design obtained through simulation shows a simple and compact antenna shape with the expected parameter value. The design is a basic element of research for antenna sub arrays for increasing radiation power.

Limitations and shortages of fresh water often occur problems especially for coastal communities, port areas and other areas with minimal water supply. The need and limitations of fresh water can cause distribution which is hampered due to lack of monitoring and distribution in the field, so that the distribution and distribution are evenly distributed. The purpose of this study is to overcome the problems that occur by designing and simulating tools that regulate the distribution of fresh water. The system works when the water flow sensor calculates the flow of water that passes through it and after reaching the maximum capacity previously set, the solenoid valve will automatically stop the distribution of water, so that every citizen who has the right to receive fresh water will get according to his daily allowance. In designing the simulation design there are several obstacles to the unavailability of several sensors needed, such as water flow sensors and solenoids for which we make alternative solutions by making logic C ++ algorithm in Arduino Uno R3.

This study aims to develop a knowledge building environment (KBE)-based colloidal system learning material to develop students' environmental literacy. To realize this, the problem questions raised in this study are: "1) What are the product characteristics of colloidal system teaching materials based on knowledge building environment to develop student environmental literacy which is developed with the 4STMD method? 2) What is the understanding aspect of colloidal system teaching materials based on knowledge building environment to develop student environmental literacy which is developed with the 4STMD method? and 3) How is the feasibility of colloidal system teaching materials based on knowledge building environment to develop student environmental literacy which is developed with the 4STMD method? The research method used is Development Research (DR) with a book development model using 4STMD. The results of the study show: 1) Characteristics of teaching materials developed are very in accordance with the following criteria: curriculum, scientific correctness, containing KBE values and environmental literacy, equipped with concept maps, structured and systematic; 2) Understanding of teaching materials by students is high (88.21%); and 3) The feasibility of teaching materials amounting to 96.81% (very feasible) fulfilling the criteria for the assessment of lesson text books based on BSNP standards means that they are worthy of use.

Tuberculosis a major cause of mortality throughout the world, therefore, early diagnosis for the prevention is needed. One of the disease control strategies is the use of molecular genetics and its role in the severity of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Identify the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) gene polymorphism in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Surabaya Pulmonary Hospital. The research recruited 97 respondents having active pulmonary tuberculosis patients. There were 52 (53.6%) mild-moderate and 45 (46.4%) TB patients. DNA isolation was performed. DNA was detected using melting curve real-time PCR Light Cycler. Differences in the nucleotide bases were confirmed with the sequencing using the ABI genetic analyzer. The allele pattern, resulting from the inspection of SNPs TNF 238 and 308 genes, was more specific with the genotype frequencies of pulmonary tuberculosis TNF-238 94(96, 91%)GG and TNF-308 90(92, 78%) homozygous GG. The overview variations of the genotyping test melting curve of TNF-857, TNF-1031, TNF-863 showed more diverse variants. The TNF-α gene variants do not directly give different clinical manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. There are TNF-α gene polymorphisms in TNF-238, -857, -863, -308 and -1031 in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Surabaya Lung Hospital. TNF-α gene polymorphisms were obtained on the SNPs TNF-238, TNF-857, TNF-863, TNF-308, TNF-1031sites of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Surabaya Lung Hospital. Significant correlation test existed among the five types of TNF-α gene polymorphisms, i.e. p = 0.0001, r = 27%.

This study attempts to map drought and analyze rice productivity of Rain Fed Rice Fields in Kabupaten Indramayu West Java. The methodology which used in this research is descriptive. Arc GIS 10.2 is used for mapping the SPI, and it will be used to analyze rice productivity of Rain-Fed Rice Fields in Kecamatan Indramayu West Java. The result showed that District Indramayu experienced, the drought began in May to October. The area that is prone to drought in the same period of the last ten years is Anjatan regions with 33 times scene drought. August experienced scene drought most. District of Indramayu has planting patterns in the two times rice planting season and various kind of crops. The growing season of rice starts on November-December-January and the second growing season starts on May-June-July. The Pattern of productivity from the first planting period to the second planting second on average for ten years showed a decline. The pattern is followed with dryness index. The increased productivity only happen in growing season in 2007, 2008, 2011, and 2013 in 10 years.

The risk of high sugar level exposure can affect almost all parts of the body, organ systems, tissues, to the cellular level. The exposure to high sugar level caused disturbances in the joints in the form of changes in the microcellular environment. It will cause negative impact to microcellular component of articular cartilage, which increased the risk of joint degradation. Present study was to investigate excess carbohydrate diets on perlecan protein expression and Transforming Growth Factor alpha (TGF-ᾳ) in articular cartilage which still unclear, which perlecan function to chondrocytes articular cartilage was to support regeneration of articular cartilage by increasing the secretion of anabolic factors by chondrocytes, so the progressivity of articular cartilage damage decreased and the risk of osteoarthritis disease can be lowered too. Function of TGF-ᾳ expression was opposite to perlecan protein expression. Methods: six groups of eighteen adult's male rats were divided into: control (K0), lower diet 1 (A), lower diet 2 (B), middle diet (C), over diet 1 (D), over diet 2 (E). Control group were not performed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection (ACLT), but others group were performed ACLT to develop osteoarthritis condition for two months' maintenance. Perlecan protein expression, and expression of TGF-ᾳ were analyzed using Western Blotting method. Perlecan protein expression was fluctuate stable at group (a) < (b) compare to control group (K0), but decreasing at group (e) < (d) < (c) compare to control group, which opposite to increasing carbohydrate intake dose. TGF-ᾳ as catabolic factor was fluctuate increasing at group D > group C > E compare to control group, but slightly stable at group A and B. Interaction of perlecan and TGF-ᾳ as one of others factor which determine cartilage health under hyperglycemia condition. Results and discussion: This aim as early research as a based to next research for accomplish of pathogenesis of osteoarthritis caused by hyperglycemia. Present study concludes that hyperglycemia was influence to cartilage health due to changing of perlecan protein expression and TGF-ᾳ expression.

Leprosy is a contagious disease of chronic infection of the skin caused by Mycobacterium leprae which causes complex problems. Based on West Sumatera Provincial Health Office data, Padang Pariaman Regency is the biggest contributor of leprosy in West Sumatera, i.e. 4.2% in 2015 and 8, 3% in 2016. This study aims to determine the risk factors for leprosy in Padang Pariaman District. Method: case-control study is conducted in 32 leprosy patients and 32 controls are selected based on matching the age and gender adjusted to the cases. Using non probability sampling method with total sampling technique. Data are analysed using Univariate, Bivariate (Mac Nemar), Multivariate (Logistic). Results: The result of bivariate showed that there is a significant relationship between history contact OR=5,6 (95%CI 1,6-19,3), knowledge level OR=9, 0(95%CI 2.0-38,7), personal hygiene OR = 7.0(95%CI 1.5-30.8) and occupancy density OR = 13.0(95%CI 1.7-99.3) with the incidence of leprosy. The result of multivariate analysis shows that the knowledge level is the most dominant factor contributing to the incidence of leprosy. Conclusion: The dominant risk factors that contribute to the incidence of leprosy in Padang Pariaman District is the level of knowledge. It is suggested that health workers should increase the extension of personal hygiene and education about leprosy to the community, how to spread and prevention to the community gradually and sustainably in Health Centre of Padang City.

Mangrove forests are the habitat of various organisms, including Ferns plants. Ferns plants as plant communities in biodiversity have important ecological functions in the mangrove forest ecosystem. The objectives of the study were (1) to know the index of the diversity of Ferns plants (pteridophyta), (2) to determine the type of Ferns plant found in the mangrove forest of Wonorejo Surabaya, (3) to know the environmental parakeet of mangrove forest of Wonorejo Surabaya as the place of life of Ferns plant (pteridophyta). The research was conducted from March 2018 - June 2018 in Wonorejo mangrove Surabaya. This type of research is descriptive skin to obtain information about the diversity of Ferns plant species in terms of sporangium type, habitat and environmental factors that may affect. Samples were obtained from 5x5m plot of land at 5 research stations. The method used in this study is the method cruse with direct observation and explore each point of the location that can represent the types of ecosystems or vegetation in the area under study. The result shows that the diversity of Ferns plant species in the mangrove forest of Wonorejo Surabaya is said to be low in terms of diversity index because there are only 3 types of Ferns plants that consist of pteridaceae family, with Acrostichum aerum species, Acrostichum speciosum and Pytirogramma calomelanos. This is due to environmental factors that are less suitable as a place of life of Ferns plants such as habitat, temperature, humidity, light intensity and wind speed. The benefit of this research is to go to the ecosystem that is suitable with Ferns plant by adding the habitat for Ferns plant to live.

Traditional medication method in Bali use the Ayurveda principle known as Usadha. Usadha used herb or fruit as main component of medicine. One of them is Malaka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) and commonly in Bali known as kalimaka, kalimoko, kamlika. Malaka can be processed through boiling using water and consumed as traditional drink (loloh). Malaka fruit has been known to contain vitamin C as antioxidant. Therefore, this research aims to determinant the antioxidant activity of malaka fruit loloh using DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrillhidrazil). The result showed that malaka fruit loloh obtained was antioxidant activity with antioxidant capacity 164 mg/100 mL and IC50 691,1 µg/Ml. Further contains vitamin C obtained was 0,184 mg/100mL, Flavonoid was 3,15 mg/100mL, phenol was 375 mg/100mL and tannin was 546 mg/mL. Based on these result malaka fruit loloh can be use as on alternative for traditional medication.

Tuberculosa represent of orthopaedic challenge, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the most common problem in the developing countries. Indonesia the most TB contributing country. Tuberculosa a Multi-Systemic Disease with Intra Pulmoner or Extra Pulmoner Tuberculosa manifest, One of the Extra Pulmoner Tuberculosa form is musculoskeletal TB, involvement as for spondylitis TB. This study aimed to evaluated Spondylitis TB profile and for database for next study at RSO Prof. DR. R Soeharso dan RSU. Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. The retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with Spondylitis tuberculosa with operative treatment in Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopaedic Hospital Surakarta from January 2017 to Desember 2017. This research was conducted by gathering patients' data and evaluating them based on neurological post-operative with ASIA Score. Seventy-five patient with Spondylitis tuberculosa, 54 patients was treated in RSO Prof. dr. R. Soeharso, and 21 patients was treated in RSU dr. Moewardi. There are 35 male (%), and 40 female (%), with average 35 years old. With involved region of Spondylitis tuberculosa are 5 patient Cervical spine, 22 patient Thoracal spine, 21 patient Lumbar spine, 27 patient Thoracolumbar spine. Most operative treatment are Debridement, laminectomy, posterior stabilization for 47 patient. With good neurological outcome after 3 month are 66 case (89%). Spondylitis tuberculosa majority on adult (productive age) with most predilection on thoracolumbar region. With good outcome on Debridement, laminectomy and stabilization treatment.

This study aims to determine the effect of predominant wind angle on the concentration of CO received by receptors (receptor position) due to the cement industry. This research was conducted in the surrounding area of the cement industry in Padang City. The sampling of CO concentration was undertaken at 3 sampling points, that is Unand Blok D Residence, Padang Besi Residence, and Batu Gadang Residence, that is representing of the receptor positions (α), i.e. 0°, 45° and 90°. In addition, sampling was also conducted at background point in Bukit Sungkai, Batu Busuk, Padang City. Sampling CO concentration at 4 sampling points using an impinger. The sampling of each location was done every hour for 24 hours of measurement (24 data per sampling point), with a total of 96 data. The results showed CO concentrations range between 124,502 and 287,292 μg/Nm³. The highest concentration was found at α 0° (Unand Blok D Residence) while the lowest concentration was located at α 90° (Batu Gadang Residence). Meanwhile, CO concentrations in the background point (Bukit Sungkai, Batu Busuk) is relatively lower than the three-sampling point above, ranging from 44.22 μg/Nm³ up to 74.13 μg/Nm³. The decrease in CO concentration on wind coming angle occurred from 0° to 45° by 13.79% and α 0° to 90° by 25.38%. This decrease happened by shifting α from 0° to 90°. This indicated that there is an effect of predominant wind angle direction towards CO concentration received by the receptor.

Absorption of heavy metals by the main shrimp Cuprum (Cu) and Plumbum (Pb) will be accumulated in the body and cannot be biodegradable and accumulated in living tissue. Cuprum and plumbum in small amounts are needed in the body's metabolic process but exposure in excess amounts is toxic, so that at a certain level it can increase the risk of death. Heavy metal pollution often comes from human activities, namely industrial waste disposal, domestic waste or pesticide use in agricultural cultivation, plantations, as well as fisheries businesses, especially shrimp farming. This study aims to identify the magnitude of the average levels of cuprum (Cu) and plumbum (Pb) heavy metals in various types of shrimp available in traditional markets, by comparing the average levels of cuprum (Cu) and plumbum (Pb) of various types of shrimp, observation as well done by comparing the physical size of shrimp based on the type of shrimp. and determination of cuprum (Cu) and plumbum (Pb) levels was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of research on shrimp sold in the traditional market of Surabaya, showed that the smaller the physical shrimp, the higher levels of cuprum (Cu) and plumbum (PB) will be higher. The highest Cuprum (Cu) and Plumbum (Pb) levels were found in Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) shrimp, Cuprum (Cu) levels of 8,811 mgCu / kg, and Plumbum (Pb) of 1,990 mgPb / kg, on Windu shrimp (Panaeus monodon) Cuprum (Cu) levels of 7,886 mgCu / kg, and Plumbum (Pb) of 0.735 mgPb / kg, whereas for giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Mann) showed levels of Cuprum (Cu) of 5,814 mgCu / kg and Plumbum (Pb) of 0.728 mgPb / kg; this average level is higher than the WHO standard of 0.691 mgCu / kg for Cu, and 0.715 mgPb / kg for Pb.

Mosquitoes are main vector on the transmission of a number of pathogens include arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), parasitic worms, and protozoa. The diseases include malaria, West Nile virus, chikungunya virus, dengue fever, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, and many more. This study aims to analyze the breeding places that affect the presence of mosquitoes' larvae and pupa. The survey with stratified random sampling method applied to 2035 houses and inspected 5984 containers. The survey conducted from March to July 2015. The analysis used was correlation analysis and generalized estimating equation (GEE). Volume influences the presence of larvae in containers whereas the presence of pupa as a proxy of adult mosquitoes is related to the volume of containers, plant-covered containers in total and in part, and containers that are entirely and partially closed. In conclusions, breeding places containing larvae and pupa are large volume containers that are not closed or partially closed with water sources from rainwater and well water.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of paternal exposure to tertiary cigarette smoke on fetal morphometry and cognition of the offspring. This research is an experimental study with a complete randomized design. Twenty adult male mice used and randomly divided into control group and treated group which exposed to tertiary cigarette smoke for 14 days. After the smoking period, each male mated with two adult female mice. One group of female mice sacrificed and dissected to isolate the fetus on the 18^th day of gestational. Fetal morphometry observed immediately. Another group of female mice allowed to give birth naturally. Then on the 30^th day, novel object recognition (NOR) test performed to assess the cognitive function of the offspring. The results showed that the weight and length of the fetus from the treated group significantly smaller than that of the control group. Furthermore, offspring of the control group showed better performance significantly during NOR test. These results indicated that paternal exposure to cigarette residues affect the fetal development so that the fetus has smaller size and worse offspring cognition.

Garbage, on the one hand, is an environmental problem, but on the other hand, it can give the potential economically. One indication of it there are IS activities that collect certain types of waste as recycled materials and then sold to the recycling industry. This research aims to determine the role of IS of solid waste management (SWM) in Bandung municipality. The study used mixed method research, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative. The results of this study concluded that the estimated number of scavengers as IS in Bandung municipality is about 3990 people, and contributed to the reduction of waste about 6, 8% of the total solid waste generation. As economically, the average income of IS is IDR 1 million/person/month. Considering the role of IS both in SWM contexts and in economic contexts, the government must be to make a policy to integrate the IS with SWM. Base on the AHP methods, this study recommended that to integrated IS of SWM can be developed by facilitating them at TPS/TPS 3R.The implication of the strategy that the existence of IS will be more organized and reduce waste generation to the maximum.

Forest is an ecosystem unit in the form of a stretch of land containing biological natural resources dominated by trees in its natural environment. Ecologically, the function of forests is to absorb rainwater to prevent erosion. Land conversion of forest to other uses causes disturbed ecological functions of the forest. The agroforestry system is a land optimization system by combining the components of perennial woody crops, agricultural crops and also livestock. Agroforestry systems have become one of the alternative systems to overcome problems that arise due to the high of land conversion. Bandung District recommends 3 types of agricultural crops in the development of agroforestry in the South Bandung Region, namely coffee and tea, which are perennial crops, and vegetable crops which are annual crops. The purpose of this study is to compare the erosion level of the three types of plants used for agroforestry. The method used in this study are land suitability analysis and erosion estimation analysis. The final results of this study conclude that the erosion level of perennial crops is lower than annual crops.

The existence of infrastructure is very important to support economic development. The current infrastructure development has not considered much of the meaning of the development object. Research uses Levi Strauss structuralism approach. The revelation of meaning begins with tracing the surface structure which is composed of form and function aspects. The method of revelation of meaning begins with examining the syntagmatic relationships between dam and custom elements. The search for paradigmatic relations between the two surface structures is to be done in order to reveal the deep structure of the Rotiklot Dam. Meaning is obtained through the interpretation of deep structure. The paper concludes that the expression of the deep structure derived from the Rotiklot Dam is the balance and harmonization of the materialization of relations between the fields forming Rotiklot Dam. Finally, to reveal the deep structure of infrastructure with the case of the numinous unity in order to maintain reciprocity between humans and humans, humans and creators, and humans and nature.

Mangrove ecosystems in the Muaragembong Coastal Area have been used for aquaculture and ecotourism activities that provide benefits for increasing community income. In an era of technological disruption, the opportunity for ecotourism development is getting bigger. But on the other hand, there is a condition of the status of mangrove ecosystems that have been bad, which has an effect on the decline in environmental quality. This condition is because it has not been supported by management policies in Bekasi. Knowing the importance of the mangrove ecosystem, it is necessary to study of sustainable mangrove ecosystem management policy. The purpose of this study is to formulate a sustainable mangrove management policy. By using the method of descriptive analysis, super impose analysis and SWOT analysis, the results show that the management of mangrove ecosystems can be done by: (1) establishing the mangrove ecosystem area as an area designed in the spatial plan, (2) intensifying the program. mangrove ecosystem to improve the function of mangrove ecosystems; (3) increasing the role and community in managing mangrove ecosystems; (4) developing facilities and infrastructure that support the development of sustainable ecotourism activities. Through this, results can be expected for the Bekasi District Government in the context of managing the mangrove ecosystem in the Muaragembong Coastal Region successfully.

North Halmahera is part of Halmahera Island in East Indonesia which has natural resources that can be used for capital development of the island, such is gold deposit. An environmental destruction has occurred in surrounding areas of artisanal gold mines, one of them is mercury contamination. This is a descriptive analysis study in order to find out has mercury contamination occurred in the study area. The study was conducted by measuring mercury concentration directly in the atmosphere and soil by using mercury vapor analyzer, and collected river and marine water which analyzed in laboratory. The average measured mercury vapor in the atmosphere was 2.071, 8 mg/L, and in soil was 12, 568.4 mg/L, while the EPA threshold limit of mercury vapor concentration is 300 mg/L. All mercury concentration in river water were lower than 0.009 mg/L below the threshold limit of Water Quality Class II PPRI No.82/2001 which is 0.002 mg/L. The measurements were also below the threshold limit for water marine of KepMen LH No 51/2004 of 0.001 mg/L. It is find out that mercury vapor has contaminated the atmosphere of the study area of Malifut and Kao Teluk sub districts.

This study aims to analyze the ecological Islamic boarding school (Eco-Pesantren) and its role in environmental conservation. The study was conducted in an ecological boarding school in Garut, Indonesia. Data collection techniques are conducted through interviews, focus group discussions, and observations to obtain information on knowledge-based Eco-Pesantren and its role in efforts to preserve environmental and actualize the sustainability of organization. Research result shows that the sustainability of Eco-Pesantren is actualized by the role of pesantren leaders who put into practice the importance of caring for environmental conservation and then followed by the santri (students of pesantren) as full support to preserve the environmental. A significant contribution of Eco-Pesantren in preserving the environmental is demonstrated through the cultivation of various types of plants and the use of knowledge-based sustainable agriculture models.

Water resources has economic, political, social and cultural values becomes a commodity desired by many people. On a cross-border administrative scale, the struggle for water can be a problem and is a source of conflict between communities, regions and even countries. A view of water resources as a public commodity that is not subject to prices is time to change especially for water use in a business. Water companies need to take into account the water value in relation to the cost of supply, in order to create sustainable water resources. The principle of paying users is applied to obtain compensation for the benefits received. Costs charged to water users need to be calculated through a reasonable payment mechanism in order to cover the costs of managing water resources that have been spent. The value of water benefits is the basis of the application of economic instruments to help the calculating process of water prices. This paper discusses the case of cross-regional water resource management in Indonesia Kuningan Regency – Cirebon City by emphasizing the value of water benefits as a basis for calculating water prices. Thus this paper will examine how the contribution of water resources if used for domestic water business (drinking water) based on the value of economic benefits and how the implications for the continuity of water resources management. Based on the results of the analysis it has been shown that if the raw water source is used for domestic water business, PDAM in Cirebon City is able to return 75% of the total cost of managing water resources that have been spent. Considering regulations where users of water sources outside the administrative boundaries are required to pay water prices, with this capability, water resources management across the Kuningan Regency -Cirebon City area has the opportunity to continue. On a global scale, the application of economic benefit values as a basis for calculating water prices can be used as a lesson for resolving cases of water resources conflict with characteristics similar to regions in Indonesia. By ensuring sustainable water resource management, at least the completion of cross-regional water resources in Indonesia can reduce the burden to resolve the problem of the water crisis in Southeast Asia.

The prevalence of obesity in asthmatic patient has increased, and associated with worse asthma severity and quality of life. This study investigates the effect of gender and overnutrition on asthma severity. Observational study on 41 overnutrition (overweight and obese), and 41 normweight asthmatic adolescents in two primary high schools. Diagnosis and asthma severity based on GINA, ISAAC and Indonesian Paediatrician Association (IDAI). The BMI was converted to z score from WHO, and lung function was measured by spirometer. The statistical analysis was performed with the software SPSS v.20. The mean BMI in female was higher than male. The mean FEV1; FVC; FEV1/FVC in female was lower than male. The mean FEV1; FVC; FEV1/FVC in overnutrition was lower than normweight. Based on asthma severity: 39% intermittent, 39% mild persistent, 17% moderate persistent, and 5% severe persistent. As many as 77% of 47 females had persistent, of 41 overnutrition asthmatic adolescents 85% had persistent asthma. There are an impact of gender and overnutrition on asthma severity (OR:4.4; 95%CI:1.7-11.3; p=0.002 and OR:9.1; 95%CI:3.1-26.5; p<0.001). Among asthmatic adolescents the risk for persistent asthma was greater in females with overnutrition compare to males.

The concept of monozukuri as the implementation of 5S will have an impact on changes in the environment and work procedures towards a better direction. This development can also affect the mindset of ignorance of the environment itself. In general, the dream of every society expects a clean, neat, safe, comfortable environment to be maintained around. In achieving a clean and healthy environment, one of the patterns of approach that will be taken is to apply the 5S lifestyle that will improve the performance of the Vocational High School teachers in Jakarta. How does the monozukuri concept with the implementation of 5 S affect the performance of teachers in Vocational High Schools which aims to create a work environment that is free of obstacles and produces work effectiveness. The work method is carried out starting with creating a questionnaire Likert scale based on 5S implementation variables. Provisions on the judge's approach to the number of respondents and then the pre-questionnaire test and the results will be tested for validity for the validity of each questionnaire as a parameter of actual data collection. The results of actual data collection will be tested for validity and then analyze the effect of dominant 5S / R by multiple regression methods.

The maritime sector does not only cover transportation services but also covers a variety of other fields, the manufacturing sector that supports the procurement and construction, and repair of ships and their components, the maritime defence industry, the marine management industry, and much more. There is a big problem in responding to this problem that needs to be resolved by the government in reducing the number of unemployed people in Indonesia, so that human resources can be absorbed in the industrial world, especially the maritime industry. With the literature study method and gained data from the government institution this paper wants to described the preparing human resources in maritime field. In fact, in the past four years with the sea highway program, Joko Widodo government has built approximately 100 units of ships from various types through the Ministry of Transportation, it has not had a positive impact on the absorption of competent human resources.

This research aims to identify the percentage of the mass fraction of the entire waste component and composition of municipal solid waste in final disposal area which is reflects the pattern of consumption of Serang City residents in its contribution to produce waste. The study was conducted in the area of TPA Cilowong, Serang City. The research used experimental method. The techniques of data analysis are measurement of water content, observation, and deep interview. This study found that the composition of solid waste was identified according to their characteristics, which are organic waste, plastic, paper, Styrofoam, textiles, wood, glass, and pieces. The results show that the composition of urban waste is related to people's lifestyles and economic growth of Serang City. Organic waste such as leaves, leftover vegetables, leftover fruits, and food scraps are most found in Cilowong final disposal area. While the amount of inorganic waste most collected is plastic waste. This condition illustrates that the current tendency of the people of Serang city to use various plastics such as plastic bags or plastic food packages to meet their daily needs up to 37%.

The research objective was the development of the potential of sorghum as an alternative food source to support the Diversification and Food Security Program, by developing various wet cake products, the substitution results of sorghum flour with various other flour, namely: rice flour, sticky rice flour and wheat flour. Specific target: get sorghum-based cakes and various formulations and products that can be accepted by consumers, including quality in terms of physical aspects and organoleptic aspects. The results of these studies are useful for the formulation of the next phase of technical studies, namely obtaining appropriate technology that can be applied to the community. The selected treatment was sorghum "nogosari" cake with S1B1 treatment (combination of sorghum flour 30% and rice flour 70%), sorghum "mendut" cake with S1K1 treatment (combination of sorghum flour 30% and sticky rice flour 70%), while sorghum "bolu" cake with S1T2 treatment (combination of sorghum flour 40% and wheat flour 60%).

Biopharmaca is a biological preparation that comes from nature that has properties as a medicine. Biopharmaca products are categorized into three types, namely herbal medicine, standardized herbal medicine (OHT), and phytopharmaca. The research objective is to find out the benefits of biopharmaca products in leading a healthy Indonesia. Qualitative descriptive research with the method of collecting data is observation and recording documents. The results show that the benefits of biopharmaca products can improve health in the community, are more effective, more affordable, and have relatively smaller side effects. The use of biopharmaca products has global competitiveness that is utilized by residents of several countries such as: China (People's Republic of China) reaching 90%, Chile reaching 71%, Colombia reaching 40%, France reaching 49%, Canada reaching 78%, Britain reaching 60%, The United States reached 42%, and Germany reached 73%. In moving towards a healthy Indonesia, biopharmaca products can be utilized. Based on the results of the research that biopharmaca products can be used in formal health services to improve the quality and degree of health in the community towards a healthy Indonesia.

The development of information technology in the field of industry is very important and it takes on the world of work. Information systems are used as a tool for taking a decision in a forefront. In this case the problems often encountered in the laboratory is still using conventional spring system by means of recording and storing the archives using the Microsoft Excel application, it takes a lot of time at the time of input and determination student teaching schedule so that the required report has delay constraint information giving rise to the proceedings and time inefficient. Approach in the development of an information system using the method Framework for the Application of Systems Thinking (FAST), Model Driven Development with strategy. The FAST method using a tool used for analyzing and designing the system. The tools which are Use Case Diagrams for communication between entities, Entity Relationship Diagram for the relationships between entities, and Data Flow diagrams for data flow between entities and processes. Stages FAST method used in the study that is up to the stage of building and testing. On the functional needs of the system that was designed as a system that can apply practical lab course schedule and choose easily and can do data reports results of students who follow the teaching. After that is done the analysis of decision is to determine and select the best candidate solutions, namely the candidates by using the MySQL database. In doing this the system design using the MySQL database with the XAMPP tool in designing a database information system registration and scheduling and Sublime Text display in designing information systems. With this system he designed, is expected to assist the laboratory in managing student data to making the student reports quickly and precisely.

The objective of this article is to design a solution to coffee supply chain improvement by warehouse distribution center determination of exported coffee in West Java. Determining the distribution warehouse center requires three stages: determining clusters, determining warehouse's location of each cluster, and determining warehouse' center; sequentially, each of them has 6, 14, and 5 steps. Several methods used in conducting those stages are Clustering Method (or well-known as Agglomerative Clustering for determining clusters), Model Optimization (P-Median Method) for determining warehouse location in each cluster, and Location Theory for determining the export warehouse center. The first stage results in classifying West Java into 4 clusters. Cluster I consists of 3 Districts and 1 City. Cluster II consists of 4 Districts. Cluster III consists of 4 Districts. Cluster IV consists of 3 Districts and 3 Cities. Furthermore, in determining warehouse's location of each cluster, central of warehouse distribution at cluster I is located in Bogor District, Cluster II is located in West Bandung District, Cluster III is located in Kuningan District, and Cluster IV is located in Tasikmalaya District. At the final stage of determining warehouse center, Cirebon is selected to be the center of coffee export warehouse in West Java. This study could abridge inefficient coffee supply chain in order to increase the selling price of coffee among farmers, which could increase their profit and prosperity.

The Entikong National Strategic Area Center is one of the areas that is directed to be the center of strategic activities, but infrastructure and production factors have not made it possible to produce competitive and profitable products and commodities in the market. Transport costs are very expensive because distance and road conditions that limit market reach for the economy. In this situation, there is no other choice unless the community is directed and assisted to be able to produce products (semi-finished or finished) that the high value exceeds the cost of production and transportation costs. This research aimed to draw up the design of the Border Industrial Zone with two regional leading commodities, consists of pepper and rice. This area was built to accommodate industrial activities that utilize the potential of resources in the border region in an effort to increase the added value, quality and quantity of natural resources. This study used a qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach with an analytical method consisting of business feasibility analysis, supply chain analysis, and scalogram analysis. The studywas located in the Central Entikong National Strategic Area and the surrounding area, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The results showed that the development of the pepper and milling processing industry was feasible if the raw materials used were not only sourced from the Entikong sub-district but had to involve other sub-districts located in Sanggau District. This Special Border Industry Zone is centered on Entikong Village, Entikong Subdistrict as a location adjacent to neighboring countries and adjacent to the Entikong State Cross Border Post.In the development of industrial estates need a cooperation among sub-industries in the region to achieve economies of scale and sustainable.

This research is motivated by the importance of the development of ASEAN Counselor Education Standards whose member countries have similar cultural and geographic contexts. The purpose of the study is the formulation ASEAN Counselor Education Standards. The research was conducted through survey of lecturers and counselor education students UPI and UPSI. Data were collected through the ASEAN Counselor Education Standards Questionnaire. The findings of the study were (a) in the total analysis and the aspect there was no similarity of views between lecturers and students on the development of ASEAN Counselor Education Standards, but on the indicator analysis there was a similar view between lecturers and students on the development of ASEAN Counselor Education Standards, (b) both lecturers and students are important development of ASEAN Counselor Education Standards, (c) the formulation of the ASEAN Counselor Education Standard includes 1: Learning Environment, Standard 2: Professional Counseling Identity, Standard 3: Professional Practices, and Standards 4: Evaluation in the Program. The research recommendation is addressed to the higher education institution of counselor education organizers in ASEAN and subsequent researchs. The conclusion of the ASEAN counselor education standard can be used as guidance for the development of counselor education in guidance and counseling study program in ASEAN.

The strong competition allows medical schools to be highly selective in their admissions, with the aim of selecting only those students who are most likely to complete their medical education and presumably become good doctors; it also minimizes the number of poor performers or 'strugglers', who were reported in one study to account for academic. The validity of an admission criterion is defined as the degree to which it predicts an applicant's performance during and after his or her undergraduate medical training, and reliability is defined as the reproducibility of the results obtained when a measurement is repeated on the same study sample. Several studies also show that several non-cognitive factors have a significant influence on academic success at university, additional to the influence of prior academic attainment. The purpose of this research is to assess the correlation between the selection tools and medical student's academic performance through their Grade Points Average (GPA) over a four-year period. Pre-admission data were matched from students who entered Bandung Islamic University, Faculty of Medicine at the year 2012 – 2016 with their GPA. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 74 selected students who had completed the specific admission test. The variables examined were high school grades, Multiple Mini Interview (MMI), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test and a total of admission test score. The statistical was used SPSS and Spearman correlation test analysis. The result shows there were significant correlation and a weak relationship between MMI with 1st year GPA, 2nd year GPA, and 3rd year GPA. There was also a significant correlation and a moderate relationship between the total of admission test score with 2nd year GPA and 3rd year GPA. The conclusion is MMI was found to be steady predictor of Grade Point Average (GPA) yet the predictability of academic success is weak and increase for the early years and drops towards the end of the medical under graduated program. Total of admission test score was weak predictor for academic performance especially in the second and third year medical students.

Ambulance ships are one of the ships used to help transport the people who experience pain and are in the islands and are connected to the nearest regional General Hospital. The ship will be used in two concepts, namely the first to transport sick people or due to disasters and when ordinary days are used to transport passengers. This need is a consideration to reach areas that are quite difficult to reach. In this plan, the principal dimension is determined according to the area covered. Ships selected using Fibreglass material. The planning method uses a spiral design with ship planning procedures. The dimensions obtained are based on the results of calculations according to the function and usability of the ship. And the speed of the ship produced as well as the load space for passengers and sick people. This ambulance ship will be used according to the limits of the planning results.

Indonesia as a maritime country and islands, boats are the only option for people to travel outside the region in order to meet daily needs and usually ships operating from morning to evening with the average shipping time 2-3 hours each way in which ships are generally small so that the engine and the passenger seemed to be in the same room and produce damage to the ear drums. The objectives of this study are knowing noise level and choose proper material for absorbing or dampening noise level. This research using under the provisions of the above then performed experiments to create a Diesel engine casing made from plywood to the outside while the inside is used Polyurethane (PU) and Styrofoam successful minimize noise due to the Diesel engine operation.

The reinforcement of reinforced concrete always needs a connector. In order to reduce the overlapping length, the long nuts are used as steel bar connector. The tensile experimental test was obtained to find out the value of yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, elongation and ductility which can be achieved by steel bar long nut connection. The test was using UTM machine instrument which connected to the computer, thus stress-strain curve is obtained. The curve shows the values of elastic, plastic, strain hardening until ultimate tensile strength region, value of yield stress Fy, and ultimate tensile strength Fu. The result of tensile tests how's that the yield stress value of steel bar with long nut connection has the same value with the steel bar without connection. The steel bars with long nut connection can achieve yield stress about 330 MPa, ultimate tensile strength about 340 MPa and strain value about 5%-6%, it is lower than the steel bars without connection. It indicates that long nut can be used as a connector tool in overlapping steel bar connection.

This study aims to analyze the supporting factors, especially natural resources of mining materials for the development of the Pangalengan area, using the Terrain Genetic Unit (SGW) method. Pangalengan is one of the regions that has a wealth of natural resource potential, including mineral and rock resources, energy and geothermal resources and other natural resources that can be a support for regional development. The results of the study of holistic matrices and the direction of the development area for Pangalengan have the highest value of 291.5 and 360 compared to 4 other districts namely Kertasari, Ciwidey, Rancabali and Pasir Jambu. The presence of geothermal resources in Pangalengan is another multiplayer effect factor, which has a positive impact on the development in Pangalengan. The results of a holistic matrix analysis and regional development direction with elaboration of economic data obtained the results of 295 and 390.

There are few things that drive the business of selling used cars in Indonesia continues to increase, namely new car prices are higher. So the prospective buyers the ability to purchase power not too strong, buying a used car is one option. Linear regression is a statistical analysis of several variables relationship model according to the form of the relationship of linear equations explicitly. The purpose of this research is to apply the method of Linear Regression on selling used car Toyota Innova, and Honda CRV in Indonesia, especially in the cities of Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, and Semarang. Used car sales prices are influenced by the age factor car, car mileage, color car, car transmission, and car type. The results showed, an analysis of age factor car sharing and car has a mileage rating of 62.6% level of confidence. By adding some other variable that is the color of the car, the transmission and the cities of car sales has a value of more than 75% accuracy.

This study aimed to determine the category of needs of competency of mathematical literacy for graduates of informatics bachelor's degree and analyzing the suitability of the material taught on the group of mathematics subject at STMIK STIKOM Indonesia with the requirement of graduate mathematical literacy competence. The research design that has been used was mixed methods research with concurrent strategy (concurrent mixed methods). This method is chosen to streamline research time, as well as to produce comprehensive data (qualitative and quantitative data) at almost on the same time. The data obtained were analyzed descriptive-quantitatively. The mathematical aspects of the mathematical literacy competencies were evaluated consist of eight dimensions, namely (1) the ability to think and use logical reason in mathematics, (2) argue mathematics, (3) mathematical communication, (4) mathematical modelling, (5) propose and solve mathematical problems, (6) ) representations, (7) symbols, and (8) tools and technologies. The results shown that the competence of the taught mathematical literacy is "sufficient required" by graduates. In addition, there is an indication of the lack of conformity between the learning outcome which was formulated in the curriculum and the real competencies which were required by graduates.

The mathematical creative thinking ability in this study is the ability to think which involves elements of fluency, flexibility, originality, or elaboration, in the process of solving mathematical problems. This study aims at determining the mathematical creative thinking ability of junior high school students in solving the problem of the plane figure. To do so, first, 28 students in the 7th grade (12-13- years-old) from a junior high school in Indonesia were given four plane figure problems. The problems were developed based on indicators of creative thinking ability. Then, three of the students were selected based on the prior mathematical ability to represent the creative thinking ability of all students. The interviews were conducted to confirm the students' answers. Finally, the results of student answers were analyzed based on indicators of creative thinking ability. The results of the study show that overall students were able to make new problems from the information presented, although the solution they wrote has not been systematically structured. In this case, the most visible students' creative thinking element is flexibility.

UNPAD SAS (Statistical Analysis Series) is a software for analysing Statistical data. UNPAD SAS can be used to analyse descriptive statistics, nonparametric analysis, correlation analysis, and sample size determination. This research is an experimental study to determine the effect of sampling technique training using UNPAD SAS on sampling technique ability. The research design used one group pretest-posttest design. The independent variable in this study was the provision of sampling technique training using UNPAD SAS. The dependent variable was the ability of the sampling technique. The participants in this study were 32 students at the Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran. The ability of sampling techniques was measured using a questionnaire consisting of 28 items. The results of the data analysis showed a significant increase in the ability of the sampling technique after training compared to before taking the training (t = -13.145, p = 0.000).

This study aims to analyze the ability of students' mathematical representation in terms of Self-regulated Learning. This study focuses on the ability of visual representation, symbolic representation, and verbal representation. This study used a qualitative approach with test data collection techniques, questionnaires, and interviews. The data analysis technique used is the analysis technique according to Miles and Huberman through the phase of data reduction, data representation, and conclusion drawing. Students with SRL who are high in representation have lower grades than medium and low SRL The ability of verbal and symbolic representation of high SRL students has superior value from medium and low SRL. Indicators of mathematical representation can be achieved maximally by high SRL students. Students who have SRL are currently, the ability of visual representation is superior to high SRL students, symbol representation has a lower value than low SRL. So it can be concluded that SRL students are having difficulties in writing mathematical symbols. Low SRL students have advantages in visual representation. Indicators that can be achieved by SRL students are low only at the drawing stage. Low SRL students still have difficulty in expressing their abstract ideas in the form of mathematical representations.

This research aims to understand the ability of deaf students to solve mathematical problem solving based on prior mathematical abilities. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection techniques consists of tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The research subjects were deaf students in one of special schools in Bandung, Indonesia. The result of this study is problem solving abilities of 5 deaf students based on Prior Mathematics Ability. The result indicates one student has problem solving skills in a good category, three students are sufficient and the other one is in the low category. However, it does not mean that students who have Prior Mathematics Ability in a good category indicate that they also have good problem solving skills.

This study aims to examine the effect of STEM project in scientific inquiry learning towards enhancing concept mastery of students. The research method used was a quasi-experiment with the one group pretest-posttest design. Quantitative data was obtained through instrument of concept mastery test using a two-tier multiple choice instrument and then analyzed using dependent t-test. Based on the result of dependent t-test was found that there was significance difference between the pretest and posttest scores of students with sig = 0.000 (p<0.05). The enhancing between pretest and posttest score was obtained from N-gain analysis, the value of gain index is 0.64 showed that the enhancing of students' concept mastery is in medium category. Based on the results obtained from this study, it showed that STEM project in scientific inquiry learning had positive impact on concept mastery of students, therefore it can be used as an alternative learning model in science learning that integrates technology.

Mathematical reflective thinking is a mathematical thinking activity involving the persistent consideration process of the use of knowledge and decision making in solving a problem. This study aims to describe mathematical reflective thinking strategy of students based on impulsive and reflective cognitive styles in solving the mathematical problems. To do so, first, we developed three tasks about the linear programming problems. Next, 35 students of senior high school in the 11th grade (16-17 years-old), were given tasks and continued with the giving one set of Familiar Figures Figure Test (MFFT). Then four students were selected as representatives of the other students. In-depth interviews were conducted with students to confirm the findings of the task's answers. Finally, the data were analyzed to explain the mathematical reflective thinking strategy of students based on cognitive styles. We found that students with impulsive cognitive styles have a tendency to think reflectively on the stage of understanding and reflection, using inefficient strategies, not completing answers, and give up easily in the face of a difficult task. Whereas the students with reflective cognitive style have a tendency to think reflectively on the stage of reflection and critical reflection, using expert strategies, concluding answers, and solving difficult problems in accordance with logic; and trial and error.

The purpose of this research is to determine which mathematical connection ability is better; students with high, medium or low self-regulated learning. This research was descriptive quantitative research. The instruments used in this research were questionnaire of self-regulated learning and written test of mathematical connection ability. The research samples consisted of 186 students who were studying at a state Junior High School in Sukoharjo Regency, Indonesia, with heterogeneous abilities. The data analysis technique used was one-way Anova with unbalanced cell and post hoc test using the Scheffe method. The results show that students with high self-regulated learning have better mathematical connection ability than students with medium and low self-regulated learning. Students with medium self-regulated learning have better mathematical connections ability than students with low self-regulated learning. In order to connect to each mathematical problem, students must first remember the problem, while to understand the problem, students must be able to make connections with topics related to the problem so that students' efforts in finding solutions to mathematical problems are through self-regulated learning activities. When students have self-regulated learning, they will significantly improve their mathematical connection ability.

This research aims to describe the mathematical problem-solving ability of grade VIII students at State Junior High School in Sragen Region and found the patterns of mathematical problem-solving abilities that were analysed based on students' mathematical resilience. The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative research with 153 students as the samples. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a written test. The results of the research give an overview that mathematical problem-solving ability of students has high resilience level of mathematics which can deal with and be able to overcome obstacles and negative situations related to the problem-solving process because they can successfully coach themselves. Students who are given non-routine mathematical problem show differences in their mathematics problem-solving based on levels of mathematical resilience.

This study aims to analyse misconceptions made by students regarding mathematical induction. The technic to collection data uses principles in ethnography such as observation, interview, documentation, and field note. Data were collected through student answer documentation based on 40 multiple choice questions with reasons. There are four misconceptions in solving problems related to mathematics induction subject matter. First is a misconception in interpreting the (n) on proof of P(n). Second is a misconception in generalizations (deduction). The third is a misconception in evidentiary procedures. Fourth is a misconception in manipulating or operating. The results of the findings of the misconceptions are used as material for consideration to improve items. Results construction of instruments to measure higher order thinking skills obtained 40 items that have been corrected based on criteria substance, construction, and language for further validation by experts before being tested in three schools.

The aim of this research is to find out the effect of learning models, students thinking style, and interaction between the learning model and students thinking style on students' mathematical communication ability. This research was quasi-experimental research with factorial design 2×4. The population of research was all students of the eighth-grader in the Nganjuk regency of Junior High School in academic year 2018/2019. The sample of research consists of 184 students. The data in the research were two ways of analysis of variance with unequal cells, with the 5% level of significance. The results of the research were as follow: (1) The 7E learning cycle provides better mathematical communication ability than the direct learning; (2) Students with SK and SA thinking style was better mathematical communication ability than AK and AA; (3) In each type of learning model, students with SK and SA thinking style have mathematical communication ability that was better than AK and AA; (4) In each students thinking style, students taught using the 7e learning cycle provide better mathematical communication ability than direct learning. 7E learning cycle can be used to improve the mathematical communication ability of junior high school students based on their thinking style.

An appropriate assessment that can show specifically the ability of students is something that is expected can be felt by students. Therefore there must be a fair assessment in an authentic assessment conducted on students. We report the results of case studies on student perspectives related to seven themes of fairness assessment that aim to investigate students' perspectives on the assessment of fairness in mathematics classes. We developed 20 questions related to fairness theme indicators and were given to five 11th grade high school students (15-17 years) from one of the referral schools in suburban areas in West Java. The results of this study illustrate that not all indicators of fairness are felt by students and the acquisition of student values influences their sense of fairness. This shows that the fairness of assessments in math classes is still lacking even in schools with referral school categories (implement authentic assessments).

The purpose of this study is to determine the mathematics teaching materials needed by students to improve problem-solving skills. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this study were PGMI students in the Metro city, province of Lampung. Data collection uses a non-test method that uses a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions, which included eight questions about the analysis of learning resources (teaching materials) and 8 questions about determining learning resources (teaching materials). The results of this study are 1) mathematics teaching materials that are used effectively help students understand mathematical material, but are not effective in helping students develop problem-solving skills, 2) students need mathematics teaching materials based on contextual approaches to improve problem-solving skills. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop mathematics teaching materials based on a contextual approach to improve problem-solving skills.

Nowadays, world civilization has entered the 21st century. One of the challenges of education in the 21st century is the development of human resources that have mathematical creativity. With mathematical creativity, students are trained to solve problems related to mathematics, students can facilitate their abilities, discuss various ways to find solutions, and make combinations of new knowledge or new problem solving techniques. This research has an aim to analyse mathematical creativity in the field of geometry in junior high school students in Surakarta. The research method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The sample of this research is 56 students from 8th grade student of junior high school in Surakarta were taken by random sampling method that represent the population. The results of this research indicated that out of 56 students of junior high school in Surakarta have 2 students who are on level 3 of mathematical creativity, 17 students who are on level 2 of mathematical creativity, and 37 students who are on level 1 of mathematical creativity. These result can be used as preliminary data to determine the level of mathematical creativity students in Surakarta.

Metacognition has an important role in solving mathematical problems. Metacognition in this study consisted of two components, namely metacognitive knowledge (declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge) and metacognitive regulation (planning, monitoring, and evaluation). Through the use of metacognition, students can find out what strategies are used and the difficulties that occur when learning and solving mathematical problems. The purpose of this study was to understand whether or not there were differences in metacognition of male and female students in solving mathematical problems. This study was quantitative research. The study was conducted in 87 students consisting of 55 male students and 32 female students from three junior high schools in Surakarta. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires and essay test. The data analysis technique used is the multivariate F-test. The result of this study is that there are differences in metacognition of male and female students in solving mathematical problems. The difference lies in the components of the metacognitive regulation, namely planning, monitoring, and evaluation.

The world of education continues to innovate in various fields, including renewal in its implementation strategies. Mathematical connection ability is one of the important abilities possessed by students. Mathematical connections aim to link mathematical problems into mathematical ideas they have. If students can use mathematical connections, learning will be optimal and meaningful. This study aims to describe students' mathematical connection skills in solving the problem of mathematical connections in the algebraic field. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with the subject of the research is class VIII in Surakarta Batik Middle School, amounting to 57 students. Data collection is done by giving a test in the form of a more in-depth essay on mathematical connection skills in the algebraic field. The variables in this study are indicators of mathematical connection ability, namely the connection between mathematical concepts, connections between mathematics and other sciences, and connections between mathematics and everyday life. In this study, students' mathematical connection ability tests were still low. Can be seen from the percentage of each indicator, namely the indicator of the connection between mathematical concepts is 38%, the connection between mathematics and other sciences is 29%, and the connection between mathematics and everyday life is 43%. Students are lowest in connecting mathematics with other sciences.

This study aims to analyze: (a) mathematical communication ability of students before and after learning with Different Instruction; (b) difference between students' mathematical communication ability using Differentiated Instruction and conventional learning. The research method used in this study is a quantitative research. 70 Junior High School students of the 8th graders, participate in this study. The first class sample is learning with Differentiated Instruction approach and the second class with the conventional learning. Data obtained using research instruments consisting of pre-test and post-test. Based on the results of data processing, it was obtained: (a) the mean achievement of communication ability of the students of Differentiated Instruction class is 77.37 in the medium level and the student of conventional class (75.87) in the medium level too; (b) to improve students' mathematical communication ability, Differentiated Instruction approach is better to use. From the data that has been obtained, the effect of Differentiated Instruction is to improve students' mathematical communication ability.

This study aims to determine the mathematical critical thinking and communication skills of high school students in trigonometry materials. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach. Subjects were randomly selected from 10^th grade as many as five students. The instrument used was a test of critical thinking skills, communication, and non-tests in the form of an attitude scale questionnaire of 16 statements. The results showed that students had critical thinking skills and communication in the low category. Students are not able to complete trigonometry questions completely. This is because students are poorly trained in solving trigonometric problems with non-routine questions. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that: (1) mathematical critical thinking skills of five students of class X on trigonometry material are still relatively low. (2) Mathematical communication skills of five students of class X on trigonometry are still relatively low. (3) There is a relationship between critical thinking skills and mathematical communication of students. (4) And students' attitudes toward mathematics learning, tests of mathematical critical thinking, and communication skills on trigonometric material are good. So the critical thinking skills and mathematical communication of five students in trigonometry material are still lacking because students have difficulty in modeling trigonometry problems, and stuck with modification questions because many students are not able to complete the answers to the questions given.

This study aims to describe the higher order thinking skills of 8th grade students in mathematics problem solving. The sample used was one class consisting of 29 students and the class was selected based on purposive random sampling. Data collected through tests and interview. Data analyzed by descriptive analysis. The students are given mathematics problem solving test which includes HOTS level of analyze, evaluate and create. The result in the analyze level as many as 86.2% of students be able to differentiating, 48.3% of students be able to organizing, and 48.3% of students be able to attributing. In the Evaluate level as many as 72.4% of students be able to checking and 68.9% of students be able to critiquing. In the Create level, as many as 37.9% of students be able to generating, 31% of students be able to planning and 27.6% of students be able to producing.

An instrument is one of tools has used to collect a data, whether or not a research instrument has needs to be seen characteristics of the instruments compiled. So this research has a purpose is to find out characteristics of instruments test for mathematical problem solving abilities have been compiled in algebraic material for class VII junior high school students. The research method used is a basic research method. Data analysis was done by qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis is used to see characteristics of content validity, while quantitative analysis is done to see characteristics of the level of difficulty and distinguishing items, as well as the reliability coefficient of instrument test. The results has showed that all items had content validity, level of difficulty and distinguishing power were good, with high instrument reliability coefficients.

Conceptual thought is the basic thought in mathematics learning. Process of learning mathematics involves a representation interpretation from a representation form to others. The aim of this research was to analysis the representation process from picture form to mathematics equation. Moreover, this research was descriptive qualitative research. The data were gotten by using test and interview towards 34 students with heterogeneous ability in Surakarta. There were 4 stages in this research, they were unpacking the source, preliminary coordination, constructing the target and determining equivalency. This process involved some other representations such as symbol, schema, verbal, and numeric. Furthermore, the research result showed that the students still had not been able to do the representation process from picture form to equation well. Interpretation process started from picture to equation through other representation mediators like symbols, words and so on. Every student had various ways to do his or her representation. The problem about students' low mathematics representation could be finished by using a learning medium-based RME. Besides, the suggestions for further research is to do deeper research related to students' characteristics and to do the opposite research that is an analysis of the presentation process from the equation to picture form.

This research aims to analyse students' imitative and creative reasoning in solving geometry problems. The reasoning is essential for students. The reasoning in the context of learning mathematics is needed to understand mathematical concepts, build a mathematical idea and provide evidence of the truth of the idea. The reasoning divided into imitative and creative. Indicators of creative reasoning consist of creativity, anchoring, and plausibility. The method of this research was qualitative descriptive research. The subjects in this research were thirty-four students in ninth grade around fourteen to fifteen years old who have studied about cube and cuboid. Data collection was done by tests and interviews. The results of the data analysis show how students solve geometry problems using imitative and creative reasoning. The student answers are categorized into three groups, student answers by imitative and creative reasoning, student answers by imitative without creative reasoning, and the last student answers by creative without imitative reasoning.

The purpose of this research was to describe the cognition processes of student with low functioning autism in solving mathematical problem. The subject in this research is a high school student with low functioning autism. Data was revealed through task-based interviews using instrument of mathematical problems. The cognition processes in solving mathematical problems involved understanding the problems, devising a plan, carrying out a plan, and checking to ensure the process of problem solving resulted in a correct answer. Some characteristics of autism was very perceptible during mathematical problems solving processes. The subject has difficulty in understanding the problem, even though the information in the problems is split into some simple information. The use of media provides assistance in an attempt to understand the problems even though it is not significant. The subject is unable to determine the plan of completion the problems because he has difficulty in understanding the problems. Subject provides answers that do not suitable with the question in a repetitive way. The subject speaks for itself during the process of understanding the problems.

The aim of this study is to create a practical work design based on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) on the manufacture of liquid sugar from cassava husks (Manihot esculenta) to improve the creative abilities of students. To achieve this, the question that arises in this study is "How can the characteristics of developing practical design based on science, technology, engineering and mathematics improve students' creativity?" The researcher used Design-Based Research (DBR) method consisting of 4 phases: Problem identification and analysis, Designing a solution, Repeated cycles in testing and refining designs and Reflection to produce the principles of design and implementation. The Participants in this study were senior high school students, chemistry teacher and 3 observers who understood the STEM approach. Data was collected by interviewing, testing and observing the activities students. The results showed that student creativity increased through STEM-based practice.

Mathematization competency is considered in the field as the focus of the modeling process. This study aims to determine the extent to which the students mathematization competitions in solving geometrical problems. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method by using purposive sampling technique. The data in research are the result of contextual geometry problems and interview by the 8th graders of Junior High School in Surakarta. After that tested to five students can be concluded that students difficulties in horizontal and vertical mathematization. Students difficulties in horizontal mathematization refer to cannot transferring a real-world geometry problem to a mathematical model and difficulties vertical mathematization is adjusting, combining, refining and integrating models.

This study aims to analyze the effect of increasing the ability of connection and mathematical communication of students through TGT cooperative learning. This study uses a quasi-experimental method. The sample of the study is the fourth-grade students of students of one of the state elementary schools in Bandung with 52 students. The instruments are data collection, namely test instruments, mathematical connection, and communication skills. Through the t-test, Mann-Whitney, and two-way ANOVA, conclusions were obtained, 1) there was a significant difference in the increase in connection skills and mathematical communication of students who received TGT type cooperative learning with students who received classical learning, 2) there was no interaction effect significant between learning and mathematical initial ability to increase students' connection and mathematical communication skill. So this study proves that TGT cooperative learning can be used as an increase in the results of mathematical learning in elementary schools.

This research aimed to identify the effect of POGIL model on the students' mathematical problem-solving ability. The variables involved in this research were mathematical problem-solving abilities as an independent variable, and the POGIL model as a dependent variable. Based on the observations of researchers through interviews with mathematics subject teachers and students at Junior High School 2 Kalibagor, showed that the mathematical learning process that took place was still dominated by learning that did not involve the active role of students. The learning used is still teacher-centered and limited to information transfer, especially in the form of theoretical and mathematical equations. The population of this study was the students at seventh grade in Junior High School 2 Kalibagor, even semester in the school year 2017/2018 consist of 8 classes and amounted to 219 students. Sampling was done randomly, selected as an experimental class is 66.91 with 30 students and 55.91 as control class with 30 students. This test was validated by two mathematicians, then it was tested to a group of seventh-grade students to fulfill the validity and reliability criteria. The data were analyzed by using t-test after conducting a series of normality and homogeneity tests. It was concluded that t-test for equality of means was used for hypothesis testing that shows a significant value = 0.000 less than alpha 0.05. So that H0 is rejected, it means that students' mathematical problem-solving ability taught by using POGIL model is better than students' mathematical problem-solving ability taught by conventional learning. In other words, POGIL model influences or effects on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities.

This research aimed to identify the effect of DLPS model on students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving abilities. The variables involved in this research were thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving abilities as independent variables, and DLPS model as a dependent variable. One of the best learning strategies to encourage active thinking and problem-solving is the Double Loop Problem Solving (DLPS) model. DPLS model is a learning model of mathematical problem-solving approach that emphasizes students to find the main cause of the existence of a problem. This is in line with students' mathematical problem-solving abilities that require the student to understand problems, plan or design problem-solving strategies, carry out calculations and verify the truth of the outcome or solution. The population of this study was the students at seventh grade in Junior High School State 1 Rembang, Purbalingga Regency, even semester in the school year 2017/2018. There was selected seventh grade of class B as experimental with 34 students and seventh grade of class E as control class with 34 students. The summary of the hypothesis testing, with the help of the SPSS program, is presented. Using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality test and Levene's test for equality of variances for homogeneity test, obtained significant value are 0.057; 0.145 and 0.168; 0.062 0.063; 0.681 and 0.244; 0.171 and 1.306; 2.359 more than alpha 0.05. It means that the students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving abilities fulfilled assumption of normality test and homogeneity test. After conducting a series of normality and homogeneity tests, it was concluded that t-test for equality of means was used for hypothesis testing. The significant value is 0.019; 0.012 less than alpha 0.05. So that H0 is rejected, it means that students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving ability taught by using DLPS model are better than students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving ability taught by conventional learning. In other words, the DLPS model influences or effects on students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving abilities.

Environmental issues and oil resource depletion have urged government and car manufacturers to reduce production of combustion engine vehicle and at same time give more attention to hybrid and electric vehicle (HEV/EV). Fortunately, we have seen these future cars on the rood, for example, Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt and Toyota Auris hybrid. To attract the buyers, these cars must have better efficient in term of equivalent litter per km. One way to achieve this goal, brake blending is incorporated to replace conventional brake system. This paper aims to investigate and compare the performance of such braking system using road test data. Recovered energy and driver comfort are two main aspect analyzed in aforementioned cars. Based on investigation detailed braking data on many driving conditions, it was found that different manufacturers employ different control strategies and have unique feature, respectively. Also, brake blending could cause driver confusion due to different pedal feeling experienced as in the combustion engine car.

The purpose of this study was to test the performance of hydrocarbon refrigerant (R-1270) to replace R-32 refrigerant. The refrigerant R1270 is a propylene-base refrigerant (C3H6), while R32 is a synthetic refrigerant. Both refrigerants were tested on residential air conditioning systems with similar specifications. At pressure of 100 psig and external air temperature of 25 °C, the Coefficient of Performance (CoP) and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of R32 were better than those of R32. The electrical power consumption of R1270 was 12.5 % more efficient than R32. In terms of volume used, R1270 required was 53.5 % lower than that of R32. The air temperature coming out of the evaporator of R1270 was 1 °C lower than that of R-32. This research showed that R-1270 could be used to replace R-32 effectively.

The problem of increasing scarcity of petroleum. This encourages researchers to develop alter-native fuels. This study attempts to compare and analyze the volumetric efficiency of the mixture of PER-TAMINA Biodiesel and D70J30 fuel mix (70% Biodiesel PERTAMINA and 30% Jatropha Biodiesel). The purpose of this research is to know the ratio of volumetric efficiency of fuel mixture D70J30 with PERTAMINA biodiesel in 4-stroke direct injection diesel motor, 4-cylinder engine with 2.8-liter cylinder volume, in order to find solution to improve engine performance. The method used in this study is experimental. The results showed the volumetric efficiency of diesel engines when using D70J30 mixed fuel at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% loads was 83.71%; 83.96%; 83.96%; 83.84% decreased compared to volumetric efficiency of PERTAMINA biodiesel at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% loads were 89, 5%; 89, 7%; 89, 5%; 89, 7%. The implications of the research results are the power and torque of the diesel engines are also down. In order to improve engine performance there are two ways that can be done, first fix the fuel mixture D70J30, the second modify the engine.

The critical environmental issues of the Indonesian automotive market growth are the increase in air pollution. Vehicle exhaust emission can cause significant problems for the human health and the environment. Therefore, vehicle emission control is indispensable to mitigate the environmental problem. One of the most widely used methods to reduce automotive emission is utilization of catalytic converter in exhaust system. In fact, the catalyst performance in the reduction of noxious gases depends on its material and geometric design. This study aims to evaluate the effect of geometric parameter on the performance of motorcycle catalytic converters. In this experimental study, the catalytic converter made of brass foil plate is mounted on motorcycle muffler. The effectiveness of three catalyst geometry models namely flat perforated plate, folded perforated plate and rolled brass sheet, will be evaluated in relation to the reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) content. HC and CO emission levels are measured by four gas analyzers. The results show that the geometric parameter has a significant effect on HC and CO's composition in the exhaust gas. For idle speed test, the second geometry model of catalyst presents the best performance in reduction of Hydrocarbon and CO2 concentration.

In a feasibility analysis, there are many involved factors giving influences on a feasibility decision of a hydro power plant. The research aims to assess the extent of criteria benefits obtained in running an investment business activity. Results of the assessment are used as considerations in decision making, whether it is to accept or reject a power plant investment plan. Methodology used in feasibility assessment is Analytic Hierarchy Process. AHP is a simple and flexible decision making method to deal with qualitative assessment giving integration to all expert decisions through structured linkages and by weighting on some variables giving influences on feasibility aspects, such as technical aspects and non-technical aspects through instruments that are validated by project planner party, capital and investment agency, as well as provincial energy mining office and also engineering consultant. Research benefits can minimize any undesired risks, both controllable risks and uncontrollable risks. Proposed plans will be references in running each business stage, so that there will be systematic and effective work; it also facilitates supervision and control. The conclusion leads to eight important criteria giving great determinant and priority in assessment of a feasibility preparation results, so there will be a standard and valid feasibility decision.

The objective of this study is to analyze turbulent flow characteristics of turbulence modeling in Steam Curved Converging Diverging Nozzle. The three turbulence models have been conducted to simulate flow characteristics using k-ε standard, k-ε Renormalization Group (RNG), and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). Fluid dynamics parameters such as pressure, velocity, and/or density have been analyzed graphically to know the more suitable model. The k- k-ε STD and RNG show give the similar profile of the turbulent kinetic energy (k) and energy dissipation rate (ε) that is differ with the RSM model. After throat position (position 0.67 m) the k-k-ε STD and RNG give the magnitude more than 1200 (m2/s2) for its turbulent kinetic energy and more than 3.2E06 (m2/s3) for its energy dissipation rate. The RSM model give the lowest values which far below 200 (m2/s2) for turbulent kinetic energy and below 2E05 (m2/s3) for energy dissipation rate. The turbulence modeling analysis of steam saturated flow in plane-curved nozzle present the increasing steam velocity about 3 Ma for 200 kPa steam inlet.

The aim of this article is to evaluate the feasibility of using an automotive alternator as a Pico water turbine (Picohydro). The automotive alternator system is examined by the pump as a turbine, using water energy in the simulator system to generates the automotive alternator. The simulator equipment that has been made is used to see the performance of the automotive alternator as a generator and recorded a few parameters in the closed-loop system. From this evaluation, the greater the water flow or water pressure that drives the pump as a turbine, the higher the power is produced from the automotive alternator. The Study shows that automotive alternator can be used as a generator and an alternative to generating electricity.

The study aim was to analyze the effect of chronic pesticide exposure on farmers in Tanjung Wangi village. Observational study with male adult farmer as respondents. 100 questionnaires were given to farmers and 56 returned. The average age of respondents was 46.5 years, education was primary school, length of work/day was 4-6 hours, length as farmer was more than 10 years. The results were no respondents have Parkinson symptoms with a median score were 57, 61, and 67.5 on 1 to 5, 5 to10, and more than 10 years pesticide exposure respectively. From 56 respondents selected 30 persons randomly for physical examination (PE) and blood examination Parameters measured were PE, concentration of glutathione-total and alpha-synuclein in erythrocyte membranes. Data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS 21. The results were no respondents have digestive and balance disorders. Alpha-synuclein concentrations were not significantly different between the length of exposure as well as total glutathione concentrations. PE significant correlation with alpha-synuclein (rho=0.366, p=0.044). Pesticides cause oxidative stress in erythrocytes. Alpha-synuclein has the potential as a biomarker for Parkinson-sporadic disease.