A literature review on injection moulding process based on runner system and process variables

Injection moulding is the fabrication process which is the most widely used for polymeric. This paper describes Injection moulding process in detail along with its process parameters and their effects on the moulding component. Runner system is playing a significant role in the quality of the moulded part. Every injection moulding method works when a plastic substance flows from the sprue of the runner system, through a gate into the mould cavity. Runner system is of two types, Hot runner and cold runner system, both having some advantages and disadvantages of each. Research has been carried out which concludes about the effectiveness of hot runner over the cold runner. It has been observed that although hot runner gives better quality of the product, many of the industries use cold runner due to the high cost and complexity of the design. The paper deals with the illustration of mould defects related to the process parameters and the need for its Optimization. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of hot runner systems and scrap reduction of the process by replacing the cold runner system with the hot runner.