Preface

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering International Nuclear Science, Technology and Engineering Conference 2023 (iNuSTEC2023) “Nuclear Science and Technology For Socio-economic Development “ Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 10-12 October 2023 MESSAGE FROM: VICE-CHANCELLOR, UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL (UNITEN) UNITEN is honored to host the International Nuclear Science, Technology, and Engineering Conference 2023 (iNUSTEC2023) and the Nuclear Youth Competition (NYC). With the theme “Nuclear Science and Technology for Sustainable Development Goals”, iNuSTEC2023 is the thirteenth in a series of conferences hosted by the Malaysian Nuclear Society (MNS) since 2010 through collaboration with research institutes and local universities. Don’t we feel like time has passed by so quickly? And with it, came along significant and some were unthinkable changes to our lives. According to Our World in Data statistics, in 2022, each of us consumed on average 3.5 times more energy compared to 40 years ago. In the year 2050, Malaysia is expected to consume almost twice the amount of electricity in 2022 (320 TWh vs. 180 TWh). This means that on a daily basis in 2050, Malaysia is expected to consume close to 0.9 TWh of electricity per day. About 50 million electric vehicles are expected to be on the road in 2050. Every day, about 0.6 TWh of electricity is needed to charge these cars. That is an additional two-thirds of the expected daily electricity consumption per person in 2050. Malaysia has identified the pathways for Responsible Transition 2050 in the National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) to tackle the energy trilemma of affordability, security, and sustainability. These pathways include having 0% coal share and 70% renewable energy share of installed capacity in 2050. 70% of renewable energy share is about 57 GW of solar PV, which will take a total land size that is slightly smaller than Melaka state. The same amount of power can be generated by nuclear power on a total land size that is 10 times smaller. That is not even considering the intermittency of power generation with solar PV. At UNITEN, we believe that research and knowledge in nuclear power can play a huge role in supporting the Low Carbon Nation Aspiration and the Responsible Transition, especially in providing affordable, clean and safe energy supply to the Rakyat. Institute of Nuclear Energy (INE) at UNITEN was established in May this year to further empower and accelerate the existing research and educational efforts done at UNITEN since 2010. At the university level, UNITEN has established the National Energy Centre (NEC) to support the national energy transition efforts. NEC will serve as a hub for research institutes, industrial and international linkages, and government agencies to form collaborations with experts from local and foreign universities, energy agencies, and stakeholders. UNITEN envisions that NEC will play a significant role in providing technological solutions for Malaysia’s energy transition which will be beneficial to Malaysia, as well as the surrounding region. NEC will also play the role of capacity building for the country’s future workforce that will lead Malaysia towards net-zero in 2050. I extend my warmest invitation to every participant attending this conference, to be a part of this concerted nationwide effort in championing sustainability through involvement with the NEC. I would like to remind participants, that you are among the very small percentage of Malaysia’s population, who are experts in the nuclear field. Thank you so much for your contributions to keeping the knowledge related to nuclear science and engineering alive, despite how hard or negative it can get in the industry. Congratulations to the organizing committee for hosting this iNuSTEC2023 together with the Nuclear Youth Competition (NYC2023). My deepest appreciation goes to our keynote speakers, technical co-sponsors, and all supporters for their contribution to ensuring the success of this conference. To the presenters and participants, thank you for your participation and I wish the conference all success. PROFESSOR IR. DR. NOOR AZUAN ABU OSMAN Vice-Chancellor Universiti Tenaga Nasional List of Editors, Contents, Papers, iNuSTEC2023 Organising Committee, Nuclear Youth Competition 2023 Secretariat, Nuclear Youth Competition 2023, Acknowledgement, Mns Council Members 2023/2025, are available in the pdf.

UNITEN is honored to host the International Nuclear Science, Technology, and Engineering Conference 2023 (iNUSTEC2023) and the Nuclear Youth Competition (NYC).With the theme "Nuclear Science and Technology for Sustainable Development Goals", iNuSTEC2023 is the thirteenth in a series of conferences hosted by the Malaysian Nuclear Society (MNS) since 2010 through collaboration with research institutes and local universities.
Don't we feel like time has passed by so quickly?And with it, came along significant and some were unthinkable changes to our lives.According to Our World in Data statistics, in 2022, each of us consumed on average 3.5 times more energy compared to 40 years ago.In the year 2050, Malaysia is expected to consume almost twice the amount of electricity in 2022 (320 TWh vs. 180 TWh).This means that on a daily basis in 2050, Malaysia is expected to consume close to 0.9 TWh of electricity per day.
About 50 million electric vehicles are expected to be on the road in 2050.Every day, about 0.6 TWh of electricity is needed to charge these cars.That is an additional two-thirds of the expected daily electricity consumption per person in 2050.Malaysia has identified the pathways for Responsible Transition 2050 in the National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) to tackle the energy trilemma of affordability, security, and sustainability.These pathways include having 0% coal share and 70% renewable energy share of installed capacity in 2050.
70% of renewable energy share is about 57 GW of solar PV, which will take a total land size that is slightly smaller than Melaka state.The same amount of power can be generated by nuclear power on a total land size that is 10 times smaller.That is not even considering the intermittency of power generation with solar PV.
At UNITEN, we believe that research and knowledge in nuclear power can play a huge role in supporting the Low Carbon Nation Aspiration and the Responsible Transition, especially in providing affordable, clean and safe energy supply to the Rakyat.Institute of Nuclear Energy (INE) at UNITEN was established in May this year to further empower and accelerate the existing research and educational efforts done at UNITEN since 2010.
At the university level, UNITEN has established the National Energy Centre (NEC) to support the national energy transition efforts.NEC will serve as a hub for research institutes, industrial and international linkages, and government agencies to form collaborations with experts from local and foreign universities, energy agencies, and stakeholders.
UNITEN envisions that NEC will play a significant role in providing technological solutions for Malaysia's energy transition which will be beneficial to Malaysia, as well as the surrounding region.NEC will also play the role of capacity building for the country's future workforce that will lead Malaysia towards net-zero in 2050.I extend my warmest invitation to every participant attending this conference, to be a part of this concerted nationwide effort in championing sustainability through involvement with the NEC.
I would like to remind participants, that you are among the very small percentage of Malaysia's population, who are experts in the nuclear field.Thank you so much for your contributions to keeping the knowledge related to nuclear science and engineering alive, despite how hard or negative it can get in the industry.
Congratulations to the organizing committee for hosting this iNuSTEC2023 together with the Nuclear Youth Competition (NYC2023).My deepest appreciation goes to our keynote speakers, 3 technical co-sponsors, and all supporters for their contribution to ensuring the success of this conference.To the presenters and participants, thank you for your participation and I wish the conference all success.

M MESSAGE FROM: PRESIDENT, MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY (MNS)
I am really pleased to congratulate all keynote speakers, sponsors, presenters, and participants for the contribution and participating in the International Nuclear Science, Technology and Engineering Conference (iNuSTEC2023).Ideally, the iNuSTEC2023 is organized to enhance the importance of nuclear science, technology, and engineering in developing socio-economic in Malaysia.Malaysian Nuclear Society (MNS) is truly honored to organize this event for the third time with Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN).Successful conferences from previous years, at both national and international levels, have brought this event to be more meaningful to strengthen nuclear development for global growth under challenging situation With the support from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Malaysia Section, and Malaysian Welding and Joining Society (MWJS), the MNS is indeed honored to co-organise this event with UNITEN and with organizations such as Nuclear Malaysia Agency, UTM, UKM, UM, UiTM, USIM and UTHM.The affiliation of the Institute of Nuclear Energy of UNITEN and advanced Nuclear Engineering Research Group of UTM and Institute of Nuclear Engineers (INE) of MNS, to make iNuSTEC2023 a success is a good testament that nuclear still remain relevant in the heart of the young generation to move towards greater strength in nuclear fields.In the future, MNS members shall strive to reach out to more diverse population in order to make nuclear ecosystem more conducive and stronger.
This conference had been supported by experienced and young researchers that can give a platform for them to discuss and debate on the latest development in all areas of nuclear technology applications for friendly purposes at the international level.This would spur and catalyse further research and development leading to the sustainability and improvement of the quality of life without compromising the quality of the environment in Malaysia and the world.
MNS is a unique non-governmental organisation that is formed and headed by individuals that are aligned to the beneficial and peaceful usage of nuclear science, engineering, and technology which has been incorporated under the Malaysian Society Act.The MNS has been actively promoting the information, advancement, popularization, and understanding of nuclear the public in Malaysia and this conference is one of the ways of realizing such aim.This conference is also served as a public acceptance program to introduce the benefits and advantages of the use of nuclear science, engineering, and technology to the public on a large scale.On top of that MNS also published twice a year on regular basis the Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies (JNRT) and Buletin Nuklear Malaysia (BNM) for researchers to share their research findings with the community.We also publish iNuSTEC proceedings on yearly basis.
I would like to express my thank to UNITEN for hosting iNuSTEC2023 and Nuclear Youth Competition 2023.I wish to express my heartful thanks to all speakers for your willingness to share your experience with the participants and presenters for the development of the nuclear field.The contribution is not only coming from the Malaysian scientific community but also distinguished guest speakers of iNuSTEC2023.to all the personnel involved for their unwavering efforts to make this event a success.May all these efforts bring benefits to all of us and I congratulate everyone involved in making this conference successful event.