Work-hardening behavior prediction model of arbitrary reloading process based on material crystallographic structure

In the case of complex forming process that receives a secondary loading after the primary loading, it is necessary to appropriately represent the work-hardening state according to the forming history. Namely, it is necessary to accurately model complex forming process including reversal loading (Bauschinger effect) and orthogonal loading (cross-hardening). In this study, a composite anisotropic hardening expression based on the crystallographic structure using the finite element polycrystal model is proposed. Numerical investigations are conducted to consider the effectiveness of the proposed model. In which, an alternation rate is introduced to capture the activity of the slip systems to support the idea behind the proposed model. In addition, flow curves of the secondary loading are produced by the proposed model, which is compared with the conventional model.