Instrumental research method of qualitative composition of landfill gas in the surface layer of landfills

The article analyzes the practice of waste management in Russia. The system of target indicators of the efficient landfills functioning is formalized. The method of instrumental analysis of concentration and qualitative composition of landfill gas in the surface layer of the Samosyrovo landfill is presented.

As of 2014, in the Russian Federation there are 5 168.3 million tones of . wastes have been generated. [1] Out of the total volume of annually generated waste about 60 million tons are SDW, from which the result of the life activity of the population is about 50 million tons and 10 million tons of industrial waste. The annual increase in waste volumes is 3-4%. [2]. In addition, according to statistics, specific volumes of waste generation in Russia are 350 kg / person in a year that is significantly lower than the average for Europe (503 kg / person per year), and even than in the EU-12 (420 kg / person), whose income level is close to Russian. [3] According to the established practice, almost all the volume of solid waste is stored on landfills and dumps, and only 4-5% of the waste is involved in recycling. A low percentage of SDW involvement in processing is due to the lack of a sufficient number of enterprises for recycling of waste and waste disposal facilities. In total, 1092 specially arranged places for waste disposal (solid waste landfills) are registered in Russia, which is several times less than even authorized landfills, which are about 10 thousand. According to Rosprirodnadzor data, in 45% of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation the project capacity of landfills is lower than the established annual waste accumulation rate . All above it determines the prerequisites for reforming the industry of handling, processing, utilization and disposal of waste in the Russian Federation. The existing system of waste management needs to be promptly adjusted taking into account the global world trends.
Along with systematical upgrade of the waste management system, it is necessary to establish the following targets: -percentage of waste to the disposal from the total volume of generated waste, -damage to the environment associated with the removal of land from use, pollution of the environment, -energy intensity of the burial process and subsequent reclamation of the landfill. The condition for optimizing these criteria comprehensively determines the effectiveness of the waste management system. Consider the selected criteria. 1. The proportion of waste to the disposal in the total volume of waste generated. The formation of waste is inextricably linked with the process of human life. Moreover, the growth of welfare and economic development only increase the volume of waste generated. Therefore, a system of total disposal of waste with full volume inevitably leads to increased costs associated with organizations of landfills, their content and reclamation. At the same time, land plots are withdrawn from circulation directly by landfills and the scope of use of adjacent sites is limited. The existing optimization mechanisms presuppose preliminary segmentation (including separate collection), mechanical modification of the state and form of waste (pressing), and problem-oriented methods of influence that determine the reduction in the volumes and degree of aggressiveness of wastes sent for disposal (thermal, chemical, microbiological, etc.). Based on the analysis of the initial data on the landfill, a preliminary plan was drawn up for the assessment of the energy potential of the first SDW landfill map: 1 Instrumental study of qualitative composition of landfill gas in the surface layer 1 of the SDW landfill map 2 Determination of quantitative parameters of landfill gas emissions from the surface of the landfill 3 Investigation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the landfill gas withdrawn through the arrangement of wells. The study of the actual morphological composition of waste in the body of the test site at the reference points.
4 Modeling the process of methanogenesis in the body of the test site and assessing the energy potential of the first SDW landfill map Instrumental study of qualitative composition of landfill gas in the surface layer 1 of the SDW landfill map. Instrumental investigation of the qualitative composition of the landfill gas in the surface layer 1 of the SDW landfill map was carried out using an analytical sampling probe for sampling the qualitative composition of the landfill gas in the surface layer of the polygon body from a depth of 500 mm.
As a gas analyzer, a complex analysis instrument for the qualitative composition of Geotech GA2000 gaseous from Keison Products, England was used.
Based on the set radius of the sampling point coverage of 20 meters, 23 samples were analyzed.
The results of the analysis are presented in Tables 1-4.     1  -31  55  96  134  52  23  24  40  112  60  21  29  25  33  19  34  22  21  31  75  16  27  27 During the analysis of the results of the study of the qualitative composition of the landfill gas in the surface layer 1 of the SDW landfill map, the increase (up to 20%) of methane concentration in the northeastern part of the map of the 1 landfill is established; significant uneven distribution of methane concentration in the surface layer of the top area of the first polygon map; presence of local areas (bubbles / cavities) of increased (up to 60%) concentration of methane in the body of the first map of the landfill; the surface layer of the first polygon map has an uneven layer of overspill, at a number of sites the thickness of the overpacking layer exceeds 500 mm; the actual stage of the life cycle of organic inclusions in the body of the first polygon map allows us to continue the studies of quantitative emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere; the actual stage of the life cycle of organic inclusions in the body of the first map of the landfill allows us to positively consider the feasibility of building an energy complex for landfill gas, but the data obtained are not sufficient for a comprehensive assessment of the energy potential.