Table of contents

The physicochemical activity of the washing environment is related to the value of the contact wetting angle of the solution and the body being washed and changes rather quickly. In this study a technique and software tool were developed for the rapid determination of the dependence of the contact wetting angle on the concentration of surface-active substances (surfactants) and the selection of optimal values. The technique was based on pixel-by-pixel processing of photographs of cleaning solutions droplets on various types of the studied surfaces with using color contrasting. The data were processed by statistical methods which allow determining the value of the derivative of the surface equation and finding the contact wetting angle. The dependence of the wetting angle on the surfactant concentration was studied using multiplicative power functions. The results showed a decreasing return value of the contact wetting angle from increasing surfactant concentration. It was defined that the influence of potassium monoborate (PMB) together with MS-8 is the most effective. The obtained results allow calculating and optimizing surfactants percentage defining the quality and performance of the washing process at the design stage of the technological process for various options for the combined use of surfactants.

Application of the non-stationary waterflooding technology at the Kumkol field (the Republic of Kazakhstan) had a number of unsolved problems. The main problem is correct selection of parameters for the non-vascular flooding technology - an amplitude and a cycling impact frequency. The amplitude of impact is determined by the capabilities of the reservoir pressure maintenance system (RPM) and the ability of the reservoir to absorb large volumes of water. The impact frequency is a more unstable parameter depending on the structure of the reservoir and saturation of heterogeneous fluids. For the Kumkol field conditions, the void reservoir space has a complex multi-level structure. There are pore reservoirs with different permeability rates, highly permeable layers located over the deposits, filtration channels with very high permeability (cracks, a super collector). In addition, there are three phases of reservoir fluids (oil, water, free gas). All this creates uncertainty in setting frequency parameters of the non-stationary waterflooding method. The article deals with the issue of determining frequencies of impact.

The article describes the development of an automated control system for electric drives, which includes a doubly fed induction motor, a digital position sensor and National Instruments equipment, represented by the PXI modular platform and LabVIEW software. The features of the interaction of software and hardware of the electric drive control system are considered. During operation, the system uses various levels of interaction of virtual instruments within one project. Thus, the use of virtual instruments of the project occurs at the level of the personal computer of the workplace, controller and the module with a programmable logic integrated circuit. The method of using a dynamically connected library for the calculation of parameters and state variables of the electric drive in real time is presented.

Control of marine moving objects is a complex task, which requires considering the nonlinearity of the control object, as well as random wind-wave disturbances. One of the modern strategies is the model predictive control. The article investigates the possibilities of parallel computing technologies to solve the problem of finding the optimal sequence of control vectors in predictive control of a marine vessel. The basic concepts and mathematical model of control systems with prediction are given. Then the optimization problem is formulated. The use of SMP-systems and parallel algorithms is substantiated. Then we describe one of the most common parallel programming technologies - OpenMp. A parallel version of the conditional optimization algorithm is presented, as well as the quality functional used in the control. The results of modeling in a multi-core system with shared memory are presented. In conclusion, further directions of research, as well as possible ways to improve performance are proposed. All presented models are implemented in C++.

The article deals with screw pumping units with a surface drive. A hardware system combined with a control expert system was developed. It can be used to monitor and control the operating modes of screw pump units.

The paper is devoted to the development and investigation of automatic adaptive control system of electric machine rotor radial displacement stabilization with active magnetic bearings. A new approach of solving the problem of stabilizing the rotating element of motor, based on active current updating of the spatial position is offered. The development of automatic control algorithm is done using the Lyapunov function method. The paper describes the way of constructive implementation of this method, structural synthesis methodology of control law, as well as the results of simulation, confirming potential of conducted research. Practical implementation of the developed system will increase the parametric reliability of electrical equipment for various purposes.

Distributing the red-sludge flow between paralleled thickeners is a relevant problem for controlling the process of thickening and washing the alumina sludge. Sludge sticks to thickener walls and rakes in operation, which reduces the effective volume of the machine and puts a greater strain on the rakes; raising the rakes is necessary to avoid breaking the stirrer, but this reduces the compacting rate of the thickened product. Redistributing the feed pulp between thickeners over the course of their gradual uneven contamination might solve the problem of the thickened product being under-compacted in the thickening-washing line. There are patents that address this issue; however, they only describe semiautomatic approaches. The problem has been covered to a great extent by Russian scientists and engineers such as M V Levin, T B Potapova, V V Aleksandrov, T G Milberger, P F Minin, I M Fain, R M Khamidov, as well as by the following institutions: All-Union Research and Development Institute of Aluminum, Magnesium, and Electrode Industries, Pikalevo Alumina Plant, Pavlodar Aluminum Plant. The paper describes the algorithm of an artificial immune system for redistributing the red-sludge flow in alumina production between paralleled thickeners.

The article examines the problem of raising control operations efficiency through measurement mechanisms transference optimization. For solving the problem it is proposed to use the discrete optimization method, based on solving the "traveling salesman" problem. The article demonstrates the comparison of the "greedy" algorithm and the branch – and – bound method and proves the necessity to use optimized algorithms, as even approximate algorithms make it possible to reduce the length of the way monitoring sensor passed. Reducing the length of the way the monitoring sensor passes leads to reducing the control operation time. The time gain depends on the quantity of controlled parameters.

This paper dwells upon fluidized-bed furnaces. It shortly describes the theory behind the firing process. Special emphasis is put on calculating the air feed through the nozzles. These calculations serve as the basis for compiling the material and heat balance formulas. The process is modeled mathematically in MatLab. The main parameter of the firing process is the bed temperature. It has been found out that raising the concentrate firing temperature beyond 1050°C enlarges the cinder pieces due to flashing while lowering it below 800°C results in excessive size reduction and incomplete oxidation of the sulfides, i.e. in a worse performance of the furnace. The analysis of firing nickel concentrate in a fluidized-bed furnace shows that for the process to occur appropriately, it is advisable to design the following systems for the automatic control and adjustment of process parameters that determine the quality of firing nickel sulfide concentrate: automatic fluidized-bed temperature control systems, junction-box air feed control systems, and under-roof rarefaction controls. The paper compares three types of controllers as deployed on the furnace temperature maintenance loop.

An increase in the oil recovery rate is a crucial problem for the national energy industry. This paper discusses improvement of energy production and management of technical systems through the use of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. To implement this method, a cluster pumping station (CPS) with an autonomous power supply, thermal and water-gas impact on the formation was used. The article considers water saturation with carbon dioxide and its heating to increase oil recovery and prevent harmful combustion products from being released into the atmosphere. All the associated gases enter the heat engine turning mechanical energy into electrical one. Exhaust gases released from the heat engine are not emitted into the atmosphere. Using a smoke exhauster, they enter the mixing heat exchanger. In the mixing heat exchanger, water is heated and saturated with carbon dioxide. Then it enters the well which increases oil recovery, prevents air pollution and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

The computational experiments results on simulation of a layered structure formation and the prediction of characteristics (porosity, roughness, adhesion) of metallic coatings based on intermetallic titanium-aluminum alloys (α₂-Ti₃Al, γ-TiAl and TiAl₃) are given. The coatings under conditions typical of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and for high-velocity spraying (HVOF, D-Gun Spraying, etc.) by computer-aided design have been prepared. The ranges of the "key physical parameters (KPPs)" values of the sprayed particles, which ensure the stable formation of spreading and solidified melt particles (splats) on the sprayed surface for each of the three types of intermetallic titanium-aluminum coatings, have been detected. Taking into account the stable splat formation conditions, as well as the minimum of porosity (and roughness) and the maximum adhesion strength of the simulated coatings, the optimal spraying modes of coatings based on intermetallic titanium-aluminum alloys (Ti₃Al, TiAl and TiAl₃) were determined.

In recent years, there is an increased interest in pipes with regularly variable section area (converging-diverging pipes) in the oil chemical industry. At the same time, there is no simple engineering technique for calculation of hydrodynamic characteristics of such devices, which significantly impedes computations for mass exchange processes inside them. Attempts to concentrate energy dissipation and their control near the phase boundary were mainly directed at using the fluid flow pulses induced by an external generator, alternating displacement field, pulses caused by fluid flow through the conduit with a variable cross-section. As a result, it has been revealed that the forces determined by action of convective acceleration are capable of causing a significant deformation and breakage of disperse inclusions (drops and bubbles). For rigid particles, the action of the convective acceleration leads to a periodic impulse renewal of liquid near the surface of the rigid particle.

Emergencies and breaks of field pipelines result in both gas, oil, and refined products waste and high costs for maintenance and repair evaluated in billiard rubles annually. The purpose of this work is calculate test pressure in field pipelines with the account of pipes ovality and curvature, stress pattern, surface damage areas, plasticity of pipe steels and optimal parameters control. To determine maximum test pressure it is advisable to divide the pipeline into parts for hydraulic tests, denote sources of water feeding and points of water discharge. Minimum elastic bend radius (EBR) and walls thickness (WT) should be found for every part. Unfailing service can be provided by periodical hydraulic tests, e.g. once in three years (in case when the test pressure is σ_tp = σ_fp) or by periodic decrease of the operational pressure. The other way to provide unfailing service of the pipeline is decreasing cyclic load.

The paper deals with the workload distribution problem in the fog-computing environments. This problem is topical due to the wide range of networked control systems functioning on the basis of cloud and fog-computing infrastructure. The latter presupposes the techniques of workload relocation between the cloud, fog, and, in particular, the endpoint devices. As control systems have their own requirements in terms of latency, reliability, fault-tolerance, etc., the specific techniques must be developed to deliver these particular features using the fog-computing infrastructure. In the current paper a problem model of workload relocation is presented, the problem of constraints forming is considered and the new constraint forming technique is proposed.

The article deals with utilizing the method of qualitative assessment of welding zone dynamic resistance based on a Hamming neural network to increase versatility and reliability of computer diagnostics for resistance spot welding. We propose a mechanism for encoding information on dynamic resistance into bipolar signals required for the neural network tuning and operation. The algorithm of welding diagnostics was developed and implemented with specialized software. The results of the neural network training and testing are presented. As the analysis shows, the relative error in predicting destruction force does not exceed 10%. The approach proposed in this article complies with the requirements of ISO 9000:2015 standard for continuous monitoring and documentation of each welded connection and allows for increased accuracy of computer diagnostics of welds.

The article is aimed at implementing the principles of lean manufacturing at machine-building enterprises. It considers the task of monitoring and analyzing the efficiency of using the machine time of the universal machine park, where CNC is not used. It also does not provide for the possibility to register information and promptly take into account the duration and modes of operation of the machine. The article proposes a software-hardware solution, in which the idea of machine loading in an automated mode is formed without the influence of the "human factor". The data are generated based on the registration of the current strength consumed by the machine. The developed information system allows us to generate a report and a load schedule for each piece of equipment for a selected period of time. The result is a reduction in downtime up to 2 times and an increase in output by 25%.

The paper presents a method for synthesis of a speed control system of induction motor drive and synthesis of output voltage control system for permanent magnet synchronous generator fed by three phase inverter with active rectifier. The mathematical model of a wind mill connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator unit with output voltage control is considered. A structural and parametric synthesis of vector control systems can be implemented using a special localization method, which makes it possible to purposefully organize loops of slow and fast motions by establishing deep feedbacks. The developed localization method of control systems synthesis provides robust and stable operation of objects under study. The paper also examines difficulties in the differentiating filter designing. The approach of multimovement closed loops design is used to decompose the synthesis task. Deep feedbacks allow engineers to design control systems insensitive to disturbances and to compensate signal and parametric disturbances of control object. The proposed approach could be used for synthesis of wide range of nonlinear and unstable systems. The operability and robustness of proposed approach is discussed in this paper.

The article presents the results of experiments with the use of the developed energy-efficient LED-based lighting device for illuminating the horizontal working surface in livestock houses. The implementation of maintaining the magnitude and mode of illumination was carried out using programmable logic controllers. The results of the effect of the developed LED luminaire on the health and productivity of black-and-white dairy cows are given. The main indicators of the quality of milk in the control and experimental group after 30, 60 and 90 days were determined. It has been established that the use of the visible spectrum of artificial light emission with an adjustable amount of light does not adversely affect the cows' organism, but rather stimulates its activity, which contributes to more abundant feed consumption and an increase in milk yield, and, accordingly, a reduction in production costs. The maintenance of the magnitude and mode of illumination using programmable logic controllers of the German company Schneider Electric has been implemented.

The reduction of energy costs in the production of livestock products by maintaining the required illumination parameters is an important task. The results of studies on the development of a program for automatic control and maintenance of lighting parameters in premises for keeping birds, depending on the cross, technologies of keeping and the age of birds, using programmable logic controllers (PLC) are presented. The use of a dimming system will reduce the energy consumption of lighting equipment and increase the efficiency of electrical energy use.

The article describes the effect of reducing general operating speed of the automatic control system which deteriorates the performance. Synthesis of the response function of the pulse converter was analyzed. The function takes into account the time of a electromagnetic transient process of the single-cycle converter. A mathematical model of the DC/DC converter as part of the element base of an adjustable electric drive was built.

Thee paper analyzes the electric traction network and its features. The article shows that the use of one type of protection creates dead zones. To ensure reliability of the protection system, along with the maximum pulse protection system, digital terminal should be used.

The paper is devoted to efficiency improvement of the gas-distributing system of main gas pipe-lines due to parallel generation of electric energy at gas distribution stations. When the natural gas is supplied from the main pipelines to municipal systems and large industrial enterprises its pressure at gas distribution stations and gas distribution units is reduced. This aspect allows con-verting potential energy of pressure drops in a gas pipeline into electric energy thus improving the efficiency of gas transportation.

The paper proposes the innovative system of connecting digital terminals to a personal computer of a traction substation and a power dispatcher via remote access thus expanding control and observation over the system and facilitating the operation with In-Ter device. The real time work of In-Ter terminals can be performed by a power dispatcher and can be monitored by an engineer of the technical department of the energy service of an enterprise. This option will allow obtaining useful information quickly and changing the protection settings of a terminal if necessary, analyzing the compliance of loadings, emergency currents and settings in the technical department of the energy service of the enterprise to decrease cases of false activation of protection.

Processing 4.1 to 4.2 tons of nepheline concentrate mixed with limestone produces 1 t of alumina, 0.8 t of sodium carbonate, 0.3 t of potash, and 10 tons of cement. The costs of producing these from nepheline are significantly lower than the costs of individual production from conventional raw materials by conventional technology. Unlike the traditional ammonia-based method, the nepheline technology of producing soda ash is environmentally friendly and does not require costly sludge fields. Using belite sludge as the raw material for making cement improves the performance of kilns and reduces the fuel consumption by over 40% compared to the conventional technology. Making alumina with a specific content of α-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃ requires an automated process control system (APCS). In an industrial setting, only automatic controls enable maintaining a technologically healthy process. This paper presents a summary of the aluminum hydroxide calcination process that occurs in tubular rotary kilns. The research team has synthesized a dynamic control object model to plot curves of the target-parameter acceleration as induced by stepwise disturbances in air flow, charge flow, and fuel flow in order to compute the basic dynamic characteristics of the control object. A control parameter has been selected for the prospective single-loop control system. On the basis of the obtained characteristics, the research team has selected a controller for their single-loop kiln temperature stabilization system. The paper presents curves of the control-channel and disturbance-channel transients in the target parameter

It is proposed to put the linear programming method into the basis of the optimization problem of a mathematical economic model of fuel type selection in the boiler house. The linear programming method is used in modern computer programs for calculating various economic models. It is proposed to use graphical or vector methods for solving optimization problems when constructing a mathematical model after analyzing the boiler room operation data. Scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time it is proposed to use linear programming methods for an energy technology complex when choosing coal-water fuel based on various coals. Such calculation algorithms allow us to make recommendations to reduce fuel losses during transportation and storage. The solution of the optimization problem of a mathematical economic model can lead to a significant reduction in fuel consumption and an increase in economic efficiency when using energy technology complexes based on coal-water fuel.

In the context of creating digital production, ensuring the concept of continuous support for the product life cycle and the use of big data management systems contributes to the creation of a permanent relationship between all computer-aided design systems implemented at the enterprise. The purpose of the article is to develop a procedure for ensuring the quality of electronic products based on the introduction of intelligent equipment for automatic installation of printed circuit boards based on a multiparameter self-learning fuzzy classifier. To solve the problems of interfacing big data management systems and modern computer-aided design systems, it is proposed to apply the methods of discrete linear or mixed integer programming. Application of logical operations will allow one to simulate the production process in more detail and predict possible disturbances with maximum accuracy.

The article proposes new methodological directions, models and methods of effective digital proportional-integral-differential (PID) control. The theoretic multiple models of the digital PID controller based on the discretization of the continuum model are proposed, differing in the component composition that significantly influences the dynamics of regulation. Mathematical models of digital control with the replacement of the integral in the continuum model by the Simpson's rule are proposed, which are distinguished by the high accuracy of the formation of control actions in comparison with traditional mathematical models.

The article substantiates the need for prompt adjustment of the dynamics of the controlled parameter in the management process and the development of a methodology for prompt adjustment in the proportional-integral-differential (PID) control cycle (in real time). New methods of mixed and optimal digital control on the basis of appropriate mathematical models of digital PID control are proposed, which are distinguished by the formation of the best control action in the tact of preventive evaluation of the control object response.

The paper considers the possibility of using fuzzy logic algorithms in the development of automatic control systems for precision machining of cylindrical surfaces. For the theoretical justification of the use of these algorithms, a mathematical model of the turning process and a mathematical model of the fuzzy-controller were developed. When developing the fuzzy-controller mathematical model, its input and output linguistic variables were determined, their fuzzification was carried out. The base of fuzzy linguistic rules that formed the algorithm for controlling the processing accuracy was developed. The defuzzification method was chosen, which allows determining the value of the control value depending on the value of the mismatch of the controlled value. The value of the error of the dynamic adjustment of the processing process was considered as an input linguistic variable fuzzy-regulator was considered, and the value of the correction made to the value of the longitudinal feed - as its output linguistic variable. The results of the comparative theoretical analysis of the processing accuracy in the process system without control were studied along with the control of the classic proportional regulator and proportional fuzzy-controller using the fuzzy inference algorithm Mamdani. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, it is concluded that the use of fuzzy logic algorithms is promising in the development of automatic control systems for precision turning of machine parts.

In this paper, a new obstacle collision avoidance algorithm based on the model predictive control is proposed. The algorithm has the following advantages. First, the vehicle nonlinear dynamics as well as restrictions on the phase variables and the controls defining forbidden areas for the vehicle are taken into account. Second, an adaptation of the algorithm to the time-varying number of obstacles according to information coming in real-time from sensors is implemented. Third, the return to the prescribed trajectory after obstacles avoidance is provided. The ship collision avoidance on the sea surface is considered as an example.

The article deals with the results of technological process of bringing an oil well to stable production; the well is equipped with an electric submersible centrifugal pump unit, its drive function is changed by a frequency-controlled drive. The paper presents data obtained while bringing an oil well to stable production: the liquid flow rate, oil flow rate, operating current, submersible electric motor loading, current frequency, water content of the products. The authors describe the process and specific aspects of bringing an oil well to stable production, conditions necessary for the process, variation of operation parameters. Recommendations were developed to ensure optimal operation of oil wells equipped with electric submersible centrifugal pump units considering technological and economic costs.

This article focuses on approaches based on shipbuilding simulation such as digital shipbuilding, Simulation Based Design (SBD), and virtual shipyard. The article deals with the main aspects of methodology of selecting the type of the hierarchical structure of the Electronic Information Model of a Ship (EIMS). The selection of a particular representation of the EIMC structure is ambiguous: on the one hand, the model structure must include the most general elements of the object (ship) hierarchy, encompassing all stages of the lifecycle; on the other hand, as shown above, hierarchical elements of each stage are specific. General principles of structuring EIMS are considered, and influence of essential criteria of EIMS use at different stages of the ship lifecycle is analyzed. The most optimal hierarchical structure of EMIS is selected using the expert estimation method (chosen by investigation), which is based on a combined approach of the analytic hierarchy process introduced by T. Saaty. The expert analysis indicates importance of selection of EIMC structure type prior to initiation of implementing the lifecycle of a particular ship, provided that PLM systems are used.

In technological processes of modern enterprises of oil and gas production flammable and explosive substances turn, which, combined with a wide range of changes and extreme values of technological parameters - temperature, pressure, flow rate, corrosivity, causes high rates of accidents risk. Pipe heating furnaces are among the most dangerous objects of oil and gas production, more than 10% of all accidents occur on them. Cause most of these accidents is leakage of pipe coil and the ingress of the process medium into the combustion space of the pipe heater. During operation, irreversible damage accumulates in the pipe coil metal, there is an uneven stress-strain state due to thermal force loading, there is a carbon deposition on the inner surface. This article discusses the process of carbon-producing in the pipe heaters on the example of a pipe heater box type using a computer predictive model of the production process. According to the results of the study, a new evaluation criterion for the level of coking of the pipe coil – the rate of carbon-producing is proposed and its value corresponding to the maximum permissible level of coking is determined. Calculation of the rate of carbon-producing is carried out by virtual quality analyzers using the process parameters of the carbon-producing.