Rice lines potentially as new varieties for acidic dry lands

Dry land has great potential to support programs to increase national rice production by increasing the planted area. The aim of the study was to evaluate the yield of upland rice lines to obtain several lines of upland rice which had high yield and had the potential to be released as new varieties for acid dry land. The experiment was carried out in Lampung on DS 2020. A total of 60 advanced upland rice lines and comparison varieties were used as material for this experiment. The variables observed were plant height, number of productive tillers, age of flowering plants (50%), harvestable age (80% yellowing of rice), number of filled and empty grains per panicle, weight of 1000 filled grains, yield. milled dry grain and its resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. From the preliminary yield test, ten lines showed comparable yields above the best comparison variety Inpago 12. The lines were B14986E-MR-26 (6.78 t/ha), B15151E-MR-23 (6.39 t/ha), B15151E-MR-21 (6.61 t/ha), B15151E-MR-18 (5.95 t/ha), B15340 -2B-TB-23 (5.87 t/ha), B15154E-MR-2 (6.33 t/ha), B15151E-MR-1 (5.78 t/ha), B13017B-RS*1-2-6-PN-11-2-1 (5.94 t/ha) and B15511D-KR-31 (6.32 t/ha). Those lines have long (L), medium (M) and medium chalkiness (M) sizes. The rice texture is between medium and soft.


Introduction
The upland rice breeding program is aimed at assembling upland rice varieties that have high yield potential, are tolerant of certain biotic and abiotic stresses, and have good quality rice. A number of high-yielding upland rice varieties have been released by the Agricultural Research and Development Agency [1]. The abiotic factors found in upland rice cultivation in red and yellow podzolic land are drought, soil acidity which is closely related to Al poisoning, and low soil fertility [2,3,4,5].
Superior varieties such as Inpago 8, Inpago 9 and Inpago 12, adaptive in acid soil, also have a relatively high yield potential of 8-10 tonnes/ha [6]. Several varieties have also been widely grown in farmers such as Situ Patenggang and Batutegi. These varieties are directed to cultivate rice in lowland dry land as monoculture crops. The upland rice varieties that have been released have certain advantages, but they still have weaknesses. Further improvements are needed in particular to increase the genetic diversity of blast resistance and rice quality [7].
Rice grain quality depend on product characteristics could either be intrinsic, such as taste, texture, or colour; or extrinsic to the product, such as packaging, brand, or label [8]. Some attributes that define the quality of rice most preferred by consumers were taste, cooking quality, cooking time and aroma [9]. Variety that has good rice quality have higher selling value and can indirectly increase farmers' income [10].

Time and Place
The experiment was carried out in Lampung on first planting season 2020.

Materials
A total of 60 advanced upland rice lines and four comparison varieties, i.e., Inpago 7, Inpago 8, Inpago 12, and Limboto were used as material for this experiment.

Experiment Design
Design of this experiment was randomize complete block design with three replication. . The plot size is 1.8 m x 5 m, the spacing is 30 cm x 15 cm, plant the seeds directly by means of a hole, the number of seeds is 2-3 seeds per planting hole. The fertilizer used is 300 kg / ha NPK + 100 kg / ha Urea. Plants are maintained until harvest, control of pests and diseases following the IPM guidelines.

Observation
The variables observed were plant height, number of productive tillers, age of flowering plants (50%), harvestable age (80% yellowing of rice), number of filled and empty grains per panicle, weight of 1000 filled grains (14% moisture content), yield. milled dry grain (14% moisture content) and grain quality.

Data Analysis
Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The difference in average between lines will be tested with the smallest real difference (LSD) at the real difference level of 5%.

Field Performance
The agronomic parameters observed included plant height, number of productive tillers, 50% flowering age and harvest age. The performance of upland rice lines is shown in Table 1. Documentation of activities of pest-resistant upland rice lines is presented in Figure 1. The results of the analysis showed that the average plant height of the lines ranged from 74 cm -142 cm, the number of productive tillers ranged from 7-14 stems per clump, the flowering age ranged from 75 -84 DAS, and the harvest age ranged from 92 -106 DAS. Most of the lines tested had a higher plant height than the average of the four control varieties. A total of 28 lines had the number of productive tillers exceeding the average of the four comparison varieties with a range of 10-14 stems per hill. Flowering age and harvesting age of the comparison varieties used, Inpago 12 were among the fastest, 77 and 99 DAS, respectively. The analysis showed that the rice lines were not different from Inpago 12, each obtained as many as 16 lines.

Grain Quality
The highest head rice was in the B15197B-MR-2-Blk-22 line with a percentage of 77% and B14986E-MR-10 with a percentage of 73%, higher than all the control varieties. B15119C-TB-47 lines with a yield of 66% and B15562D-MR-20 with a yield of 64%, higher than all the control varieties. The amylose content of most of the strains tested was in the low to moderate category, and only a few were high. The amylose content is related to the texture of the rice. Lines with low amylose content will have a fluffier or medium texture of rice, while high amylose levels indicate dry amylose. The size of the shape and appearance of rice is mostly long (L), medium (M), and medium (M).