Table of contents

PREFACE

Mechanical Science and Technology Update (MSTU-2018) were held from 27-28 February in Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia.

The conference materials cover the generalized issues of achievements in applied mechanics, engineering and materials science, quality management, mathematical modeling of processes, numerical solution of differential equations and development of micro-mechanical systems.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The research is devoted to the study of the processes occurring when the hand-held machine is machined by the impactor and their effect on the operator's work. To calculate the level of force impact for performing operations and to evaluate the transmitted vibration from the machine body to the hands of the operator, a model for interaction of the operator-machine-workable system, which is universal for any processed material, was created. The working cycle of the machine is divided into six main phases, for which the main energy indicators are determined. The calculation of the vibration acceleration of the machine body at different stages of the working cycle is made, the most vibro-dangerous phases of the cycle are identified, the elements of the machine are identified that need new design solutions, a layout scheme is proposed, at which the area of the vibration damper is significantly increased and the impact of the striker on the body of the machine is significantly reduced in the return stroke.

This paper considers motion estimation algorithms using a Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) metric and making an exhaustive search of motion vectors. A new fast algorithm, based on a new method of fast 2D convolution, is presented. It reduces a number of required arithmetic operations for finding all motion vectors in some area, compared to early published algorithms. The paper gives equations, underlines the presented algorithm, shows the tables comparing a new algorithm to another one in various cases. The new algorithm reduces the computational amount to 3.4%.

The article is devoted to mathematical and simulation modeling of electromagnetic processes of electric devices (ED). The development of industry, transport, power facilities, agriculture, and household services, health care leads to creation of electrical devices and systems for various functional purposes. It complicates the design (geometry) of electromagnetic and magnetic systems, improves magnetic and electrical characteristics of ED materials. The development of new software and hardware allows solving mixed (connected) tasks of simulating various physical processes in ED, electrical and electromechanical systems. However, general-purpose software complicates its engineering assimilation and implementation into production. The stage of ED numerical simulation modeling based on the finite element method when their investigating and designing is offered to be reduced and cheapened by changing the process of developing a global system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) out of the system of elemental equations. The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm to form global SLAE based on recurrent relations for its coefficients. The study subject is quasi-variable and magneto static vector models of ED electromagnetic processes, electro technical and electromechanical systems. Tasks are: developing of a "regular element", obtaining recurrent relations for global SLAE coefficients. Research methods are: numerical calculations based on the Galerkin's projection-grid method along with the finite element method (FEM). Results are: a seven-point "regular element" for a regular triangulation network from triangular finite elements (FE) of arbitrary shape and rectangular triangles has been developed; recurrent relations for global SLAE coefficients have been determined; a possibility of obtaining engineering techniques for investigating ED with minimal computer's dynamic memory expenses has been shown on the example of calculating a linear induction motor (LIM).

The problem of delivering a payload from orbit without the consumption of jet fuel is considered. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use a reusable space transport system that consists of a satellite in a circular orbit, a weightless tether, a capsule with a payload, and a lower module. The purpose of the paper is to develop a mathematical model of the transport system, and to determine the system's parameters ensuring safe payload descent without entangling the tether. Equations of motion were obtained by Lagrange formalism. The capsule and the lower module were considered as rigid bodies, and the friction force between the capsule and the tether was taken into account. Numerical simulation showed that when the capsule approaches the lower end of the tether, the tether segment under the capsule can transfer into rotation. In turn, this will cause the capsule to stop and entangle the tether. The influence of the mass of the lower module on the dynamics of the system was investigated. The dependence of the entanglement point position on the mass of the module was identified. For safe descent from orbit, the separation of the capsule must occur before it reaches this dangerous point.

The article deals with the problem of cleaning cooling lubricants involved in technological processes of parts machining. As a result of cutting, drilling, grinding, cooling lubricants are contaminated with extraneous impurities. The most dangerous for the quality of products and equipment are magnetic particles of various sizes. One of the cleaning methods is a magnetic sump, which will reduce the mass-dimensional parameters of the system on retention of a high degree of purification. An analysis of existing designs is made and it is shown how the configuration of the magnetic field affects the kinetics of the motion of impurities in cooling lubricants. Experimental dependencies of the deposition rate for different orientations of floccules formed as a result of the effect of a magnetic field on particles are found. The coefficient of drag of the floccules is found from the number of particles. It is proved that the use of only the shape factor and the equivalent diameter is not enough for calculations.

This article examines the influence of laser heat treatment of nitrocementation steel on the phase composition, structure and hardness of surface layers. It is shown that the combined heat treatment of steels – nitrocementation and laser hardening allows to provide high wear resistance of surface layers of steel.

On the basis of the mechanics fundamental provisions the high-speed cycle machines mechanical system joints backlashes are shown to be shifted. This is the impact process in which the dynamic reactions joints become greater by the values of kinetic and static reactions and it should be taken into account when carrying out the engineering calculations of machine elements. The importance of determining the impact speed as the criterion for the impact zone materials plastic deformation starting is represented. For reducing the impact process harmful influence on the joints potential, the wide use of engineering solutions concerning the automatic adjustment of developing joints backlashes is recommended.

A universal technique to transform general mechanical systems in rotative ones with a constant equivalent inertial characteristic is proposed. The technique is based on attaching of a kinematic chain with a program change of inertial characteristic to a reduction link. The inertial characteristic in addition to the main one forms the reduction link with a constant equivalent moment of inertia. Such modification of a mechanical drive eliminates parametric power drive excitation, reduces the level of dynamic load in links and drive joints, that results in reliability and system resource improvement.

A design approach of mechanical systems with adaptation property to actual parameters is developed. In particular, a design of a flat-belt Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) with a variable transfer function depending on the level of a transformed power flow is proposed. This is achieved by means of a control chain, built in directly in auto CVT's pulley. It is shown that if the control chain is built in both CVT's pulleys, then in a broad range of external loading change, the chain can be executed on the basis of resilient elements with a linear characteristic. It is shown that if the control chain is built in both CVT's pulleys, then in a broad range of external loading change, the chain can be executed on the basis of resilient elements with a linear characteristic.

The development of methods and means of non-destructive products testing in various industries is an actual task. The subject of this study is non-destructive testing of the solvents mass transfer processes in products made from anisotropic porous materials (PM) and the diffusion coefficient determination. The known methods for determining the diffusion coefficient in anisotropic porous media are developed for canonical forms. This leads to the necessity of destroying products for making experimental samples from them of a given configuration and size. The purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic method that allows us quickly determine the diffusion coefficient in products from anisotropic porous materials without destroying them. The method is designed to investigate the diffusion coefficient of solvents, for example, in reinforced building elements from materials having a porous structure. The task of constructing the method mathematical model is solved. The influence of the design and operating measuring device parameters on the accuracy of the determining diffusion coefficient is studied. A theoretical estimate of the error in the measurement result was made. The results of the method application are presented.

In the article an analytical study of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is carried out. The mathematical model describing the electrical properties of the fuel element is given. A distinctive feature of a PEMFC is its increased sensitivity to changes in fuel parameters and a lower one – to changes from outside of the element-oxidant. During operation of the system with a fuel cell a number of accidents, for example caused by a decrease in the rate of the supplied oxidant, is possible. For the simulation of the system operation modes a simulation model in the software environment Matlab/Simulink is developed. Using the model, the possible emergency modes of operation are identified, the possibility of compensation for reducing the rate of the oxidant consumption by increasing the concentration of oxygen in it is investigated. Recommendations for individual and mutual regulation of oxidant parameters and ranges of their concentration are developed.

The problem of exponential spline interpolation of functions having large gradients in the exponential boundary layer is considered. The spline of the class C²[0,1] is constructed as the sum of a polynomial of the second degree and a boundary-layer function on each grid interval. Estimates of the error in the approximation of a function and its derivatives are obtained. These estimates are uniform in small parameter. The limiting behavior of the exponential spline is investigated, when the perturbing parameter tends to infinity or to zero. In the first case, the spline becomes cubic, and in the second case it becomes parabolic. The results of numerical experiments are presented.

Producing ammonia correction propulsion system (CPS) elements for maneuvering satellite platforms (MSP) of small space vehicles (SSV) is a relevant problem. The investigation is devoted to the solution of the named problem with the use of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method. The research objective is to confirm the feasibility of manufacturing ETMT and CPS evaporator with autonomous heating elements (AHE) by DMLS method, based on the prototypes experimental testing. During the research the following tasks were solved: creating 3D models for ETMT and double-threaded evaporator and producing experimental prototypes by DMSL method. 3D models of ETMT and evaporator casings were developed following the prototypes produced by the conventional methods of turning and milling. 3D models of ETMT and evaporator casings represent complex integral parts with multiple passages for working medium flow. Experimental studies of ETMT and the evaporator were performed with nitrogen as a working medium. ETMT and evaporator temperature characteristics were determined during the experiments. The investigation was made of ETMT with nominal thrust of 30 mN and power consumption in the range of 5-60 W with and without heat insulation. AHE with embedded thermocouples, having the diameter of 6 mm and power consumption of 60 W, was used. AHE temperature was limited by 973 K. A double-threaded evaporator was investigated for power consumption of 5-30 W, the evaporator casing temperature limited by 393 K. The maximal increase in the gas temperature equaled no more than 8.6 % at the nozzle exit in the power consumption range of 10-60 W for ETMT with heat insulation. At ETMT power consumption of 5–50 W, the build-up time for ETMT was 400–600 s. While at power consumption of 50–60 W, it was 200–400 s. At power consumption of 10–30 W, the evaporator casing temperature reached 393 K in 100–340 s, AHE temperature being 400–460 K and the gas temperature at the evaporator throttle exit being no more than 290 K. At power consumption of 5 W, the maximum evaporator casing temperature of 375 K was reached in 1200 s, AHE temperature being 370 K and the gas temperature at the evaporator throttle exit being no more than 302 K.

The problem of DEM contact models choice is described in the article. An analysis of the input data calibration, including a choosing the contact model, is performed. The main theoretical positions of the most popular models are considered, their comparison is made on the basis of a specially designed stand. Description and justification of the designed stand are considered. The analysis of the obtained results is carried out. Recommendations on the choice of the DEM contact model are given. The results show that it is time-efficient to use non-linear contact model for future model calibration.

Intensive development of space technology, chemical and electronic industries, modern machine-building industries requires creation of antifriction materials with significantly higher tribotechnical properties. Ceramic materials based on aluminium oxide and formed in a microarc discharge plasma on the surfaces of aluminium parts are very promising. However they can not work in friction nodes without lubrication and intensive cooling. Their antifriction properties might be improved by including micro-and nanoscale particles of an antifriction filler in a ceramic matrix to obtain ceramic coatings with solid lubricant properties. The authors consider the basics of the original microarc technology that makes it possible to obtain new composite solid lubricating coatings, which consist of various aluminium oxides, as well as solid lubricant dispersed inclusions, such as graphite, molybdenum disulphide and magnetite. They also analyse the effect of inclusion of highly dispersed filler particles from a colloidal electrolyte on the coating formation process. In order to improve the quality of coatings, it is suggested to use filler particles coated with solvated shells. An electrochemical installation for obtaining a composite coating has been improved to create an increased concentration of dispersed phase particles in the coated sample surface area. The paper investigates tribotechnical properties of the obtained wear-resistant oxide coatings on an aluminium alloy. It is shown that the inclusion of special dispersed particles in its composition can ensure a stable and continuous operation of a friction unit, reduction of a friction coefficient and linear wear under conditions of lubricant deficit. A ceramic coating with a molybdenum disulphide has shown the highest antifriction characteristics.

The paper deals with a powerful low-frequency surface source of seismic waves with an electrohydraulic drive and a force closure in the "inertial mass-soil system". A mathematical model of a hydromechanical vibromodule is developed, and according to the computer simulation, an estimate of the seismic wave generation efficiency is given as well as the operating modes are determined for signals reproduction over a wide range of frequencies and shapes.

Monitoring systems, as systems for observing the state of objects, usually operate with data of some common nature, which can be successfully described further proposed hierarchical model. The initial data of observations, that is, the data of a certain subject area, which in the future presuppose the conduct of statistical studies over them, as a rule, are homogeneous in nature and, in most cases, are described in terms of descriptors and objects. On this basis, it is possible to build a fairly universal hierarchical model of data storage, focused on their subsequent statistical processing, which, in turn, can serve as an information core for building a specialized information system. The paper proposes a method of evaluating the effectiveness of descriptions of the structures having a natural hierarchy presents a study of the proposed features on the subject of production optimization problems.

Brownian motion driven by thermal fluctuations play an important role in the work of nanomachines and in single-molecule pulling experiments. Some problems in this field are reduced to the so-called Kramers problem concerning the decay rate of a quasistationary state. Provided all Brownian particles start their motion from the potential minimum, the rate increases in time reaching a quasistationary value. We model the process of decay using the Langevin equations. This modeling makes it possible identifying the transient time required for the rate to reach its quasistationary value. We compare the numerical transient times with those known from the literature. It turns out that the difference reaches up to 70% in the case of weak friction. Increasing friction results in decreasing this difference. In order to make our results useful for a larger audience, we present them in the dimensionless form.

In the article, ways of increasing wear resistance of rolling mills bearing units under conditions of sliding friction are studied. The working surfaces of these details need the surface hardening. Since the details of the bearing units are traditionally made of 45 grade steel, we have studied the features of the formation of the structure and properties of the steel of this grade after plasma hardening without surface reflow. Variation of microstructure depending on hardening regimes was investigated. The microstructure of the steel in the hardening zone was studied by X-ray diffraction and metallographic methods. The possibility of increasing the operational properties of rolling mills bearing units using of plasma hardening of rubbing surfaces was shown.

An approach to the random perturbations simulation is considered for performing in the design of control systems for thermal power facilities. In order to take into account the stochastic nature of the technological processes, we proposed the simulation technique that allows us to superimpose random fluctuations on the deterministic model of the control system. To simulate random changes in process parameters, we synthesized the shaping filter that generates a random signal with the required autocovariance function. The developed technology allows us to adequately model the technological processes characterized by the action of random perturbations. This is especially important if the requirements for control quality are high. We have experimentally confirmed the suitability of the developed technology by performing control system simulation using MATLAB / Simulink.

The paper deals with studying qualitative and quantitative relationships between constructive decisions of mirror segments of parabolic antenna and dynamic characteristics for both individual segments and ready-assembled reflector. It is shown the influence stressed state induced by thermal deformation to natural modes and frequencies of free oscillations of mirror segments. There are justified constructive decisions of the mirror to ensure low sensitivity of dynamic characteristics to service temperature conditions.

In this work we investigate a decidability problem of group version of the knapsack problem for Baumslag-Solitar group BS(p, q). We proved, that the knapsack problem is decidable for group BS(p, q) for coprime integers p > 1, q > 1. In the case when p = 1, q ∈ , we proved that knapsack problem is decidable for group BS(1, q) with some restriction on the input of the problem. However, the problem of the decidability of the knapsack problem for group BS(1, q) on the whole set of inputs remains open.

This paper presents the new construction - spherical helical platform and the method for obtaining spherical helical surface used in the desiging of new platforms. This platforms intended to serve an inner surface of the spherical tank. The mathematical models for external and internal contour of helical platform are presented in this paper. The outer and inner contours of the helical platform are obtained by intersecting the curve of the helicoid with the curves of the sphere and the ellipsoid.

This work explores the regimes of thermal treatment of corrosion-resistant coatings obtained by surfacing with a flux-cored wire with carbide-boride-nitride doping. It was found that tempering at a temperature of 800 degrees Celsius reduces the hardness of the metal to acceptable values for machining. To increase the hardness of the metal after tempering, it was suggested to perform quenching at a temperature of 1020 degrees Celsius. Carrying out such heat treatment ensures the hardness of the metal practically coinciding with the hardness of the metal after surfacing.

The paper proposes the new quality assessment criteria of resulting mixture for effectively used unit of mixed products enabling to consider the deviation of all the mix components taking into account the share of each component in the mixture. Quantitative requirements for stability of the dosing devices of mixing apparatus are determined for the specified allowable value of dispersion.

Based on transdisciplinarity research, using the provisions of the geonics, modern composite materials have been developed that can effectively replace steel parts in mechanical engineering. The composite material was prepared by the joint grinding of cement (55%), ash of acid composition (40%) and limestone (5%) to a specific surface area of 550 kg / m², with an activity of 70.2 MPa. It was found that the combined effect of mechanical and chemical activation promotes an increase in the pozzolanic activity of acid ash, has a catalytic effect on the reaction activity of the fly ash the Ordinary Portland cement and the limestone crushed waste surfaces during machining in a vario-planetary mill. Thus, in the process of operation of equipment with concrete and reinforced concrete elements, their significant production advantages, determined by the improvement of the precision, strength and other parameters of the machines, due to the use of new materials, will be revealed.

The article outlines conceptual and derivative formal models that provide means for estimation of operational properties of agile systems operation with regard to the use of information technologies. The estimation is fulfilled analytically through plotting the dependences of predicted values of operational properties against variables and options of solved tasks. To develop this type of models, the use of information technologies during agile systems functioning is analyzed through a technological agile system. General concepts and principles of modeling of information technology use during operation of agile systems are defined. An exemplary modeling of effects of technological informative and related technological non-informative operations of technological agile systems operation is provided. Based on conceptual models of operation of agile systems with regard to information technologies use, set-theoretical models followed by functional models of agile systems operation using information technologies are introduced. The examples of calculated factors of agile system operational properties and information technologies use are given. The obtained results allow to evaluate predicted values of agile systems operational properties and information technologies use; they help to analytically estimate the efficiency of implementation of new information technologies depending on variables and options in solved tasks.

The article is devoted to the topical problem of the reliability of measurements of geometrical specifications of technical products. The purpose of this article is to improve the quality control of the linear dimensions of the parts by the two-point measurement method. The goal of the article is the study of advanced methodical uncertainties of measurement of linear dimensions of plane-parallel prismatic elements. The method of research is geometric modeling of deviations of the element surfaces form and position in the rectangular coordinate system. The research was carried out for various executive elements with regard to their information content corresponding to the classes of kinematic pairs in the theory of mechanics and the number of constrained degrees of freedom in function of the basic elements. Prismatic elements with informative content 3, 2, 1 and θ (zero) were studied. Uncertainty assessment of two-point measurements were made by comparing the measurements results of linear dimensions and functional dimensions of the element maximum and minimum material constrained by the limits of maximum and minimum. As a result of studies of the two-point measurements accuracy, it is found that the methodical uncertainty is formed when measuring the average size of elements for all types of form deviations. The two-point measurement method cannot account for deviations of the location dimension of the element and therefore its use for items with less than the maximum informativeness creates unacceptably large methodical uncertainties of measurement the maximum, minimum and medium linear sizes. The same methodical uncertainties occur under the arbitration control of the parts linear dimensions by the limit two-point gauges.

The work of nanomachines, which is a contemporary subject of the numerous investigations, is permanently affected by thermal fluctuations. Some aspects of this phenomenon might be reduced to the so-called Kramers problem concerning the decay rate of a metastable state. In the present work we compare the result of computer modelling, performed by solving the Langevin equations, with the analytical formulas for the decay rate for the case of energy diffusion regime (relatively small values of the friction strength). Qualitatively the agreement between these two approaches is rather good. However, the quantitative analysis reveals a difference of 10-20% which depends upon the thermal energy of the system.

Theoretical and practical aspects of building software architecture for energy efficient control of MIMO systems on a set of functioning states are considered. The control systems are classified depending on the nature of changes in the functioning state variable and the possibility of its identification on the control interval. The specifics of software implementation for the systems of various classes are shown. The software is structured with the allocation of functional subsystems and modules. The generalized software architecture for energy efficient control systems on a set of functioning states is proposed.

For improving the bearing capacity of the foundations on cast-in-place friction piles, the well walls local soil compaction technology is proposed to be used. The idea of the local soil compaction technology is to form the well having a cross-section different from the traditional round one. The application prospects theoretical justification of the shortened hypocycloid as a cast-in-place friction pile cross-section shape was carried out. The possibility of the cast-in-place friction pile bearing capacity considerable improvement is shown. The pile bearing capacity as compared to the traditional circle section without additional costs can theoretically be increased by the value of up to 80%. The basic arrangement of the attached working body for forming the well having a cross section in the shortened hypocycloid shape is presented. The proposed technical solution application when constructing foundations only in housing construction will make it possible to save annually on the piles material over 400 million rubles.

The Industry 4.0 production division base is cyber and physical systems. They function automatically using some additive technologies, the Internet of things technology, sensors technologies and etc. To project the cyber and physical production divisions they can use some mathematical models based on Petri nets. The Petri nets let describe and research discrete events processes which are a part of cyber and physical production division. A Petri net structure is given to describe production processes in the Industry 4.0 devices designing company. The Petri net model is done in the environment VisualPetri 1.2.

This article presents a mathematical model describing interindustry industrial interrelation. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the production structure in the context of innovative products. The imitation model of using of the innovative intermediate product at the stage of production of gross regional product is developed on the basis of the research. This model allows to predict the volume of output of innovative intermediate product taking into account the need for production of new goods in the first phase of their life cycle.

In the basis of equations of the mechanics of multiphase media a mathematical model of injection of hydrogen sulfide in liquid state into a porous medium saturated with water and oil is constructed. The dependence of the coordinate and temperature of the front of formation of hydrogen sulfide hydrate on the flow rate of hydrogen sulfide injection was studied. It is established that at rather high intensity of injection of hydrogen sulfide temperature on border of phase transitions can rise above the equilibrium temperature of dissociation of hydrogen sulfide hydrate.

In this article, in a planar one-dimensional approximation, we examine the problem of injecting gaseous carbon dioxide into a porous formation saturated in its initial state with methane and its hydrate. On the basis of the equations of multiphase systems mechanics, a mathematical model of the formation of CO₂ hydrate from methane gas hydrate is constructed, acknowledging the real properties of gases. It is shown that the formation of carbon dioxide hydrate can occur in two regimes: 1) with the formation of an area saturated with methane and water, or 2) without water at all. It has been established that the main parameters determining the hydrate formation regimes are: the formation permeability, the parameters of the injected gas, and the initial parameters of the system. Here, we construct and analyze critical diagrams separating these two modes.

One of the ways of improving the calculations accuracy of the stationary objects and vehicles protection systems from vibrations and impacts is taking into account the influence of heat exchange processes with the environment occurring in the rubber-cord cased pneumatic elements and obeying Fourier's law of heat conduction and Newton's heat-transfer law. In the conducted study, the heat transfer coefficient values on the pneumatic element walls in the natural convection conditions are defined experimentally. The test bench, testing technique and used measuring instruments which are the heat flux sensors with the internal thermocouple are described. The heat transfer coefficient on the rubber-cord casing curved surface and on the metal flanges flat ones is found out to assume constant values being sufficient for practical application in the operating temperature range based on the process data. When applying the heat exchangers technical theory methods for the pneumatic elements calculation, it is acceptable to consider as a first approximation that the heat transfer coefficient has the identical values on all outer surfaces of the pneumatic element.

The article regards formation processes of activation and dissipative energy flows under ion-plasma sputtering of coatings. It proposes an advanced system of ionic-plasma processing with the activation of the processed surface by high voltage pulses of electric potential. The authors carry out the experimental evaluation of tribological properties for the samples with coatings and study the features of their surface damage. It is established that the topokompozitny coverings, containing high-disperse nanodimensional clusters reduce probability of brittle destruction during an initial stage of operation of tribocouplings. They show that the use of high-frequency pulse oscillations under ion-plasma sputtering decreases friction ratio and increases wear resistance of coatings.

A comparative analysis of three different methods of damping cargo plane oscillations at the approach of the lifting body of the overhead crane to the point of delivery: using a proportional-integral-derivative controller for speed load, using proportional-integral-differential regulator for moving cargo and the braking point of suspension of cargo with constant acceleration. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of each method, the recommended range of applications.

An approach for modeling the temperature distribution in optomechanical thermal microsystems is presented. Three types of the microsystems are considered: microsystem with two supporting microbeams in adjacent corners of the microplate; microsystem with two supporting microbeams in opposite corners of the microplate; microsystem with four supporting microbeams. In the structure of each type of the microsystems, the modeling domains are marked out, which are divided into zones with homogeneous equivalent parameters. Analytical expressions for the temperature distribution in the zones of optomechanical thermal microsystems are obtained. The method of modeling was used to determine the temperature distribution in bi-material sections in cantilever microbeams in the optomechanical thermal microsystems under consideration. The dependence of the temperature difference on the boundaries of the bi-material section on the thickness of the aluminum layer in this section was determined.

Dynamic interaction of machine and equipment parts and elements is a widespread process. Therefore, simulation and analysis of these processes are relevant tasks. To study impact interaction, a mechanorheological viscoelastic plastic model was developed. The force in the beginning of plastic deformations is an important model parameter. However, previous researches were carried out under impact loading of the model. They assumed that the plastic deformation occurs along with the elastic one. However, impact processes are more sophisticated. At first, only elastic deformations occur. When stresses achieve a yield point, plastic deformations occur. Therefore, the influence of the force on the model impact interaction dynamics is of great interest. The results let us draw the following conclusions. At the loading stage, when a viscoelastic model transforms into a viscoelastic plastic model, plastic deformations decrease the impact force and rebound height. Due to plastic deformations, the surface becomes more flexible, the impact duration increases body braking acceleration and inertia decrease. It leads to the decrease in the dynamic load and rebound height.The research results can be used for further development of methods for calculating model parameters, enhancing impact process simulation accuracy and reliability.

The paper is devoted to the issue of active large space debris removal. The contactless method of influencing space debris through the ion flow is considered. The main advantage of this method is absence of a dangerous and complex stage of space debris capturing or docking. In this study, the project "Ion Beam Shepherd" was taken as a basis. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of the atmosphere in LEO on the space debris behaviour during its removal. The equations of plane motion of space debris under the action of the ion beam, gravitational and aerodynamic forces and torques were obtained using Lagrange formalism. For calculation ion beam force and torque the self-similar model of ion engine plume exploration and fully diffused reflection model of ions interaction with the surface were used. Simulation of deorbiting the spent upper stage of the Cosmos 3M rocket was carried out. Phase portraits of the rocket stage attitude motion for various heights were constructed and analysed. It was shown that the motion of the stage around its centre of mass has a noticeable effect on the average ion beam force and descent time.

High reliability is required for the deployment of the transformable structures as this process is crucial for successful spacecraft mission. Computational evaluation of the reliability parameters for the deployment is of a great importance as it is not possible to fully reproduce the real conditions of outer space during ground-based tests. The presented approach to estimate the probability of failure-free deployment is based on the condition of exceeding the driving torque over the resisting moment at each of the angular positions of the structure. The approach was used to compute the reliability functions for deployment of a space reflector. The calculations were carried out based on kinematic and dynamic analysis of the structure.

The high speed rotation of ≥10 turn/s details with intermittent surfaces when machining on grinding machines and small time tabs detail past the tip with a duration of less than 1-5 ms necessitates synchronization of the measurements in the active control devices (ACD) depending on the current position of the ridge and it lateral approach. The implementation of optical methods to control the shape of details and high-precision measurement of movements are also in demand in the ACD. The use of sapphire tips allows to solve three problems simultaneously: to create an asymmetric lateral optical flow to determine the lateral approach of the ridge of the detail, to use the tip as a reflector to measure the movements of the 1_x, and to form a cut-off border to control the shape of the product.

The article presents two optical ACD schemes implementing these capabilities with amplitude conversion of the optical signal and phase synchronization of the output signal frequency with the rotation of the detail. The conditions for ensuring a small roughness of the surface of the sapphire tip R_z under active control of the detail dimensions and the peculiarities of the formation of refractive and reflected optical flows with the help of it are considered. It is shown that the small roughness of the surface of the sapphire tip R_z≤0,1 μm, ensuring the coherence of the reflected optical flux, is achievable under the condition of a small effort of its clamping to the product ≤3H, which is similar to the processing of sapphire in quasi-plasticity to obtain a faultless surface. The article discusses the optical-mechanical, dynamic and metrological characteristics of the ACD using a laser interferometer movements.

There is a number of models that take into account the market competition in the location theory. Aboulian R. et al. formulated the location and design problem (CFLDP), in which the share of the market being served elastically varies depending on the location. The models with elastic demand are considered to be rather complicated and advantageous. We developed this problem and proposed the new one which combines CFLDP and classical p-median problem. In the given formulation a number of new facilities is fixed and is equal to p, so competitive p-median facility location and design problem (CPFLDP) has been derived. Therefore, the task can be considered as a clustering problem. In this paper we develop local search algorithms for CPFLDP. A computational experiment is carried out, the results are discussed.

The computational experiment showing the structuring of the printing ink, being a highly-filled suspension and possessing the property of thixotropy. The areas of structuring are shown. It is proved that the center of rotation of the structured area, and consequently their radius is little dependent on the ink viscosity and the rotational speed of the ink fountain roller. The volume of the structured area rotating without stirring is calculated, which makes 20% of the volume of the ink can filled with ink by 70%.

The hypothesis on drivers psychophysiological state (PPS) identification before and during driving by dynamic biometric features is analyzed. An experimental evaluation of the reliability of three psychophysiological states identification (normal, drowsiness, alcohol intoxication) in the space of handwritten-signature and voice features was provided.

This paper suggests a model of a hybrid wide neural network based on perceptrons, quadratic form networks and multidimensional difference and hyperbolic Bayes functionals. It is experimentally proved that this model is highly efficient when used for biometric authentication and generation of a digital signature activated biometrically. The paper suggests methods of generating keys of a digital signature and personal authentication by handwritten patterns, a key stroke manner and facial parameters. Comparatively high rates of reliability for taken solutions were achieved that were estimated taking into account the variability of dynamic biometric patterns over time.

Geometrical and computer modeling of the main objects of technical workpieces shaping is considered: envelope, real envelope and removable layers based on the common methodology. The carried out research of two-dimensional surfaces and three-dimensional hyper-surfaces discriminants allowed to offer a definition of the envelope and real envelope families of curvatures and surfaces from a single viewpoint of analytical and numerical methods, respectively. This methodology is developed to perform 3D-modeling by means of CAD tools of both an envelope curvature and removable layers. The obtained surface models are used for analyzing the influence on the envelope shape of the of the of shape parameters profile family of the shaping curvature, as well as the parameter of setting a product relatively to the tool.

In non-circular gears of hydromachines used for transit of oil, fuel-oil residue and water, difference takes place not only between gear teeth profiles, but also between lateral profiles of the same tooth. Profiling of such gears requires application of complex mathematical apparatus. The solution to the inverse task of formation is even more complex in this case. This paper proposes a geometrical model of solution to the task of profiling a non-circular gear, the centroid of which consists of interconnected arcs. It is effective in case all the conditions of formation are met. The proposed automated solid computer-aided modeling of the direct and the inverse tasks of formation realized on virtual imitation level allows us not only to acquire the envelope of the profile, but also to observe the possible formation of transition curves and undercuts. It reveals constructive and technological conditions under which they appear, presents an opportunity to conduct the respective research in order to introduce the required corrections into the kinematic scheme of formation, which results in achieving a high-grade solution to the task of profiling. Automated solid modeling of the inverse task of formation allows us to validate the solution to the allocated task and, if necessary, to refine the initial data and therefore exclude the necessity to conduct the expensive full-scale experiments. The results of the study can be used in non-circular gear design in the field of hydromachines used for transit of oil, fuel-oil residue and water.

We solve the problem of minimization of material and time costs on scaling, deployment and expansion of functionality of the distributed automated information system for monitoring and resources accounting (hereinafter–the system), that have been created for experimental research of complicated transition processes in high-voltage circuits of power supply networks (to 25 kV). The solution of this task became possible by developing the new system architecture (software, technological and information support) and functional modules, considering the geographical distribution and heterogeneity of data channels and transmission technologies used to information exchange between the elements of the system.

We explain the features of the new original architecture for systems of this class, considering the logical division into functional levels: measuring, intermediate storage and processing, data representation for users. We have developed mobile information and measuring complexes that allow making a research of continuous dynamic processes in high-voltage circuits using wireless technologies and independent power supplies. A set of solutions is proposed to provide modularity of the architecture for the rapid addition of new devices and functions using intermediate software environment that is actual for a changing infrastructure and variety of interfaces between the parts of the system. The architectural solutions offered in the paper provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of power losses due to suboptimal operation of electrical substations and electric rolling stock (high and low voltage, power flows between traction substations, losses in step-down transformers, voltage surges due to recuperation, etc.), as well as the formulating of recommendations for improving the energy efficiency of power supply systems. The system can be adapted to various enterprises needing the account of any production resources and technological parameters that can be synchronously measured in real time for research and operational decision-making.

The distinctive features of welding rails in the aluminothermic way are considered. Defects appearing in the process of operation of welded rail seams are indicated. A computer simulation of the aluminothermic welded rail connection cooling process using the LVMFlow software package was carried out. Thermograms were obtained showing the temperature distribution over the cross-section of the rail during cooling. To confirm the results of computer simulation, we conducted field experiments, based on the results of which time-temperature dependences of cooling of the rolling surface of an aluminothermic welded seam were constructed. The time of the surface cooling of the welded seam after welding has been determined to reach a temperature of 600 ° C, which is necessary for grinding.

It is necessary to provide optimal processing conditions for each particular initial workpiece, based on reliable information about the allowances at each transition, during processing on software machines. However, according to the existing methods, the required dimensions of the initial workpiece are determined as a result of the calculation, while the same dimensions can already be known as a result of the control of the workpieces already prepared, i.e., known in advance and should be taken as initial in the calculation. The article presents a method of calculation that solves the given problem, including three main points: calculation of relatively constant dimensional accuracy parameters – technological tolerances, calculation of conditionally variable size-accuracy parameters – allowances and calculation of technological dimensions, ensuring the removal of previously calculated allowances.

Rotating blades of steam turbines and compressors operate in conditions of various damaging factors, including shock-dynamic impacts of liquid droplets contained in steam or in air. One of the most promising ways to reduce damage from water droplet erosion can be the application of the 3D - printing technology that will allow to replace damaged parts of structural elements, as well as cut repair costs and prolonging the service life of the equipment.

The aim of present work was to determine the possibility of using the 3D - printing technology of the turbine blades for use in power engineering. The main task of the work was to check samples of the material obtained by this method for water droplet erosion resistance, which is one of the regulated tests type at the turbine blades design stage.

This paper presented the results of water droplet erosion process experimental studies of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V samples prepared by the method 3D - printing and by the traditional technological process at a collision velocity Cimp = 300 m/s with a monodisperse flow of liquid droplets with a diameter dd = 1000 μm. Erosion tests were carried out by using a set of research equipment URI «Hydroshock rig «Erosion-M» NRU «MPEI». It has been established that the erosion resistance for the incubation period duration of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy samples manufactured by the 3D - printing method is 1.4 times less than for the samples manufactured by the traditional technological process. The data obtained can be used in the future in the development of complex passive methods for protection steam turbines and compressors last stages rotating blades: creation of replaceable erosion-resistant inserts by 3D - printing with a protective coating.

In this work we investigate the group version of the well known knapsack problem (KP) in class of nilpotent groups. We show that there exists the universal input for this problem. In other word it mean that there is the two step nilpotent group G_u and parametric input I_n, where n is natural parameter, such that for any torsion free nilpotent group G and input I for KP there exists a natural number m such that KP for group G_u on input I_m is equivalent to KP for group G on input I.

In the paper "Knapsack problem for groups" A. Myasnikov, A. Nikolaev, and A. Ushakov stated a group version of well known Subset sum and Knapsack problems and many others. Actually they created a new direction of research as intersection of group theory and discrete optimization. They called the new direction as non-commututative optimization. Our work belongs to this new direction. In present paper we show that Subset sum problem is NP-complete for lamplighter group. Our result was obtained by polynomial reduction of well known Exact set cover problem which is strongly NP-complete to Subset sum problem for lamplighter group. As we expected, this result provides a convenient approach to prove NP-completeness of Subset sum problem for a wide class of groups.

In this paper the results of mechanical tests of a biaxial woven composite are presented. This material was used for a new design of deployable precision space antenna reflector of large aperture. The experiments included standard tensile tests at low, normal and high temperatures, compression and shear tests. An additional nonstandard bending test was performed to determine the smallest radius of curvature that a specimen could withstand without fracture. The experiments showed the perspectives for the use of the studied composite in the reflector structure. The determined mechanical properties can be used for numerical modeling of the reflector behavior.

The article presents a short design algorithm for an effective vibration protection system of the human-operator of a special-purpose vehicle based on the principle of external disturbances compensation. The authors regard the results of its tests with random, deterministic and impact actions, which show that in the low-frequency range the maximum efficiency is 26 dB in acceleration and up to 46,69 dB on impact. The data are obtained which will allow to make timely changes in the design of the seat suspension of a special-purpose vehicle at the stage of its design.

Many modern models of informational defence represents by graphs and partial orders (posets). It is very important to resolve such algorithmic problems as searching of elements that satisfies some conditions (or, another words, to resolve recognition problems) in this models. Algebraic geometry is resolving such problems and searches elements that is solution of system of equations. But systems could be infinite. In this article we're formulating the condition for poset that every infinite system under such posets can be reduce to finite system and still be equivalent to origin system.

We prove that for any compact simple Lie group G and any nonidentity element g of G the subset of h ∈ G, for which g, h topologically generate G, is nonempty and Zariski open in G. A connected compact Lie group G satisfies 1.5-generation property iff it is simple or abelian. Any compact simple Lie group G has a conjugacy class C such that for every nontrivial elements g₁,g₂ of G there exists y ∈ C so that $\overline{\langle {g}_{1},\,y\rangle }=\overline{\langle {g}_{2},\,y\rangle }=G$. In particular, the generating graph of G has diameter 2.

The limits of using a mathematical model of contact interaction of elastic bodies, based on the Hertz's solution in engineering practice are defined. Numerical investigation of the contact of a massive body and a shell has been conducted when the parameters of the latter vary. Three-dimensional finite-element models of contacting bodies have been developed in the case of different curvatures and thicknesses of the shell walls. A solution of the normal contact problem is given by the force method for various configuration models of the shell. Ratios of the geometric parameters of models the finite-element schemes of the contacting bodies are ere determined where the problem is described with sufficient accuracy by the Hertz's solution.

Cable XLPE-insulation operation capability and reliability highly depends on its insulation condition. Statistical analysis showed that more than 70% of cable technological disturbances are insulation breakdowns, caused by insulation aging or poor quality of cable jointing. This paper is devoted to the cable XLPE-insulation aging under the influence of electro-thermal stress. The goal of the research is to develop the technique of cable insulation residual life calculation. Theoretical and experimental research was carried out for this goal. During theoretical research Kuchinsky insulation aging model was considered and statistical research of cable insulation breakdown was performed. Experimental research of cable insulation accelerated electro-thermal aging was carried out. XLPE-insulated cable samples were exposed to the influence of temperature and voltage above rated. The results of theoretical and experimental research showed that partial discharge dependence on electric field has variable coefficients and requires an additional research, taking all possible influencing factors into account.

The mathematical model of a game task in which conflicting parties act and make decisions in conditions of incomplete information about the behavior of participants in the game. The attacked side has a hardware-redundant dynamic system, which is not only resource of protection from enemy attacks, but also the resources of the active influence on the probability of finding an attacker in the appropriate States of the attack. It is believed that the behavior of warring parties approximarely Markov process. The solution of the considered differential game is reduced to a multi-step matrix game and its sequential solution at intervals of discretization with constant average probabilities of finding the attacker on these intervals. When solving a problem use numerical and analytical methods.

Generally accepted methods for processing symbolic sequences existing nowadays do not take into account the arrangement of components in those sequences or do it in an inefficient way. In this paper, we propose the development of previously presented means of formal order analysis (FOA). In particular, two new methods of order transformation are proposed here: the secondary order (the high order or the order derivative) and the dissimilar order. First method takes into account not only the intervals between the individual elements, but also the arrangement of the intervals themselves. And the second method takes into account the order of elements occurrences. Algorithms and software for implementing the above transformations are presented. Software approbation is carried out, and adequacy for study of the arrangement of components in symbolic sequences (on the example of nucleotide sequences) is shown.

Loading of cogwheels of the high-loaded transfers to the start-up moment is considered. It is shown that at torque transfer on a surface of a nave of a cogwheel are generated and extend in material in the radial direction of a wave of tension of torsion. The equations for definition of distribution of tension of torsion on the radius of a cogwheel and for definition of a torsion torque on an outer surface of a cogwheel at the time of the beginning of its rotational motion are received. It is shown that thus overloads have more considerable sizes, than used at modern calculations. Results of calculations for specific input data allow us to draw a conclusion that the dynamic torsion torque at start-up is more, than a rated torsion torque more than twice.

This article discusses a method for the measurement of the root-mean-square circles of the important cylindrical surfaces of large-scale shafts. The method allows the realization of the measurement directly on the machine by the use of the results of measuring the radial runout of the relevant cross-sections of the shaft and of one attached to the shaft forehead etalon ring which has pre-calibrated both the diameter and as well as its roundness deviation. The main sources of uncertainty have been analysed.

The measurement of geometric parameters (diameters and deviations of the shape and position) of large-sized details such as "ring" with the intended purpose is explored. The measurement system is built on the basis of a vertical turning machine, universal measuring instruments of linear displacement, specialized measuring instruments and the special software and allows to measure the respective parameters directly on the production machine. The developed measuring procedures are based on the determination of the deviation of the form and the position from the results of the radial and axial runout, with or without exclusion of the errant runout. In the first case, these results are brought to the virtual datum (axis) by introducing the appropriate corrections.

Quality requirements for the manufacturing parts made of hard-to-machine materials with cutting tools are quite high. At the same time, modern carbide cutting tools are not always able to maintain working capacity throughout the entire mechanical operation, providing these requirements. The article considers test results of replaceable carbide plates during finish processing of a heat resistant alloy. Carbide plates were sharpened with ultra high speed grinding, and then hardened with Al-Si-N coating, which made it possible to obtain tool blade sharpness ρ = 3...5 μm and to achieve resistance several times higher compared to a similar tool.

In recent years, due to the applications in theoretical informatics, the researches on finite combinatorics (graphs, directed graphs, partial orders, and so on) and the applications of these studies in the economy, in the social sphere and in statistical physics have been intensively developing. The main objective is to present the latest mathematical studies on formal languages, large networks, finite c ombinatorics a nd m odel t heory t o a w ide r ange of researchers involved in the development of economic and social models, information security models, the growth of the Internet models, and so on, for whom, by the author's opinion, such the studies would be useful.

This work is devoted to the research of thermal deformation of segments in a parabolic reflector mirror in connection with the limitations determined by the radio frequency range of antenna operation. The thermal deformation analysis is performed based on the results of a numerical solution of the coupled problem of stationary thermal conductivity under conditions of radiation-convective heat transfer and thermoelasticity. A comparative analysis of five form factors of mirror segments was performed, which allowed choosing its preferred configuration.

For sound insulation in the presence of restrictions related to transportation and installation conditions, practically the only possible constructive solution is the use of flexible panels. Also, the flexible panel provides reliable protection in the most difficult area - low frequencies, so modernization of the panel design is an actual topic for research. The object of the study is a mesh-plate panel. Flexibility is ensured by the following constructive solution - fixing the main soundproofing plates on a steel mesh bearing with basalt fabric with a gap. The sound insulation of the panel has been investigated experimentally. The goal is to develop analytical techniques evaluation flexible sound insulation panels based on the fundamental positions of industrial and architectural acoustics, sound insulation, and synthesis of published experimental studies of the effect of gaps (acoustic holes and voids). The calculation results are consistent with tests insulation panels manufactured at a sufficient level. As a result, it was described how the sound insulation of the panel is affected by the size, shape and filling of acoustic holes in the gap between the plates. Suggested ways to reduce their negative impact and optimize the design of a flexible soundproof panel.

The article gives a review of existing methods of network-on-chip design based on the approach in which mapping of the characteristic tasks graph is performed on a given regular topology. The networks-on-chip synthesis problem is generally characterized. The analysis and comparison of standard topologies (mesh and torus) with circulant topologies are performed. Advantages and disadvantages of mesh and torus topologies usage, and the effect, achieved by their application to various implementations of networks on chip, are analyzed. Extension of the scope of solutions for standard regular network topologies mesh and torus on the circulant topologies with better characteristics is proposed. This will make it possible to take advantage of the deterministic approach, but with the use of more effective NoC topologies optimized for a particular task.

Ladner in 1975 proved that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP, which are not decidable in polynomial time and not NP-complete. Kapovich, Myasnikov, Schupp and Shpilrain in 2003 developed a theory of generic-case complexity. Generic-case approach considers an algorithmic problem on "most" of inputs instead of all domain and ignores its behaviour on the rest of inputs. In this paper we prove a generic analog of the Ladner's theorem: If P ≠ NP and P = BPP, then there exists a set S ∈ NP, such that S is not strongly generically decidable in polynomial time and not generically NP-complete. Supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant 17-11-01117.

Calibrated tuning samples of compression joints with an interference of 29, 72, 126 μm were developed and manufactured. The samples were tested by ultrasonic control with an pulse echo technique. The coefficients of reflection of longitudinal waves from the boundary of the parts of different values of interference are experimentally determined under real operating conditions at frequencies of 2.5, 5 and 10 MHz.

Possible methods of attachments improvement of grain cleaning machines by means of mobilization factors, influencing direct on qualitative and quantitative separation are represented. Graphical dependences of grain separation completeness from the parameters of sieve vibration for different values of specific loads are also given. Basic relationships intensified the separation process of grain on the sieve, making transverse fluctuations has been detected according to the classical experiment results, as well as the influence of more important factors by the results of sieving experiment on separation completeness as on optimization criteria. The range vibrations of significant factors is also proved.

Currently, the main tool of quality management at the enterprises of various industries are statistical methods of quality management. In the literature, mostly on examples of the successful application of control charts for dimensions. More sophisticated measures of quality details not given. The article illustrates a practical application of control charts applied to technologically sophisticated measure of the accuracy of the key indicator affecting the operation of the engine - radial runout of valve seat cylinder head. Data of measurements made in accordance with the standard metrological definitions are processed in the software product "Attestator". As a result, identify the potential percentage of possible marriage, revealed the existence of special reasons to change the values of individual indicators, the index of reproducibility and stability of the process, the decision about the certification process, but the factors of the process that need to be addressed to improve the quality of the products is not revealed. A universal methodology consisting of four steps, the implementation of which allows to develop such a scheme of measurement, which significantly improves the search performance of important technological factors. For example, the same technological operations and the accuracy rate shows the application of the methods. The result of the survey revealed two main factors of the process is bending of the boring bar and the error of the satellite-based suppression will significantly improve the quality of manufacturing of parts.

Authors of some studies point out the need of taking into account the state of employee to reduce the risk that he will cause damage to organization including information resources. An assessment of psychophysiological state is possible on the basis of the dynamic parameters of a signature. Etalons creation of handwritten signature for each state significantly complicates the formation of an etalons base of subjects. The purpose of the study is to provide a mechanism for the formation of subjects etalons in different states without the need to collect of handwritten signature in each states. To achieve the goal we should solve the problem of finding the regularity of the signature parameters changes while changing the states of signers. We develop a model of changing signature parameters depending on the state based on the discovered regularities. We compared the accuracy of the obtained model by estimating the probabilities of erroneous decisions obtained in the experiment of states recognition using etalons obtained in a natural way and using a model. To carry out the research, we used the apparatus of probability theory and mathematical statistics. This included using the multidimensional Bayes functional and Bayes hypothesis formula. As a result the author describes the model of biometric etalons of handwritten signatures of the user. The model assumes the use of formulas and calculated coefficients for calculating the distribution of signature features characteristics in the changed state from the values of the signature features in the normal state. The introduction of this model will significantly simplify the procedure for obtaining the etalons in changed state The mentioned above model can find applications in systems of dynamic biometric identification.

When designing and operating machine-building facilities, their operation reliability is significant. The quantitative measure of reliability is production risks. The article proposes a mathematical model to determine probabilities of unfavorable events: the occurrence of a risk factor at a given time interval at some point in time; a worker's exposure at a given workplace in the adverse event area; negative changes in the worker's ability to fulfill his production duties. The technique to define production risks based on the knowledge of likelihood of adverse events occurrence is resulted. Examples of the application method for solving safety management problems of a typical technological operation of assembling an all-in-one connection have been presented.

Using the basic ideas of universal algebraic geometry, we define a distance function on the set of quantifier-free formulas. We explain the general definition by two examples (partial orders and feature selections) and prove basic facts about the distance in such examples.

In this paper, we study equations in one variable over Brandt semigroup B_n. We show that the average number of solutions of these equations is asymptotically equal to n². We prove that the proportion of unsolvable equations is asymptotically equal to $\frac{2}{{n}^{2}}$.

The paper considers programs and devices of augmented reality, examines the general environments and methods of software development and the rationale for their selection. The work describes in detail the operating principle of the software, the pattern recognition algorithm, the UML class diagram, the UML usage diagram, and the architecture of the 3D rendering engine and a description of its operation. An example of practical application of software with pattern recognition is offered. The paper examines the impact of virtual reality on human health, as well as the problem of assimilation of educational material in preschool education. To solve the problem, various algorithms for the program are proposed. Based on the conducted studies, it was decided to create the software for the experiment on the basis of developed algorithms for preschool education. The results of the work can be used for further research in the field of expanded reality, for new developments in this field and improvement of the quality of education.

The article is devoted to investigation of the vibration protection system based on pneumatic rubber-cord devices. The device and principle of operation of the combined vibration protection system with the use of rubber-cord shells as power elements are presented. The analysis of the developed mathematical model is carried out. New methods of construction and algorithms for controlling the active vibration protection system are investigated on the created experimental complex. The results obtained at the experimental complex are presented and analyzed. The study of the developed mathematical model of combined vibration protection system with throttle control of gas pressure in power cells has shown its efficiency in the low-frequency range. The evaluation of the quality of the combined vibration protection system using integral criteria has shown its effectiveness up to 40% in comparison with the passive vibration protection system with harmonic excitation. The obtained test results have a discrepancy in the low-frequency region of the operating range with mathematical modeling data at the level of 10%.

In this article a new interpretation of the pattern recognition problem is proposed, in accordance with the problem the own domain of pattern (image) classes are gravitational fields generated by immovable objects (classes of patterns) that propagate in the feature space. A measure of proximity is proposed for calculating the 'attractive force' of the pattern to existing templates in the feature space, which can work with both strongly dependent features and with independent ones. A network of gravitational proximity measures was configured to recognize a person by the characteristics of voice and handwritten passwords reproducing. Comparatively low error rates are obtained.

The article reports the study results of the heat capacity of vanadium dioxide compounds (VO₂) (within the homogeneity range) and stoichiometric solid solutions V_1-xFe_xO₂ at temperature range from 5 κ to 100 κ. Separation of various constituents of heat capacity with its additivity assumption has been conducted: crystal lattice heat capacity and defects heat capacity. It is shown that a considerable contribution to the heat capacity is produced by the crystal lattice defects (till ~ 25 κ) at low temperatures, and at higher temperatures the heat capacity is determined mainly with the crystal lattice. Using the Debye function table for the heat capacity for all compounds, the characteristic Debye temperatures θ_D were determined.

Forecasting of the quality estimation the color reproduction for selection of the optimum printing system from the available range and the achievement of the required quality of multicolor products justifies the urgent problem. To solve the problem, a procedure of quality estimation of color reproduction using tools of the CIE L * a * b * – 1976 colorimetric model was used, i. e. the volume of color gamut body and the set of its cross sections. Practical implementation of the approach for complex estimation of the color reproduction quality in digital printing systems and its computer visualization is shown on the example of the "laser (LED) printer-paper" printing system. It is noted that the estimation of color reproduction using the volume index of the gamut body and the set of its sections, as an element of computer graphics for visualizing the result, interprets the accuracy of reproduction of the multicolor image as for the original.

The efficiency coefficient of the boom machine working equipment is around 50%. When payload lifting in the bucket, gravity force of the working equipment performs useless operation. The piston air spring balances the working equipment gravity force and eliminates the indicated defect. The selection problem of the piston air spring parameters has been solved. The theory of the piston air spring and hydraulic power cylinders is supplemented by a new equation connecting the design parameters of kinematic triangles with parameters of hydraulic mechanisms of the boom machine working equipment.

Approach to modeling of transition process of the polarized electromagnet of a direct current at a fixed value of a working gap through the solution of a problem of non-stationary magnetic field with the attached electric chain in a complex of the ELCUT 6.0 programs (the professional version) is considered. In the studied design of the polarized electromagnet with the external attracted anchor there are two independent magnetic fluxes. The working magnetic flux arises under the influence of the winding magnetizing forces of the managing director. The polarizing magnetic flux is created by two permanent magnets from magnetic NdFeB alloy (neodymium - an iron - pine forest). In the absence of current in a winding the anchor is affected by the attraction force created by the polarizing magnetic flux. Action of the polarized electromagnet depends on size and the direction of the working magnetic flux created by the magnetizing winding force. Considering wide circulation of electromagnets in various areas of the equipment, including the polarized electromagnets, expansion of opportunities of methods of their research in the established and transition processes represents a relevant task. On the basis of the solution of a problem of non-stationary magnetic field of the polarized electromagnet in a complex of programs ELCUT pictures of magnetic field are calculated and his temporary dependences at connection of a winding of management to a source of constant tension are received.

Technologies of additive manufacturing are increasibly used in various industries, including power engineering. It is known that the leading foreign turbo-building companies actively implement such technologies and successfully produce full-size products. Nevertheless, there are many questions related to the operation reliability of such equipment, in particular, resistance to various types of wear.

The purpose of this work was to establish the possibility of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V samples obtaining, which is used in turbine construction, with the help of additive technologies to solve problems on the study of their properties and comparison with similar characteristics of samples obtained by the traditional technological method.

As a result of the work, the properties of both types of samples were determined and their comparative analysis was carried out. An almost identical chemical composition of both types of samples was found to comply with the ASTM B265 standard for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. It is shown that the hardness and microhardness of the investigated both types of samples is the same and amounted to 31 ± 5 HRC and 390 ± 10 HV0.1, respectively. The surface roughness of the «printed» samples is not less than 4 times higher than for the samples manufactured by the traditional technological method, which requires it's additional processing for further research. The microstructure of the alloy obtained by using additive technologies is acicular martensite formed as a result of rapid cooling from the high-temperature beta region.

The process of manufacturing multicolor printed matter is rather complicated as the components of printing system are diverse by the configuration and have a complex of various properties that in aggregate form production quality. Difficulties in solving the problem of ensuring the quality of a multicolor image are determined with the instability of the properties of printing system components, their diversity, both in physicochemical and structural-mechanical properties. All this causes different divergence of the process parameters and does not allow obtaining a qualitatively stable ready-made product. The results of investigation of the possibilities in enlarging color reproduction of a printing system the "inkjet printer – paper" are presented in the work. The role of paper sheet characteristics is noted. It is shown that the priority belongs to paper with a uniform, microporous surface.

Achieving high efficiency is a key objective of optimal vehicle drive train design. Hydraulic power transmissions with hydraulic torque converters are commonly used in wheeled and tracked self-propelled vehicles. Hydraulic torque converters are self-adjusting, and have a relatively low efficiency. The study investigates design options for self-propelled vehicle combined hydraulic power transmission. In order to improve their average efficiency, the engine power is transferred in two combined modes: single-and double-flow. We propose hydraulic power transmission layouts where the hydraulic torque converter operates with regular or summing differentials. Screw and free wheel clutches are used as drive train controls. They enable automated switchover of the torque transmissions modes. The proposed drive trains with switchable hydraulic torque converters are designed for both road and off-road self-propelled vehicles. They can be combined with robotic fixed-ratio gearboxes or as a part of a vehicle drive train consisting of a conventional clutch, and a manual gearbox.

Theoretical and experimental investigations of liquid evaporation process under ultrasonic (US) and heat influences (HI) under conditions of reduced pressure are carried out. A mathematical model of the influence of US, HI and pressure of a vapor-gas mixture in a vacuum chamber (VC) on the temperature and rate of fluid evaporation is developed. A program and methods for conducting experiments have been developed, an experimental stand has been created, and an experimental program has been implemented. The experimental dependences of the change in the liquid temperature under combined US and HI under conditions of reduced pressure and under the influence of these factors were obtained separately. A comparative analysis of the calculated and experimental values of liquid temperatures was carried out, which showed a discrepancy of the results to 10%. The areas of parameters of US, HI, and pressure in a vacuum chamber are identified, at which the evaporation rate of the liquid varies significantly, for example, at a pressure of 3 ... 4.5 kPa, a sharp decrease in the liquid temperature is observed, up to the formation of ice crust. The combined use of US and HI in conditions of reduced pressure leads to an increase in the rate of liquid evaporation by 0.7 g / min than when using US and HI separately.

The mathematical model (MM) of the process describing the evaporation of model liquid with a free "mirror"-type surface, changes of liquid and vapour-gas mixture (VGM) temperature in the closed volume with application of power consumption optimization at thermal vacuum influence is developed. For MM optimization of power consumption on the basis of the Pontryagin maximum principle with application to process of liquid evaporation from a free surface at joint thermal and vacuum influence was considered. For modeling heat and mass transfer processes with evaporation in the closed volume at thermal vacuum influence, the system of the ordinary differential equations within some assumptions with simplification of a problem definition was used. The MM at some deviations of parameters allows to perform optimization of the cyclorama of pumping out and heating systems works and to define a tendency of power consumption reduction at consecutive inclusions and switching off VGM pumping out and liquid heating. As an optimum condition criterion are accepted power costs of liquid conductive heating and VGM pumping from the closed volume. Based on numerical modeling intervals of liquid heating and VGM pumping time providing minimization of power consumption for evaporation of the set mass of liquid are defined. The test calculations without optimization of power consumption showing satisfactory coordination with experimental data are carried out.

This paper focuses on the problem of control of the tug-debris space tether system for debris De-orbiting. The motion of the tether system is considered when the space tug and tethered debris have an initial relative velocity, which can affect the tether tension. We investigate two stages of the space tether motion: tether elongation stage and tether retraction stage. Two control laws for the tether length are proposed for the each stage. The control law for the first stage is based on the measurement of the tether tension and is intended to decrease the relative velocity between the space tug and debris object. The control law for the second stage retracts the tether and decrease the distance between the space tug and debris assisting to the process of the docking of the space tug with debris. The proposed control laws are demonstrated by numerical simulations.

The results of using the finite-difference approximation of combined equations for describing the flow of a viscous incompressible liquid between contacting rotating cylindrical surfaces are presented in the work. A quantitative estimation of mass transfer and splitting factors for a viscous incompressible liquid onto a substrate is obtained depending on a contact width variation. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach is the accounting of the structural and microgeometric parameters of surfaces contacting with a viscous incompressible liquid.

Method of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) valve gear characteristics determination by using the numerical differentiation of tappet movement law is submitted. The method of converting these characteristics for different valve types is proposed. Based on the methods of calculation of the motion law of the follower, characteristics of the timing and conversion of the data during the transition from one kinematics to another developed computer software included in the software complex for synthesis of the characteristics of the valve timing. Their use allows to identify resources for improving timing mechanism of an internal combustion engine.

The results of experiments and a theoretical research of a cooling method for SHF-transistor crystal of a correcting small spacecraft (SS) microengine are presented. A distinctive feature of a proposed approach is an efficient use of the heat removed from SHF-transistor in the dilatometric evaporator-valve. Generally, this paper continues to create methodological foundations for a design of a correcting SS microthrust engine with SHF-heating of a working medium. This paper is about cooling of SHF-transistor in vacuum with the application of removed energy in a dilatometric valve and for preliminary heating of a working medium before its input to the SHF-chamber. A mathematical model of SHF transistor crystal cooling by the working medium was verified as a result of studies. In case of certain geometrical and initial thermodynamic conditions are met, the intensity of cooling increases and heating of working medium also increases (micro consumption of air cools the experimental surface by 1 W). The heating of working gas, according to theoretical processing, is suffice to create a jet thrust of 1,2 mN. The application field of studied physical processes is the engine-building for small spacecrafts, for example CubeSat 3U, in particular, building of a microengine with SHF-acceleration of a working medium and a dilatometric throttle valve.

The article reflects some results of the work of the authors on the creation of reactive corrective micro-motors for spacecraft of nanoglass. A special feature of these micro-motors is the use of a dilatometric element as a shut-off valve actuator, which is a working gas heater. A prototype of a dilatometric micro-motor was developed and manufactured, on which, under vacuum conditions, efficiency studies were carried out and the output thermodynamic parameters of the gas were obtained. Dilatometric valve engine used thus reducing the nitrogen pressure of 2.8 bar and up to 120 Pa was carried out by the gas flow rate 1.8 10-6 kg/s and heated to a temperature of 470 K. the Specific impulse thrust was 630-650 m/s. Power was 2.6 watts.

In this article the issue of server stations status data processing for effective distribution of client data on the server stations in high load information systems is discussed. We have analyzed the existing methods for distributing data on server stations of high-loaded web applications, as well as solutions that improve the speed of data delivery to the user. Among the considered methods, we identified a prototype for development and proposed an approach to the design of data distribution systems. We have developed a model that describes the state of the servers, and proposed a structure for representing the parameters of the system. According to the obtained experimental data we have constructed graphs that reflect the dependence of server state parameters on time. In the future, we are planning to use this data about server states, as well as the data about end users (uploading or browsing files), in order to optimize server selection and ensure fast provision of information to the user.

The article deals with determining the rigidity matrix of a triangular finite element. Displacement vector components and displacement derivatives are used as nodal degrees of freedom. These finite elements have improved accuracy as they link with continuity conditions not only the displacement field but also derivative fields, which significantly simplifies nodal stress analysis and makes it possible to establish stress boundary conditions. The test calculations verified for a beam were provided.

Paper proposes a model of large networks based on a random preferential attachment graph with addition of complete subgraphs (cliques). The proposed model refers to models of random graphs following the nonlinear preferential attachment rule, and takes into account the possibility of «adding» entire communities of nodes to the network. In the derivation of the relations that determine the vertex degree distribution, the technique of finite-difference equations describing stationary states of a graph is used. The obtained results are tested empirically (by generating large graphs), special cases correspond to known mathematical relations.

Indexing spatial gear mechanisms are widely used in automatic machines. The movement in gear mechanisms with stops is defined by complex design shapes that can lose their stiffness at critical loads. To measure the ultimate bearing stress of these mechanisms is possible by both the physical and numerical models tests results. The paper considers the numerical model for the spatial gear mechanism with driven disk indexing at a constant angular velocity of a driving disk. The presented mechanism kinematics and geometry parameters and finite element model were analyzed in the SolidWorks design environment. The structure and kinematics analysis revealed the possible reasons of mechanism failures. The numerical calculations results showing the design performance under the active area contact stresses and teeth bending stresses are represented. The maximal bend of the shaft was determined to avoid engagement failure.

The paper deals with the experimental-calculated analysis of the deformed state of a prismatic type sample for mechanical laboratory tests designed to evaluate the strength of a material under a biaxial stress state. A description is given of the advantages of the deformation scheme of this sample, which contributes to a reduction in the technical requirements for the test machines used for performing the test procedures. The distribution of deformation fields of the prismatic sample surface studied is obtained by processing the speckle images of the on-board experiment by the method of correlation of digital images in the Vic-3D system, at the stage of elastic deformation. Their comparison with the results of numerical simulation by the finite element method at control points of the surface of the deformed sample is performed. The discrepancy between the results of the full-scale experiment and the given numerical simulation at the control points did not exceed 14%. Conclusions are formulated for the subsequent use of the results obtained.

The work is devoted to the problems of reducing the intensity of seismic impacts on multi-storey buildings. The main difficulties in solving the problems of seismic isolation of buildings and structures lie in the field of creating mathematical models of the dynamic interaction of the systems "foundation - seismic isolation device - construction". One of the most effective ways to reduce the level of seismic effects on buildings is to equip them with special devices - seismic isolators, a successful way of implementing which is the use of elastoplastic systems. The method of calculation for seismic actions of multi-storey buildings equipped with elastoplastic seismic insulators is proposed. Numerical modelling of the alternating loading of which uses the rheological model of N N Davidenkov. Modelling of dynamic processes is carried out by means of a mathematical description of the dynamics of two linear multidimensional subsystems that approximate the structures located under seismic insulators and above seismic insulators. The dynamics equations are formed on the basis of the D'Alembert principle. Horizontal seismic effects are considered. The presented technique makes it possible to determine the movements of the nodes of the system at any time of the seismic action specified in the form of a digitized seismogram. The above algorithm is implemented as a software module Proxima. The results of calculations are presented on the example of a model of a 24-storey building designed for the conditions of building in the city of Irkutsk.

In the aviation industry the primary modern equipment to display an information is color multi-function displays made on the basis of a plane LCD (liquid crystal display) panel. The problem is that LCD screen performances significantly depend on the ambient temperature. Local automatic temperature control systems are used to keep certain thermal conditions of LCD screens in avionics indication equipment. The problem of development a computer model of the automatic temperature control system of the avionics indication equipment is being studied.

The problem of evaluation of statistical distribution of the image tristimulus values displayed on the avionics indication equipment screen is being studied. There are some mathematical expressions and simulation results which describe the behavior of the tristimulus values distribution probability density function. There are some histograms for tristimulus values statistical distribution in various combinations of the primary color codes which are used in the avionics indication equipment software.

The analysis of the structure of composite materials, produced by additive technology from powders of steels of different chemical composition, is performed. On the basis of the obtained data, a kinetic model of the organization of the process according to the self-organizing (oscillatory) scenario is formulated.

The various devices based on vibration, thermal, electromagnetic and other methods are used to diagnose an asynchronous motor today. The use of vibration diagnostics is common for large machines. The emergency stop of the large machines leads to significant downtime and non-produced products meaning that the enterprise incurs significant material losses. However, for low-power engines, vibration diagnostics are used only as a periodic assessment of the state without accumulation of data and their subsequent analysis. It should also be noted that the vibration signals measured from the rolling bearing are affected by varying operating conditions and noise that distort the signal and complicate the faults identification for further evaluation of the residual life. In a number of cases, such as submersible pumps, nuclear power plant safety aggregates, mining equipment, it is practically impossible to use vibration, thermal and other methods for diagnosing asynchronous motors. Therefore, the actual task of this research is the development of a method for diagnosing and estimating the residual life in conditions of the systems without any maintenance, based on the electric motor energy parameters.

The process of reinforcement in the ultrasonic field of structural elements from ABS plastic composite structures containing carbon fibers was studied. The fact of formation of an adhesive-strong interface of "composite-plastic" under the action of ultrasound on the sample during the curing of the composite is established. It is shown that ultrasonic action causes the formation of a homogeneous morphology of the surface and structure of the composite layer, as well as a change in the ratio of the strength parameters of the material. In tensile tests, an increase in strength of 18 % was found with a certain decrease in the elongation.

The strength characteristics of composite carbon and fiberglass plastics have been studied, after their modification by microwave radiation of various power input. It has been established that the microwave effect on the finally shaped object under various conditions of the parameters increases the ultimate bending stresses of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic by 47–53 %, the GRP by 60 %. At the same time, significant changes in the microstructure are noted, which are manifested in the increase in its homogeneity and density as the contact points of the matrix agglomerates and reinforcing fibers increase.

In this paper, the material for compiling a plan of performing "join-selection-projection" queries to relational databases is systematized. This is necessary for counting the number of iterations in the query execution algorithms. The presented topic is relevant for a considerable period of time. However, every time there are new requirements for queries, new methods of data presentation, etc. This leads to the necessity of resolving old problems. Many papers were devoted to various aspects of the optimization of queries to relational databases. Thus, it is possible to define two main directions. They are logical optimization of the queries and physical optimization of the queries execution. The basis of logical optimization is heuristics about the order of relational operations. However, more effective solution to the optimization problem is minimization of input-output operation quantity during the query execution. The approach to the development of the query execution plan on the basis of estimators for input-output operations for conventional and specialized methods of data storage is offered in this paper. The expediency of transformations, use of indexes etc. are determined by estimators.