The experience of the European Union in training specialists for the agricultural sector of the economy

The article deals with the issues related to the transformation of the experience of agricultural management in the countries of the European Union into educational programs of higher educational institutions in Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries. Productive interaction in the agricultural sector, exchange of interns with partner universities contributes to the development of long-term and effective cooperation in training specialists of a new format. Organizational research methods expand analytical work to study the experience of educational services in the EU countries. The results of the study are confirmed by the acquired skills and knowledge on the new official educational course and the corresponding output document. The experience of the European Union in training specialists for the agricultural sector of the economy has been introduced into the educational process in educational institutions of Kazakhstan, and is also disseminated within the framework of the international school of economics and management of the consortium of agricultural universities for the development of the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus, as well as through academic mobility of the teaching staff.


Introduction
Agriculture in Kazakhstan is one of the fundamental sectors that functions and develops stably, influencing the development of the economy of society as a whole. The agricultural sector and the level of its development ensure the economic and food security of any country.
At the same time, it should be noted that in some regions of the country there is a low level of productivity, which causes a problematic situation in this production sector [1].
Considering this fact, the state is improving, developing and introducing new mechanisms of state support, increasing the amount of funding, and developing new programs that contribute to the development of the agro-industrial sector of the country's economy. Such support effectively affects the increase in gross output, the growth of foreign investment in Kazakhstani production, and the formation of new agricultural facilities. However, experience shows that the issue of reducing imports of agricultural products is not yet raised, but, on the contrary, there is a need to improve the mechanisms and structures of agricultural exports. In the context of modernization of agricultural production, the country needs specialists of a new formation, modern management and a new agricultural policy of the country [2].
Foreign experience of modern agribusiness, in particular the experience of the European Union, demonstrates the most successful model of farming. The effective agricultural policy of the countries 2 of the European Union, including new tools and a modern system of training specialists, allowed the EU to quickly become a leading exporter of agricultural products.
The introduction of the experience of the enterprises of the agricultural sector of the European Union countries into the universities of Kazakhstan and Central Asia influenced the development of new joint educational programs and their integration into the global educational space, which makes it possible to train specialists for the agricultural sector of the economy of a new formation [3].
The object of the research is the EU agrarian policy and the organization of the educational process in the preparation of specialists in this area.
The purpose of the study is to improve educational programs for training specialists for the agricultural sector, for the achievement of which it is necessary to perform the following tasks: introduction of a new official training course, involvement of farmers, representatives of the public, representatives of regional state structures in the agricultural sector, in the field of education, internal policy in the project being implemented and youth policy and dissemination of the results.

Methods
In the course of the research, organizational methods were used that allow establishing connections and interdependencies between phenomena of different types. These include general scientific methods: monographic, analytical, economic and mathematical methods, as well as methods of extrapolation and group substitutions. Particular attention should be paid to the country's regulatory documents, as well as the media, documents of local authorities and other materials related to the research topic.

Results and Discussion
The relationship between Kazakhstan and the countries of Central Asia within the agrarian sector of the economy received a new round of development. Since Kazakhstan occupies an ideal geographical position, being in the focus of the communication flow between Europe and Asia, it is natural to converge not only in the political, but also in the economic development of the region [4].
Central Asian countries can be partners for the EU if they have highly qualified specialists. Kazakhstan was one of the first to enter the European educational space and began to implement the principles of the Bologna Process [5].
The introduction of the experience of higher educational institutions of the EU countries has significantly changed the quality of organization and training of specialists, introducing a three-stage model of personnel training and developing academic mobility of both students and teachers [6].
"We must achieve the provision of high-quality education services throughout the country at the level of world standards," said the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev in his Address to the people of Kazakhstan [7].
The main provisions of the education system developed in the framework of the Bologna Process are: -increasing the competitiveness and attractiveness of European education; -convergence of national educational systems; -the process of restructuring higher education, providing for the reform of national higher education systems, -introduction of multilevel higher education; -adoption of the academic credit system; -quality control of education; -expanding student and teaching mobility; -orientation towards learning outcomes [8].
These positions are successfully implemented and introduced into the learning process. Studying the experience of agribusiness management in the EU contributes to the development of European integration in the field of agricultural education and increases the professionalism of To implement the curriculum for the project 599371-EPP-1-2018-1-KZ-EPPJMO-MODULE "Transformation of the experience of agribusiness management of the European Union in Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries" degrees, as well as extensive experience in industrial, scientific and pedagogical activities. The area of study of their scientific work is associated with a certain specialization, which is reflected in their dissertation research and scientific works. Each of the lecturers has a sufficient list of scientific publications in various media and scientific publications.
The organization of the educational process for the project is being carried out for the third year. Lectures are extended to seminars and workshops. At the end of the training, students take an exam in the form of testing. And the trained production workers receive a certificate of completion of the course.
Distance learning has become widespread. This is due to the large radius of the involved learning audience.
Today, in the context of Kazakh-German economic cooperation, a significant place is occupied by productive interaction in the agricultural sector, where projects related to the transit of technologies and methods in the field of development of organic farming, veterinary medicine, animal husbandry and education are gaining momentum [9] .
Kostanay Engineering and Economic University named after M. Dulatov has been cooperating for many years with the Weinstephan University of Applied Sciences (Triesdorf Branch), Germany.
Under this agreement, undergraduates receive a double-diploma education, and for teachers, refresher courses are held in the specialty of the magistracy "Agricultural Management" within the framework of the Erasmus + program.
Most of the participants in the current project, and these are teachers from universities in Ukraine (Kiev, Nikolaev, Sumy), Russia (Voronezh, Krasnodar, Saratov, Belgorod), Uzbekistan (Bishkek, Naryn), Kazakhstan (Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Kostanay), as well as from the agricultural universities of Armenia and Azerbaijan, underwent an internship in the 2019-2020 academic year at the named university in Germany.
The internship was carried out in the magistracy disciplines: production economics, enterprise planning, business management, accounting, agricultural policy, etc. The internship program included training sessions, practical exercises with calculations and a visit to the Brown / Schindler farm and farm collection of information for economic calculations.
The program included such sessions as the educational content of the module "The structure of costs and benefits in agriculture. enterprise "," Calculation for the operation of agricultural. techniques "," Methods of planning PP1, PP2, BEP, MAX "," Calculation of a multi-period investment project (MPI)" [10].
It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the calculation methodology presented for implementation in the educational process in our universities can be used by us only when presenting the theory, because the reporting forms used in general in our country differ and contain much less information than in the reports. farmers in Germany.
In our country, such detailed calculations are not carried out for the types of animals and feed, which makes it difficult to use this calculation method in practice.
Nevertheless, this technique is of interest, and we, within the framework of a cooperation agreement, use in the educational process.
The farm, which is the base of practice, maintains accounting documentation and makes calculations according to the methodology developed by the university, which provides professional training for students and undergraduates. Farmers have a certificate for conducting practical training for students. The dual education system has long been introduced into the educational process of German universities. This system allows for better training of qualified specialists through the practical orientation of educational programs. [11]. Dual education is a chance to gain independence, painlessly adapt in modern economic conditions, learn to perform specific duties in the specialty, and form professional competence [12].
A positive point in the dual education of Triesdorf is the presence of farms located right on the territory of the university, which provides the opportunity for students, without leaving the school, to undergo industrial practice, directly working on these farms three days a week.
A practical element of cooperation between Kazakhstan and Germany is an international internship exchange program. This process has been supported for several years. The accumulated experience in this area indicates that the efforts of the Kazakh and German sides can contribute to the development of a long-term and productive partnership [13].
In the context of a shortage of personnel, the issue of introducing a new training system -dual training, which allows opening branches of departments at the enterprises of practice bases, becomes relevant. Such a system allows you to use practical experience in training specialists of the required level.
This system has long been introduced into the educational process of German universities [14]. A positive point in the dual education of Triesdorf is the presence of farms located right on the territory of the university, which provides the opportunity for students to undergo industrial practice without leaving the school, directly carrying out the production process on these farms three days a week [15].
Undergraduates studying on grants receive a scholarship of 750 euros per month, which encourages them to master the programs of training courses in a quality and conscientious manner.
Weinstephan University graduates are successfully employed, including students from the CIS countries.
The issue of obtaining a double degree is not only a concern of our university. Most partner universities have the fact of receiving a diploma only from the German side. In this regard, at a meeting of rectors of partner universities, the issue of issuing a diploma to undergraduates in Germany after the completion of the educational process in a domestic university was resolved. And it is right. Then the problem of double-diploma education will be solved.
The project to transform the EU agribusiness management experience is gaining momentum. Within the framework of the project, scientific schools of leading scientists of the KEU named after V.I. M. Dulatova.
Members of the schools are undergraduate and graduate students. Their scientific research is related to the implementation of the experience of the EU countries in the educational process of domestic universities. Research results are reported at scientific and practical conferences of various levels and published in scientific journals of both the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation and in publications of other countries.
Also, the results of their research are introduced into the theoretical and practical courses of the relevant disciplines of bachelor's and master's degrees, as evidenced by the acts of implementation in the educational process, signed by the vice-rector for science.
The European Union has achieved a high level of food security through the production efficiency of the agricultural sector. The Union annually provides over 1/5 of the world's grain production, more than 1/3 of milk and 1/6 of pork, and the association has no equal in the production of sugar beets and barley [16].
Work is being carried out especially successfully to increase the productivity of agricultural sectors. So the grain yield of 100 kg / ha is no longer an unprecedented indicator for France, the southern lands of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark. The same can be safely attributed to beet growing, where in some regions farmers receive 120 t / ha with a yield of up to 10 tons of pure sugar, and to potato growing, where a yield of 450 t / ha is the norm in many regions of the EU. Such results are possible if the environmental requirements in the production areas are met, which obliges manufacturers to effectively use chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other artificial growth regulators [17].
In animal husbandry, there are high indicators of the development of this industry, such as milk yield per cow. The economic efficiency of farms in EU countries is determined by the level and This situation has necessitated the introduction of resource-saving technologies as a tool to improve the efficiency of farm production [18].
The study of both production experience and experience in training specialists in the agricultural sector of the EU economy will make it possible to generalize it for use in the countries of Central Asia.

Conclusions
The current state of the world agrarian economy has put many countries in a competitive struggle in the food market. This necessitates the training of high-quality agricultural specialists with practiceoriented competencies for the production of competitive products [19].
In the Kostanay Engineering and Economic University named after M. Dulatov, within the framework of the project: 1.
Training course "Transformation of the experience of agribusiness management of the European Union in Kazakhstan and the countries of Central Asia" for undergraduate, graduate and agricultural producers.

3.
Completed master's theses on the topics: "Industrial and innovative development of Kazakhstan in the conditions of the Eurasian Economic Union", "Management of innovative projects in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Innovative and technological development of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan", "Prospects for the development of cooperation between the European Union and the countries of Central Asia in the culture ", as evidenced by the acts of implementation in the educational process, signed by the Vice-Rector for Science 4.
Kostanay agrarians, representatives of the public, regional government agencies are involved in the discussion of the problems of agribusiness in Kazakhstan and consideration of the prospects for its development through the organization of a round table.
5. Open lectures and seminars were held using virtual classes of Adobe Connect, upon completion of the training process, 106 students were awarded diplomas confirming the acquisition of skills and knowledge on the new official educational course 6.
Within the framework of the international school of economics and management of the consortium of agricultural universities for the development of the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus (CASCADE), a series of lectures and practical classes of the course "Transformation of the experience of agribusiness management of the European Union in Kazakhstan and the countries of Central Asia" was held, in which 393 students from 15 universities-members of the consortium The introduction of the experience of the European Union countries in the agricultural sector of the economy will provide Kazakhstan and the Central Asian countries with the development of new educational programs for training specialists in the field of agribusiness, which will make it possible to become equal players in the agricultural sector and achieve the highest level of food independence [20]. Such studies entail solid prospects for the development of relations between the countries of Central Asia and the European Union.