Effect of temperature and mass ratio (NH₄F:SnCl₂.2H₂O) to conductive glass fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) performance

One of the most important components that influences the performance of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is conductive glass. Conductive glass is required to have high optical transmittance and low electrical resistance. One of the conductive glass that is being researched at this time is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) which has a cheaper price than conductive glass from other materials. FTO requires further research in order to have a transmittance above 80% and electrical resistance below 30 Ω/sq. Parameters that can affect the characteristic value of FTO are the deposition temperature and mass ratio (NH₄F:SnCl₂.2H₂O). This research varied the mass ratio of ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) at the 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% with a fixed sintering temperature of 400 °C. In addition, the variation of sintering temperature at 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 °C in a fixed mass ratio of 4 wt% NH₄F were also studied. FTO was made by spray pyrolysis deposition method using the OMRON NE-C28 Nebulizer. This method was chosen because the easy installation and uniform layer thickness. The best results were obtained at the sintering temperature of 400 °C and mass ratio of 8 wt% with the electrical resistance of 9.186 Ω/sq and the highest transmittance of 90.047% at a wavelength of 800 nm.