Synthesis, characterization and impedance studies of novel nanocomposites of gadolinium titanate

We report here a facile synthesis of Gadolinium doped titanate (GDT) nanocomposites (NCs) and their impedance, total current gain in the various concentrations of doped and undoped gadolinium to the titanate nanomatrix was investigated. GdTiO₃ NCs synthesized by co precipitation method using CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) as capping agent triethyl amine under acidic condition at high temperature. Gd was doped (10-40 % molar wt) ratio, characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), UV Visible, CV (cyclic voltammetry) spectroscopic analysis. SEM crystal morphology indicated Gd x (TiO₃) 1-x was tetragonal close packing with the distribution of overlay of Gd is 50 nm, CV characterization revealed the oxidation potential of GdTiO₃ was + 0.34 eV. The aligned GdTiO₃showed linear increase in the resistance with the different thickness of the pellet made from powdered NCs. Significant increase in the conductivity is due to varied thickness, decease in the particle size, distinct grain boundaries. The modulus of the complex impedance (Z* ω) with respect to different current and voltage gain were measured by different size of the pelletized nanomaterials (∼15 mm diameter, ∼1-5 mm thickness, pressure of ∼ 0.4 GPa) and the phase angle θ measured with different frequency range from 40 Hz to 2 MHz. The variation in the impedance (real and imaginary) depends on the grain boundary and grain size contribution at lower and higher frequencies. The conductivity due to grain (σg), grain boundary (σgb), calculated from the values of Rg and Rgb (resistance at grain and grain boundary) and the specific grain boundary (σsgb) was calculated for the nanocomposites.