Research on Evaluation of Conservation Planning Implementation of Nanshe Historic Village in Dongguan City

Conservation planning plays an important role in the protection and development of historic villages. The evaluation of conservation planning is helpful to find out the problems existing in the village protection work which helps to improve the conservation planning system. The paper briefly summarizes the conservation planning background of Nanshe historic village in Dongguan city, Guangdong province, China. The conservation planning guided the protection work of Nanshe village since 2002. It evaluates four aspects of the conservation planning implementation and effect such as protection and utilization of the ancient buildings, roadway repair, landscape and basic sanitation facilities improvement by ways of field research and questionnaire survey. There are only nineteen ancient buildings repaired and the rest of them are part of repaired or not repaired. Most of the roadways are well preserved. Only four of them are partly repaired or not repaired. Most of the villagers like to chat under the ancient banyan trees. Conservation Planning pays not much attention to the needs of the residents. Although conservation planning of Nanshe village developed the near, middle and long term target it actually took 14 years to carry out the near target. It enhances the social awareness of Nanshe village and the sense of belongings of the villagers. Most of the villagers are satisfied with the implementation of the conservation planning. Meanwhile, the paper exposes the conservation planning is too idealistic. It lacks of implementation details and the three phases of the investment funds and pays not much attention to the needs of residents.


Introduction
China started on the selection activities of historic towns and villages in 2003.So far 528 national historic towns and villages were selected by the ministry of housing and the state bureau of cultural relics. The healthy and sustainable developments of the historic towns and villages have been included in the national economic and social development plan of China. However, in reality because of the 2 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245 (2017) 052001 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052001 lack of legal system and procedure the planning implementation is not carried out in accordance with the planning [1]. China is still in its infancy on the evaluation of urban planning [2]. A large number of repeated planning is working which cannot play a real role in the protection of the historic towns and villages.
The evaluation of planning implementation can be divided into the evaluation of the planning before implementation, the process of planning practice, the policy implementation and the evaluation of the planning implementation, [3]. Nanshe village belongs to China's 2nd batch of historic villages. The Conservation planning of Nanshe village has been implemented 14 years. How much the planning implemented? How much influence and effect has been produced? What problems still exist? We try to through the field investigation, questionnaire interviews, seminars and other ways to research the village to answer these questions. We contrast conservation planning with implementation reality from four aspects include protection and utilization of the ancient buildings, roadway repair, landscape and basic sanitation facilities.

Cultural value of Nanshe Historic village
Nanshe village is located in the Pearl River Delta in Chashan town Dongguan city. The village was built in the Southern Song Dynasty and it had about 800 years of history. The village covers an area of about 69000 square meters. Nanshe village is now preserved the layout of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The village is bounded by the ancient city wall relics. The village has 30 ancient temples and more than 250 seats along the pond.
Two buildings of "Bai Sui Fang" and "Xie Yuqi temple" were listed as the Dongguan cultural relic conservation unit in 1993 in Nanshe village. The ancient buildings in Nanshe village were listed as the Guangdong provincial cultural relic conservation unit in 2002. Nanshe village was listed as China's 2nd batch of historic villages in 2005. And it was successfully listed as the national key cultural relic conservation unit, the Chinese landscape village, the Chinese national excellent construction -the charm of the village, the Chinese traditional village and so on.

Conservation planning
In order to better protect the overall pattern of Nanshe village the committee of Nanshe village commissioned Institute of urban planning and design, Tsinghua University and Institute of architectural history and heritage building, Tsinghua University to complete the conservation planning of Nanshe village in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province . According to field research and questionnaire survey it actually took 14 years to carry out the near target. The middle and long term target were failed due to funding, demolition and other difficulties in implementation. According to the requirements of conservation planning the focus of the near target is to record ancient buildings existing within the protected areas, repair 7 key building temples and 16 key residential buildings as well as 5 other key constructions in the village. The middle target is to repair 6 original village buildings and 2 ancestral temples. The long term target is to carry out regular maintenance of protection of ancient buildings and expand the protection surface of the village.

Protection and utilization of ancient buildings evaluation
According to the results of field research we find that the ancestral temple buildings distributed on both sides of the pond are better repaired as shown in Fig.1. For example the Rentian temple、Baisui temple and Janezhai ancestral temple are all in good repair and maintenance. If you go to the depths of the alley you will find that many buildings are not well repaired and some residential ancient buildings are abandoned.
Many ancient ancestral temples well repaired are currently used as exhibition place. A small part of the ancestral shrine buildings still retain the original function. The minority ancestral halls have no functional use because the repaired situations are not well. Some residential buildings in Nanshe village are used as catering building.

Roadway repair evaluation
According to the requirements of the conservation plan the focus of the near target is to repair the lane road of ancestral temple by using traditional materials and styles. The middle target is to repair the north and south side road according to the original stone or stone pavement and four bridges as well as form the pedestrian road around the village so as to prohibit the vehicle.
According to the results of field research we find that the most ancient roadway repair well and use the original stone pavement. There are also some unrepaired roadways inside the village deeply as shown in Fig.2. The main road around the pond failed to completely prohibit motor vehicles. Although the main road used the stone to pave the stone material is new and showing an uncoordinated style with the ancient architecture.

Green landscape evaluation
According to the requirements of the conservation plan the near target is to remove the temporary shelter in the old buildings and clean up and repair the wells, ancient graves, ancient trees and open spaces in the protected areas. The middle target is to remove the new construction and planting in the old buildings and two concrete bridges and clean the village pond. The long term target is to plant trees around the old village to form a circle of green belt so as to separate the old and the new district in the ancient village. According to the results of field research we find that there are some leisure chairs under the ancient banyan trees to form the high using leisure place in the village. Some old buildings are turned into the accommodation with Lingnan characteristic by environment reconstruction as shown in Fig.3. Some leisure parks are built in the ancient village of Nanshe in the control zone. New park was built outside the west and north gate of Nanshe historic village with some basketball and fitness facilities. According to the survey we find that people like to stay in the range of Nanshe village walls better than outside the ancient wall.

3.4Basic sanitation facilities construction evaluation
According to the requirements of the conservation plan the near target is to build a small amount of infrastructure such as toilets, septic tanks, etc. along the road of old buildings and establish some folk art exhibition hall as well as tourism infrastructure and tourist spots. The middle target is to complete the water, electricity, toilets, septic tanks and other projects in the control zone and adjust the public facilities and service outlets.
According to the results of field research we find that Nanshe village adds garbage landfill and set a trash can every 300 meters.

Conclusions
There are four evaluation criteria for the evaluation of the planning: effect, net benefit, internal validity and external validity [4]. In order to research the effect of conservation planning implementation of Nanshe village we lead our architecture students to carry out field investigation of Nanshe Village in 2015 and 2016. We sent out 302 questionnaires and returned all of them including 169 male and 133 female. Among them 60% residents have lived in the village for more than 10 years.
According to the survey results the villagers feel generally satisfied with the change of Nanshe village in recent 14 years. They view that environment of Nanshe village has been improved and ancient buildings have been repaired as shown in Fig.4. They welcome the tourists to come to Nanshe village. 52% of villagers think the ancient buildings maintain the original appearance and have been repaired well as shown in Fig.5. 87% of villagers think that roadways in Nanshe village have been repaired well and the traffic is convenient as shown in Fig.6. More than 50% of the villagers fell satisfied with the green landscape and sanitation facilities in Nanshe village as shown in Fig.7.and Fig.8.
Most of the villagers support the implementation of conservation planning very much and agree with the protection of Nanshe village. The Nanshe village protected well not only improves the living environment of the villagers but also enhance sense of belonging of the villagers. Nanshe village has showed on the CCTV program four times since 2014 by virtue of its ancient architectural features and traditional culture [5]. The social visibility of Nanshe village is also greatly improved. Conservation planning of Nanshe village developed the near, middle and long term target. But it actually took 14 years to carry out the near target. Nevertheless, conservation planning of Nanshe village plays a good guiding role to ancient architecture protection and utilization, roadway repair, landscaping and sanitation infrastructure construction. And the protection and restoration of the ancient village also enhance the social awareness of Nanshe village and strengthen the villagers' pride and a sense of belonging as well as attract more and more tourists year by year. At the same time, we also find that the conservation planning of Nanshe village is too ideal. There are many realistic factors have not been fully considered in the planning. We hope that the problems can be found on the conservation planning process and content which can play a positive feedback to promote the conservation planning in the protection of cultural heritage to play a greater role.