DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING PROTOTYPE OF WASTE VOLUME MONITORING USING INTERNET OF THINGS

In Indonesia, especially Jakarta have a lot of garbage strewn that can be an eyesore and also cause pollution that can carry diseases. Garbage strewn can cause many things, one of her dues is bins are overflowing due to the full so it can not accommodate the waste dumped from other people. Thus, the author created a new method for waste disposal more systematic. In creating new method requires a technology to supports, then the author makes a prototype for waste volume monitoring. By using the internet of things prototype of waste volume monitoring may give notification to the sanitary agency that waste in the trash bin needs to be disposal. In this study, conducted the design and manufactured of prototype waste volume monitoring using LinkItONE board based by Arduino and an ultrasonic sensor for appliance senses. Once the prototype is completed, evaluation in order to determine whether the prototype will function properly. The result showed that the expected function of a prototype waste volume monitoring can work well.


Introduction
Waste strewn on the street can be an eyesore and also cause pollution, especially pollution which can carry diseases. all those problems existed in Jakarta. Therefore, the author had the idea to devise a method of transporting waste more systematic. When creating new method requires a technology that can provide the ability to give notification to the sanitary agency that waste in the trash bin needs to be disposed, so waste would not be overflow from the trash bin. Given this capabilities, the sanitary agency can inform decision more efficiency such as how many human resources and truck should be sent to the location, and when the sanitary agency could deploy for disposing the waste in that location without disturbing the activities of other people that live in that area. When constructing the waste volume monitoring prototype the author required a platform like the internet of things. Internet of things (IoT) is the latest communication model, where objects and tools of daily life will be equipped with technology to communicate, and the appropriate protocol that will enable them to communicate with each other and the user, which become an integral part of the internet [1]. In the recent paper of Harmon said [2], that IoT can describe the architecture of the integrated system between sensors, software, networks, and the appropriate interfaces that will provide real-time awareness, process, and knowledge to gather intelligence to be able to make good decisions. IoT will encourage the development of applications that has great potential in a wide range of data generated by those objects to simplify the use of the old and new services to citizen, companies and public administration, with allows easy access and interaction with a wide range of devices.
The application of IoT can be classified into various types based on network availability, size, coverage, and repeatability [3].
• Smart Home / Smart Building The focus of this prototype is the internet of things for environmental monitoring and utilities. This waste volume monitoring prototype have a capability of sensing and distributing data so they can give an information to the sanitary agency, so they can make a better decision to manage their resources.
In order to make this new system for waste disposal, the author need an IoT platform for its base, In this paper the author used Sensor-Cloud Platform [4], this platform aims to manage physical sensor by connecting them to the cloud -or can be called cloud computing as a computing paradigm where many systems are connected each other, to provide scalable infrastructure of application and file storage [5]. And provide services such as automation data retrieval which will be submitted to the cloud to be processed and can be part of a resource. this paper will explain of developing and evaluating waste volume monitoring prototype. what kind of devices and application this prototype used, and then the author will evaluate the function to determine whether the prototype will work properly as expected.

Monitoring of Waste Volume
In order to conserve the environment, important features were needed to make the environment has a degree of autonomy, adjusting to changes in the environment, and communicate with humans in a natural way. Automation that can affect the amount of interaction required by the population, as well as reducing the consumption of utilities and other potential losses [3] [6].
In such an environment, waste disposal is important in order to society to live hygienically. To safeguard public health and the environment from potential harm because of the delay in disposing the waste/garbage, environmental management must be developed and implemented. Waste management is an important requirement for ecologically sustainable development in many countries [7].
With this kind of technology-waste volume monitoring prototype, will give a lot of advantages Like Bashir, A. has written, such as [ That point shows that the new method of managing waste in an efficient way may reduce the inappropriate use of human resource, time and cost [8] [10]. And also by comparing to the conventional static scheduling of transporting waste, this system scheduling are said to allow cost reduction, by reducing the number of trucks, and manual labor cost [10].
To create the prototype, the author used one sensor, which is sensor ultrasonic, a LinkItONE board, and ubidots application as a server to collect data, analyze and sending the notification.

Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
Just like the authors of [10][11] did, in this paper the author using an ultrasonic sensor. The workings of this sensor is automatically send a signal ultrasonic periodically and will detect whether there will be a signal ultrasonic that will be reflected back to the ultrasonic sensor, if the sensor receives the reflection, the author could mentioned the time signal sent by the sensor until the sensor detects the reflected signal is called duration / time. After the authors obtain data duration / time, the author could find the distance between waste and ultrasonic sensor using this formula: in this case the author need to use the speed of sound which is 344 m/s, because sensor ultrasonic using ultrasonic sound when release a signal. After that the author need to divide by 2 because the sound had travel 2 times, one from sensor to garbage/waste, and one more from garbage/waste to sensor. And the formula becomes like this: s = ( t x 344 m/s) / 2

Ubidots
According to www.ubidots.com [13] Ubidots is an engineering services firm, specializing in hardware and software development for internet of things projects. In ubidots, the data from sensor will be analyzed and presented as a line diagram. Ubidots also provide the feature to send SMS and e-mail.

Metodology
By using the prototype, the author constructs a new process for new waste disposal method, there are 5 step for the new method [14][15].
Step 1 : Using the ultrasonic sensor to obtain data duration of the round trip of signal ultrasonic to the trash and back to the sensor again. This phase will be carried out periodically, so the available data will continue to generate real-time data.
Step 2 : after that, the data of duration receive by the PCB, then the PCB will do the calculation process to obtain the distance between the sensor and waste/garbage. Step 3 : Distance data will be received by the ubidots to be managed and processed so it can be seen and read by users with ease.
Step 4 : Then Ubidots will process the distance data to be measured, if the distance data exceed or equals to the predetermined value of the limit, it will proceed to the next step, but if it turns out not reach out to the predetermined value, then it will go back to the first step.
Step 5 : Ubidots will generate notification alert if waste bin already reached the point of full and the garbage/waste need to be disposed.

Data Resources
In this study the author conducted trials using waste volume monitoring prototype that the authors created. The data consist of time, distance, and the sent of notification alerts. 3 sessions will be conducted trials which have different condition, ie: 1. At the time when waste bin is empty 2. At the time when waste bin will be filled with trash periodically until half full. 3. At the time when waste bin will be filled with trash periodically until reach the limit value that have been set. Where, the first session will take 30 data based on roscoe said that in the experimental study recommended 30 samples or more [16]. As for the trial of the 2 nd and 3 rd only done 10 times due simply to see whether the function of waste volume monitoring are work properly.

Evaluation
When conducting this evaluation the author has a target whether the waste volume monitoring technology would function properly. therefore in this study the author conducted three trials, in which trial has a different assessment requirements.
In the first trial whether the monitoring waste volume prototype can give the exact distance data as expected, by calculating the accuracy of the results using this formula:

= * 100%
Where, • b is number of correct data • a is amount of data from the trial The second trial is whether this prototype can give actual distance data in real time. And for the 3 rd trial the author wanted to know whether the function of notification alert will be sent successfully in accordance with a predetermined distance.

Result
In this study the author use a container that has a length of 30 cm, width 27 cm, and 36.5 cm high with volume of 29565 cm 3 . In the first trial the author get a result like in the table below:  Can be seen that at the result of number 9 and 10 the notification has been sent. Prove that the main function of this prototype is work properly.

Conclusion and Suggestion
Based on the research that has been done, the prototype of monitoring the waste volume can function well up to receives notifications alert when a container filled up, Can be seen from the table in chapter 4. So with this prototype sanitary agency can use a new method of waste disposal.
Although the prototype of monitoring the waste volume had given a good results, there remains some suggestions for development. As it takes its expert systems in order to make a better system and prevent errors that might occur later. It also calls for additional technologies such as GPS to detect trash anywhere and temperature sensor for more actual data of distance calculation.