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The American Astronomical Society (AAS), established in 1899 and based in Washington, DC, is the major organization of professional astronomers in North America. Its membership of about 7,000 individuals also includes physicists, mathematicians, geologists, engineers, and others whose research and educational interests lie within the broad spectrum of subjects comprising contemporary astronomy. The mission of the AAS is to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe.
The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a leading scientific society promoting physics and bringing physicists together for the benefit of all. It has a worldwide membership of around 50 000 comprising physicists from all sectors, as well as those with an interest in physics. It works to advance physics research, application and education; and engages with policy makers and the public to develop awareness and understanding of physics. Its publishing company, IOP Publishing, is a world leader in professional scientific communications.
Erratum: "A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo" (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)
B. P. Abbott1, R. Abbott1, T. D. Abbott2, S. Abraham3, F. Acernese4,5, K. Ackley6, C. Adams7, R. X. Adhikari1, V. B. Adya8, C. Affeldt9,10, M. Agathos11,12, K. Agatsuma13, N. Aggarwal14, O. D. Aguiar15, L. Aiello16,17, A. Ain3, P. Ajith18, G. Allen19, A. Allocca20,21, M. A. Aloy22, P. A. Altin8, A. Amato23, S. Anand1, A. Ananyeva1, S. B. Anderson1, W. G. Anderson24, S. V. Angelova25, S. Antier26, S. Appert1, K. Arai1, M. C. Araya1, J. S. Areeda27, M. Arène26, N. Arnaud28,29, S. M. Aronson30, K. G. Arun31, S. Ascenzi16,32, G. Ashton6, S. M. Aston7, P. Astone33, F. Aubin34, P. Aufmuth10, K. AultONeal35, C. Austin2, V. Avendano36, A. Avila-Alvarez27, S. Babak26, P. Bacon26, F. Badaracco16,17, M. K. M. Bader37, S. Bae38, J. Baird26, P. T. Baker39, F. Baldaccini40,41, G. Ballardin29, S. W. Ballmer42, A. Bals35, S. Banagiri43, J. C. Barayoga1, C. Barbieri44,45, S. E. Barclay46, B. C. Barish1, D. Barker47, K. Barkett48, S. Barnum14, F. Barone5,49, B. Barr46, L. Barsotti14, M. Barsuglia26, D. Barta50, J. Bartlett47, I. Bartos30, R. Bassiri51, A. Basti20,21, M. Bawaj41,52, J. C. Bayley46, M. Bazzan53,54, B. Bécsy55, M. Bejger26,56, I. Belahcene28, A. S. Bell46, D. Beniwal57, M. G. Benjamin35, B. K. Berger51, G. Bergmann9,10, S. Bernuzzi11, C. P. L. Berry58, D. Bersanetti59, A. Bertolini37, J. Betzwieser7, R. Bhandare60, J. Bidler27, E. Biggs24, I. A. Bilenko61, S. A. Bilgili39, G. Billingsley1, R. Birney25, O. Birnholtz62, S. Biscans1,14, M. Bischi63,64, S. Biscoveanu14, A. Bisht10, M. Bitossi21,29, M. A. Bizouard65, J. K. Blackburn1, J. Blackman48, C. D. Blair7, D. G. Blair66, R. M. Blair47, S. Bloemen67, F. Bobba68,69, N. Bode9,10, M. Boer65, Y. Boetzel70, G. Bogaert65, F. Bondu71, R. Bonnand34, P. Booker9,10, B. A. Boom37, R. Bork1, V. Boschi29, S. Bose3, V. Bossilkov66, J. Bosveld66, Y. Bouffanais53,54, A. Bozzi29, C. Bradaschia21, P. R. Brady24, A. Bramley7, M. Branchesi16,17, J. E. Brau72, M. Breschi11, T. Briant73, J. H. Briggs46, F. Brighenti63,64, A. Brillet65, M. Brinkmann9,10, P. Brockill24, A. F. Brooks1, J. Brooks29, D. D. Brown57, S. Brunett1, A. Buikema14, T. Bulik74, H. J. Bulten37,75, A. Buonanno76,77, D. Buskulic34, C. Buy26, R. L. Byer51, M. Cabero9,10, L. Cadonati78, G. Cagnoli79, C. Cahillane1, J. Calderón Bustillo6, T. A. Callister1, E. Calloni5,80, J. B. Camp81, W. A. Campbell6, M. Canepa59,82, K. C. Cannon83, H. Cao57, J. Cao84, G. Carapella68,69, F. Carbognani29, S. Caride85, M. F. Carney58, G. Carullo20,21, J. Casanueva Diaz21, C. Casentini32,86, S. Caudill37, M. Cavaglià87,88, F. Cavalier28, R. Cavalieri29, G. Cella21, P. Cerdá-Durán22, E. Cesarini32,89, O. Chaibi65, K. Chakravarti3, S. J. Chamberlin90, M. Chan46, S. Chao91, P. Charlton92, E. A. Chase58, E. Chassande-Mottin26, D. Chatterjee24, M. Chaturvedi60, B. D. Cheeseboro39, H. Y. Chen93, X. Chen66, Y. Chen48, H.-P. Cheng30, C. K. Cheong94, H. Y. Chia30, F. Chiadini69,95, A. Chincarini59, A. Chiummo29, G. Cho96, H. S. Cho97, M. Cho77, N. Christensen65,98, Q. Chu66, S. Chua73, K. W. Chung94, S. Chung66, G. Ciani53,54, M. Cieślar56, A. A. Ciobanu57, R. Ciolfi54,99, F. Cipriano65, A. Cirone59,82, F. Clara47, J. A. Clark78, P. Clearwater100, F. Cleva65, E. Coccia16,17, P.-F. Cohadon73, D. Cohen28, M. Colleoni101, C. G. Collette102, C. Collins13, M. Colpi44,45, L. R. Cominsky103, M. Constancio Jr.15, L. Conti54, S. J. Cooper13, P. Corban7, T. R. Corbitt2, I. Cordero-Carrión104, S. Corezzi40,41, K. R. Corley105, N. Cornish55, D. Corre28, A. Corsi85, S. Cortese29, C. A. Costa15, R. Cotesta76, M. W. Coughlin1, S. B. Coughlin58,106, J.-P. Coulon65, S. T. Countryman105, P. Couvares1, P. B. Covas101, E. E. Cowan78, D. M. Coward66, M. J. Cowart7, D. C. Coyne1, R. Coyne107, J. D. E. Creighton24, T. D. Creighton108, J. Cripe2, M. Croquette73, S. G. Crowder109, T. J. Cullen2, A. Cumming46, L. Cunningham46, E. Cuoco29, T. Dal Canton81, G. Dálya110, B. D'Angelo59,82, S. L. Danilishin9,10, S. D'Antonio32, K. Danzmann9,10, A. Dasgupta111, C. F. Da Silva Costa30, L. E. H. Datrier46, V. Dattilo29, I. Dave60, M. Davier28, D. Davis42, E. J. Daw112, D. DeBra51, M. Deenadayalan3, J. Degallaix23, M. De Laurentis5,80, S. Deléglise73, W. Del Pozzo20,21, L. M. DeMarchi58, N. Demos14, T. Dent113, R. De Pietri114,115, R. De Rosa5,80, C. De Rossi23,29, R. DeSalvo116, O. de Varona9,10, S. Dhurandhar3, M. C. Díaz108, T. Dietrich37, L. Di Fiore5, C. DiFronzo13, C. Di Giorgio68,69, F. Di Giovanni22, M. Di Giovanni117,118, T. Di Girolamo5,80, A. Di Lieto20,21, B. Ding102, S. Di Pace33,119, I. Di Palma33,119, F. Di Renzo20,21, A. K. Divakarla30, A. Dmitriev13, Z. Doctor93, F. Donovan14, K. L. Dooley87,106, S. Doravari3, I. Dorrington106, T. P. Downes24, M. Drago16,17, J. C. Driggers47, Z. Du84, J.-G. Ducoin28, P. Dupej46, O. Durante68,69, S. E. Dwyer47, P. J. Easter6, G. Eddolls46, T. B. Edo112, A. Effler7, P. Ehrens1, J. Eichholz8, S. S. Eikenberry30, M. Eisenmann34, R. A. Eisenstein14, L. Errico5,80, R. C. Essick93, H. Estelles101, D. Estevez34, Z. B. Etienne39, T. Etzel1, M. Evans14, T. M. Evans7, V. Fafone16,32,86, S. Fairhurst106, X. Fan84, S. Farinon59, B. Farr72, W. M. Farr13, E. J. Fauchon-Jones106, M. Favata36, M. Fays112, M. Fazio120, C. Fee121, J. Feicht1, M. M. Fejer51, F. Feng26, A. Fernandez-Galiana14, I. Ferrante20,21, E. C. Ferreira15, T. A. Ferreira15, F. Fidecaro20,21, I. Fiori29, D. Fiorucci16,17, M. Fishbach93, R. P. Fisher122, J. M. Fishner14, R. Fittipaldi69,123, M. Fitz-Axen43, V. Fiumara69,124, R. Flaminio34,125, M. Fletcher46, E. Floden43, E. Flynn27, H. Fong83, J. A. Font22,126, P. W. F. Forsyth8, J.-D. Fournier65, Francisco Hernandez Vivanco6, S. Frasca33,119, F. Frasconi21, Z. Frei110, A. Freise13, R. Frey72, V. Frey28, P. Fritschel14, V. V. Frolov7, G. Fronzè127, P. Fulda30, M. Fyffe7, H. A. Gabbard46, B. U. Gadre76, S. M. Gaebel13, J. R. Gair128, L. Gammaitoni40, S. G. Gaonkar3, C. García-Quirós101, F. Garufi5,80, B. Gateley47, S. Gaudio35, G. Gaur129, V. Gayathri130, G. Gemme59, E. Genin29, A. Gennai21, D. George19, J. George60, L. Gergely131, S. Ghonge78, Abhirup Ghosh76, Archisman Ghosh37, S. Ghosh24, B. Giacomazzo117,118, J. A. Giaime2,7, K. D. Giardina7, D. R. Gibson132, K. Gill105, L. Glover133, J. Gniesmer134, P. Godwin90, E. Goetz47, R. Goetz30, B. Goncharov6, G. González2, J. M. Gonzalez Castro20,21, A. Gopakumar135, S. E. Gossan1, M. Gosselin20,21,29, R. Gouaty34, B. Grace8, A. Grado5,136, M. Granata23, A. Grant46, S. Gras14, P. Grassia1, C. Gray47, R. Gray46, G. Greco63,64, A. C. Green30, R. Green106, E. M. Gretarsson35, A. Grimaldi117,118, S. J. Grimm16,17, P. Groot67, H. Grote106, S. Grunewald76, P. Gruning28, G. M. Guidi63,64, H. K. Gulati111, Y. Guo37, A. Gupta90, Anchal Gupta1, P. Gupta37, E. K. Gustafson1, R. Gustafson137, L. Haegel101, O. Halim16,17, B. R. Hall138, E. D. Hall14, E. Z. Hamilton106, G. Hammond46, M. Haney70, M. M. Hanke9,10, J. Hanks47, C. Hanna90, M. D. Hannam106, O. A. Hannuksela94, T. J. Hansen35, J. Hanson7, T. Harder65, T. Hardwick2, K. Haris18, J. Harms16,17, G. M. Harry139, I. W. Harry140, R. K. Hasskew7, C. J. Haster14, K. Haughian46, F. J. Hayes46, J. Healy62, A. Heidmann73, M. C. Heintze7, H. Heitmann65, F. Hellman141, P. Hello28, G. Hemming29, M. Hendry46, I. S. Heng46, J. Hennig9,10, M. Heurs9,10, S. Hild46, T. Hinderer37,142,143, S. Hochheim9,10, D. Hofman23, A. M. Holgado19, N. A. Holland8, K. Holt7, D. E. Holz93, P. Hopkins106, C. Horst24, J. Hough46, E. J. Howell66, C. G. Hoy106, Y. Huang14, M. T. Hübner6, E. A. Huerta19, D. Huet28, B. Hughey35, V. Hui34, S. Husa101, S. H. Huttner46, T. Huynh-Dinh7, B. Idzkowski74, A. Iess32,86, H. Inchauspe30, C. Ingram57, R. Inta85, G. Intini33,119, B. Irwin121, H. N. Isa46, J.-M. Isac73, M. Isi14, B. R. Iyer18, T. Jacqmin73, S. J. Jadhav144, K. Jani78, N. N. Janthalur144, P. Jaranowski145, D. Jariwala30, A. C. Jenkins146, J. Jiang30, D. S. Johnson19, A. W. Jones13, D. I. Jones147, J. D. Jones47, R. Jones46, R. J. G. Jonker37, L. Ju66, J. Junker9,10, C. V. Kalaghatgi106, V. Kalogera58, B. Kamai1, S. Kandhasamy3, G. Kang38, J. B. Kanner1, S. J. Kapadia24, C. Karathanasis148, S. Karki72, R. Kashyap18, M. Kasprzack1, S. Katsanevas29, E. Katsavounidis14, W. Katzman7, S. Kaufer10, K. Kawabe47, N. V. Keerthana3, F. Kéfélian65, D. Keitel140, R. Kennedy112, J. S. Key149, F. Y. Khalili61, I. Khan16,32, S. Khan9,10, E. A. Khazanov150, N. Khetan16,17, M. Khursheed60, N. Kijbunchoo8, Chunglee Kim151, J. C. Kim152, K. Kim94, W. Kim57, W. S. Kim153, Y.-M. Kim154, C. Kimball58, P. J. King47, M. Kinley-Hanlon46, R. Kirchhoff9,10, J. S. Kissel47, L. Kleybolte134, J. H. Klika24, S. Klimenko30, T. D. Knowles39, P. Koch9,10, S. M. Koehlenbeck9,10, G. Koekoek37,155, S. Koley37, V. Kondrashov1, A. Kontos156, N. Koper9,10, M. Korobko134, W. Z. Korth1, M. Kovalam66, D. B. Kozak1, C. Krämer9,10, V. Kringel9,10, N. Krishnendu31, A. Królak157,158, N. Krupinski24, G. Kuehn9,10, A. Kumar144, P. Kumar159, Rahul Kumar47, Rakesh Kumar111, L. Kuo91, A. Kutynia157, S. Kwang24, B. D. Lackey76, D. Laghi20,21, K. H. Lai94, T. L. Lam94, M. Landry47, B. B. Lane14, R. N. Lang160, J. Lange62, B. Lantz51, R. K. Lanza14, A. Lartaux-Vollard28, P. D. Lasky6, M. Laxen7, A. Lazzarini1, C. Lazzaro54, P. Leaci33,119, S. Leavey9,10, Y. K. Lecoeuche47, C. H. Lee97, H. K. Lee161, H. M. Lee162, H. W. Lee152, J. Lee96, K. Lee46, J. Lehmann9,10, A. K. Lenon39, N. Leroy28, N. Letendre34, Y. Levin6, A. Li94, J. Li84, K. J. L. Li94, T. G. F. Li94, X. Li48, F. Lin6, F. Linde37,163, S. D. Linker133, T. B. Littenberg164, J. Liu66, X. Liu24, M. Llorens-Monteagudo22, R. K. L. Lo1,94, L. T. London14, A. Longo165,166, M. Lorenzini16,17, V. Loriette167, M. Lormand7, G. Losurdo21, J. D. Lough9,10, C. O. Lousto62, G. Lovelace27, M. E. Lower168, H. Lück9,10, D. Lumaca32,86, A. P. Lundgren140, R. Lynch14, Y. Ma48, R. Macas106, S. Macfoy25, M. MacInnis14, D. M. Macleod106, A. Macquet65, I. Magaña Hernandez24, F. Magaña-Sandoval30, R. M. Magee90, E. Majorana33, I. Maksimovic167, A. Malik60, N. Man65, V. Mandic43, V. Mangano33,46,119, G. L. Mansell14,47, M. Manske24, M. Mantovani29, M. Mapelli53,54, F. Marchesoni41,52, F. Marion34, S. Márka105, Z. Márka105, C. Markakis19, A. S. Markosyan51, A. Markowitz1, E. Maros1, A. Marquina104, S. Marsat26, F. Martelli63,64, I. W. Martin46, R. M. Martin36, V. Martinez79, D. V. Martynov13, H. Masalehdan134, K. Mason14, E. Massera112, A. Masserot34, T. J. Massinger1, M. Masso-Reid46, S. Mastrogiovanni26, A. Matas76, F. Matichard1,14, L. Matone105, N. Mavalvala14, J. J. McCann66, R. McCarthy47, D. E. McClelland8, S. McCormick7, L. McCuller14, S. C. McGuire169, C. McIsaac140, J. McIver1, D. J. McManus8, T. McRae8, S. T. McWilliams39, D. Meacher24, G. D. Meadors6, M. Mehmet9,10, A. K. Mehta18, J. Meidam37, E. Mejuto Villa69,116, A. Melatos100, G. Mendell47, R. A. Mercer24, L. Mereni23, K. Merfeld72, E. L. Merilh47, M. Merzougui65, S. Meshkov1, C. Messenger46, C. Messick90, F. Messina44,45, R. Metzdorff73, P. M. Meyers100, F. Meylahn9,10, A. Miani117,118, H. Miao13, C. Michel23, H. Middleton100, L. Milano5,80, A. L. Miller30,33,119, M. Millhouse100, J. C. Mills106, M. C. Milovich-Goff133, O. Minazzoli65,170, Y. Minenkov32, A. Mishkin30, C. Mishra171, T. Mistry112, S. Mitra3, V. P. Mitrofanov61, G. Mitselmakher30, R. Mittleman14, G. Mo98, D. Moffa121, K. Mogushi87, S. R. P. Mohapatra14, M. Molina-Ruiz141, M. Mondin133, M. Montani63,64, C. J. Moore13, D. Moraru47, F. Morawski56, G. Moreno47, S. Morisaki83, B. Mours34, C. M. Mow-Lowry13, F. Muciaccia33,119, Arunava Mukherjee9,10, D. Mukherjee24, S. Mukherjee108, Subroto Mukherjee111, N. Mukund3,9,10, A. Mullavey7, J. Munch57, E. A. Muñiz42, M. Muratore35, P. G. Murray46, A. Nagar89,127,172, I. Nardecchia32,86, L. Naticchioni33,119, R. K. Nayak173, B. F. Neil66, J. Neilson69,116, G. Nelemans37,67, T. J. N. Nelson7, M. Nery9,10, A. Neunzert137, L. Nevin1, K. Y. Ng14, S. Ng57, C. Nguyen26, P. Nguyen72, D. Nichols37,142, S. A. Nichols2, S. Nissanke37,142, F. Nocera29, C. North106, L. K. Nuttall140, M. Obergaulinger22,174, J. Oberling47, B. D. O'Brien30, G. Oganesyan16,17, G. H. Ogin175, J. J. Oh153, S. H. Oh153, F. Ohme9,10, H. Ohta83, M. A. Okada15, M. Oliver101, P. Oppermann9,10, Richard J. Oram7, B. O'Reilly7, R. G. Ormiston43, L. F. Ortega30, R. O'Shaughnessy62, S. Ossokine76, D. J. Ottaway57, H. Overmier7, B. J. Owen85, A. E. Pace90, G. Pagano20,21, M. A. Page66, G. Pagliaroli16,17, A. Pai130, S. A. Pai60, J. R. Palamos72, O. Palashov150, C. Palomba33, H. Pan91, P. K. Panda144, P. T. H. Pang37,94, C. Pankow58, F. Pannarale33,119, B. C. Pant60, F. Paoletti21, A. Paoli29, A. Parida3, W. Parker7,169, D. Pascucci37,46, A. Pasqualetti29, R. Passaquieti20,21, D. Passuello21, M. Patil158, B. Patricelli20,21, E. Payne6, B. L. Pearlstone46, T. C. Pechsiri30, A. J. Pedersen42, M. Pedraza1, R. Pedurand23,176, A. Pele7, S. Penn177, A. Perego117,118, C. J. Perez47, C. Périgois34, A. Perreca117,118, J. Petermann134, H. P. Pfeiffer76, M. Phelps9,10, K. S. Phukon3, O. J. Piccinni33,119, M. Pichot65, F. Piergiovanni63,64, V. Pierro69,116, G. Pillant29, L. Pinard23, I. M. Pinto69,89,116, M. Pirello47, M. Pitkin46, W. Plastino165,166, R. Poggiani20,21, D. Y. T. Pong94, S. Ponrathnam3, P. Popolizio29, E. K. Porter26, J. Powell168, A. K. Prajapati111, J. Prasad3, K. Prasai51, R. Prasanna144, G. Pratten101, T. Prestegard24, M. Principe69,89,116, G. A. Prodi117,118, L. Prokhorov13, M. Punturo41, P. Puppo33, M. Pürrer76, H. Qi106, V. Quetschke108, P. J. Quinonez35, F. J. Raab47, G. Raaijmakers37,142, H. Radkins47, N. Radulesco65, P. Raffai110, S. Raja60, C. Rajan60, B. Rajbhandari85, M. Rakhmanov108, K. E. Ramirez108, A. Ramos-Buades101, Javed Rana3, K. Rao58, P. Rapagnani33,119, V. Raymond106, M. Razzano20,21, J. Read27, T. Regimbau34, L. Rei59, S. Reid25, D. H. Reitze1,30, P. Rettegno127,178, F. Ricci33,119, C. J. Richardson35, J. W. Richardson1, P. M. Ricker19, G. Riemenschneider127,178, K. Riles137, M. Rizzo58, N. A. 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Shaner133, A. Sharma16,17, P. Sharma60, P. Shawhan77, H. Shen19, R. Shink184, D. H. Shoemaker14, D. M. Shoemaker78, K. Shukla141, S. ShyamSundar60, K. Siellez78, M. Sieniawska56, D. Sigg47, L. P. Singer81, D. Singh90, N. Singh74, A. Singhal16,33, A. M. Sintes101, S. Sitmukhambetov108, V. Skliris106, B. J. J. Slagmolen8, T. J. Slaven-Blair66, J. R. Smith27, R. J. E. Smith6, S. Somala185, E. J. Son153, S. Soni2, B. Sorazu46, F. Sorrentino59, T. Souradeep3, E. Sowell85, A. P. Spencer46, M. Spera53,54, A. K. Srivastava111, V. Srivastava42, K. Staats58, C. Stachie65, M. Standke9,10, D. A. Steer26, M. Steinke9,10, J. Steinlechner46,134, S. Steinlechner134, D. Steinmeyer9,10, S. P. Stevenson168, D. Stocks51, R. Stone108, D. J. Stops13, K. A. Strain46, G. Stratta64,186, S. E. Strigin61, A. Strunk47, R. Sturani187, A. L. Stuver188, V. Sudhir14, T. Z. Summerscales189, L. Sun1, S. Sunil111, A. Sur56, J. Suresh83, P. J. Sutton106, B. L. Swinkels37, M. J. Szczepańczyk35, M. Tacca37, S. C. Tait46, C. Talbot6, D. B. Tanner30, D. Tao1, M. Tápai131, A. Tapia27, J. D. Tasson98, R. Taylor1, R. Tenorio101, L. Terkowski134, M. Thomas7, P. Thomas47, S. R. Thondapu60, K. A. Thorne7, E. Thrane6, Shubhanshu Tiwari117,118, Srishti Tiwari135, V. Tiwari106, K. Toland46, M. Tonelli20,21, Z. Tornasi46, A. Torres-Forné190, C. I. Torrie1, D. Töyrä13, F. Travasso29,41, G. Traylor7, M. C. Tringali74, A. Tripathee137, A. Trovato26, L. Trozzo21,191, K. W. Tsang37, M. Tse14, R. Tso48, L. Tsukada83, D. Tsuna83, T. Tsutsui83, D. Tuyenbayev108, K. Ueno83, D. Ugolini192, C. S. Unnikrishnan135, A. L. Urban2, S. A. Usman93, H. Vahlbruch10, G. Vajente1, G. Valdes2, M. Valentini117,118, N. van Bakel37, M. van Beuzekom37, J. F. J. van den Brand37,75, C. Van Den Broeck37,193, D. C. Vander-Hyde42, L. van der Schaaf37, J. V. VanHeijningen66, A. A. van Veggel46, M. Vardaro53,54, V. Varma48, S. Vass1, M. Vasúth50, A. Vecchio13, G. Vedovato54, J. Veitch46, P. J. Veitch57, K. Venkateswara179, G. Venugopalan1, D. Verkindt34, F. Vetrano63,64, A. Viceré63,64, A. D. Viets24, S. Vinciguerra13, D. J. Vine132, J.-Y. Vinet65, S. Vitale14, T. Vo42, H. Vocca40,41, C. Vorvick47, S. P. Vyatchanin61, A. R. Wade1, L. E. Wade121, M. Wade121, R. Walet37, M. Walker27, L. Wallace1, S. Walsh24, H. Wang13, J. Z. Wang137, S. Wang19, W. H. Wang108, Y. F. Wang94, R. L. Ward8, Z. A. Warden35, J. Warner47, M. Was34, J. Watchi102, B. Weaver47, L.-W. Wei9,10, M. Weinert9,10, A. J. Weinstein1, R. Weiss14, F. Wellmann9,10, L. Wen66, E. K. Wessel19, P. Weßels9,10, J. W. Westhouse35, K. Wette8, J. T. Whelan62, B. F. Whiting30, C. Whittle14, D. M. Wilken9,10, D. Williams46, A. R. Williamson37,142, J. L. Willis1, B. Willke9,10, W. Winkler9,10, C. C. Wipf1, H. Wittel9,10, G. Woan46, J. Woehler9,10, J. K. Wofford62, J. L. Wright46, D. S. Wu9,10, D. M. Wysocki62, S. Xiao1, R. Xu109, H. Yamamoto1, C. C. Yancey77, L. Yang120, Y. Yang30, Z. Yang43, M. J. Yap8, M. Yazback30, D. W. Yeeles106, Hang Yu14, Haocun Yu14, S. H. R. Yuen94, A. K. Zadrożny108, A. Zadrożny157, M. Zanolin35, T. Zelenova29, J.-P. Zendri54, M. Zevin58, J. Zhang66, L. Zhang1, T. Zhang46, C. Zhao66, G. Zhao102, M. Zhou58, Z. Zhou58, X. J. Zhu6, A. B. Zimmerman194, M. E. Zucker1,14, J. Zweizig1, and The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration
13
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
14
LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
15
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
16
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
17
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
18
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
19
NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
20
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
21
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
22
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
23
Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
24
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
25
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
26
APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
27
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
28
LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay, France
29
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
30
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
31
Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
32
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
33
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
34
Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
35
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
36
Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
37
Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
38
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Repulic of Korea
39
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
40
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
41
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
42
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
43
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
44
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
45
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
46
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
47
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
48
Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
49
Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana,"Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
50
Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
51
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
52
Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
53
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
54
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
55
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
56
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
57
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
58
Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
59
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
60
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
61
Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
62
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
63
Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo," I-61029 Urbino, Italy
64
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
75
VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
76
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
77
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
78
School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
79
Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
80
Università di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
81
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
82
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
83
RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
84
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
85
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
86
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
87
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
88
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
89
Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," I-00184 Roma, Italy
90
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
91
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic Of China
92
Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
93
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
94
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
95
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
96
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
97
Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
98
Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
99
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
100
OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
101
Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
102
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
103
Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
104
Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
105
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
106
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
107
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
108
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
109
Bellevue College, Bellevue, WA 98007, USA
110
MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
111
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
112
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
113
IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Spain
114
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
115
INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
116
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
117
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
118
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
119
Università di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00185 Roma, Italy
120
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
121
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
122
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
123
CNR-SPIN, c/o Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
124
Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
125
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
126
Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
127
INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
128
School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
129
Institute Of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar 382426, India
130
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
131
University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
132
SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
133
California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
134
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
135
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
136
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
137
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
138
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
139
American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
140
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
141
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
142
GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
143
Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
144
Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
145
University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
146
King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
147
University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
148
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
149
University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
150
Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
151
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
152
Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, Republic of Korea
153
National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
154
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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1. Introduction
This erratum reports two errors, found respectively in the gwcosmo codebase used for estimating the Hubble constant H0 (Gray et al. 2020), and an associated galaxy catalog preprocessing script, both of which affect the results of the published article (Abbott et al. 2021).
The first of the two errors is the absence of a factor of 1/(1 + z), where z is the galaxy redshift, in the in-catalog terms of the H0 likelihood within the implementation of Equation (7) in the published article. This factor should be present in order to account for cosmological time dilation while providing a prior from the galaxy redshift distribution. The introduction of this factor affects the results only marginally, since the corrections modify both the numerator and the denominator of the expression in Equation (7), and only a higher-order effect propagates to the final results. This, however, changes Figure 2 of the published article, since the correction of the error affects only the numerator of the quantity pcat(z)/pvol(z) plotted in the figure. The revised Figure 2 is provided here.
Figure 2. Probability distribution for the redshifts of potential host galaxies pcat(z), with redshift uncertainties taken into account, divided out by a uniform in comoving volume distribution pvol(z) of galaxies. When computing pcat(z) we include all galaxies brighter than within the corresponding event's 99% sky localization region and weight each galaxy by weights proportional to their g-band luminosity (solid lines) as well as with uniform weights (dotted lines). We show these distributions for the DES-Y1 galaxies within the GW170814 sky localization region. We also show the 90% median estimated redshift range for GW170814 (calculated assuming a Planck 2015 cosmology) for reference.
The second error reflects a mistake in our understanding of redshift uncertainties reported in the GLADE galaxy catalog (Dálya et al. 2018). For a significant fraction of galaxies in the GLADE catalog, the redshift uncertainties are reported as an absolute error Δz. We had erroneously interpreted this as a relative error. This primarily affects the contribution from the 2MPZ galaxies with photometrically measured redshifts, for which Δz ≈ 1.5 × 10−2 (Bilicki et al. 2014). Although this is a relatively small change, its effect is visible in the plots of the individual likelihoods, particularly for the nearby events such as GW170608 and GW150914. In view of this, we also update Figures 3 and 4 of the published article, and H0 values in the final result. We have checked that the trends reported in Figures 5–8 of the published article are not affected significantly by these errors.
2. Updated Results
Our updated individual contributions from the O1 and O2 binary black holes (BBHs) that pass the selection criterion of S/N > 12 are shown in the revised Figure 3. Our final combined result is shown in the revised Figure 4, with the posterior distribution plotted assuming a uniform H0 prior. We obtain km s−1 Mpc−1 (68.3% highest density posterior interval). To compare with values in the literature, we also use a flat-in-log prior, , and calculate km s−1 Mpc−1, which corresponds to an improvement by a factor of 1.04 (about 4%) over the GW170817-only value of km s−1 Mpc−1. The median and symmetric 90% credible interval for this measurement is km s−1 Mpc−1.
Figure 3. Individual estimates of H0 from the six binary black hole detections which satisfy the selection criterion of network S/N > 12 in at least one search pipeline. These results assume a m−1.6 power-law distribution on masses and a non-evolving rate model. All results assume a prior on H0 uniform in the interval [20, 140] km s−1 Mpc−1 (dotted blue). We also show the estimates of H0 from CMB (Planck; Aghanim et al. 2020) and supernova observations (SH0ES; Riess et al. 2019).
Figure 4. The gravitational-wave measurement of H0 (dark blue) from the detections in the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Virgo. The GW170817 estimate (orange) comes from the identification of its host galaxy NGC4993 (Abbott et al. 2017). The additional contribution comes from binary black holes in association with appropriate galaxy catalogs; for GW170814 we use the DES-Y1 galaxy catalog, while for the remaining five BBHs, GW150914, GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, and GW170809, we use the GLADE catalog. The 68% maximum a posteriori intervals are indicated with the vertical dashed lines. All results assume a prior on H0 uniform in the interval [20, 140] km s−1 Mpc−1 (dotted blue). We also show the estimates of H0 from CMB (Planck; Aghanim et al. 2020) and supernova observations (SH0ES; Riess et al. 2019).