Calculation of the Thermal Parameters and Change in The Share of Emissions of Harmful Substances During Combustion of Water-Fuel Emulsion

The article investigates the possibility to improve efficiency and ecological compatibility of fuel oil with use water-fuel emulsion. The calculation of the thermal parameters and change in the share of emissions of harmful substances during combustion of water-fuel emulsion and optimal water content in water-fuel emulsion.


Introduction
Recently in the world is observed the essential growth of consumption of energy resources, such as oil, natural gas, fuel oil is Fuel oil is the most widespread type of the liquid fuel intended for combustion in heating boiler room to generate heat.
So, Oil Transporting Joint Stock Company «Transneft» uses fuel oil in volume of not less than 10 000 tons per year for heating of production and administrative buildings and for heating of viscous and high-viscous oils Furnace fuel oil has similar structure with crude oil and it is characterized by considerable viscosity, density, content of high-molecular substances and petroleum resins. Currently fuel oil is considered ineffective and ecologically dirty type of fuel [1].
One of the promising ways to improve efficiency and ecological compatibility of fuel oil is the use of water-fuel emulsion, which is a compound of fuel oil and water at the molecular level, where the water becomes the catalyst for improving and accelerating the combustion process [2].
The aim of research is the calculation of the thermal parameters and change in the share of emissions of harmful substances during combustion of water-fuel emulsion.

Materials and methods
In the course of research were studied physical-chemical properties of furnace fuel oil of the M-100, including conditional viscosity which was studied with the help of the viscometer at 80 and 100 °C. Theoretical dependence was constructed using of standard values of viscosity at 80 and 100 °C has taken from GOST 10585-99. On the basis of the obtained results was constructed experimental dependence of conditional viscosity from temperature , it is shown at Figure 1.
In the process of calculating the thermal parameters were investigated the dependence of the maximal temperature of combustion water-fuel emulsions from the percentage of water in it [3].
To determine the amount of heat in the combustion process, coefficient of efficiency and change in the share of emissions of harmful substances (emissions of oxide of nitrogen) was made a comparison of experimental data from water-fuel emulsions and furnace fuel oil M-100 by combustion, the results are presented at Figures 2-4. Experiment was made in the closed furnace chamber with using the thermometer and a gas analyzer.
To determine thermal parameters such as heat capacity, the number of formed heat and coefficient of efficiency was created the mathematical model of the combustion process and energy conservation equation in a closed combustion chamber [4].
We write the continuity equation: where t -independent variable, ρ -mass density, rate of movement the conservation impulse equation: (2) energy conservation equation: where τ -burning time, S -entropy, q -heat of combustion After transformation of this system, we write the energy conservation equation: Figure 1 shows the theoretical and experimental dependences of relative viscosity from temperature.   Figure 2 shows the graphical dependence of the amount of heat formed by the combustion of water-fuel emulsion and oil fuel from the excess air.    In the research, process was also applied additive MgO. In the contact zone of water and material of the boiler presents vanadium, which stimulates the destruction of the protective layer of Fe 2 O 3 at the metal, leads to corrosion of the boiler elements [5,6].

Results and Discussion
The magnesium oxide binds sulfur oxide SO 3 , is formed of magnesium sulfite, which is destroyed.
As a result of decrease in the concentration of sulfuric acid in the flue gases lowers the dew point. Owing to interaction of additive with sulfur the amount of harmful emissions is reduced significantly

Conclusion
Consider the use of water-fuel emulsions based on fuel oil for combustion in boiler rooms, heating buildings and industrial objects. As a result of researches, it is revealed that the water-fuel emulsion has higher coefficient of efficiency and allocates bigger amount of energy in the combustion process. As a result of the analysis of data of the thermometer the dependence of a heat of water share in a water fuel emulsion, it is presented in figure 5. The figure demonstrates that with increasing proportion of water the heating process decreases, that negatively influences heating process. It is revealed that in order to avoid more reduction of heating process optimal is the addition of 15% water. Thus, the article is shown of the calculation of the thermal parameters of the combustion of water-fuel emulsion, which it is a promising kind of fuel.