The Factors that Affect Collective Action of Farmer's Organizations in Rural Area

This study aims to uncover the factors that influence the emergence and sustainability of collective action of FOs. Furthermore, this study analyzes the effect of collective action on the increasing economies of scale and efficiency of FOs' members. The content analysis method was applied in this research. The case study involved Farmers' Organizations located in Kalangsuria Village, Rengasdengklok Sub-district, Karawang Regency. Much research has been conducted on Gabungan Kelompok Tani (Gapoktan) or Farmers' Organizations (FOs) as farmers' institutions that perform collective action in the agribusiness from the input process to the processing process. However, previous research has not much explored the factors influencing the emergence of agribusiness collective action in FOs. The limitation of previous research leads to the failure to understand the emerging issues of processes and mechanisms of collective action within FOs. Agribusiness activities carried out collectively by Gapoktan Sri Mulya are related to the social bonding and social bridging to a willingness to do agribusiness activities collectively. However, collective action in agribusiness production is not optimal, particularly in anticipating climate change. It was because the factors of human capital, such as education and knowledge of farmers in developing rice farming can also affect the efficiency of farming.